The Iron Age 1939-05-18: Vol 143 Iss 20

FRITZ FRANK President VAN DEVENTER Editor ROWAN News Editor E. WRIGHT Editor FINDLEY Editor Emeritus Vochineru Editor Art Rditor Associate Editors Washington Editor Resident District Editors Pittaburah Chicago Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents RICE-OXLEY London, England Cincinnati FRAZAR Boston Hamburg, Germany Milwaukee CHARLES San Francisco SANDERSON Toronto, Ontario ASA ROUNTREE, Jt Birmingham LEROY W. ALLISON Newark, J St. Louis TURNER, JR. Ruffale Owned and Published hy CHILTON COMPANY Editorial and Publication Office Executive Offices Chestnut and 56th Philadelphia, Pa. New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President Vice-President Vice-President Vice-President Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS. JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE EVERIT TERHUNE, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JOHN VAN DEVENTER, JULIAN CHASK THOMAS KANE, CHARLES BAUR, Vetallurgical Editor ARDI BINGHAM MCINTOSH Roy 239 West 39th CARROLL BUZBY, FAHRENDORF BAUR, General Advertising Manuger DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member Associated Business Papers Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 year. Single copy, cents. Cable Address, Y.’’ ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bldg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bidg., Phila. H. K. Hottenstein, 1012 Otis Bidg., Chicago H. E. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St.. New York Peirce 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit W. B. Robinson D. C. Warren. P. 0. Box 81. Hartford. Conn MAY 18, 1939 Threat the Machine Job That Needs Your Help Silence Gives Consent German Metallurgical Problems Leveling Peaks and Valleys Power Boiler Indian Furnace Revamped Chromium Plating Tractor Parts for Wear Resistance Casing and Water Pit Trap Tumbler Dust Metallurgical Aspects Superfinish Record Size Flywheels Weigh Tons Each Industry the Fair the Assembly Line Washington News THE NEWS BRIEF Weekly Ingot Operating Rate Rate Activity Capital Goods Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying Products Advertised Just Between Two Index Advertisers Copyright 1939 Chilton Company 116 122 122 138 148 149 174 at 4 to | AGT ral ids for has ist- Ave- Man.. s for Allegheny Ludlum offers complete service all stainless alloys—chrome nickel straight chromium types. Space does not permit list- ing every grade, but full information the numerous modifications meeting the specific chemical and physical requirements your processes always readily available. This valuable data has been compiled over many years our research and metallurgical de- partments, and typical the thorough cooperation offered this organization. Technical bulletins describing these various types Allegheny Stainless Steel will sent upon request. WAREHOUSE STOCKS PRINCIPAL CITIES ALLEGHENY STAINLESS STEEL GRADES CHROME NICKEL TYPES Fifteen standard grades and many modifications are available led breadth application Allegheny Metal 18-8— used everywhere for its maximum resistance corrosion and gleaming, permanent beauty surface and Allegheny Metal 25-12—-widely employed the most readily workable alloy combining high temperature resistance with high strength. Available industry all standard commercial forms and quantities. STRAIGHT CHROMIUM TYPES Nineteen Allegheny grades and several modifications afford assurance finding the correct type for your purpose. Three these grades, outstanding general service industry, are: Allegheny 46—for applications requiring combined strength temperature, corrosion resistance and facility fabrication; Allegheny 17—for resistance chemical and atmospheric corrosion joined with facility fabrication; Allegheny maximum temperature resistance, where fabrication demands are moderate. ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL CORPORATION 4 4g = 4 4 | THE IRON AGE ... MAY 18, 1939 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 143, No. editorial insert commencing page This the first six graphic presenta- tions which will portray time-saving machinery its true employment creator. the time that this series completed, will give sufficient factual proof convince any reasonable man that the existing unemployment not due mechan- ization but the fact that have overbalanced and destroyed the machine's con- structive time-savings profligate squandering the accumulated savings past decades. And what more important that not change the attitude the public toward the machine and put stop efforts further handicap it, may well find ourselves, few years, back the producing and consuming level in- stead the level 1899 which have now retrogressed since 1930. have seen Threat the which the subject the special important, believe, that these facts shall spread widely possible. shall see that they are given broad distribution possibly can give them,’ through newspapers, through sending them state and national legislators and molders public opinion everywhere. simplified and more popular form, they will also made available millions who visit the New York World's Fair. You can help spread this much needed gospel. See that the leaders thought your community are put possession the facts. announced page are making reprints available which you can place where you think they the most good. See that the editors and publishers your local newspapers have these facts called their attention personal contact. Doubtless they will receive our press re- leases this subject, but there nothing more effective than the personal follow-up. receipt request, shall glad send you copy the condensed press release prepared for this purpose. One more way which you can help, and big one. are living machine age. What have owe mechanization, very largely. time-saving machin- ery. Your own products could not made without them and sold their price. should proud time-saving machinery our plants; proud call atten- tion the fact that use widely possible. Why not tell the public about it? you are maker and seller nationally advertised product, suggest that you run line every advertisement, put every circular and each page every catalog. slogan reading Machines Made This Product. Making This Product Made....... Think what that slogan, when associated with hundreds products that are considered indispensables, would mean the public. And think what the repeti- tion this thought, day after day hundreds places would public thinking with respect machinery. Job That Needs YOUR Help 7 Goes Production with INLAND LEDLOY Here’s another impressive record made Inland Ledloy 47% increase hourly production small gear blanks. Formerly, cold rolled SAE X-1315 was used, automatic lathe with spindle speed 332 r.p.m. Pro- duction: pieces per hour. FASTER WITH LEDLOY With Inland Ledloy 1020-90, spindle speeds were stepped 407 Production: 112 pieces per hour. There was noticeable difference machining Ledloy. The chips were short and crisp. Regular carburization produced uniformly hard case with soft spots irregularities. YOU CAN SAVE WITH LEDLOY You can expect these same important savings your own machining operations when you use Ledloy. Isn’t worth trial order for test, obtain these advantages: machining speeds increased 30% 100%. tool life lengthened 50% 200%. ton steel machined. Inland Ledloy the original lead-bearing steel developed Inland metallurgists, and announced the 1938. each SAE analysis Ledloy possesses the physical characteristics ordinary steel—except for better machinability and slightly reduced grain size. sensible step toward enjoying money savings call Inland—or write for Inland Ledloy Bulletin (No.50.) INLAND LEAD-BEARING STEELS INLAND PRODUCTS INCLUDE: SHEETS STRIP FLOOR PLATES STRUCTURALS PILING RAILS TRACK ACCESSORIES REINFORCING BARS TIN PLATE BARS PLATES a r [== 4 HERE old proverb the effect that “Silence gives con- What does this have with the machine tool industry industry along with industry general, has for some time been under attack. Repeatedly the charge has been made that machines destroy jobs. Again and again the public has been told that employers buy new ma- chinery and equipment order that they workmen out the street and thereby reap higher profits. there answer this sort accusation? course there answer, and good one. You and know that mechanization leads always, the long run, both increased employment and lower prices for the comforts and conveniences that raise the standard living. But what industry doing pre- sent this answer the public? What particular the machine tool indus- try doing this direction? Unless sound answer adequately presented, can not blame the public assumes that “silence gives con- WENDELL WHIPP President and General Manager, Mon- arch Machine Tool Co., Sidney, Ohio; President, National Machine Tool Builders’ Association Why should the machine tool indus- try worry about this situation? Ma- chine tools are not sold the public. They are sold Makers machine tools are never- theless vitally interested this picture for two reasons: tool builders have enough sales resistance overcome, is. the force public opinion consistently resists further mechaniza- tion, this adds additional ammunition the sales defense the manufac- turer who persistently says “no.” Second—and this infinitely more important—sales resistance the buy- ing machine tools based largely upon lack confidence the future. Lack confidence based upon polit- ical and legislative uncertainty. Polit- ical and legislative uncertainty are hased upon the beliefs and the atti- tudes the people who vote. the voters this country were convinced that progress mechan- ization, including the replacement obsolete tools new and modern machine tool equipment, would aid the solving our social and economic problems, firm conviction that public opinion would rapidly force vital changes the Government’s at- titude toward business, and thereby foster confidence the future which would promote the buying machine tools. impossible separate the out- look for the machine tool industry from the current state public opin- ion. long public opinion damns mechanization, will have laws im- peding mechanization upon the part prospective buyers. can sell the public the fact that mechanization is, the long run, conducive the welfare all the people, the shift the wind would take place almost over night. THE IRON AGE, May = A worth eloped dustry same for its review the many and complex rea- sons which contributed the fact that mechanization has fallen into dis- repute with the public. The important question one how mechanization can contrive once more regain the public mind the high favor which formerly stood. the last few years, American in- dustry whole and many individual industries such the machine tool industry have made strenuous efforts that they have made very substantial progress. have the highest regard, for instance, for the accomplishments the National Association Manu- facturers along this line. The machine tool industry has likewise, within the limitations its size and scope operations, done much this direction. Straight-Forward Story The story told the Machine Tool Builders well the National Association Manufacturers has been honest and straight-forward story. Both have endeavored set forth before the American public the facts that research, invention and mechan- ization, instead leading bloated profits and smaller employment, have led fact increased employment and lower prices for the comforts and conveniences which measure the standard living. The machine tool industry partic- ular has had remarkably effective story tell this respect. The net accomplishment machine tools has been make possible the production better products lower cost—with consequent increased employment. And yet, for some reason, the story industry whole, and the machine tool industry particular, does not yet seem have captured the understanding the general public. quite true that the people this country have today begun ques- tion seriously the theories social and economic reform which have long been dangled before them the theorists Washington. Obviously these theories have not worked. The people today seem somewhat bewil- dered their failure. They seem last have general conception the fact that their own personal pros- perity dependent upon the prosper- ity business—but they still appear Business has not yet succeeded get- ting over the public the relation- ship between progressive mechaniza- tion and progressive prosperity. What the reason for this stale- 66—THE IRON AGE, May 1939 mate Why it, for instance, that the public now beginning admit, the one hand, that business must forward all are regain pros- perity, and, the other hand, still suspects that further mechanization and modernization mean further tech- nological unemployment, profits for the few the expense the many The only answer can see that business has failed make plain the relationship between mechanization and the welfare the individual citi- zen. People realize now that order have ample payrolls and prosperity must have good business. But they not yet understand that order have good business must have progressive mechanization. They not yet realize that research, invention and mechanization are not merely the parents better standards living, but are also the parents lower prices and better wages. What's Wrong Here? What wrong this picture? Somehow industry has thus far failed paint its portrait such way that all the people can understand. seeking for explanation, have come the conclusion that the chief difficulty has lain the fact that industry has assumed extent public knowledge and understand- ing which does not fact exist. The machine tool industry, for in- stance, has told the public repeatedly how machine tools have cut the prices countless devices which add human comfort and the long increase the number men employed, But what machine tool? How many people actually know what machine tool is? Just couple weeks ago nation- ally known woman author visited the plant leading turret lathe The executive conducting her through the plant proudly pointed out her the company’s current line machines. “Are these the things you sell?” she asked. nodded. “But what the world are they?” she queried. “Turret lathes,” responded. “Turret lathes?” she echoed, vague way. “Well what are they for, and what they do?” For some years past this woman has been writing, for national magazines, articles the subject employment, standard living, and welfare mankind. And yet further discussion with this author revealed the fact that never her entire life had she had the slight- est comprehension what machine tool was, what did. She had never even had any conception the significance the principle inter- changeability parts. The whole chapter the function machine tools the American scheme living had remained her closed book. Not long ago happened get discussion with man who for many years wrote the business reviews pub- lished outstanding midwestern bank. confessed that the first time undertook write re-. view the machine tool industry thought that machine tools were tools used keep machines such monkey wrenches and screw drivers. What's Engine Lathe? short time ago gentleman acquaintance was seeking est representative national broadcasting company the radio able importance the course discussion the term “engine lathes” came up. “What Sam Hill engine lathe?” said the broadcaster. heard it.” Not long ago prominent banker had occasion visit our own plant the course his visit con fessed that spite the fact that his bank had for many years carried the W 7 ¢ builders, never yet had been inside machine tool plant. Now, national writers social and economic affairs, bank reviewers, people who govern radio broadcasts, and practical bankers, not know what machine tool what does—what can you expect the general public? course the thousands men who work our industrial plants know exactly what machine tool and what does. But these people not constitute the majority our population. What about the professional men? What about the people engaged retailing? What about the farmers? And more important than all these put together—what about the women who never get inside factory, but who represent all-powerful element public opinion, and whose votes are just important are those our entire male population? What Weight Argument? Are these people who know nothing about machine tools—who have not the slightest conception what they are what they do—in the least affected the statement that machine tools make modern conveniences avail- able the public lower prices, and over period time increase employ- ment Such arguments not reach these people, because they not yet know what machine tool and what does. The industry must explain that machine tools remove that they remove metal order make the parts which are assembled into modern comforts and conveniences—and that without sufficient accuracy permit interchangeability parts and mass production, modern comforts and con- veniences simply could not given the public today’s prices. With this finally made plain, the industry then could proceed pound home the story how prices consumer products down productivity in- creases, and employment mounts lower prices continue attract broader volume. must admit that most the public does not understand machine tools, the fault has lain largely with the machine tool industry itself. Only natural that machine tool build- selling only manufacturers and not the general public, should not hitherto have been particularly exer- over public education public opinion, Furthermore, great deal the terminology which has been employed the machine tool industry has con- tributed faulty interpretation upon the part the public. have said that machine tools “cut labor The assumption the public has been that manufac- turer installs machine tool which will the work formerly done men, and throws men out employ- ment. You know, and know, that when refer “cutting labor costs” are talking terms “labor cost per piece product produced.” through the use machine tools, can cut the production costs product, can likewise cut his selling price. doing may increase his volume. The fact that countless num- bers cases manufacturer, cut- ting his “labor has actually been able increase immediately his number men employed. has cut his production costs his product —and thereby added his market, his volume, and his employment. Increased Productivity But the phrase “cutting labor costs” unfortunate expression. What machine tool builders have offer “increased productivity per man employed.” Another way stating say that machine tools can cut production costs and thereby cut sell- price. course this process machine tools also add profit. But not believe for moment that the Ameri- can public will resent profits, these profits are gained reduction sales price, increase volume, and increase employment. Machine tools have been known the world devices. The phrase “labor-saving” has been given unfortunate twist so-called social reformers. The connotation the phrase has been that men are fired and their places taken machines. think time that not only ma- chine tool builders, but all industrial- ists, should endeavor present the phrase “labor-saving” the American public terms its true meaning. “labor-saving” device literally device which saves labor. Machine tools constitute perfect example. the use machine tools labor per- formed which, the old days, re- quired literally the strain and sweat thousands workmen. Today ma- chines the hard work which formerly was done men. All that men have today manipulate levers—the machines the work. sition present all these facts and ideas effectively the American pub- lic. these days—with many items clamoring for the attention every reading and listening person, the newspapers and the ef- fort must brought bear upon educational program, this program make any substantial dent upon public consciousness. hope, however, that the ma- chine tool industry will creased emphasis upon permanent program education the American public. think that the industry must make clear the people this country what machine tool is; what does; and why conducive the progress and prosperity mankind. Concrete Proof Wanted The people have had laid before them every possible sort conflicting theory, every imaginable type pan- acea, every conceivable plan pointing way out the wilderness. group which intends expects convince the American public its way thinking must advance clear- cut proofs terms which any person can understand, and press these proofs upon the attention tired and be- wildered public. That, mind, the major challenge before the machine tool in- dustry today. THE IRON AGE, May actual’ ine | has this had the ter- any the ir— rew iter- onal adio der- the gine 7 nker ssed generally speaking, mare every iron metallurgist and blast furnace considering that these produce cold brittleness and red shortness when present iron. During blast furnace operation, the pig iron absorbs sulphur large quantities and therefore the desulphurizaton pig iron, after tapping off and prior its further working, the utmost importance. and sulphur are, Desulphurization carried out Germany means the sodium car- bonate process, which yields very low sulphur content the pig iron, required. practical operation, the most beneficial ratio found about 0.8 per cent obtain thorough chemical reaction, steady stream sodium carbonate poured the liquid pig iron during the whole tapping procedure, some- what lower tapping temperature con- tributing better desulphurization. The best time period for the chemical reaction about min., which should not exceeded because resulphurization danger. down iron losses much possible, carbon admixture the amount per cent the quantity has given satisfactory results. This process has been improved considerably the use hot liquid sodium carbonate, which not only facilitates desulphuri- zation but also considerably reduces heat losses during the reaction. Desulphurization the sodium car- bonate process had its beginnings simultaneously Germany and Great Britain, where had been initiated the well known firm Brassert Co.; the meantime this process making its way all over the Continent. This particular method affords also another essential advantage: fully eliminates the need for extra addi- tion manganese ore (which Ger- many must purchase from abroad) the burden mixture the blast fur- nace, and thus accordingly does away with the monopolistic position certain countries owning most the manganese ore deposits rather interesting and desirable consequence modern metallurgical achievement. Sodium metasilicate likewise has strong desulphurizing effect pig 68—THE IRON AGE, May 18, 1939 iron, while addition lime the metasilicate will considerably improve this effect view the fact that the lime combines with the silicic acid. Another desulphurization results from admixture stron- tianite the limestone flux, there being far during the smelting process the blast furnace than would possible with the limestone addition alone. addition, there brought about improvement the pig iron quality. The only method for converting very large quantities pig iron into steel reasonably low costs the basic Bessemer process, and when steel made from pig iron secured from low grade ores the refining Bessemer converters, with the appli- cation compressed air for the re- moval detrimental components oxidation, must used also the future. interesting note that ous flow principle has 0 ( 4 However, German low ores usually also contain tively high amount silicic acid, and this fact has compelled German grade iron compara- metallurgists discard customary blast furnace operation with abundant basic slags, which has been accepted the world over for nearly century. may stated this connection that Germany the age-old blast furnace processes have been taken again, when low grade ores with and high silicic acid content were worked profitably, notwithstanding the fact that the slag contains silicic acid the extent about per cent. The change-over the smelting acid iron ores, well slags entirely different nature, have brought forth quite few new problems, for instance reduction heavy iron losses slags with high acid percentage within the blast furnace. Furthermore, smelting poor iron ores, and especially those from the Salzgitter area, with compatatively low phosphorous content, led the problem how successfully such pig iron without the admixture phosphates basic slags. developed, which makes use fining vessel designed accordance with the latest practical experiences. This vessel converts pig steel, the liquid pig iron being brought continuously one end the vessel and discharged refined state its other end. This process, moreover, said yield the valuable element vanadium, very important steel refin- ing component, and one which ranks with manganese, tungsten, chrome, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum alloying element. German Dogger ores and other ore deposits are said contain fairly considerable percentages vanadium, which can recovered sufficiently large amounts substantially reduce the consumption other steel fining materials. Further problems are: vanadium recuperation from basic Bessemer pig iron, the use other manganese-containing ores instead high-gtade and expensive manganese, and the production pig iron tain but small amount manganese. The scarcity alloy metals man mineral resources for steel fining materials has caused compre hensive researches into the effect alloying elements steel. Excellent results are said have been obtained with regard case hardened and annealed steels the basis alloys with very low nickel content. Also, according available reports, high-grade heat resisting steels are being produced without any admixture nickel, while high speed steels are obtained with insignificant percent- age tungsten tungsten all, there being small additions molyb- denum and vanadium. ores tend develop heavy dust forma- tion within the furnace. Comprehensive large-scale practical tests have been carried out German smelting and iron works order overcome all these culties. This work has resulted the knowledge that prior the smelting the raw ore must submitted suitable dressing treatment consisting roasting, sintering calcining. There obtained thereby consider- able saving coke limestone Another German metallurgical prob- lem the recovery sulphur and zinc by-products when working low grade ores with poor lime and high sulphur percentage and showing, moreover, some spelter. The latest Four Year Plan makes compulsory the smelting poor in- land iron ores. This requirement has resulted drop pig iron pro- duction estimated about per cent the total output. This not bear- able from economic point view. The reason obvious: bulky ore burdens with small percentage had placed within useful blast furnace space designed for normal and which evidently had become too restricted for the new kind smelting process. Therefore, mea- sures were taken which, part, dif- fer very much from former operating conditions view the poor iron and lime content the ore requiring far bulkier ore burden, with stone and higher coke consumption, besides the resulting large slag quan- all which meant overload the available furnace space. the other hand, the troublesome fact had coped with that some inland consumption, with reduced mation the blast furnace, and improvement the same time the content. has thus become pos- sible increase output and keep down production costs. Another auxiliary this result was the application oxygenated blast air, air with added oxygen volume, and this has also contributed reduce coke con- sumption and increase said that with this method there coke, compared with normal blast air operation, and the furnace stated have been enhanced some per cent. The pre- liminary dressing and burnt lime ad- mixture apply also the Salzgitter ores, and has lowered their smelting costs accordingly. The fuel saving problem has led intensified utilization blast fur- nace gases for the aforementioned dressing work, the gases accruing huge quantities from inland ore smelt- ing. Operating data several lime kilns fired with these blast fur- nace gases have shown that the lime thus burnt fully suitable for smelt- ing purposes, affording even certain advantages, for in- stance reduction sodium carbonate consumption for desulphurization. The useful disposal the increas- ing slag accumulations result the forcibly stepped-up poor inland ore confronted German metallur- gists with yet another problem. Slags acid smelting have been found suitable for the making paving stones and the slag originating with sodium may used glass production. Fur- thermore, seems that the blast fur- nace foam slag will yield convenient material for structural concrete and for lime fertilizers. Salzgitter ore smelting tests, mixed slags, mixture acid and basic slag, has turned out valuable road construction material, while gran-, ulation tests acid slag are said have given quite satisfactory results. most countries with rich iron ore leposits, steel production consider- ably higher than pig iron output view the fact that steel-works are using scrap for their furnace charges rather large quantities, along with pig iron. Scrap Germany averaged during the past few years about per cent the iron yield from smelted ores. With technical devel- opment progressing apace, the demand for iron and steel will increase accord- ingly and cqnsequently the importance scrap will enhanced keen competitor iron ore. Only that quantity iron and steel which entirely destroyed atmospheric cor- rosion and oxidation should con- sidered total loss national economy. Therefore, energy directed toward the production rust-proof and corrosion resisting grades iron and steel—at reasonable market price—another nut crack for metal- lurgists Germany and abroad. Mining engineering con- stantly being called upon Germany increase the utmost iron ore extraction lowest possible costs, and dressing engineers are busy dis- covering the best and least expensive procedure furnish suitable smelting ore. These are few the most urgent problems actually prevailing the metallurgic activities Germany, but many other problems exist which cannot considered the present time. THE IRON AGE, May 18, 1939—69 len re- the hat re- nce nto sel in- ne, ore rly 1m, re- sic her er- re- WHERE necessary accurately read WESTON INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE GAUGES you can have readable temperature gauges wherever you use indicating thermometers for these gauge-type WESTONS are available for all standard wells and fittings. Mounted overhead equip- ment out-of-the-way places ... they are more conveniently, more easily read because their large, round scales and bold scale markings. They provide other advantages, too, equally im- portant. They resist breakage, because their all-metal construction. They maintain their accu- racy because the scientific WESTON all-metal temperature element, which also resists damage from over-temperatures. And their stainless steel stems assure long life where corrosion present. booklet available giving complete data these sturdy, easy-to-read thermometers. sure send for your copy. Weston Electrical Instrument Corp., 654 Frelinghuysen Avenue, Newark, New Jersey. WESTO INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE GAUGES IRON AGE, May JUST BETWEEN Beating the Gun all the salty remarks credited Smith, the this “Don't get too far ahead the parade one will leading Which makes suspect that your favorite family practice being the first, usually, break the news important developments has its weaknesses. Sometimes the cylinder full compression. for that sparkling series Super finish ran last September. explode nearly loudly thought should have, but six months later, the Amer Tool Engineers’ convention, the Little Egypt the Incidentally, this 17-page series still, believe, the most definitive report available Superfinishing. you want reprint it, mail dime cover postage, and will dust off copy. Not Separate Apart Chrysler people did not make our mistake waited until Superfinish was full introducing “These Superfinished discs are smooth they adhere Eat Crow Speaking inexact expression, slip ours brought ful rap the knuckles from the editor well-known house organ issued Ohio manufacturing firm. recent item gave the impression that believe who receive house organs should asked they wish con tinue. house organ sales weapon, what intended sav, and was that those the mailing list neither customers nor prospects asked every now then whether they wish continue address this question those who can use advantage would equivalent asking, continue sell belongs the same category with the command, Please tell your salesman stop calling.” Both are termites the structure private terprise. Fortunate Machinery Builder Next week will publish the first series six articles the job-creating power modern equipment. manufacturer who was apprized that fact writes: “We are not interested. have rather small factory and are fortunate having practically makes machinerv—floor His Kampf For vears now purist the staff this journal conducting one-man campaign against the word “proven” past participle Whenever creeps into any out own advertising letters blue pencils and notes “The word the second word the verdict.” “Proven,” being easier tongue and ear, rapidly replacing the harder form. thought was something new, but that this journal, alwavs quick sense trend, emploved far back Jan. 23, 1873, the phrase, not factorily Kidney Punch for Grammar But that might not prove anything, our founder one let grammar get his way when had something had quite tussle with the word “firm,” meaning business, and could not quite make his mind whether was noun with the plural form verb, giving birth such Puzzle Pick three matches, place them and reduce the number squares four. Par four minutes. Mrance inated WESTON 250 >» S 50 4 applic applic ng. no rn imken IRON AGE Modern Seamless Tube Mills Tapered Roller TIMKEN BEARING EQUIPPED A symbol of quality for any piece of equipment 9 1 with which it is associated me} | Close modern Timken Bearing Equipped piercing mill built Aetna-Standard Engineering Company and operated the Youngstown Sheet Tube Company. application TIMKEN Tapered Roller Bearings moving parts assured, operating speeds can the greatest improvements ever made higher maintenance costs are lower power cing equipment for the production seamless consumption reduced. ng. fact the use TIMKEN Bearings has you are considering the purchase new seam- piercing mill efficiency such extent less tube mill make sure that will truly modern mill can called really modern unless now and for many years come—specify Timken imken Bearing Equipped. Bearing Equipped. KEN Bearings are used piercing mill roll necks thrust blocks promote greater accuracy, and economy. With friction and wear inated; radial, thrust and combined loads ade- taken care of; and permanent alignment ROLLER BEARINGS TIMKEN ROLLER BEARING COMPANY, CANTON, OHIO 18, 1939 4 Noise itself may not objectionable wear. And wear means eventual failure, pro- duction delays, and high maintenance costs. the vital that become noisy ordinary cranes—Whiting has taken special precautions eliminate wear. Frictionless roller bearings accurately maintain gear centers. Herringbone quietly transmit loads. Tapered tread drive wheels insure free travel, and flexible coup- lings transmit power without binding. Listen ordinary crane, then listen Whiting. You will realize why Whiting cranes give low cost operation and long life. CORPORATION Lathrop Avenue WHITING § This NOISE your crane means Herringbone Gears reduce Noise and Wear Whiting Cranes Noise Point No. the hoist speed reducer Whiting cranes use herringbone gears. The smooth rolling action secured contin- uous contact the herringbone teeth reduces friction and noise, cutting gear wear. These gears or- dinarily outlast spur gears Only two reductions are necessary, instead three four, giving simple, compact, and efficient speed reducer mechanism. OVERHEAD TRAVELING CRAN AS re Ve H agk HOW WRITE | Send for your free copy. 400 Why steel sometimes warps Stress-relief anneal will usually prevent time time machine shops complain warpage distortion when machining steel bar stock. This usually noticeable only when the part long. occurs heat- treated bars which have been machine straight- ened and cold-drawn bars, especially where key-ways are cut. The harder stronger the ma- terial, the more likelihood trouble. Cause. The cause not defect the metal, but rather stresses set within the steel straining beyond its elastic limit. Machine straightening bar will this, will cold forming cold drawing. Even the cold working that the steel receives heavy machine cuts may the cause such warpage. Remedy. The remedy relieve such stresses before machining (or between machining opera- tions, heavy cuts are taken). This can usually relief anneal. Such anneal will usually carried out temperature between 800 and 1100 deg. Obvi- ously, quenched-and-tempered parts, the tem- perature should held approximately 100 deg. below the tempering temperature avoid soften- ing the steel. Effects this sub-anneal. stress-relief anneal will have harmful effects the steel. limited extent may improve the physical prop- xecu AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON tive offices, 239 W. 39th St., New : ant this service places you under obligation. York, N. Y. Entered as s¢ R79 Effect stress-relief anneal area). raises the elastic limit without noticeably affecting yield point or tensile strength erties. Note the curve above. The elastic limit, point where the stress-strain curve leaves straight line, lowered cold-working steel. stress-relief anneal will raise this point until ap- proaches the yield point. Little difference will noticed either yield point tensile strength. Ductility, changed, will improved. Metallurgical advice. call the nearest Bethlehem office, letter Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa., will bring metallurgi- cal advice this other subjects. make use 148 4 { 4 STEEL BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY THE IRON AGE, May 18, 1939—3 conditions under which tractor normally operates are severe for bearings those encountered anywhere. Dust, mud and water are always ready attack. Temperatures may extremely high very low. High load concentration and impact stresses are unavoidable. Cleveland Tractor Company for ten years has given tractor bearings the best protection available equipping them with Oil Seals. The new and the Cletrac Crawler illustrated here carry these seals all lower track wheel idlers, front wheels, steering lever shaft, rear wheels, main drive shaft, transmission, and other points requiring lubricant retention and protection against dust and moisture. view the low cost such protection, every bearing should equipped with seals this type. Let Chicago Rawhide engineers study your bearing applications. ERFECT CHICAGO RAWHIDE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 1306 ELSTON AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Years Manufacturing Quality Mechanical Leather Goods Exclusively PHILADELPHIA CLEVELAND NEW 4—THE IRON AGE, May 1939 PITTSBURGH CINCINNATI yEARS FOR NEERS can profi | ‘ q Machines anp BETTER The more highly mechanized plant is, more contributes employment, the its unit costs, and the higher the wage apt be. Modern Warner Swasey Turret Lathes help you improve employment, orders, profits, wages, puts you better competitive position get and hold business. 2—improving precision and quality your product—which again helps you get eliminating) scrap loss—which enables you pay workers more because their output worth more you. Modern Warne! Swaseys eam average 20% net profit for their users. They improve employee they are easier operate. Whatever your volume pro- duction today, new Warner Swaseys can help you profit For proof, write WARNER SWASEY, Turret Lathes, Cleveland. ‘ fi The Hollywood spiders are relief typical example Goodrich development rubber OLLYW OOD movie scriptssome- times call for spider webs. But spiders can’t lured with fat contracts, understand the importance production schedules. They proved more temperamental than any movie heroine—and whole casts could held up, waiting for spider spin web. Mayer thought making spider webs rubber cement. Experimenting, forced the cement through tiny hole electric fan,and moving the fan and down, and out, learned how weave webs which any spider could proud. But make webs life-like gos- samer, the rubber cement had extraordinarily uniform would not clog. And had the right natural color, had remain stable, and had such great tensile strength that even tiny threads could stand jarring and wind during the movie without the breaking single thread. Thestudio for their cement, and Goodrich had exactly the product they needed. You probably have seen many web mov- ing pictures, made Goodrich rubber cement illustrates the principle applying all Goodrich products: uniformity, every property rubber goods goes continuously here. A// the resulting discoveriesare immediately available all Goodrich products, that you can sure getting the latest developments, the utmost specifying Goodrich your Distribu- tor. The Goodrich Co., Mechanical Rubber Goods Division, Akron, Ohio. Coodrich 4 — and data furnished through courtesy Rockford Screw Products Co.) FINISHED FROM ROUND— ge = hs 4 q METALLURGICAL ASSISTANCE THE SELECTION THE WINNING COMBINATION For the extruding dies, heading dies and For the trimming dies, pointing tools and heading punch, VASCO-LATROBE was se- thread rolling dies, RED CUT SUPERIOR was lected because its fine grain and uniformity. selected. Ability hold edge high practically made-to-order steel for this temperatures and exceptional resistance type work. Tools illustrated appear the abrasion insured good production before the order named from right the page. first bolt came off the machines. STEEL PA. STEELS 1800 1500 more payload. Ultra modern design utilizes Cor-Ten in the bridge-truss type body frame. Reduces weight of this Fruehauf freight trailer 1600 Ibs. under standard. Compared with old equipment now on the roads, the weight saving is estimated to run as high as 4000 Ths. Unit is 33° long, S wide, 7° high weighs only 10,900 Ibs. Built by Froehauf Trailer Co, of California. Hyster Boom-Arch built with In this modern logging equipment, built by Willamette-Hyster Co., Portland, Oregon, the high vield point of U-S°S Man-TEN makes possible substantial weight reduction without reducing high load capacity and great strength essen- tial for this tough service. Saving weight leaves more horse-power available for faster return trips and safe operation steeper grades. In- creased footage handled, assures low cost operation essential for selective log- Ring. weight one-third, assures long life. Vital obtaining favorable pavload-deadweight ratio in the face of highway load lim restrictions, the use of U-S-°S MIAN-TreN enables builder to reduce thickness of mixing drum and mixing blades of this Blaw-Knox TRUKMINER > Abrasion tests reveal also ideally suited withstand grinding action of sand, stone and cement —one reason why none of thes drums or mixer blades has ever worn out in service. trailer dump truck for open strip mine hauling, built by United Tron Work: Company, Pittsburg, Kansas. Body of U-S°-S MAN-TEN weighs 14,800 Ibs 25’, lighter than similar capacity trailer with structural quality steel bed Any truck user will interested steel that will economical reduce deadweight like this. Weight saved can be converted into gasoline ar oil savings, reduced tire and brake maintenance, extra carrying capacity ‘ 4 = 3 d a wa a cu, vd Works ibs 1 bod mic al ine ae ypacits AND COMPARE for lightness, strength and cost with High Tensile Steel construction builder mobile equipment. The safe ion deadw eight with ligh Steels resultant economies its tangible returns increased and lower operating costs, are well-proved facts. You can’t afford over- look Witness the typical applications How does your equipment stack up? dragging around useless deadweight? wearing out long be- fore should? Does VOU the capacity have aright Rebuild it, cost, with service tested High Steels. tural quality open-hearth steel. Both are tough and hard wearing, highly resistant shock and vibration have greater resistance abrasion than steel. Cor- has unusually high atmos- pheric corrosion, times that plain steel. MAN- TEN equals copper steel rust resistance. because both these superior steels are alloy have proved they will reduce weight with little increase May tell you more about them? AMERICAN STEEL WIRE COMPANY, Cleveland, Chicago and STEEL Pittsburgh and COLUMBIA STEEL COMPANY, San Francisco NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, Pittsburgh Scully Steel Products Company, Chicado, Wurehouse Distributors United States Steel Products Company, New York, Evport Distributor mine cars weigh one ton less each. 200 Granhby-type mine cars, construction has reduced weight 2000 per car. Used with electric motor haulage, 45 cars to a train, this 45-ter weight reduction efleectively reduces power consumption Welded MAN-TEN trims off 12,000 Reduction of deadweight from 69,000 to 57,000 Ibs. in this Austin-Western 30 cu. vd. railroad dump car substantially reduces motive power of hauling unit required. \ 6-car train of these lighter \lan~-TeN-built cars actually weighs less than 1 train of 5 cars of the previous type. SS d limit ER t ind tl 4 thes _ the trend IRON AGE, Moy 18, 1939 4 >. With Worth Sheared Steel Plate quality UP; physical and metallurgical character- istics always are UNVARYING and Worth service personal, prompt, entirely dependable. Any Worth customer will verify this or, see for yourself; send your next order Worth! WORTH SHEARED LAT WORTH SHEARED New York, N. Wm. Dickey Pittsburgh, Pa. McKee-Oliver, Inc. St. Louis, Mo. Hubbell Sharp Boston, Mass. Linn Co. San Francisco, Hanford Houston, Texas The Corbett-Wallace Corp. Seattle, Wash. National Steel Sales, Inc Los Angeles, Ducommun Metals Co. Cleveland, Ohio Bond Detroit, Mich. Sevin Portland, Oregon National Steel Sales, Inc. Montreal Toronto Canada Drummond, McCall Ltd. * J g ~ 4 ~ ome | “a nd F ' bs fe. 4 | F we 24 P | CLAYMONT, the first series six graphic presen- tations dealing with the improved machine builder employment and mass consuming power. these appear from month month THE IRON AGE, they will form irrefutable proof the constructive, social and economic value invention and improvement expressed the use modern This first installment deals with the threat progress involved the widespread and present day recurrence the age-old antagonism mechanical improvement. THE IRON AGE, May 18, 1939 ‘ ‘ i or the present unemployment in America.” OSEPH O'MAHONEY, Senotor from Vyoming: “Science and invention are to blame NRY WALLACE, the Uni- North May 24, ‘It is possible to make the machine the man and not the master. But going to be necessary to change many MISSOURI HOUSE BILL No. 483, in- Feb. 28, 1939, Section “The board is hereby authorized and »mpowered to investigate . . . the expense of operation of any employer in which any laber-saving device or apparatus is now in use... . or which hereafter may be in stalled and which, in the opinion of the board decreases the cost manufacture and the necessary number of employees a judgment and fix the amount of tax to levied against such employer not less than 25 per cent and not more than 50 per cent of the total cost of labor saved by the operation of such device . radio, motion picture and printing press, millions Americans from pulpit, MINNESOTA SENATE BILL No. 209, s introduced Jan. 23, 1939: That no person, firm or corporation shall operate and maintain any Icbor-sav ing machinery or device without first ob taining from the Secretary of State a license to do so The license fee shal $25 per year each addi tion. each such person, firm or corporation shall pay o tax on the use of such machin ery of the sum of 25 per cent of the aver age woge of the person or persons in which event the board shall enter SENATE RESOLUTION in- troduced Senator Champ Clark, Jan. 1939: “Resolved: ... that the Secretary of the Treasury authorized and directed conduct investigation the desir ability and practicality the imposition | of a tax on the use of labor saving and HATTON SUMNERS, Representa- tive from Texas, the floor the House, Nov. 23, 1937: "There is not anything in the proposition that labor-saving device puts more peo- ple to work. That is all hooey... . | am offering the bill stop the issue patents } on the part of the federal Government in labor-saving devices.” ADOLPH SABATH, Representative from the floor the House Representatives, Jan. 14, 1938: ever-increasing number new labor-saving inventions machinery has shorter working day absolutely necessary if anything near all our workers ore to be employed.” JOHN LEWIS, and UMW, the Black-Connery hearings, June HAROLD ICKES, Town Hall Washington, Jan. 26, 1938: time goes on, there will be more and more men unable find for tech- nological reasons.” WILLIAM GREEN, president, AFL, 1937: "| know of nothing that is a greater bu den on the mind of the employed worke’ — the Black-Connery hearings, June 4, and his family than constantly to be facing 1937: the possibility dismissal from employ accounts for employment ment through the introduction lagging behind production.” devices. 4 | B7: / / ‘ 7 uw - 4 \ | | a | platform and legislative halls from coast coast. JAMES MEAD, Senator from York, the floor the Hous Representatives, June 24, 1936: “The biggest problem the world —unemployment. The cause of the lem is technological.” MORDECAI EZEKIEL, economist the radio address on ‘America's Town Meeting the April 1937 Our technical ability to invent machines WILLIAM DOUGLAS, for Chairman SEC Supreme Over the years we have been pre pied with materialistic and mech