The Iron Age 1942-07-30: Vol 150 Iss 5

JULY 30, For replacement more critical metal not now avaii- able because the War Program, this might your answer. Cold Rolled Strip Steel paper-thin sizes like this cover serving successfully many im- portant products. Other applications, involving wide range physical properties, are now developing. have available, information based actual production data which might helpful solving other demands for light gauge metal. inquiry will bring helpful facts and cooperation demonstrate the wide application and practical uses Cold Metal Precision Light Gauge Strip Steel. 4 Ge | 4 1 J @ q 2 T certainly come the right place get the low-down Cleve- Worm Gear Speed Reducers” cor- dially remarks the Manager west plant, have used lot them over good many years. bought fifty Clevelands our first order, nearly years ago. That was big initial order for those days, but needed and were confi- dent that Cleveland made very superior Drive. then, have ordered additional Clevelands repeatedly. Drives operate our Affiliate: The Farval Corporation, Cleveland, Manufacturers Centralized Systems Lubrication. Canada: PEACOCK BROTHERS LIMITED worm owners machines uniformly. Smoothness vital our grinding and polishing processes. have shutdowns due Drive failure.” Cleveland has devoted its entire years producing worms and gears and nothing else. Their good quali- ties have led this and many another manufacturer order more Cleve- lands— dozens after the first purchase. The Cleveland Worm Gear Com- pany, 3252 East 80th Street, Cleve- land, Ohio. THE IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CO. (INC.). Philadelphia under act March 1879. give you yearly North America and South America, Foreign $15. Vol. Entered as second class matter November 8, 1932, at the Post Office at 150, No. 2. 7 | VAN DEVENTER President and Editor | Vice-President and General Manager Editorial Editor, OLIVER Devil Take the ttle Fello Associate Editors JAMES Art Editor, WINTERS Technical Articles BENEDETTO esi n istri iro ashington Pittsburg Press-Forge Forming Aluminum and Steel San Francisco Discredit Film Theory for Stainless Steel 62B Buffalo Skin Troubles Welding 62D Boston Los Angeles Cleaning Pipe Shock Blasting HUGH SHARP JOHN McCUNE Birmingham Fabricating Alloy Steel Tubing 62F BACON Seattle ° DIX, Manager Reader Service Features ssembly Line Advertising Staff Emerson Findley 2420 Cheremoya Ave., Los Fatigue Cracks Angeles, Cal Leonard, 100 East 42nd New York Dear Editor Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit Ober, 100 East 42nd New York Robinson Washington 428 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh Personals and Obituaries. 116 Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Pub- Machine Tool Activity. 119 lished every Thursday. Subscription Price Possessions, $8; Foreign, year. Scrap Markets 121 Single copy, cents. Cable Address Iron and Steel Scrap Prices. 123 ° ° Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Owned and Published Finished Steel Prices 125 CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Warehouse Prices 126 Executive Editorial and Offices Advertising Offices Chestnut and Sts. 100 East 42nd St. Philadelphia, Pa. New York, U.S.A. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President JOS. HILDRETH, Vice-President EVERIT TERHUNE, Vice-President VAN DEVENTER, Vice-President BAUR, Vice-President WILLIAM A, BARBER, Treasurer Copyright. 1942. by Chilton Company (ine.) | JOHN BLAIR Secretary JULIAN CHASE, THOMAS KANE HARRY V. DUFFY CHARLES J. HEALE Office at | 3 3 4 | | j q a 5 ¥ 4 | Sub Propeller Shafts Needed Quickly! Story How Ryerson Ingenuity Saved Five Weeks needed distant shipyard were fourteen forged submarine propeller shafts that must pass Navy specifications. Forgings were specified, but none could secured time. Quickly available Ryerson stocks were cold rolled bars— the right size—but five different analyses. Navy Inspectors were skeptical. Could Ryerson heat-treat and assure uniform physicals—also furnish pull tests for each bar? Well, no; because the piece left after the bars were cut the needed length, would too short make standard test sample. delay five weeks loomed Then Ryerson metallurgists found way: Inquiry revealed that the shafts were machined down each end for distance So, why not cut piece from the side each bar, before machining—enough for all tests yet leaving suffi- cient stock for machining size? The idea worked perfectly. The data charts always furnished with Ryerson Certified Steels provided the exact analysis each bar and assured proper heat-treatment. few minutes hacksaw work yielded the necessary test samples and all fourteen bars passed the rigid Navy Inspection with flying colors. Ryerson ingenuity has helped many manufacturers Cutting test pieces from side bar without affecting length. solving production problems—has also cut ultimate delivery time from months days. Ryerson engineers and metallurgists, backed century service the nation, are ready work with you accordance with plan making the most all available steel. JOSEPH RYERSON SON, INC., Chicago Milwaukee St. Louis Cincinnati Detroit Cleveland Buffalo Boston Philadelphia Jersey City q | 7 JULY 30, 1942 ° ESTABLISHED 1855 Devil Take the Little Fellow the outstanding characteristics American enterprise has been the urge invent and patent. Under the protection our patent laws, little people with big ideas merit have been placed position compete successfully with large and powerful enterprises, not compete with them, least deal with them remunerative basis. Many our successful concerns today owe their start the protection afforded them our patent system. Under that protection, they have been able develop and market worthwhile new products competition with strongly entrenched and powerfully financed inter- ests. Without this protection, they would have been sunk from the start. now proposed, Senate Bills 4191 and 2303, establish the principle automatic licensing all inventions, whereby any corpora- tion, government, even peace times, enabled manufacture and sell the patented device upon the agreement pay established license fees. You, for example, invent improved carburetor for automobile. beats anything now the market. Your friends are willing put the money finance its manufacture and sale, giving you contro! the business. How much chance you think that you would have stay the carburetor business with Ford, General Motors, Chrysler the government taking licenses under the terms these bills? true that you would make money royalties. But not think that the farsighted founders our patent system were thinking just that. think they were thinking establishing way which little businesses could protected during their formative periods, that these little businesses could have chance grow larger and thus strengthen our industrial economic fabric. Under the proposed revision our patent laws, research and development ideas would seriously handicapped. One com- petitor, for example, could wait for another spend thousands dollars and months time perfecting idea the point marketability and then demand license manufacture and compete. Under such circumstances, big money concerns would have all the advantages over their smaller competitors. The present trend events, general, not doing much encour- age the small business manufacturing enterprise. the contrary, doing great deal smother them. And this newest newdealistic tinkering with our patent system like throwing the seed corn down the sewer and trusting luck, Washington, that the present crop industries will sufficient without | | | —— ~ | | — “ | | — . j | | | j | | | ° ° j } | | | j h i 4 7 | } ; | 4 INLAND PACKAGING AND SHIPPING Steps War Output Properly packaged and shipped steel steps war output avoiding damage and loss vital tonnage during transit—by making better use railroad equipment—and, speeding unloading, storage and distribution war production plants. For many years Inland has been studying and apply- ing better methods for packaging and shipping steel. has been Inland’s job send the right steel, and have arrive destination perfect condition, for eco- nomical unloading and im- mediate use production. That why Inland special- ists study each quirements. They ascertain: few typical results Inland Steel packaging and shipping: Change type car reduced unloading costs 75%. Improved handling method raised car Inland packaging saved 40% storage packaging and shipping re- space. delivery service required, rail truck; methods unloading; character and capacitics unloading and handling equipment; type cars trucks required; size lifts packages; storage methods; and, protection needed for material transit. Inland experience packaging and shipping saving vital steel—helping the railroads use cars the best advantage—and, aiding war plants meet production schedules. expert will gladly help you speed war output studying your incoming steel packaging, shipping and unloading problems. SHEETS STRIP TIN PLATE BARS PLATES FLOOR PLATE STRUCTURALS PILING RAILS TRACK ACCESSORIES REINFORCING thy, Yt? wy % Sales Milwaukee, Yy, WW WY % NEALEY ODERN armor plate was battleship and was later ap- plied the tank and vital parts the airplane. Two groups of- ficers the Ordnance Department the Army have been con- stantly work ever since World War race, the one developing tougher armor plate and the other creating better armor piercing shot. For, the country has armor plate that will resist the enemy’s artillery and shot that will pierce the enemy’s protection the road victory will much shorter. armor plate alloy steel, face hard- ened and with tough core, ob- soleted the then standard armor piercing projectile. whole new series A.P. shot have been de- veloped since. ballistic proper- ties are improved sharp nose Greater strength the hardened point and saving about per cent material are gained centerless grinding forged bar stock, compared with turning the shot from bar stock. and penetration more effective with blunter design, windshield added some types produce the streamlined ogive. Also cap added between the nose and windshield. impact the wind- shield and then the cap are broken, but the hard face the cap has delivered shattering blow the armor plate and weakened before the hard nose the shot itself exerts its blow. Therefore, the shot reaches the greatly strained plate undamaged condition. Tank warfare conducted compara- tively short ranges the armor piercing shot employed phase warfare requires neither the cap nor the windshield. many A.P. shot are turned from bar stock lathes, single pur- pose machines and automatic screw machines, forging technique has been developed that produces superior projectile with preciable saving material. recognized that the poorest struc- ture bar stock the center. The most important part A.P. shot the nose point and when machined from bar stock this might constitute weakness. developed forging technique reworks the raw steel not only eliminate such voids that may exist but also arrange the grain flow converge the nose hard, tough knot with superior shattering penetrating qualities. Proof its excellence Complete round mm. armor piercing shot with forged shell. Mark with letters and figures high Marking shown that applied the stamping not shown remains Charge propelling the case received loader ust with below face cartridge case THE IRON AGE, July 30, 1942—39 « 3 4 By | | ° ° ° ° ° © 3 | HEARING hot rolled bar steel length. ° ° ° ORGING billets rough form nose shot. ° ° ° EMOVING forging nib with abrasive cut-off wheel. found the fact that all shot produced and submitted for bal- listic tests have been approved. Furthermore, forging and shearing against machining bar stock and sawing, produce saving material approximately per cent. This process was engineers Ohio plant working with officers the Ordnance De- partment the Army who have already produced million the past four months and are work- ing their second million. This shot certain type mm. weighing 1.91 Raw ma- terial hot rolled bars 17/16 in. round. This smaller diameter than the shot itself, the full diam- eter being attained during forging. time was short, this company went into production with mini- mum new machines and adopted sequence operations that would permit the use equipment avail- able. The first operation shear the 16-ft. bars into forging These pieces, carefully sorted weight, are annealed 1700 1800 deg. gas-fired rotary furnace about ft. diameter. The ring shaped hearth structure centering post. Post and hearth are rotated motor driven pinion and ring gear. Auto- matic temperature control with recording pyrometer are provided. One man feeds the furnace and an- other removes the hot blanks drop- ping them alternately into one two chutes feeding two Consoli- dated presses fitted with forging dies. Forging done with one piece dies having knockout pins and ac- complished one stroke. The mate- rial forced into the nose and insure uniformity and prevent the formation drops,” extra material pushed into lug nib extending from the point. This ground off pedestal type, abrasive cut-off machine. Graphite bearing grease used lubri- cant for the forging dies. Anneal- ing follows one four furnaces about ft. dimen- sion. Each heated with gas burners, side. Automatic temperature control achieved motor operated valve the air- line and temperature chart kept shot are loaded into the furnace boxes, heat treated and cooled. the machine line, the first operation grinding the O.D. | Nos. and Cincinnati centerless through feed and allowing 0.005 in. stock for final finish. The band seat formed single spindle Cleve- land automatics Oster hand tur- ret lathes. These machines groove and undercut the band seat and face and radius the back end. The Cleveland automatics have mag- azine feed attachment which auto- matically feeds the shot through the spindle and into the collets. single cutting tool, about in. wide used and this cuts three diameters, five grooves and one radius. second tool faces off the back end. The tracer cavity some in- stances drilled single spindle Cleveland automatic and counter- sunk single spindle drill press. The back end buffed belt sander remove burrs. The nose rough and finish formed Oster turret lathes. Finish grinding the accomplished with single pass Cincinnati centerless grinder with magazine feed. Knurling the band seat ac- complished breaking the rings left the Cleveland auto- matics. new type hydraulic machine was developed for this op- eration. Instead using circular knurl which pressed against the rotating work, this plant has de- veloped rack type knurl which drives the shot while held freely fixture. The fixture con- sists block steel with cen- tral hole into which the work in- serted. When forced down vertical hydraulic ram, the rack presses against the band seat, rotates the shot and knurls the seat one revolution the shot. The work withdrawn before the tool retracted. All machine operations this point are then inspected group women inspecters. Each will in- spect average 500 pieces per hr. heat treatment now order and for this battery Tocco in- duction machines provided. ordinary fuel fired furnaces, steel shot swell diameter and shrink length. The opposite true when they are heated electrically the induction method. finishing the 37-mm. A.P. shot, allowances are made for decrease diameter and increase length. base the induction method affords real economy. Each Tocco machine consists two multiple unit holding fixtures, coil sets, quenches, that NTERIOR annealing furnace, show- ing heat treat- ing containers loaded with 37-mm. forged billets. € A RINDING ona Cincinnati No. centerless grinder. this Cleve- land single matic screw machine the rotating band seat and the casing groove are formed and undercut, faced and with sadius, and thegtracer ° ° ° O cA LEFT alternate method forming the band seat, fac- ing and chamfering the base and drilling the tracer cavity use Oster Rapiduction hand tur- ret lathe shown. Note the "Go" and Go" snap gage which bolted one the idle tur- ret faces. similar machine used for rough and finish forming the nose the shot, using form tool the rear cross slide only. treating the shot Tocco induction hardening units. Each holding fixture, which power ele- vated into the coil area, holds six shots. NURLING the band seat special hydraulic machine using rack type knurling tool. The work turned the straight knurling tool the ram pushes the latter down. RIGHT URFACE finish check mm. done under magnifying glasses. BELOW diameters are gaged simultane- ously this Sheffield Multi-chek which uses signal lights show whether the diameters are size, over size under size. ABOVE tire-setting press shrinking rotating bands onto shot. ‘ool BELOW EMOVING shot from spindles the rear the paint spraying machine and placing unpainted shot position. masks are first placed over the rotating band preparatory lacquering. The shot holders are rotated power while the spray area. pe single operator can load and unload one while the other operation. These machines work automatically predetermined time cycle sec. The operator loads six shot into the first fixture and motor raises the hole fixture into the coils above. Here they attain temperature, are OPERATION Shear hot rolied bar stock length Anneal 1700-1800 deg. Forge shot... Cut off nose Anneal.... Rough grind shot tracer cavity Countersink tracer Buff base shot 10. Rough and finish form nose 12. band seat 13. 14. Induction 15. Draw.. 16. Wash, wire brush and rinse. 17. Inspect 18. Press rotating bands ream cavity. 20. Burr band. 21. Inspect six 22. Stamp lot number. 23. 24. Place cardboard shield over band 25. 26. Visual inspection. 28. Pack shot cartons soaked this heat quenched. Water sprays are used while the shot are still the coils. The water collected system tanks where cooled and re- circulated pumps. Holcroft electric furnace some ft. wide and ft. long. The work carried through motor driven apron type conveyor about ft. wide. This furnace equipped with automatic temperature control four zones and provided with both recording and visual pyrom- eters. this point the shot lie Groove and undercut band seat, face base and chamfer radius, 19. Turn band diameter, chamfer and groove band; undercut body; dormant for period for strain relief treatment. Each shot then cooled water bath, immersed boiling water and finally cooled water bath. The next cycle consists washing, wire brushing and rinsing remove rust and Each shot then carefully examined visually for cracks with Operations 37-Mm. Shot EQUIPMENT Consolidated press Rotary, gas-fired furnace Consolidated forging press Abrasive cut-off machine Box type, gas-fired furnace Cincinnati No. No. grinder Cleveland single spindle automatic Drill press Belt sander Oster Rapiduction lathe Cincinnati Special machine Bench Tocco unit Holcroft electric furnace Four-power magnifiers West tire setter Porter-Cable lathe Drill press Sheffield Multi-chek gage Detroit-Rex dagreaser Bench Rotating machine Bench Bench the aid four power glass. The rotating bands are cut from tubes gilding metal about 15% in. diameter Cleveland screw automatics. These are burred hydraulic broaching press, washed, annealed and quenched water. They are then pressed onto the shot segmented West tire setters with hydraulic ram each segment. The shot are then chucked Porter-Cable lathe and the final operations are accom- plished four tools two cross slides. These operations are turn magnifying placed upon each machine produced Mon- arch Machine Tool Co., Sidney, Ohio, and used the company's plant. Monarch executives credit these plates with increasing employee sense responsibility and care usage, when the value the machine upon which they are working set before them. Moreover, this standardization locating the serial number each machine eliminates the usual difficulty securing this information machines various production lines. the same time, simplifies inventory taking, the or- dering repair replacement parts, and offers shop super- intendents constant visual knowledge the age each ma- chine his shop. actual installation. the blank spaces have the proper data stamped in. 44—THE IRON AGE, July 30, 1942 the band diameter, chamfer and groove the band and undercut the body. hand-operated reamer then pushed clean the tracer cavity. The burr removed from the band drill press and the shot are inspected Sheffield Multi-chek which gages six diam- eters simultaneously, revealing colored signal lights any diameter that not correct. After stamping the lot num- ber, the shot are cleaned Detroit-Rex degreaser and band shield installed prior lacquer- ing the shell body. Lacquering accomplished hand automati- circular cast iron ring some ft. diameter containing fixtures onto which the shot are loaded hand. The shot are ro- tated these fixtures they are pletely covered the fixed spray. they are still hot from the de- greaser, this lacquer dries quickly. The ring makes one complete rev- olution every min. final visual inspection given, the protecting shield removed from the band and the shot are packed cartons. Consider again the question the saving material forging in- stead machining from bar stock. the first place, with bar stock approximately in. removed machining. against this, undersize forged size and the surface cleaned centerless grinder. the second place, all metal hogged off the nose bar stock lost while the only loss forging the tip. Thirdly, from 9/32 in. lost from the back face when bar stock cut off while loss results when forging stock sheared. estimated that least per cent mate- rial saved forging, addi- tion producing better projec- tile. DISTANCE BETWEEN Cast Borings for Steel Surface use cast iron borings turnings protecting steel has been practice for many years. This use been general, but has more less been relegated the plant where had become established occa- sional practice, and where borings and turnings were available by-product. Before the advent controlled atmospheres, face protection finished part could only obtained packing, for carburizing, and many thought that cast iron borings ob- tained more neutral protective atmosphere. Bullens* refers the latter practice offering fair pro- tection from decarburization, and mentions that the decarburization the surfaces tools during heat treatment can prevented. *“Steel and Its Heat Bullens, 4th Edition, Vol. I., 332. Ist Edition, 119. With men and machines working night and day the general ex- pansion production machines and implements warfare and with heat treating capacity being pressed its limit and controlled atmospheres used only the most important jobs, any item manu- facture that can contribute the prosecution the program whole most welcome. The ma- chine tool industry producing more cast iron borings than ever before. The natural handling borings scrap for remelting has always been ticklish problem, be- cause they offset the most careful calculations when added the furnace charge. The use bor- Protection Steel may packed cast iron borings and heated for quenching without scaling appreciable de- carburization conditions are favorable. The results herein series experiments this practice show have considerable ings protec- tive atmosphere does not destroy them, and the authors’ con- tention that they will still avail- able raw ma- terial part the charge going into the iron blast furnace. series experiments have been made and from these semi- qualitative estimate the protec- tion available steels the range from Armco iron per cent carbon steel has been drawn. Soda ash has also been admixed with the cast iron borings learn the possible energizing effect and the consequent alteration re- sults. The work was conducted five steels four different tem- peratures, each test being held temperature for period hr. This 6-hr. period was selected arbi- trarily being sufficient time learn the trend the action. The steels analyzed follows: Ph, Mn, Percent Percent Percent Percent 0.01 0.017 0.025 0.005 0.17 0.76 0.036 0.018 0.40 0.70 0.040 0.020 0.65 0.85 0.030 0.020 1.04 0.30 0.040 0.020 small sample, about in. DAVID ELLIS and JOSEPH OESTERLE Department Mining and University Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. diameter and in. long was used each test. The only preliminary preparation was grinding move scale and order insure that the surface would clean. The cast iron borings were ob- tained from gray iron machine castings that had been machined dry. They did not contain oil and were exceedingly clean. The soda ash was anhydrous, powdered reagent. was mixed mechanic- ally with the cast iron borings. The basis addition was pounds per 100 lb. borings. The con- tainer was new tin can, pint size, having the specimen symmetrically placed the center and the cover sealed with fire clay. attempt was made use the specimen, con- tainer, packing medium more than once. Thirty cans were heated one time large furnace. The pro- cedure was heat temperature, hold temperature for hr., cool room temperature, and remove the specimens. Specimens were cut half and mounted pre- serve their edge. The section was polished and etched, and examined 500 diameters magnification. Maximum surface carbon was es- timated comparison with stand- THE IRON AGE, July 30, 1942—45 O- i. , C- og deg. plain borings. Fig. (top) 0.40 per cent deg. mixture 3.5 soda ash per carbon steel, Fig. 0.65 per cent carbon steel, borings. Fig. (top) 0.40 per cent carbon steel, Fig. Fig. (bottom) per cent carbon steel. (center) 0.65 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (bottom) per cent carbon steel. ABOVE IGS. and for hr. 1550 deg. plain borings. Fig. (top) 0.65 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (bottom) per cent carbon steel. LEFT deg. plain borings. Fig. (top) Armco Fig. (center) 0.17 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (bottom) 0.40 per cent carbon steel. IRON AGE, July 30, 1942 hag, 1550 deg. mixture 3.5 soda ash per 100 borings. Fig. (top) Armco Fig. (upper center) 0.17 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (center) 0.40 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (lower 0.65 per cent carbon steel. Fig. 16, 1.04 per cent carbon steel. ard samples. The depth the affected zone was measured with Filar micrometer. Estimate The results obtained after heat- ing hr. 1450 deg. show that the borings alone offer good protection. The data are given Lb. Soda Ash Per Table Lb. Borings There was slight decarburiza- (plain tion the 1.04 per cent carbon 0.175 steel, but the 0.65 and 0.40 per cent carbon steels were unaltered. When soda ash was added the mixture, 3.50 however, the latter were carbur- 4 ‘ se. mes 1650 deg. plain borings. Fig. (top) Armco Fig. (upper center) 0.17 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (center) 0.40 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (lower 0.65 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (bottom) per cent carbon steel. TABLE Change Carbon Content the Surface the Steels 1450 Deg. Original Carbon Content Steel 100 0.40 Per Cent 0.65 Per Cent 1.04 Per Cent 0.40 0.65 1.00 0.40 0.65 1.00 0.40 0.65 1.04 0.40 0.65 1.04 0.55 0.65 1.04 0.80 0.75 1.04 THE IRON AGE, July 30, 1942—47 Lb. Soda Ash Per 100 Lb. Borings (plain 0.175 0.35 0.70 1.75 3.50 0.01 Per Cent TABLE Estimated Change Carbon Content the Surface Carbon Content Steel Original Carbon Content Steel 0.17 0.40 0.65 1.04 Per Per Cent Cent Per Cent 0.35 0.40 0.55 0.80 0.40 0.40 0.65 1.04 0.50 0.50 0.65 1.04 0.60 0.58 0.72 1.04 0.80 0.80 0.80 1.04 TABLE III Estimated Change Carbon Content the Surface Lb. Soda Ash Per 100 Lb. 0.01 0.17 0.40 0.65 1.04 Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent Cent Per Cent 0.175 0.40 0.35 0.40 0.60 0.95 0.70 0.15 1.75 0.55 0.50 0.65 1.04 3.50 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.80 1.04 TABLE Original Carbon Content Lb. Soda Ash Per 100 Lb. 0.01 0.17 0.40 0.65 1.04 Borings Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent 0.175 0.002 0.016 0.00 0.002 0.002 0.35 0.017 0.024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.020 0.028 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.034 0.027 0.009 0.00 3.50 0.035 0.038 0.032 0.027 0.00 TABLE Depth Case Inches 1650 Deg. Original Carbon Content 0.17 0.40 0.65 1.04 Borings Per Cent Cent Per Per Per Cent 0.175 0.35 0.70 0.00 0.001 0.003 1.75 0.030 0.00 0.00 3.50 0.040 0.037 0.020 0.00 48—THE IRON AGE, July 30, 1942 TABLE Estimated Change Carbon Content the Surface the Steels 1750 Deg. Original Carbon Content Steel Lb. Soda Ash Borings Per Cent (plain borings) 0.04 0.17 0.175 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.15 0.30 0.70 0.20 0.40 1.75 3.50 TABLE VII Depth Cast Inches 1750 Deg. Carbon Content Steel Lb. Soda Ash Per 100 Lb. 0.01 0.17 Borings Per Per Cent 0.175 0.015 0.024 0.35 0.018 0.027 0.70 0.027 0.030 1.75 0.034 0.037 3.50 0.041 0.045 ized about 0.80 per cent carbon while the 1.04 carbon samples re- mained unaltered. Photomicro- graphs, Figs. show some the results obtained. 1550 deg. F., the activity the plain borings and the steel sur- faces was increased. The low car- bon iron was curiously not affected the plain borings, while 0.17 per cent carbon steel was carburized. The 0.40 carbon steel seemed equilibrium this temperature, change having been effected. The higher carbon steels were de- carburized. Table shows the re- sults obtained. The addition soda ash ener- gizes the reaction and causes car- burization the lower carbon steels. The higher carbon steels are more generally carburized es- pecially the upper range soda ash concentrations. Photomicro- graphs, Figs. 16, show some the results obtained. Complete data were not lected for all the soda ash concen- trations 1650 deg. There was enough, however, show the trend. interesting note that the re- 0.06 — 4 1650 deg. mixture 3.5 soda ash per 100 lb. borings. Fig. (top) Armco Fig. (upper center) 0.17 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (center) 0.40 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (lower center) 0.65 per cent carbon steel, Fig. (bottom) per cent carbon steel. sults obtained 1550 deg. are practically duplicated 1650 deg. might concluded from this that the reaction rate car- burization the time period both serve nullify the added ac- tivity increased temperature. The results are shown Table III. 1750 deg. Photomicrographs, Figs. 26, show some the results obtained. are given Table Only two specimens were tried value lower than the value ob- tained lower temperatures. The 0.17 per cent carbon steel also showed slightly decreased activity 1750 deg. plain borings. Fig. (top) Armco Fig. (bottom) 0.17 per cent carbon steel 1750 deg. mixture 3.5 soda ash per 100 borings. Fig. (top) Armco Fig. (bottom) 0.17 per cent carbon steel. the same direction. The results micrographs, Figs. 30, show some the results obtained. The depth case values ob- tained 1550, 1650, and 1750 deg. F., respectively, shown Tables VI, and VII. iron gave THE IRON AGE, July 30, 1942—49 ao re, re- er- els es- ro- vas nd. RECENT issue Technische Berne, Switzer- land, described some the latest designs holders dollies for holding light-alloy other metal sheets while riveting, the ac- count being based, apparently, current patent literature. the holder shown Fig. two operat- ing parts, the die (1) and the body (2), are arranged act under spring pressure and are set holding case (3). further design Heinkel shown Fig. has the actual die rigidly connected with the shell, small spring linking the holder and the body the holder, both which surround the shank the die. this way movements the dolly are limited great ex- tent, reducing the risk slipping. The force impact from the rivet- ing hammer arranged for the larger mass performing greater movement. the bottom the cylindrical shell (1) fixed diaphragm (2) means cap cut, while inside the shell arranged concentric die (4), the offset end which (5) carries the die cavity. The die shank located guides the cover (6), that portion numbered (7) having greater diameter. The shank the die inside the housing carries sliding mass (8) ABOVE design holder, with die shank and body under sure, represents attempt eliminate danger slipping. LEFT Heinkel design holder has main spring arranged between the body the tool and the grip. 50—THE IRON AGE, July 30, 1942 considerably greater weight than the die and the housing itself. This mass is, one side, held shoulder (10) the die shank, and, the other side, conical spring abutting against phragm (2). The housing (1) held the hand and force from the riveting hammer causes movement the die shank because the system suspension this latter the diaphragm. Acceleration the die transmitted the sliding mass (8), which, reason spring control (9), reacts through greater distance, causing the die react against the rivet head. another design (Fig. 3), based the same principle, the use flexible diaphragm dispensed with, its place being taken brackets (11 and 12), which insure that the die shank moves through only short interval. One bracket (11) detachable and mounted holding sleeve (14) that the die shank may easily replaced. The die shank located and guided ring (15). spring (16) abuts one side against floating weight (14), and the other side against further bracket (12), again mounted upon, but detach- able from, the sleeve (14). op- eration, the sleeve (14) performs movement, thus the tool both easy and comfortable handle. Another Heinkel design provides for the formation the rivet head not direct impact from the rivet 4—This LEFT Heinkel design, embodying the same principles Fig. but de- signed for different usage. RIGHT Heinkel designed holder-on performs heading operation reaction from the holder itself and not directly from the riveting hammer. See also Fig. Holders For Light hammer itseif but consequence reaction from the holder, the cover the housing which forms, addition, sinking die sink the sheet simultaneously with the forming the rivet head. This tool said produce very perfect and uniform headings, the sink- ing die into which the sheets are pressed occupies fixed position. pointed out that excessive hammering avoided the use this device, hence the rivet mate- and dangerous degree cold work- ing. The tool and its method op- eration are shown Figs. and the housing (1) the holder slides the die body (2); this pressed spring (4) against the inner surface (5) the cover (8). the upper side fixed the sinking die (6). projection (3) the die proper fits into hole (7) the cover-plate insuring that shoulder (5) makes contact with the lower side the cover. The space above the projection (3) pre- viously referred serves the die head. Fig. are shown two pieces sheet metal and 10) placed one over the other, rivet (12) previously been drawn through hole provided. Compo- nent (2) the holder its upper position. When the com- pressed air hammer brought bear the rivet head (12a), the shank forces (2) downwards and compresses the spring (Fig. center). now the hammer acts further (Fig. right), the rivet (12) pressed into the metal sheets and 10), which, turn, eces 12) awn its -FERROUS METALS MARKET ACTIVITIES AND PRICE TRENDS Steel, Stimson Says changeover from brass steel artillery shell cases will made the next few months, Sec- retary War Stimson said last week. More than manufacturers, among them the American Rolling Mill Co. and Buick Motor Division, are said making the new steel now. According Secretary Stimson, ordnance experts consider the new cases satisfactory those brass. Steel cases have been used both the Russians and Germans, said. The research division Armco, cooperation with govern- ment and private ordnance organi- zations, began work ment special steel for this purpose early the war. manu- facturing method which uses the same plant equipment used for drawing brass cases has been de- veloped. expected that about million pounds copper year will saved. Preliminary good results have been obtained similar experi- ments just begun with small arms ammunition, Stimson said. The job hunting down and directing into war production the estimated 500,000,000 copper and brass now frozen idle and excess inventories has been started the Copper Recovery Corp., which last week compiled its first inventory list copper available high priority war producers. The list, which contains more than 2000 different items, was made from the first days’ answers 100,- 000 questionnaires sent holders copper stocks CRC. Under the new plan, inventory lists will sent frequently offices and war producers. Producers who can use items listed will put touch with the near- est holders such stocks, with negotiations left the com- panies concerned. Items not spoken for days after list’s release will bought the CRC the corporation’s Salvage prices. Those items which feel may still wanted their present form will stored for about days, then, IRON AGE, July 23, 1942 not sold, scrapped. Other items will scrapped immediately. CRC officials hope have placed all copper stocks war production work, either scrap, is, within eight months. Originally they estimated that per cent stocks could used their pres- ent forms but this estimate, the light the first two weeks’ ques- tionnaire replies, has been revised per cent. Another per cent stocks are said the form scrap present. The remain- ing per cent will probably scrapped CRC. Stocks which their owners refuse sell, either directly high pri- ority holders salvage price the CRC, will requisitioned. Appeals machinery has been set up, but there can appeal the CRC salvage prices, only the Ernest Tupper, chief the In- ventory and Requisitioning Branch the WPB, estimates that least per cent copper stock holders are willing sell CRC prices, without any questions. Any holder copper copper- base alloy, who not engaged war production and has not re- ceived WPB inventory form, should immediately apply the nearest WPB field office for copies Forms 843 and and file them once with the Copper Re- covery Corp., 200 Madison Avenue, New York. Higher preference ratings for copper mines South America, which obtain stipulated amounts maintenance and operating sup- plies with the assistance pref- erence rating order P-58, were an- nounced July the Director- General for Operations. Operators who have received serially num- bered copy the order may now apply A-l-a rating for per cent the dollar value the ma- terial ordered, per cent and A-3 the balance. Previous ratings were and A-3. The base period for deliveries changed the calendar half year preceding the one which the rat- ing applied. operator may not apply ratings assigned under the order obtain deliveries dollar value exceeding 125 per cent that for materials shipped him the preceding half year. Monthly reports must filed with the War Production Board show- ing ratings applied during the pre- ceding month. The order effec- tive until revoked. Smelters and refiners non- ferrous metals operating under order P-73 need not file PRP ap- plications for the third quarter 1942 and will continue operate under P-73 for that period, the Director-General for Industry Op- erations announced July 14. P-73 sets priority ratings for the maintenance and repair needs 102 smelters and refiners. Many them are small and not use the minimum $5,000 worth metal quarter. Pending com- pletion uniform system, P-73 will apply all smelters and re- finers. Metals involved are anti- mony, cobalt, copper, iridium, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, plati- num, tin, tungsten, vanadium and zinc. Non-Ferrous Prices (Cents per for early delivery) Copper Electrolytic! 12.00 1Mine producers’ quotations only, de- livered Conn. Valley. Deduct for proximate New York delivery price. Add for New York delivery. Add for New York delivery. Miscellaneous Non-Ferrous Prices ALUMINUM, delivered: virgin, per cent plus, No. remelt No. standard, 14.50c. NICKEL electrolytic, base refinery, lots tons more. ANTIMONY, prompt; Asiatic, nominal, New York; American, f.0.b. smelter. QUICKSILVER, $197 $199 per flask, f.o.b. shipping point. Brass INGOTs, commercial 85-5-5-5, Ib. New Type Plant Built Wright Aeronautical Wright Aeronautical Corp. constructing, the “war- speed” process, new type con- crete building “somewhere New Jersey,” according official an- nouncement from the company. The plant expected ready for manufacturing short time. Cyclone aircraft engines the upper horsepower range will manufactured this newest the New Jersey factories. the ich ith his ect nk- are ive ite- ess op- der the ver the (3) (7) vith The pre- the and acts q SALES, INQUIRIES AND MARKET NEWS TOL Material Shortages Limiting Full Output War Plants Cleveland Reports from machine tool producers and war contractors in- dicate that material shortages have overtaken the expansion and train- ing programs war plants. Since many war contracts had been signed the basis mass production set- ups, increasingly apparent that some changes adjustments arrangements may have made permit war contractors cover expenses when operating limited production basis. The Stanley coding system designate machine tools certain key letters expected incor- porated eventually the critical tool survey set-up now being made the War Production Board. Although the delivery situation has not improved certain lines such boring mills, planers and large size lathes, certain other tools are more easily available than they were few months ago. For ex- ample, understood that small- size lathe deliveries are now four eight weeks’ basis rating. The Ohio Injector plant Wads- worth, Ohio, will build brick and concrete unit three stories high, 80x84 ft. Seek Machines for Bullet Cores Chicago urgent call for subcon- tractors capable turning 0.50 cal. A.P. bullet cores was issued the local WPB office last week. The agency indicated that facilities any part the country would considered. contractor, WPB said, should have least two four-spindle automatic screw machines least one six- spindle one eight-spindle auto- matic, size least 9/16 in. The 0.50 cal. core approximately in. long and in. diameter. The call for 0.50 cal. core con- tracts addition recent re- quest for subcontractors for 0.30 cal. cores. Subcontractors for the latter should have least three No. in. larger multiple spindle auto- matics. WPB further asked that any plant had single purpose machines attachments had been devel- oped for lathes that might handle 0.30 0.50 cal. cores that the plant get touch with the Chicago WPB office immediately that arrange- ments might made inspect these machines. Rudel Takes Over Many Henry Prentiss Co. Lines New York The newly formed Rudel Ma- chinery Co., Inc., 100 East 42nd Street, New York, has taken over many the machine tool lines formerly handled Henry Pren- tiss Co. until the time the latter’s withdrawal June (THE IRON AGE, May 28, 92.) The manufacturers now being represented northern New Jersey, eastern half New York State and Connecticut the Rudel concern are the following: Acme Machine Tool Co., Cincinnati Avey Drilling Machine Co., Cincinnati Cincinnati Bickford Machine Tool Co. Gould Eberhardt, Irvington, Racine Tool Machine Co., Racine, Wis. Several other lines are the process negotiation. Rudel Machinery Co. headed Thomas Rudel, formerly vice- president Rudel Machinery Co, Ltd., Montreal, Canada. Mr. Ru- del and his family, all American citizens, have been connected with the machine tool business for many years. His father, Clarence Ru- del, was salesman for the Ameri- can Tool Works Co. years ago and the Canadian dealer organiza- tion since 1909 and has represented the leading American machine tool builders throughout the Dominion. The senior Rudel one time was also president Canadian Vickers, Ltd. The other members the new organization were all formerly con- nected with Henry Prentiss Co., New York. Walter Graham, now vice-president, had been with the Prentiss organization for over years and has served the northern New Jersey territory since 1915. Lewis Pratt, another vice-presi- dent, had been with the Prentiss firm since 1927, serving the eastern part New York State. Elbert Ackerman, secretary-treasurer, had been the Prentiss accounting de- partment since 1923. Frank Hamil- ton, who will handle quotations and orders, had been with the Prentiss organization since 1914, except for absence during the war. Other district salesmen are: Rob- ert Granfield (Connecticut) and Richard Taisey Long Island). BUTCHER-MACHINIST: Steve Egels, butcher until the recent (June 29) reopening the boring mill American Locomotive’s Chicago Heights plant, checking measurement carwheel tire for export one the United Nations. The entire Chicago Heights plant has been re- habilitated and turning out steel ingots, tank parts and Navy forgings. THE IRON AGE, July 23, with many Ru- ago aniza- sented tool was ickers, new con- Co., now the ver rthern 1915. rentiss er, had ing de- Hamil- yns and ept for Rob- and 29) one re- ‘gings. the Otis works Jones Laughlin Steel Corp., Cleveland. Since 1917, Mr. Lawrence has been the construction, oper- ation, engineering and metallurgi- cal phases steel manufacture with several companies. 1941 joined the organization the Otis Steel Co. assistant the president. Howard Dawson, formerly the Detroit office, has been put charge the export department, with headquarters the New York district office, for Jessop Steel Co., Washington, Pa. Fred Jessop Wood has taken over Mr. Dawson’s former duties the De- troit branch. named service manager the railroad division the Buda Co., Harvey, Ill. Mr. Sanford has served six years with the Hoosick Electric Specialty Co., Hoosick Falls, has spent two and half years with the Chrysler Corp., Detroit, automotive and diesel field engineer; two years with Sinclair Refining Co., Chi- cago, field engineer covering the State Illinois; and three years with Socony-Vacuum Co., Chicago, the same capacity. Worthing Stone has been ap- pointed assistant advertising man- ager, charge advertising for the railroad, farm implement, automotive and rock bit divisions the Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio. Huffman, member the advertising staff for several years, has been ad- vanced manager the news bu- reau where will responsible both for general publicity and technical articles for the indus- trial press, addition continu- ing his present duties handling the advertising the Steel and Tube Division. Ambler has been named midwestern district representative the Pittsburgh Lectrodryer Corp., Pittsburgh. His offices are 602 Denver National Building, Denver, Colo. Julius Berninghaus, general sales the organic chemicals division Monsanto Chemical Co., has been promoted general manager the division. succeeds John Livingston, who has resigned become con- sulting engineer the Rubber Reserve Company, agency dealing with the provision IRON AGE, July 23, 1942 facilities for synthetic rubber Bruno Loeffler has been made chief engineer charge Amer- ican Bosch Corp. engineering de- sign, and Chester Robinson has been named executive assistant vice-president Edward Moll, who charge manufacturing operations. Robert Jones has been ap- pointed personnel director for the Birmingham plant Rheem Mfg. Co. Mr. Jones formerly was as- sociated with the United States Employment Service Alabama. John Brandt has been elected president and treasurer the Anthracite Bridge Co., Scranton, Pa. William Harding has been named vice-president the com- pany, and Boulton Musser, sec- retary. Joseph Elwood has been ap- pointed general works manager the George Gorton Machine Co., Racine, Wis. For years, Mr. Elwood had been associated with Nash Nash Motors, and was division superintendent charge tools and production the Racine division from its incep- tion. Later was connected with the Ajax plant the Walker Mfg. Co. charge production. Until recently, was factory manager the hydraulic division the Sundstrand Machine Tool Co., Rockford, charge a.c. design for years, has been appointed chief electri- cal engineer the Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co. plants West Allis, Cincinnati, Boston and Pittsburgh. Starting the Allis-Chalmers Norwood works 1905, Mr. Mor- tensen was transferred Mil- waukee electrical draftsman three years later. There suc- cessively became design engineer for d.c. machines, design engineer rotating synchronous machines, and 1932 engineer-in-charge alternating current design. signed vice-president and direc- tor the Elastic Stop Nut Corp., Union, joined the cor- poration 1936 field engineer and, months later, was made chief engineer. January, 1940, was elected the board directors and, July the same year, was made vice-president charge engineering. was placed charge the corpora- tion’s sales and advertising ac- tivities 1941. OBITUARY... heart ailment July 18, aged years. Mr. Jaeger had been the United States representative the German firm Schuchardt Schuette from 1903 until the dis- solution the company, when became the representative Schuette Co. His connection with that concern ceased the outbreak the first World War and after that war, looked after the American interests August Schmitz, Dusseldorf. continued work for August Schmitz until September, 1939, the start the present conflict, and since that time has been inactive. Zachow, fifty years ago originator the four-wheel drive for automobiles and trucks, died July 15. was years old. Chester Horton, superinten- dent production the Boston Navy Yard, died, aged years. had been associated with the Navy Yard for years. Perrin March, president the Cincinnati Shaper Co., died July heart attack, aged years. Mr. March was son Perrin March, Sr., founder the shaper company. Houghton Cox, vice-president and director the Cleveland Twist Drill Co., died Pasadena, Cal., July 12. until the time his death, Mr. Cox served ac- tively director, although was not actively engaged the conduct the business, which was founded his father, the late Jacob Cox, II, 1876. *Emmett Conneely, manager railroad sales Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, died July 10, aged years. Mr. Conneely started his business career Pittsburgh the purchasing de- partment Pittsburgh Lake Erie Railroad and later became as- sistant Col. Schoonmaker. Following this, was with Stand- ard Steel Car Co. Baltimore and later became vice-president and director the New York Air Brake Co. 1925, was made New York representative Pull- man Co.,