The Iron Age 1940-10-10: Vol 146 Iss 15

OCTOBER 10, 1940 VOL. 146 NO. VAN DEVENTER President and Editor BAUR Vice-President and General Manager Managing Editor News Editor Technical Editor Machine Tool Associate Associate Editor Editor Editor Art Editor Editor Emeritus Washington Editors MOFFETT JAMES ELLIS Resident District Editors T. C. CAMPBELL HERMAN L. KLEIN Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents Buffalo Cincinnati FRAZAR CHARLES POST Boston San Francisco HUGH SHARP JOHN McCUNE Milwaukee Birmingham SANDERSON ROY EDMONDS Toronto, Ontario St. Louis LEROY ALLISON Newark, Editorial Labor and the Third Term Technical Articles Four Months Rearmament Equipping Cartridge Case Trainirg Unemployed for Armament Industries Shell Forgings ............. Sensitized Metals ........... Feature Reports the Assembly Line Washington News News and Market Reports Government 123 Personals 134 September Pig Iron 135 Comparison Prices 136 Summary the 137 District Market Reports 140 Products Index Advertisers Copyright, 1940, Chilton Company DIX, Manager Reader Service Advertising Staff Robert Blair Union Bldg., Herrnan, Chilton Bldg., Hottenstein, 1012 Otis Chicago Leonard, 100 East 42nd St., New York Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit Ober, East 42nd New York Warren, Box 81, Hartford, Conn. Don Harner, Pacific Avenue, Long Beach, Cal. Member, Audit Bureau Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Pub- lished every Thursday. Price United States and Possessions, Mexico, Cuba $6.00; Canada, $8.50; Foreign, Single copy, cents. Machine Tool Activity Non-Ferrous Metal Market Scrap Market and Prices Construction Steel Iron and Steel Prices Pig Iron Prices Warehouse Sales Possibilities Owned and Published CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Editorial and Office Executive Offices Chestnut and 5éth Sts. 100 East 42nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President JOS. HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, VAN DEVENTER, BAUR, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JULIAN CHASE, THOMAS KANE, HARRY DUFFY Vice-President Vice-Presideat Vice-President Vice-President CHARLES HEALE 146 147 148 150 157 158 34—THE IRON AGE, October 10, 1940 Alloy Steels Wire, Wire Heat Treated Steel Rivets, Bolts, Etc. OCT. 10, 1940 ESTABLISHED 1855 Labor and the Third Term the earmarks the dictatorial state mind the nonchalant discarding men minorities after these have served their pur- poses. Under this philosophy one indispensable except the the top.” Under dictatorship also, the method dispensing with the dis- pensables they have been used has been thorough and uncomfort- able. Many erstwhile comrades the Beer Hall Putsch, who helped him become Fuehrer, were effectively purged with bullets long before the Munich appeasement. the early days building his power, Hitler graciously accepted the aid many Non-Aryans who were influential German industry and business. After they had served his purpose they became persecuted outcasts. Union labor was strongly organized Germany before the dictator- ship and there were many skilled well unskilled workers the National Socialist party, which was original stepping stone power. them, posed emancipator the “forgotten” man. Today, and even before Munich, German labor has, and had, less free- dom action and less fullness living than convicts our American prisons. there had been tradition Germany that man should hold the reins power for more than eight years—and had been observed —there would Hitler today and there would have been rever- sion barbarism such threatened this new World War. there had been tradition Italy that man should supreme for more than eight years, there would Mussolini today and the peace-loving peasants would tilling their fields and tending their vineyards instead dying thirst African deserts. there had been tradition Russia that man should rule for more than eight years, there would today Stalin; Finland and Poland would still free and Russia might ruled its people in- There are Wars not come from the bottom but from the top down. They are not forced upon government its people; they are people its government. And back every great war, the instigator it, you will find man who con- siders himself god and who holds fast his reins office with the death grip despotism. “It happen here.” There one way make sure that won't. There one way and only one way assure continuance the American Democracy that has lived for 164 years and under which have enjoyed more freedom, happiness, peace and prosperity than any other nation earth. The way avoid the possibility dictatorship America uphold the tradition eight years Presidential power and more. uphold the principle rotation office and refuse accept the doctrine Labor has most gain upholding this principle—and most lose overthrowing it. For every rich man who loses his money and his business dictatorship, there are ten thousand wage earners who lose their freedom. | | ig | | q \ | ~ g - a | ; “It’s refreshing, job like mine, find men who really study problems —who contribute much toward solving them. You Inland men work like members our own staff—always the alert for ways improve our quality reduce our costs. find that the time spend with Inland sales representatives, metallurgists and executives time spent the advantage our good many steel buyers feel that way—and will good many more, when they discover the real meaning and value Inland Service. SHEETS TIN PLATE BARS PLATES STRUCTURALS PILING RAILS TRACK ACCESSORIES REINFORCING BARS first four months arming for defense have given industry clearer picture the obstacles building war machine powerful enough protect the nation against any combination hostile nations. example—U. industry knows that the truth about how long will take manufacture enough planes, guns and other equipment make the country completely safe from outside going make bad reading for the American public when the truth generally understood. The truth that will take long time. Naturally, industry, which has been whipping boy for politicians before and will again, not looking for- ward with cheerfulness toward the coming avalanche blame for the James Rowan News Editor, The Age ° ° ° country’s failure arm quickly. Cal- luses the heads business men, erected layer layer since 1932 master builder, are not enough dull the impact blows yet fall. Industry knows that nation cannot fight off dive bomber with well- turned sentence even fighter plane “on order.” this were the Eng- lish, who use the common language better because they have used cen- turies longer, would not sleeping bomb shelters. bomb fended off with adjective, even when the word “indispensable.” What industry knows-—and knows how provide the country with mili- tary equipment adequate defend the United States and keep safe any war countries continents—is not yet being put fullest use. What can put the country into shape for “all war defense, not yet being fully utilized. How suc- cessful the nation has been rearm- ing itself far hard measure. Defense Board Called May 29, 1940, the National Ad- visory Defense Commission was appointed President Roosevelt get the country into shape for defense. June the commission started work, its duties, outlined act Congress, being supervise and direct investigations and make recom- mendations the President and the heads executive departments with respect to: THE IRON AGE, October 10, 1940—37 | > 1—Location railroads and trans- portation facilities for poses. 2—Mobilization military and naval resources for defense. 3—Increase domestic production essential for the support the armies and the people. 4—Development seagoing trans- 5—Assembly data produc- tion and availability military sup- plies. ducers and manufacturers re- quirements supplies. 7—Creation relations which will make possible the immediate concen- tration and utilization the resources the nation. Each member the commission designated adviser the Presi- dent major aspect part the defense program, and sponsible the President for conduct- ing investigations, making recommen- dations, and facilitating the progress the defense program within his as- signment. For reasons best known Mr. Roosevelt the commission has body but real head. William Mc- Reynolds, administrative assistant the President, acts its secretary Photo by Harris-Ewing 38—THE IRON AGE, October 10, 1940 and presides when the commission meets (twice week). “We had hardly been the job month,” says William Knudsen (head the commission’s production division), “before were criticized for not showing results. Particularly airplanes. Wide publicity was given our delay signing contracts for planes and motors, for which there was perfectly good reason.” The two most important posts the defense commission are Mr. Knud- and that Edward Stettinius, Jr., former chairman Steel, now head the commission’s mate- rials division. How the defense situation looked late September Mr. Knudsen, for- mer General Motors president, who, like Mr. Stettinius, quit his job for position Washing- ton, given this summary AIRPLANES manufacturers for years had struggled with small quantities. Allied buying after the war began expanded the plane industry and when this government came along with orders for 18,000 more planes, meant ex- panding plane plants and accessory This could not done overnight. About per cent planes made here the next months will the British. Despite this expansion still are making good planes. Time for GUNS Guns, lack which hampered our military preparedness the 1914-18 war, are well under way. Present war has emphasized importance anti- aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. Our arsenals and naval gun factories are operating hr. day and private plants will add their share when they obtain the machine tools. Time for machine gun plant into opera- TANKS Tanks were big item and found that the light tanks (weighing around tons) were pretty well set de- sign and small production was under way. The expansion this case was relatively easy. the medium (30 ton) tank, practically had start with the running gear, because expe- TRANSPORTING THE ARMY Rapid expansion the Army has created problems for the Army’s Motor Division, headed Brig. Gen. Barzynski (top center light suit). Around Brig. Gen. Barzynski’s desk are grouped his assistants charge sup- plies, field operations, engineering, distribution and procurement. Below huddle the Navy’s Design Division layouts for Naval air stations. Third from the left Commander Trexel, U.S.N. design manager. i | y 3 > . - 4 rience Europe had dictated exten- sive changes armor and armament. Three responsible manufacturers have been lined make medium tanks and one make heavy (50 tons and up) tanks. Next spring summer will have medium tanks and few heavy ones. Also have allowed the British place orders. The Machine and its Critics ironic, American build- ers machine tools needed produce these planes, tanks and guns, also the ships, protect the nation, has been the about face the last months the attitude one-time critics labor-saving machinery. The change attitude the critics, some whom live Washington, may expressed like this: 1939 tax and license the machine that can't destroy jobs. The *One way widen the bottleneck machine tool production would pro- vide funds for some the smaller ma- chine tool plants expansions. their position subcon- tractors, many the machine tool com- panies whose successful operation vital defense, apparently have been overlooked the giving government financial aid for defense plant expansion. Fortunately, the machine tool industry, like the airplane industry but slighter degree, 1989 and 1940 had heavy ex- port business which prepared it, part, for the heavy current demands for its products. PLANS FOR DEFENSE Mass pro- Navy’s engineers and draftsmen made possible blueprint ma- chines like that shown the right. These machines reproduce plans the rate about minute. The operator examin- ing and trimming prints they leave the rollers. trouble with the country too many, too efficient machines. Why isn't stopped?" 1940 unpatriotic or, least, asleep. Why doesn't produce more machines, make more guns, more airplanes and more tanks. Can't the government Most important all the tangible bottlenecks machine tools and gages despite the great efforts the 150 machine tool manufacturers the United States meet the short- Mr. Knudsen has pointed out that heavy strain going placed the machine tool builders and the tool shops the United States. “The big time factor our program,” said recently, “is get the tools need. feel, however, that far machine tools are concerned, move wisely and get the proper sequence filling orders, will able come through. machine tool builders are giving 100 per cent cooperation allotting capacity and deliveries. often some statement comes out implying that manufacturers (of all kinds) are holding back and not cooperating. the four months have been Washington have talked lot manufacturers, large and small, and have still find one who was not willing everything could help the program, even the extent turning over his design motor someone else could not handle the large quantity himself. There are slackers walks life but the general statis- tics they will not run over three per cent. The American people will never back down the defense the coun- try. They will work for and will produce the stuff.” War Mongers Peace Mongers observers would place the steel and metal working industry under per cent. four months rearming since the National Advisory Defense Commission was appointed, industrial leaders the S.—the really indispensable men de- familiar role. the World War, critics (of the steel industry particu- larly) said: want war they can sell more battleships and guns and make more money. industry you will find the war the present war, critics the steel and allied industries, some them not obscure individuals, are say- ing all who will listen: THE IRON AGE, October 10, | > 4 ~ = q — "Industrial leaders the want peace. They would anything get peace. Some our outstanding busi- ness leaders are anxious make any sort peace with Hitler. industry you will find the appeasers (or peace One the many problems confront- ing American industry—the front line defense the 1939-? the dramatizing the nation’s need restoring health the domestic econ- omy (making jobs for the million idle) against competition the great- drama Europe. Yet the most im- portant step defense would the ending industrial stagnation, the revival private investment, the mak- ing jobs. Uncertainty excess legislation should have been removed earlier. Ef- forts solve this great problem not draw large crowd and perhaps many votes action the violent covery has become dull subject. Said Alfred Sloan, chairman the board General Motors, re- cent address: “The paramount issue today national defense, the ical distinguished from the economic approach the preservation our American way living. insure the doctrines democracy emerge victorious the present struggle. Any other result would catastrophe our civilization. “The more vital instruments war- fare today are the products industry. The essential pro- gram must directed those pos- sessing the technical knowledge and experience assume such responsi- bility. There room for political Let intelligently and without Mr. Sloan added that na- tional defense has become the keynote our national policy. National se- curity has become essential national confidence. The problem becomes two- fold—national defense and reconstruc- tion economic policy. The Nation's Greatest Strength early October some industrial- ists had concluded months rearming had brought out least two points regarding the posi- tion the United States warring world: 40—THE IRON AGE, October 10, 1940 i Entire Nation Must Become Interested (National Defense) com- whole problem the matter arming for defense sums itself into some very simple policies. First, essential that the whole country becomes in- terested and engaged the problem National Defense. "Second, seemed prudent, and still seems so, superim- pose the defense load the regular business the country where this does not result loss speed and third, where exist- ing facilities could used they would naturally employed first and where new plants are built the location would carefully selected insure transportation, power and water, along with the proper labor Knudsen ITS GREATEST WEAKNESS—Lack faith Washington industry and the system private enterprise. ITS GREATEST STRENGTH Best peacetime industrial equipment and industrial organization (plus, course, best resources people and raw materials). The most discouraging ceived industry during its last four months effort get into action mass production planes, tanks and guns shown the following Iron AGE news story late July: bedtime story was broadcast early Fri- day morning, July 19, from the White House. The spirit Jiminy Cricket was speaking. mellifluous voice fitting climax the battle shams Chicago flowed into affectedly plaintive cadence Franklin Roosevelt told radio listeners who had bravely resisted slumber that con- science forced him accept renomi- nation. Only the nomination would have made him yield. wanted retire private life, but conscience told him was his duty make the noble sacrifice. stacles the way getting the indus- trial machine into high gear pro- duce the necessary military equipment the coming election thrown its shadow over the last four months. Nomination Democratic candidate other than Roosevelt would have immeasurably the fears with which industry faces Nov. and after. This because industry knows that much restrictive legislation must wiped out permit “all out” industrial preparation for war. election without Roosevelt it,’ coming this time, would ob- stacle with the not insurmountable ele- vation one the gentler Berkshire hills. industry election with Roosevelt one the candidates is, the very least, Mt. Everest. Yet industry, fighting against the unbelievably difficult task making the country militarily secure short time still obliged its vital work somewhat with the feelings man squad. Progress the defense program the United States since May 29, 1940, can appraised with fair results from this weekly timetable: NEWS TIMETABLE MAY 23—Shipbuilders warn Walsh- Healey, other laws hamstring de- fense drive Roosevelt asks for 50,000 fighting planes, lion for Army, Navy. MAY 30—New Deal will seek keep firm hold United States defense program, using business men only advisory capacity. Roosevelt op- poses relaxation labor laws. JUNE 6—Defense Advisory Board of- fices are established. JUNE 13—Reduction number special steels among first problems National Defense Commission. JUNE shows con- cern over possible Column ac- tivities but shows sign relax- ing laws giving employers more freedom hiring and discharging employees. fear NLRB penalties. JUNE 27—Steel, unlike machine tool industry, has defense program far. War, Navy appropriations will help mill schedules. Price control unlikely unless enters war. Al- location, priorities subjects for fu- ture. i 3 | | | > JULY 4—Orders for military supplies soon swell large volume. Sur- veys resources, aimed avoid mistakes 1914-18, will permit early placing contracts. JULY 11—Check-up shows steel com- panies Healey minimum wage order far are little affected. Navy ready act manufacturers show reluctance bid vital amortization for plants making de- fense equipment may remove one biggest obstacles. lation will speed ordnance contracts. Excess profits tax applied all industries. JULY 25—Defense program continues embryonic stage. Public seen mis- led about production war equip- ment. Congress leaden-footed considering plant amortization legis- lation and excess profits law. AUG. 1—Roosevelt preaches the doc- trine indispensability one man —himself. Should the New Deal elected and, the country can stand the further. impact its economic policies, further crackdown business may expected. 8—National Defense Advisory Commission upset over Assistant Attorney General Thurman anti-trust activities time when industry cooperation sought for defense program. Arnold asked defer his suit against oil com- panies. AUG. 15—Administration’s attitude Estimates Steel Needed for Defense Finished steel requirements for the defense program and for the British war machine are estimated Edward Ryer- son, Inland Steel Co. chairman, follows: For the Tons British 1940 6,000,000 British 1941 6,000,000 7,000,000 57,000,000 capacity cent capacity *1943 1944. standing defense insis- tence tie with excess profits tax legislation hampers industrial ex- pansion meet nation’s needs. 22—Federal price-fixing seen rather than probability. Delay defense pro- gram laid government rather than industry. 29—Drive convince public industry isn’t cooperating national defense program opens Washing- ton. Ickes makes keynote speech New Deal effort place the blame business. SEPT. 5—Pressure groups, helped pork barrel politicians fight win new defense plants for unsuited areas. Roosevelt clears business some charges his aides, reports matter “excess profits” still SEPT. 12—Events this year disprove claims Washington that price prime factor steel demand. Taxes far higher than planned now are seen certainty. Defense cost six years may billions. SEPT. 19—Housing program provid- ing $150,000,000 end any short- age impeding national approved. Private capital expected provide two-thirds defense housing requirements. SEPT. 26—New Deal economists sup- port $20 billion lending program finance defense, oppose economies non-defense items and paying for defense heavier taxes now. OCT. 3—Roosevelt blames Congress, not business, for defense delay, but Wallace, his teammate, working other side street, declaring indus- try wants “appease” Hitler. Later the President again takes attack. examination the record the first four months defense prepara- tion, made deep circumstances such military secrecy permit, sug- gests that this period has been one “make ready.” The period actual mass production most essential war equipment not yet hand, although there are many signs that this will be- gin 1941. Output will stepped after the election regardless whether Willkie Roosevelt elected. NEW AIR BASES—Design and construction the large new naval air bases has greatly increased activity the Navy’s aviation facilities section, headed Commander Marshall, projects manager (holding tele- phone). Across from Commander Marshall Commander Bedell, assistant projects manager. Photo Harris-Ewing THE IRON AGE, October 10, | BOMAR Lieut. Col., Ordnance Department, U.S.A.; Officer-in-Charge Artillery Ammunition Department, Frankford Arsenal, artillery cartridge case shop essentially jobbing shop. Arsenal the contrast this respect between the equipment the artillery cartridge case shop and the small arms cartridge case shop very marked. the small arms cartridge drawn the light press line Frank Arsenal. Fig. l-a shows details one these cases. The medium press line designed handle the cupping and drawing cartridge cases for guns above in., and including the case shop each ma- perform certain operation one case only. There high production ca- pacity, but flexi- bility. The artillery cartridge case shop, the other hand, equipped handle great variety sizes and shapes cartridge cases three lines presses and very limited finishing machines. The ment will confront any commercial manufacturer who contemplates equip- ping his shop for artillery cartridge case work. The three press lines are referred the light press line, the medium press line, and the heavy press line. They can, between them, handle artil- lery cartridge cases any size present use the United States Army. The light press line designed cup and draw cartridge cases for all guns from minimum size slightly under in. maximum size slightly over This size refers the cali- ber the gun which approximately the same dimension the diameter the neck the cartridge case. Fig. shows group typical cartridge cases which have cupped and are cartridge cases herein detail. This article released for publication Army, and the statements and opinions are those the author and not the Ord- nance Department. cartridge cases. shows some the typical cartridge made? What are the have equipment and been made this What production can expected? All these questions are answered press line. Fig. 2-a shows details one these cases. The line designed cases in. and over, including and 105 mm. sizes. cases that have been this press line ap- pear Fig. Fig. 3-a shows details one these cases. One the first questions that usu- ally comes when press equipment for artillery cartridge case work discussed is, should press equipment hydraulic mechanical? Frank- ford Arsenal both types presses are employed. general, may said that where short strokes only are re- quired, the mechanical crank type press has definite advantages. less expensive, and, when equipped with dial feed, generally faster. the other hand, where longer strokes are required, the advantage definite- with the hydraulic. Just where the dividing line should drawn depends somewhat upon individual preference. The light press line Frankford Ar- senal all mechanical. There one | hydraulic press, which used part for the last drawing operation the light line, and part, for the same operation the medium line. The medium press line consists hy- draulic presses, except for the cupping and first draw operations, which are performed crank presses equipped with dial feeds. The heavy press line hydraulic throughout, except for the cupping operation. buying hydraulic draw presses, should remembered that addi tional length stroke adds little the cost the press and may add its field usefulness. the other hand, increase pressing speed, while maintaining the tonnage rating, presses increase stroke, main- taining the same mid-stroke tonnage capacity, runs into real money. Turning heading equipment, the knuckle joint type heading press is, the opinion the writer, the most suitable type for heading small artil- lery cartridge cases, such are drawn equipped with multi-station dial, this type press both faster and less expensive than the hydraulic type. When press requirements for the me- dium press line are considered, the buyer enters doubtful zone where the obvious advantages the hydrau- lic type heading press weighed against the factor added cost. knuckle joint type heading press frequently used this field, and when equipped with dial carrying four, six, eight heading posts, high production can obtained. the other hand, turret type hydraulic header will also give high production and will (theoretically, least) pro- duce slightly more uniform hardness through the head the case. should also, the writer believes, show longer life. regards the heavy press line, the heading press equipment definitely hydraulic. Although the equipment Arsenal consists headers the turret type carrying six head- ing posts revolving turret dial, less complicated machines are use elsewhere, which have lesser num- ber stations and are, accordingly, less expensive. There is, course, drop production capacity with the single station two-station heading press. Table shows the strokes, tonnages, production rates, and approximate cost press equipment considered suitable for the production cartridge cases and including about in. This corresponds, general, the light press line installed Arse- nal. The bulk the business handled such press line the present time would consist one more types mm. cartridge cases. However, the press line has capacity handle group representative cartridge cases which have been CAL.MKI somewhat larger cases, and serve capacity considered desirable from two standpoints. First, more trouble-free operation expected with excess capacity machines or- ders mm. cases, and second, the line prepared handle orders for larger cases that may eventually expected becomes necessary step the sizes and muzzle velocities guns this class anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons. Table shows the strokes, ton- nages, production capacities, and ap- proximate cost presses suggested press line. This press line intended primarily for mm. cartridge cases, but has reserve capacity take the smaller designs the various in. cases. Table III shows the strokes, ton- — STMM-MI6 37MM. MIT ANT! TANK AUTO GUN the light press line Frankford Arsenal. view mm. cartridge case showing operations. The light spots are drilled holes, the samples were prepared for mounting display board. THE IRON AGE, October 10, drawn | A, q c? 4 = ine, ine show- ing salt- feed. ight press BELOW RIGHT mouth anneal and wash show ion light press ing ABOVE— ABOVE oper draw the light press line. identification marks the head petre furnace and wash tank setup cartridge cases from the MPING ion medium press line. UPPER RIGHT ECIRCULATING batch type furnaces used for anneal between draws. Furnace shown Lindberg manufacture. UPPING operat TABLE I—LIGHT PRESS LINE Operation Cup (2) Anneal and cool (3) Pickle and wash First draw (5) Anneal and cool (6) Pickle and wash (7) Second draw (8) Same operation No. (9) Same operation No. (10) Third draw and wash First trim Same operation No. (13) Same operation No. (14) Fourth draw and wash Second trim Head and indent Drill primer hole First anneal for taper (19) First taper Second taper Finish machine head (22) Final mouth anneal (23) Final wash (24) Relief anneal (25) Inspect (26) Stamp and pack Operation Cup Anneal and cool (3) Pickle and wash First draw (5) Anneal and cool (6) Pickle and wash (7) Second draw (8) Anneal and cool (9) Pickle and wash (10) Third draw and wash Trim (12) Head and indent (13) Anneal for taper (14) Taper (15) Finish head (16) Final trim (17) Wash (18) Final mouth anneal Relief anneal (20) Inspect (21) Stamp and pack Machine crank press continuous type fur- nace tanks crank press same operation No. same operation No. crank press crank press hydraulic press same operation No. 600-ton knuckle joint 2-spindle Allen equal saltpeter furnace crank press crank press Coulter Automatic equal same operation No. tanks furnace benches spring trip stamp machine, Noble Westbrook, equal TABLE PRESS LINE Machine crank press recirculating batch type tanks crank press same operation No. same operation No. hydraulic press same operation No. No. hydraulic press hydraulic operation saltpeter furnace hydraulic press equal 2-spindle drill press tanks saltpeter furnace surface combustion furnace, equal benches hydraulic (Capacity include in. mm. cases) Length Strokes per Tonnage Stroke Minute Required in. in. in. in. in. in. (Capacity include in. Stroke Minute Required in. 140 in. 125 in. max. ft. per min. in. max. ft. per min. in. ft. per min. 1.5 in. in. crank type presses this figure represents midstroke capacity. Remarks dial feed min. 1100 deg. 170 deg. dial feed min. 1100 deg. 170 deg. dial feed 1100 deg. 170 deg. dial feed cases per min. 1100 deg. 170 deg. dial feed cases per min. dial feed double indexing 935 deg. F., min. dial feed dial feed cases per min. 960 deg. F., min. batch type min. 500 deg. 100 Ib. spring cartridge case} Remarks dial feed 1150 deg. per hr. max. with extra baskets per cent 170 deg. dial feed 1125 deg. F.—2000 per hr. max. per cent H.SO, 170 deg. hydraulic 1125 deg. per hr. max. per cent H.SO, 170 deg. hydraulic cases per min. hydraulic—dial feed 950 deg. F., min. dial feed cases per min. 1010 deg. F., min, conveyor type min. 590 deg. dial feed Cost Estimate Completely Installed $8000 9000 9000 9500 18000 15000 6000 6500 2700 Cost Estimate Completely Installed $12000 6000 Depends type 22000 20000 30000 19000 21000 2000 9000 46—THE IRON AGE, October 10, 1940 | i] in. | 7 | 4 | nages, production capacities, and proximate cost presses considered suitable for inclusion heavy car- tridge case line. This line would or- dinarily handle cartridge cases from the in, A.A. size and including the largest cartridge cases now being manufactured the Army Navy. could, course, handle smaller than the in., but would some sacrifice efficiency. cases further word with reference heading presses might desirable. The rating these presses knuckle joint type somewhat misleading. has been the experience Frankford that 1000-ton knuckle joint press may expected give some trouble heading mm. cartridge cases, even though the actual pressure re- quired head this particular case only 670 working tons. When the Frankford difficulties were called the attention the press manufac- turer, pointed out standing recom- mendation the effect that, general, the knuckle joint type heading press should purchased with rated ton- nage approximately double the actual working tons required the heading operation contemplated. view past experience, the writer would inclined select 1200-ton heading press for this particular cartridge case and, general, believed that same rule-of-thumb should applied buying knuckle joint type heading presses, namely, compute the work- ing tons’ pressure required, multiply and select press with rate approximating the latter figure. The working tons required will always the neighborhood tons per sq. in. head surface the finished case. Several press manufacturers have recently brought out booklets covering press requirements 2-a—Sectionalized view mm. cartridge case showing operations. The light spots are drilled holes, the samples were prepared for mounting display board. for artillery cartridge case work. Rep- resentative these are recently published the Hydraulic Press Mfg. Co., Bulletin No. 4008; and the booklet the Bliss for Press Metal Work- ing addition press equipment, the artillery cartridge case shop must equipped anneal, pickle, and wash between each draw, give final stress relief anneal, and anneal the mouth the case prior and after the tapering operation. Special ma- chine tool equipment also required for finish machining the head, drilling and reaming the primer hole, and trim ming length, both between draws and after machining. regards nealing equipment for the anneal be- tween draws, the opinion the writer that the recirculating batch type furnace particularly suitable for the larger size artillery car- tridge cases. stacked into the basket hand IG. group representative cartridge cases which have been drawn the me- dium press line Frankford Arsenal. ° ° ° . PACK a The work can readily such way that the same can carry the work through the fur- nace, and then without pause into quenching tank, and thence through the pickle and wash operations with- out transfer. With the small cases which comprise the normal load the light press line, this not practicable, since those pieces are small that not economical arrange them in- dividually hand the container. Hence, they have rumbled the acid pickle, and the subsequent washing operations, insure that all FIELD GUN THE IRON AGE, October 10, 1940—47 sy | | | x ~ § 4 ° ° ° By ah ABOVE INAL trimming operation, using Trimmer. BELOW INISH machining the head the mm. cartridge case. The machine shown New Britain-Gridley. ERE Ne ABOVE DRAW press the heavy line. The press shown has in. stroke. 9 4 ABOVE machine for finishing and trimming length. ABOVE type furnace for final stress relief anneal (500 deg. for one hour). UPPER LEFT EADING cartridge cases from the heavy press line. Heading press shown 2000-tons pacity. This capacity inadequate for some the largest cartridge cases current use. LEFT YDRAULIC stamping press for large cartridge cases showing dial feed. This press may ad- justed stamp lightly heavily desired. (Manu- factured 4 / Se liquid spilled out each individual piece. With the larger pieces which are arranged individually hand, this same object can obtained mere- tilting the container, and rum- bling necessary. Since appar- ently impossible design furnace basket large size that can suc- ing between draws artillery car- tridge cases. For the anneal prior taper, and final mouth anneal after taper, the salt pot type furnace used, the case being dipped part way into molten saltpeter the neighbor- hood 900 deg. This procedure necessary order that the mouth The last annealing operation con sists final stress relief anneal 500 deg. for approximately hr. this operation, both the continuous type furnace and batch type fur nace are successfully used Frank ford Arsenal. general, the smaller work fed through the batch type cessfully rumbled, transfer from the the case softened for the taper- baskets, while the larger furnace basket necessary before ing operation, and after, without dis- placed the moving belt the con- putting the work through the pickle turbing the hardness and other phys- tinuous type. This reverses the order and wash operation. For this reason, ical properties the head the case. which the types are used for anneal the batch type furnace loses some its advantages where small work concerned, and probable that this field continuous hearth type furnace would present certain ad- vantages. There are numerous mak- All furnaces, whether batch type q IG. 3-a—Sectionalized view heavy cartridge case show- ing operations. IRON AGE, October 1940 Pz, | between draws, and due the fact that quench pickle operation fol- lows. cartridge case, the prospective manu- facturer has wide choice equip- ment. There are the market spe- cial machines for this purpose. Such machines will the complete opera- tion finishing the head, drilling and reaming the primer hole, ming the case length, and each will take, certain changes and adjustments, variety different sizes cases. The production from such machines will run from 2000 more mm. cases hr. the smaller machines, 600 700 cases the largest sizes the large machines. The cost per machine will, general, vary from around $7,000 for the the smallest size around $12,000 for the largest size, including tooling, motors, and all other equipment. standard machines are preferred, these are available single spindle models number makers, and multi-spindle models such mak- ers New Britain-Gridley Machine Division the New Britain Machine Co., the Bullard Co., ete. Costs and figures can readily se- cured from the makers but, gen- eral, may said that the standard multi-spindle machines will give ap- proximately times the production the special machines referred above. The standard machines, how- ever, will not trim length, and separate setup must resorted where such machines are used. two- spindle, vertical drill press being used for this purpose Frankford Arsenal. With such drill press, production 4000 5000 mm. other sized cases per 8-hr. shift readily obtained. And now word about the pickle and wash tank equipment. The cheap- est equipment for this purpose prob- ably the wooden tank with lining lead where the acid pickle solution used. This, however, has rela- tively short life, and recent years the steel tank has largely supplanted it. This steel tank made from weld- sections plate. The particular tank that contains the acid pickling solution (10 per cent sulphuric acid) rubber lined prevent corrosion, and the rubber lining covered acid-proof brick lining joined with acid-proof cement. This lining brick required prevent abrasion and also act temperature gra- dient, since the acid maintained (OR fe Fig. WATER TANK Body tape HOT Setup, THE IRON AGE, October 10, CKLE and Wash, ank Equipment Production Cartridge Cases. These Are the Set-ups Employed Frankford Arsenal | q COLD WATER SOLUTION TANK SOAP CHiPs TANK CLEANER SALT COLD TANK COLD PETER WATER R.S. WATER WATER FURNACE TANK CLEANER TANK TANK WATER SULPHURIC ACID Soap CHIPS TANK | > FURNACE TABLE III—HEAVY PRESS LINE in. A.A. cases and larger) Cost Estimate Length Strokes Completely Operation Machine Stroke Minute Required Remarks Installed Cup and wash crank press 400 $25000 Anneal and cool recirculating batch 1150 deg. F.—2000 6000 type per hr. max. with three extra baskets (3) Pickle and wash tanks 170 deg. (4) First draw and wash hydraulic press in. ft. per min. 200 hydraulic 25000 (5) Same operation F.—2000 No. per hr. max. (6) Pickle and wash same operation per cent No. 170 deg. (7) Second draw and hydraulic press in. ft. per min. 150 hydraulic 23000 wash (8) Anneal and cool same operation 1125 deg. F.—2000 No. per hr. max. (9) Pickle and wash same operation per cent No. 170 deg. (10) Third draw and wash hydraulic press in. ft. per min. 125 hydraulic 21000 Anneal and cool same operation 1125 deg. F.—2000 No. per hr. max. ickle and was same operation per cent No. 170 deg. draw and was raulic press per min, ydraulic (14) Trim Henderson, equal ead and indent ydraulic press max. 3300 ydraulic—dial fee (15) Head and ind hydrauli hydraulic—dial feed 65000 (16) Anneal for taper saltpeter furnace 950 deg. min. (17) Taper hydraulic press in. ft. per min. 125 dial feed 30000 (18) Machine head and Coulter semi-auto- trim matic (19) Tap Haskins only required cer- tain cases (20) Final wash tanks (21) Stamp hydraulic hydraulic—dial feed 10000 (22) Relief anneal furnace conveyor type; min. 500 deg. (23) Inspect and pack benches crank type presses this figure represents midstroke capacity. temperature 160 deg. 180 deg. considered desirable that the cold lent manner articles that have The for the pickling operation. entire pickling line, exclusive the quenching tank, where such tank required bring work from furnace temperature room temperature, con- sists the following: (1) Pickling tank. (2) Cold water (3) Soap wash tank. (4) Hot water tank. 52—THE IRON AGE, October 1940 water rinse tank adjacent the acid pickling tank the same construc- tion the acid tank, since certain amount acid carried over. sketch the setup used ford Arsenal appears Fig. much for the equipping the cartridge case shop. regards the tooling and the details operation, these have been covered excel- appeared recently, particularly the arti- cles Lerro the February, 1940, issue the Modern Industrial Press, and recent issue American Machinist. Other articles interest are that Sergius Brootzkoos ap- pearing American Machinist, Feb. 1940, and that Devons which appeared the Metal Indus- try, Apr. 1937. | 4 ° | present scheme for training unemployed men for work the British armament industries really dates back the end the last war, when various schemes for training disabled ex-service men, fit them for return peace time industry, were organized the Government. These were, however, purely emergency measures and properly coordinated plan for indus- trial training was evolved until sev- eral years later. was not until 1925 that the first Government training center was estab- lished with the object helping un- employed young men who, owing the economic depression, had little fit themselves for steady and useful life. early stages the scheme was specially adapted meet the needs men from the special and de- pressed areas the north England, whose prospects early employment their home areas were not good, but who could, after receiving the necessary training, hope secure em- ployment other parts the coun- try. More recently recruiting for the centers was thrown open suitably employed men from all over the coun- try and the whole scheme has been expanded provide training for 30,- 000 men every year centers strategically situated throughout the main industrial areas Great Britain. Before the outbreak training given suitable applicants was quite catholic range and scope and men had wide choice trades. Since September, 1939, drastic changes have been made the curriculum and all the centers are now concentrating training semi- skilled men who can play useful part increasing the output vital industries. Training given manship, fitting, instrument making, machine operating, panel beating and sheet metal working, electric and oxy- acetylene welding, gas and hot water fitting and coach body building. Men the centers are expected take this training the serious thing that is. They must keep regular “clocking and out.” atmosphere that the factory and the instructors encourage men re- gard themselves employees engineering works and subject, there- fore, the usual rules and regula- tions the modern workshop. The length the course normally three five months, but varies according the progress made the individual and the kind work going do. The training consists tensive course practical men. The latest types machines are in- stalled the centers and both equip- ment and methods are kept date, that trainees will able ino industry with the latest knowledge. the case machine operating, now one the most important courses, full instruction given all types turning, milling, grinding, capstan op- erating, shaping, drilling, The men are also taught how work from blueprints and fine limits accuracy means the micrometer. Practical work lathes mented lectures and the men are encouraged make good use note- books for drawing tools, that they become thoroughly conversant with the various shapes and sizes, etc. The fitting course teaches up-to-date work- shop practice, care and use tools, JOHN Staffordshire, England Ps, & q “4 3 | : 5 LEFT ACHINE operating shop British Government training center, Walford, Herts. jigs, templates, scribing blocks, mi- crometer and vernier gages, etc. very important course the mo- ment instrument making. This similar that fitters, but the work naturally lighter and finer and more specialized and includes work small precision machines. Men for this type work must necessarily possess ex- cellent eyesight and applicants are ex- amined oculists before acceptance. Two popular courses the moment panel beating and sheet metal working. Full instruction tice given setting out and making all types tanks, cisterns, cowls, body work for cars and aeronautical components, rolling and shaping, edge wiring, fitting, soldering and riveting. The courses oxy-acetylene weld ing and electric welding are very com- prehensive. The former covers the use blow-pipes and gages and the main- given welding various metals, including low pressure welding and oxy-acetylene cutting. The course electric welding com- prises everything from preparing the together, also the handling the equipment and the striking, maintain- ing and breaking the are. Practice given various metals and the use direct and alternating current welding parts. Metal polishing, very important course direct interest Britain’s aircraft industry, includes the care and = — = >. course welding very popular and very large number welders are now required the aircraft and shipbuilding industries. maintenance machines and_ bobs, use abrasive materials, glazing for nickel plating and scurfing. The hours training hr. week and these are now being the maximum number men can handled any one center. Men take their turn week week working the early morning late night shifts. Allowances are paid men while they are training. Those who have leave home attend the center are provided with the cost lodging the extent $3.80 and $1.20 per week pocket money. married man now receives for himself, which $3.80 goes the cost his lodging; $5.40 for his wife; 80c. for each his first two children and 60c. for each subsequent child. For example, mar- ried men with two children receive each week, while training, $12, which $3.80 goes for the payment lodgings. addition, each man training receives free mid-day meal and free fares the center and his place employment after training. man attends center within reasonable traveling distance his surance benefit, entitled it, equivalent amount per week not, plus personal allowance 40c. per week. This amounts $3.50 for self, for wife, for first child and 50c. for others. also re- ceives traveling expenses. (Amounts payable are subject increases ac- cording cost living.) Other facilities offered men training include four days leave those taking six months’ course, after four and one-half five months their period training have elapsed. Men who have satisfactorily Government training center and who are either placed find work them- selves the occupation for which they have been trained, are also able receive assistance meet the cost removing their dependents and household effects the area which they are employed. Since May, 1940, the field re- cruiting for the training centers has been greatly extended. Suitable men who are now employment, but who are not reserved for military service the Schedule Reserved Occupa- tions, are now being invited volun- teer for course training. All suitable men, aged over, who have not already registered under the National Services Act, may accepted for all training trades except coach body building, gas and hot water fitting and machine operating, for which trades only men aged over and men under who have been placed Grade the medical boards operating un- der the National Services (Armed Forces) Act, may accepted. man registered for military service under the National Services (Armed Forces) Act may accepted for training only has been classified Grade III the medical board. Men ex- empt from military service the Schedule Reserved Occupations are not normally accepted for training, THE IRON AGE, October 10, | f but exceptions are being made for cer- tain trades badly hit tions. Thus compositors, normally exempt from military service 30, are badly hit restrictions placed the use paper and large num- ber unemployed linotype and mono- sembly work. These men are particu- larly well fitted for all engineering jobs which call for finger dexterity and quick intelligence. Another class entrant the unskilled man dustries. offered the opportu- type operators are now being trained for machine operating and light as- nity re-enter industry semi- skilled machinist, with 100 per ‘ ENCH fitters the Letchworth training center. Supervision work very thorough and the gen- ment training center. cent better prospects pay and ad- vancement. The whole been reorientated and made very flex- ible absorb idl