The Iron Age 1939-01-12: Vol 143 Iss 2

FRITZ FRANK President VAN DEVENTER Editor «. E. WRIGHT J. A. ROWAN A. 1. FINDLEY Managing Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus VWachinery Editor Art Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Editor. JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Washington Editor MOFFETT Resident District Editors CAMPBELL LOBERT G. BINGHAM Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents London, England Cincinnati FRAZAR Boston Hamburg, Germany Milwaukee San Francisco Teronto, Ontario Birmingham Vewark, N. J. St. Louis TURNER, JR. Buffalo Owned and Published by CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Editorial and Executive Office< 239 West 39th New York, N. Y¥ Publication Office Chestnut and 56th Sts Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH HILDRETH, Vice-President GEORGE GRIFFITHS, Vice-President EVERIT B, TERHUNE, Vice-President WILLIAM A. BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR Secretary 'OHN H. VAN DEVENTER, JULIAN CHASE, THOMAS L. KANE, CHARLES 8S. BAUR, CARROLL BUZBY, P. M. FAHRENDORF BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member Associated Business Papers Indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 a year. Single copy, cents. Cable Address, ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bldg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bldg., Chestnut & 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bidg., Chicago H. E. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St., New York Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit C. H. Ober, 239 W. 39th St., New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh D. C. Warren, P. O. Box 81, Hartford, Conn RON Contents 12, 1939 Take Off the Whiskers—We Know You! Finish Processing Ordnance and Tubing Bores Machining Diesel Engine Crankshafts Precision Machining Turret Beds Design Improvements Continue Machine Tools the Usefulness Sky-Hooks the Assembly Line Washington News NEWS CONTENTS Statistics Metal-Working Activity Weekly Ingot Operating Rate Rate Activity Capital Goods Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying New Industrial Literature Products Advertised Just Between Two Index Advertisers Copyright 1939 by Chilton Company (Inc.) 116 SYRACUSE | CAEVELANO wa LEGEND ANO WAREHOUSES ASSURE PROMPT, DEPENDABLE HANDLING YOUR STEEL NEEDS ANYTIME, ANYWHERE houses give you the kind service that literally RTA puts steel mill your back yard. They offer STR CENTE you experienced personnel who readily understand your steel requirements and intelli- gently recommend the one best material for your particular job. Next time you need top- quality steel hurry, call your Allegheny PA. 14—THE IRON AGE, January 12, 1939 noms 4 aes q ... THE IRON AGE ... JANUARY 12, 1939 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 143, No. Take Off the Know You! six years ago, THE IRON AGE drove the first nail into the coffin Technoc- racy. Some you will remember it. Technocracy then, the distressed days the depression, was bogeyman that terrified considerable part our population with the prediction that was bound come Who could fail impressed such opinions emanat- ing from capable impressing his importance sufficiently have Columbia University donate space for his researches and the “New Outlook” under Editor Alfred Smith, provide pages for the airing his views? And the theories the Technocrats gained considerable credence high circles and low, due perhaps the exceedingly original and fantastic patter semi- scientific jargon which they were couched and due more so, perhaps, the truism Barnum's that one born every minute and two take Gained credence, have said, THE IRON AGE exposed the statistical fal- lacies that the public was avidly swallowing and until Allen Raymond, the New York Herald Tribune followed exposing the interesting and until then unknown an- tecedents the cult's chief And so, Technocracy and its chief apostle, Scott, were apparently firmly nailed into coffin and interred. Dead and buried. But the hardest thing kill and bury this credulous world fallacy. When individual dead and buried, goes the promised land, rather one the two them. When you bury fallacy, moves California, preferably Los Angeles, where many economic fallacies are reincarnated. the home and birth- place the Townsend Plan and the Sinclair Plan and the Ham and Egg Plan. And now see the reincarnation Technocracy spreading its teachings the gullible again, this time from West East instead from East West the first in- stance. But with this difference: The date chaos has been put forward. Instead being sometime first predicted, the event now set Chief Technocrat Scot+ for 1942. can say that group super-scientists can't hit such important date chaos within margin error less than nine years, prefer depend Dr. Almanac. — | Prominent Railroad President Cites Advantages High Tensile Steels Comparing freight cars built ordinary steel lead- ing Railroad 1928 with 1,000 new cars built the same road 1937, using high tensile low alloy steels, the President the Railroad said: “The new cars are stronger, possess greater durability and yet are 24% lighter per cu. ft. carrying capacity than those built ordinary steel years ago.” are proud the fact that large tonnage Inland Hi-Steel was used the construction these new cars. the purpose Inland Hi-Steel reduce weight with- SHEETS TINPLATE BARS PLATES STRUCTURALS out loss structural strength reduce the mileage cost the waste load. But there are also other important advantages using Inland Hi-Steel. has many times the corrosion resis- tance ordinary steel—exceeds that copper-bearing steel. welds readily and easily fabricated. Inland engineers and metallurgists will opportunity giving you full information about Inland Hi-Steel, and will gladly assist its application your products equipment. Write for Inland Hi-Steel Bulletin No. 10. PILING RAILS TRACK ACCESSORIES REINFORCING BARS rl ar rl. in pa 1 — South Dearborn Street, CHICAGO earborn Stre arborn Street, CHICAGO District Offices: ° ° KIRKE CONNOR President, Micromatic Hone Corp.. Detroit Finish Processing Ordnance and the development recent methods ordnance processing, the author has been particularly interested accomplishments final finish gun bores and certain aircraft parts. Recently spent several months Europe during which time observed advances made through the use new tools, many American-built. this paper, which has presented privately and greater length interested groups, Mr. Connor discusses some military applications honing. Included also discussion method finishing forged steel barrels new automatic type rifles. Many readers will interested correlating this information with data Superfinish published THE IRON AGE Sept. and 22, 1938. The second part this article will appear early issue. finishing tubing bores repre- sents one the most difficult problems industry. The major part this work has been confined the manufacture gun ordnance, com- prising recoil mechanism cylinders, such recuperator and buffer cylin- ders, anti-aircraft gun barrels, small rifle bores, large caliber gun liners, and large caliber gun casings. Mate- rials commonly used these parts include soft steel and monel metal, and hardened steel forgings. Some process- ing external cylindrical parts, such piston rods for recuperator cylin- ders, involved securing high degree precision fit assembled parts. The work varies from 0.300 in. diameter and from ap- proximately ft. length. While the fundamental principles ordinary machining methods are used these applications, they represent processing and final especially engineered adaptations and techniques developed over long period time various ordnance factories. Government regulations uni- versally preclude the possibility showing installation views various methods processing, and exact data accomplishment cannot revealed. interesting, however, examine the general features and relative ac- complishments which have been indi- cated some the operations. First, however, the process honing will reviewed. The Honing Process The honing process fundamentally wet cutting process, and its pres- ent stage development comprises various methods controlled, me- chanical application bonded abra- sive internal surfaces cylinder bores, and the external surfaces cylindrical parts. combines four- fold accomplishment one process: removes substantial amounts stocks, generates size, generates ac- curacy for roundness and straightness, and produces any desired degree surface smoothness. not conven- tionally alinement generating proc- ess related squareness, concen- tricity, parallelism axes adjacent bores. number abrasive sticks are used conventional honing tools, and are various widths, lengths, and thicknesses, may determined construction limitations according diameter the work. The area abrasive contact thus provided aver- ages approximately 100 times that grinding operation comparable sized work. This arrangement large number cutting tips, permits the application high total pressure, with resulting low unit pressure and the elimination injurious frictional heat. Stock removal free-cutting action obtained keeping the abrasive contact area clean, allowing for uniform rate fracture the individual grains and the bond posts, thus maintaining sharp cutting edges during operation. Uniformly controlled cutting depth the bonded grains obtained multi-direc- tional travel path the sticks, various combinations rotations and traverses reciprocations. Where de- sirable, the work may also rotated the actuation the honing tool. These combined motions serve provide THE IRON AGE, January ne” : a. > age . sing . ring the d your | reciprocation Overlap Isometric view half cylinder Composite view ~ “47 7. SPSS SNS NOS AAA 7A Sw 2222754 072257 | atend reverse stroke troke "Metal abrasive path path abrasive stick honing resultant combining simple rotation with simultaneous reversing stroke traverse the tool. Particles grit abrasive not cut uniform helices follow previous paths. Stone frequently cleans itself. universal force actuation all indi- vidual grits, regardless the angle their cleavage planes the work, and all bond posts, thus accomplishing uniform rate fracture the grits. Analysis Abrasive Travel The simplest form multi-direc- tional actuation used conventional applications shown Fig. and combines simple rotation with simultaneous reversing stroke tra- verse the tool. This combined actuation causes the abrasive stick follow the path wide angled ‘helix steep pitch. many typical instal- lations, the ratio revolutions here shown, for purposes sim- plicity, the ratio slightly more than 2—Micro-finished monel metal recoil mechanism cylinder. The enlargement shows typical annular rings produced light reflection, seen looking through highly finished bore. Final finish marks mea- sured parallel with the axis are approximately micro-in. profil- ometer reading. Around the diameter, across the straight-line honing marks, the reading micro-in. IRON AGE, January 1939 2to The area crossing these paths the forward reverse strokes produces characteristic cross- hatch the cutting marks. Surface speeds abrasive travel the honing process range from 250 ft. per min., depending upon the material, the desired accomplishment stock removal and final surface finish. The ability control size honing accomplished regulation the expansion the abrasive stone and its holder. This usually arranged having the expansion mechanism feed out adjustable limit stop the tool. Accuracy for roundness ob- tained the rotary motion the hone, and the controlled, positive ex- pansion provided the tool. Accuracy for diametric straightness produced the reciprocation the hone, which permits the correction taper error. Accuracy for axial straightness accomplished the use sufficient- long stones overcome any snaki- ness generated the bore previous processing The production any desired de- gree surface smoothness con- trolled adjustment the cutting action the abrasive. This may accomplished several ways, all which comprise the reduction pene- tration the grits. Where the coolest, free-cutting action desirable, customary reduce the pressure while either slightly reducing the speed, maintaining the same speed; with this method the viscosity the coolant lubricant supports the abrasive | | stroke Upward strok tic deaf / / ~ or lay m«¢ na un sil pis | cu manner reduce retard cutting ac- tion. Finishing Recoil Mechanism Bores One the major requirements gun recoil mechanisms, including the recuperator and buffer cylinders, and piston rods used these cylinders, that final assembly shall con- trolled permit the recoil mechan- ism work perfectly after being sealed under fixed operating pressure, and after being stored for lic pressure usually not less than several thousand pounds per sq. in. operation, the combined requirement for accuracy machined parts, low tolerance sizing and fitting, and maxi- mum smoothness surface finish and mating parts paramount im- portance. Recoil mechanism cylinders for low- caliber artillery guns may be, for example, 234 in. diameter long, and may either monel metal forged steel. Many these parts are conventionally reamed within accuracy 0.005 in. Previous the time using bonded abrasive solid honing sticks, these bores were lapped with long lapping plugs re- move all annular helical cutting marks, leaving the bore with all the cutting mark lines running longitudi- nally parallel with the bore axis. This unusual requirement said necessitated due the use pure silver facing material for the piston, packing sealing parts. obvious that any annular helical cutting marks the bore would cause excessive rapid wear silver-faced part. The longitudinal cutting marks 4—Various models mechanically operated honing tools for tubing work. Diameters range from in. in. Selec- tive limits expansion are controlled setting the ratchet collar (A) which above the top coil spring. Expansion the abrasive members fit the work, size reduction remove the tool, accomplished one-third turn the adjustment ratchet (B). 3—For the 65-in. honing job the recoil mech- are intended permit minimum wear the mating these two surfaces. Honing Now Used various gun factories throughout the world, the honing process now used following boring reaming recoil cylinders. rough honing oper- ation used for removal stock for approximate diameter sizing, and finishing operation for final diameter sizing and accuracy. These two honing operations are then followed third operation, using adapted form honing tool which fitted with espe- cially wide interlocked stones. This tool drawn lengthwise through the finish honed bore accomplish the anism, the tool supported cradle which mounted traverse cradle bracket mechanism. the cradle forward support the hone which with- drawn from the work. tandem type hone used here. The view shows same straight line cutting marks which are obtained with the lapping process previously mentioned. typical applications monel metal recoil mechanism cylinders the type illustrated Fig. total 0.004 in. stock can removed approximately min. rough hon- ing, and 0.001 in. stock min. the finish honing operation, following which the bore finished straight line honing tools approximately one hour operating time. forged steel cylinders, about 0.010 in. total stock removed two honing opera- tions min., and finished straight line honing min. \ccuracy conventionally held with- THE IRON AGE, January 12, | if | q 5—Shop view gun ordnance honing equipment with which rough bored gun tube was reconditioned hr. much week and half formely was required for this job the same arsenal. 0.0005 0.0007 in. for out-of- roundness and total taper. Cost Data Stone cost for approximately 0.009 in. stock removal diameter rough honing bore 234 in. diameter per cu. in. stock removal, 0.6c. per lineal inch; for finish honing, ap- proximately 0.02c. per cu. in. per lineal inch for 0.001 in. stock re- moval diameter. Installation cradle supported hone for doing this work shown Fig. Various models mechanically actuated honing tools for tubing work these classifications are shown Fig. Finishing Gun Bores The generation gun bores from solid steel forgings slow and cost- process, requiring maximum mainte- nance the tools and exceptional care the various boring and reaming operations. reported that with feed in. per hr. for finish boring operation bore in. diameter ft. long, approximately hr. operating time per cut would required. The honing process has contributed processing gun bores. Several in- stallations have been made where has been demonstrated that honing can follow least semi-finish boring operation, removing considerable stock small fraction the time re- quired for generating the cylinder bore. This method final processing has produced startling degree accom- plishment recent installations. one recent test, reconditioning worn bore gun approximately ft. long, was found that the muzzle diameter was 4.457 in. and breach di- 20—THE IRON AGE, January 12, 1939 for honing large caliber guns this hydraulically actuated tool. will used for gun tube ft. long. Under development are tools for 30-in. bores ft. long. Final finish micro-in. ameter 4.415 in., approximately 0.042 in. total taper and estimated 0.015 in. out-of-round. The bore had numerous hard spots caused the intermittent heating and cooling service. Approximately two weeks was required for reboring, during which time three cutter bars were twisted and broken, and the resulting rebore was indeed very rough, with number boring operation. This roughly rebored honed 4.500 in. diameter rough honing with mechanically tools hr., within accuracy 0.0005 in. measured every in. throughout the length Following this inspection, approxi- mately 0.0005 0.0007 in. stock was removed finish honing min.. with final surface finish within ap- proximately micro-in. This process- ing has now replaced the previous method lapping, following finish boring, which was used number arsenals, and which required weeks. The equipment used another recent test, actuated honing tools were used meet more severe condition due the fact that the metal this gun had been cold worked. this test, bore in. diameter 258 in. long, rough honing operation, following semi-finish boring, removed total 0.100 in. stock the diameter, the rate 0.012 0.014 in. per hr. Stone cost for this total amount stock removal was computed per cu. in., per lineal foot. These bores are honed within final ac- curacy 0.0005 in. for roundness and taper, measured, with both star and electric gages, every inch throughout the length the bore. This test dem- onstrated the ability the honing process permit simplified processing fir in; ste a q 4q | 4 q 4 & F the des nes 7—Hydraulically reciprocated horizontal honing machine having ft. working stroke and length outboard work support table. Overall length machine approximately ft. The outboard bed this installation arranged located pit. Clearance provided for cleanouts, shown phantom, for removing settlings sediment from the coolant the outboard bed. The machine has 36-in. distance from top the table center the spindle. This capacity the reason for setting the outboard bed eliminating the slow, costly finish boring operation. Considering that not all unusual for one these forgings, which the finished state may cost approximately $200,000, scrapped finish boring, the features control and safety provided the honing process for final finish process- ing offer incomparable production ad- vantages and economies. The latest type equipment which developed for honing large guns shown Fig. large gun casings, interest ing observe that the use honed finishes now being considered in- creasingly desirable for the proper seating gun liners. Thus, gun cas- ings are now being honed some arsenals. Honed finish reported accomplishing better fitting and seat- ing the liners the casings, whether they are the tapered stepped type. Standards Proposed for Welding Fittings ENTATIVE draft proposed American Standard for Welding Fittings now available for criticism and comment. This proposal covers the over-all dimensions fittings designed for butt-welded joints, such elbows and tees, caps and lap-joint stud ends, reducers and return bends. covers also the pressure ratings, size, marking, material, metal thick ness, tolerance and welding bevel pit shown here. Large Machine Described installation for honing large caliber gun casings shown Fig. The machine has 32-ft. stroke. this particular installation, the customer desired rotate the work during the honing period, and this accomplished the power driven hydraulic chuck located the extreme right end the outboard bed. The chuck has adjustable jaws for holding various diameters cylinder forgings, such gun barrels. The 6-jaw adjustable steady rests, which are shown here, are designed for hold- ing various diameters from in. and upward eliminate distortion work long lengths. For long bores, frequently de- sirable that remote control these finishing tools provided. This particularly advantageous smaller diameter bores where The standardization welding fit- tings part the project as- signed the Sectional Committee the Standardization Pipe Flanges and Fittings, organized procedure the American Standards Association 1921 with the Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning Con- tractors National Association, the Manufacturers ciety the Valve and Fittings In- dustry, and the joint sponsors. Copies the proposed Standard may obtained from l.e Page, assistant secretary, Amer- ican Society Mechanical Engineers, West 39th Street, New York. stones must used because con- struction limitations, and adjustment for stone wear must made more frequent intervals than with stones. Two types control for ad- justment are employed: The brake control, mechanically actuated type which expansion pressure operation dependent the skill the operator; and the automatic, hydraulically actuated type. The latter designed for use machine which working pressure, will automatical increase decrease the working pressure stepped time cycle number strokes. This type tool can conveniently used for spindle operation suitable horizontal honing machines, desired. This type construction also facilitates the machining remotely located constrictions the bore. (TO CONCLUDED) Armco Accidents Reduced Per Cent per cent reduction accidents last year among the employees all plants the American Rolling Mill Co. was announced Murray, assistant president. “The records for 1938 show marked de- crease accidents every plant,” Mr. Murray said. “Our Zanesville, Ohio, plant went through the year without single accident. Though the public thinks steel plant very dangerous place, have evi- dence prove that our men are safer work than they are the streets and their homes.” THE IRON January 12, of 4 ot. Finishing Diesel Engine Crankshafts where Ohio Crankshaft Co. ma- chines, hardens and finishes wide range crankshafts from the heavy Diesel type down the light auto- motive sizes, steps have been taken facilitate processing through installa- tion late model equipment, and overhead handling materials over the entire area parallel production lines. large new plant Cleveland This building, which 550 ft. long, and consists five wide bays, eventu- ally will enlarged five more bays and devoted the company’s entire crankshaft production. Two production lines are devoted processing light crankshafts, one line intermediate sizes, and fourth line the larger crankshafts. Consider- able interest centers upon the process- ing the latter, weighing two tons. After receipt from the forge shop, the larger crankshafts are placed new Wickes Brothers 60-in. 30-ft. JAMES Cleveland single end drive universal type lathe arranged for machining the center bearings, one time, and both ends the crankshaft. back roller rest supports the bearing during the oper- ation. The four-way turret this machine mounted the front cross slide and arranged with tooling suit- able for the various turning, cheeking and filleting operations. Intermediate main line bearings are machined next. The lathe for the sec- ond operation Wickes 60-in. bearings are rough ground this 28-in. 192-in. machine. For most the line bearing grinding operations 12-in. wheel utilized. present, finish grinding line bearings also being done this machine. 22—THE IRON AGE, January 1939 \ > a ° ° © : ° ? | | | pin grinder, employing what believed one the largest grinding wheels used connection with precision 30-ft. double end drive lathe. This machine provided with two car- riages and each carriage provided with front and rear tools which are into the center simultaneously. Both first and second operation lathes are driven direct current. Auto- matic rheostats gradually increase the speed the shafts the tools work down the smaller diameters. The two lathes were designed for machin- ing crankshafts having bearings maximum diameter in. and maximum over all length ft. The next operation the rough grinding the line bearings, 192-in. type plain hydraulic Landis, standard every respect. For most the line bearing grinding oper- utilized. Next the crankshaft goes LOSE-UP view first operation line lathe, which machines the center time, and both ends the the pin lathe, 48-in. Wickes uni- versal type lathe, with stroke setting and indexing type pot chucks and movable tailstock the bed for accom- modating cranks different lengths. This lathe has back roller rest, and three-way turret front. The lathes are all arranged for power cross feed and power longitudinal feed well rapid traverse all directions. The fifth operation upon the large size crankshafts the rough grinding the pins upon Landis 192-in. type hydraulic raised swing in. and equipped with special crank heads. Both left hand and right hand crank carrying mounted slides, which makes possible grind shafts with wide range throws simply shifting the position the fixtures. The grind- f ing wheel believed one the largest in., the 12-in. hole enabling the user transfer the wheel smaller machine after has been worn down. Drilling the angle holes Leland-Gifford automatic hydraulic head, with step feed, the next oper- ation, after which the crankshaft induction hardened the Tocco proc- ess. Whereas the smaller crankshafts are placed cabinets, upright posi- tion, this impossible for the larger shafts because their size. They are placed “tunnel line” longi- tudinal position. The induction block clamped onto each bearing turn. Often there are large surfaces harden, seven line bearings and six pin bearings. oil drawing 450 degrees fol- | a S ae main line bearings are machined this double end drive lathe. both first and second operation line lathes, automatic rheostats gradually increase the speed the shafts the tools work down the smaller diameters. Ba. facilitate inching downward with the load the 2-ton cranes are provided with hydraulic jack, 24—THE IRON AGE, January shown this photo. lows the hardening, and the ninth operation magnafluxing for possi- ble flaws. Then follows the finish grind the line bearings and pins. The finish operation the flange and front end the crankshaft done new Monarch heavy duty, long bed engine lathe in. 140 in., raised swing 30% in. over the compound rest. Finish drilling the flange accomplished new Rockford horizon- tal hydraulic drilling ma- chine. This single spindle machine. The spindle adjustable and down through means hand wheel top the head and driven from the variable speed motor mounted top the head. movable from front back the table moving the en- tire column means hand wheel. The table fed from slow feed rapid traverse means hydraulic pump and cylinder, the feeding trolled manually levers the front the base the machine. The hy- draulic pump driven from separate motor. The cutting the key- ways done Cin- cinnati hydraulic milling machine. This stand- ard hydromatic, but Ohio Crankshaft Co. adapted the horizontal carrier cylinder, thus provid- ing vertical feed the horizontal carrier actu- ated the table feed hy- draulic circuit. Then follows the bal- ancing operation and the polishing the com- pleted crankshaft. The larger crankshafts are balanced within one inch, ounce and shafts 3/10 one inch, ounce. Operations frequently vary from the above given outline, depending the number key- ways and the number flange holes. | cre ins on | cu = new plant completely ser- viced overhead handling. shown this photo, the smaller size crankshafts are loaded man height upon push racks which move along monorail. Each push rack carries six the crankshafts, three side, vertical posi- tion. The 500-ft. runways the plant are completely serviced the over- head handling system American MonoRail Co. The smaller size crankshafts are loaded man height upon push racks which move along monorail. Each push rack carries six the crank- shafts, three side vertical posi- tion. After going down the produc- tion line, the carrier units are raised slope, facilitating their return. Workmen each side the mono- rail have easy access the crank- shafts the push racks. The two center runways the long plant are serviced four one-ton cranes, two each runway, facilitat- ing the transfer materials from one line the other. Two two-ton cranes are operated the next production line, and two more cranes handle the largest size crankshafts the fourth line. hydraulic jack provided for the large cranes, facilitate inching downward with the load. Demonstrates Built-Up Edge Cutting Tools URTHER visual evidence sup- port the theory edge the action cutting tools given some high-speed motion pic- tures taken the laboratory the Jones Laughlin Steel Corp. The pictures were shown Jan. before the Machine Shop Practice Division Bruce, metallurgical engineer the steel company. The pictures taken with Bell Telephone Laboratory camera speed 800 frames per sec. clearly showed how the metal cut built triangular-shaped wedge the point the cutting tool fill out the “natural” cutting tool angle for optimum cutting. This built-up edge broke down formed many times second the cutting bessemer screw stock. Mr. Bruce summarized the work the machinability metals being done under the direction Dr. Work, director re- Cutting forces measured with Schiess Defries dynamometer clearly indicated that screw stock with brinell hardness 187 machines freer than hot-rolled ma- terial only 140 brinell. Tests made four-spindle automatic, cutting dry, indicated that the longitudinal feed cutting force drops off for the first min. and then maintains constant level which held until ulti- mate tool failure. Due variations the machine drive and the mate- rial itself, graphic force charts are quite irregular, but show definite re- peated characteristics for each heat steel. surprising result that dif- ferent heats bessemer screw stock the same chemical analysis show cutting forces varying over range. The work being done Dr. Work not yet complete, but has progressed far enough indicate the development technique for the rapid determina- tion the machinability bar stock. Pittsburgh Hospital Have Stainless Operating Room the health director, Alexander, Pittsburgh soon have the first stainless steel finished hospital operat- ing rooms the country. Stainless steel used wherever desired, instead tiles, operating and re- lated rooms. THE IRON AGE, January 1939—25 = Sot Precision Machining Gisholt Beds— present high speed age continually demanding more and more the machine tool builder. More power, more speed, more accuracy. Such demands are reflected shop practice the form improved methods machining involved producing our master tools. The accom- panying pictures and captions show operations now being carried out the Gisholt Machine Co. connection with machining the bed and head- stock castings the Gisholt turret lathes. ° LEFT being rough ground and painted with under coat, the one-piece bed and headstock castings are rough planed, leaving 1/16 in. stock for semi- finish and finish operations. After the ways, auxiliar ways, bed slot and top are planed, the alloy iron casting turned over and the bolt pads planed. ° ° ° RIGHT EXT major operation boring the spindle bear- ing holes and the bearing holes for the headstock shafts. This done openside boring mill, the work being mounted jig upon revolving table. Bear- ing holes are held limit five ten thousandths. 26—THE IRON AGE, January 12, 1939 = | | Pictorial Sidelights Modern Machine Tool Making BELOW the hardened high carbon chrome nickel molyb- denum ways have been separately finish ground and seasoned they are bolted the bed and finish ground within 0.0001 in. alinement the spindle. The operation, shown below, performed table type grinder. ABOVE fixture which provides both location and feeding device, air drill enabled drill the spindle bearing oil holes. LEFT bed now ready for the final operation which various bolt holes are drilled and tapped. After coat grease applied the ways and the rack, the bed ready for assembly. ° ° ° THE IRON AGE, January 1939—27 q 4 ; ‘ + Ki ia 3 4 a Design Improvements Continue the first time machine has been offered that will both bore and hone long work with the same head. Among other machines re- cently announced the machine tool builders are improved precision lathe, and improvements pivot burnishing machine, abrasive cut- ting machine, and large face grinder. Some convenient features ° MACHINE that capable per- forming both boring and honing operations has been developed the John Barnes Co., Rockford, for processing such 28—THE IRON AGE, January 1939 have been incorporated constant peripheral speed snagging grinder. universal duplicating attachment for lathes, milling machines, planers and shapers illustrated, and spe- cial machine for finishing valve bodies described. Included this review are also number machine tool accessories. ° parts aircraft landing gear cylin- ders, hydraulic cylinders, air compres- sors, bearings, oil well tubing, recoil cylinders and similar parts. head unconventional design employed combine these diverse machining amount friction the horizontal way surface minimum, with hone reciprocating feed rates, the head carried three pair preloaded ball bearings each side. These rollers bear ground way deep section and have eccentric mounting the stud shafts for facil- itating alinement. Head housing aluminum alloy. The head designed use Micro- matic hydraulically controlled hones. All gears the head are hardened and are carried shafts mounted bearings. LEFT NUMBER new features have been incorporated the new 12- panion machine the and 16-in. model sizes. Spindle speeds range 1500 r.p.m. BELOW OMBINATION boring and honing operations can performed large range cylinder and sleeve sizes this hydraulically actuated ma- chine just announced John Barnes Co. | 1% | | col ; | thr the the | ° fro fro req Is € aid unl tive hea ver ing | wo can iron 4 Machine Spindle drive worm and wheel connected the V-belt motor drive through pick-off speed change gears. plugging switch incorporated the motor control stop the spindle the moment the hone from the bore. Spindle speeds range from 600 r.p.m. The wide combination head feeds required for both boring and honing obtained Barnes hydraulic unit. Fine and positive adjustment this said permit accurate control stroke without application posi- tive stops. general practice, the head reciprocation can set re- verse within 0.002 in., facilitating hon- ing dead-end bores work. Jogging the honing stroke can also easily accomplished any point within predetermined stroke for removal taper and the time dwell may also regulated. Boring feeds vary from about 0.062 in. per min.; hone strokes, from ft. per min. After the machine set for bor- ing honing, completely con- trolled push buttons levers ABOVE this special two-spindle Ex-Cell-O precision boring machine, Tools located central position. Adjust- able trip stops are furnished for blind- end boring. Honing cycles manually controlled automatically controlled trip dogs. Interchange- able fixtures for handling wide range cylinders can furnished with this machine for either boring honing. Standard fixture housings for either use can also supplied. 12-In. Precision Lathe UPPLEMENTING the and 16- in. sizes its model lathe, RIGHT pivot burnishing machine designed bur- nish shafts and pivots small pinions form bearing surfaces precision aluminum, cast iron and steel are machined succession magneto housing. the first station, three diameters the aluminum case are bored and the end faced. Spindle speed 2000 and feed, 0.0015 in. per rev. The fixture and piece then indexed hand lever the second station the rear, where cast and steel inserts are finished bored with carbide tools, using spindle speed 625 r.p.m. and feed 0.015 in. finished case produced every min. ° FRANK OLIVER Associate Editor, The Age ° brought out 12-in. size two bed lengths, having center-to-center ca- pacity and The new lathe has spindle speeds arranged geo- metric progression 1500 r.p.m. three V-belts from 3-hp., 1800 r.p.m. motor mounted cabinet leg under the tailstock. All headstock spindle gears are hardened and ground and are the spur type, except for pair helical gears con- necting drive shaft headstock. Gear shafts are mounted ball bearings, and the spindle mounted pair bearings the front end and roller LEFT improved type hy- draulic broaching machines the ver- tical pull-up style are much more rigidly con- structed, said give smoother, positive cutting action with consequent longer tool life and finer hole fin- ishes. THE IRON AGE, January 1939—29 le — ABOVE PECIAL indexing fixture designed Colo- nial Broach Co. for cutting three slots be- tween jaws flexible coupling. Three passes the broach are required, with indexing after each cycle the broach. Fixture pivoted two ways, and load the part, the fixture swung back and the part pushed locating mandrel and bushing. Locking this bushing means the pin shown the extreme left. Production pieces per hr. bearing the rear. Cam-Lock spindle nose used. The rear the headstock and bed are built out give solid support the driving pulley, doing away with excessive overhang and giving larger surface area for the oil reservoir the bed. Oil pumped over the gear train and cleaned Cuno filter being re-used. The quick change gear box provides changes feed, ranging from threads per in., and direct reading index plate permits rapid setting and checking. quadrant and change gear arrangement also provided for special threads for translating. feed rod and lead screw are employed, and synchronizing high speed clutch mechanism has been incorporated the head stock for reversing the car- riage high speeds ping. The apron fully accessible from the front. All gears and worms are clutches are the positive type. The cross slide screw supported ball thrust bearing for easy hand action feel. The oiling the carriage, apron and cross slide accomplished automatically small pump oper- ated the action the clutch lever, giving the effect one-shot system. Oil stored reservoir the apron and pumped pocket run- ning the full length the top the 30—THE IRON AGE, January 12, 1939 BELOW improved Campbell No. 213 abrasive cutting machine has capacity for tubing in. diameter and solids in. apron, through which distributed various metered outlets. Hydraulic Broaching Machines improved line vertical pull- internal broaching machines the hydraulic type announced the American Broach Machine Co., Ann Arbor, Mich. These machines are built several sizes and from 20-ton normal capacity. other machines, the piston rod the fixed member and the cylinder and integral square lock slide ways carries the broach pulling fing box the low pressure side, and the high pressure held two cast iron piston rings and cup leather ring the piston head. strand variable-delivery pump, driven V-belt, used for operating the broaching cylinder, while small con- stant-delivery pump supplies power for operating the broach elevating cylinder for leading the tools through the work. ONTROLS have all been centralized that the operator can stand the right-hand side the back the improved type segmental-wheel face grinder, made the Bridgeport (Conn.) Safety Emery Wheel Co., Inc. The tripper dogs controlling the length carriage travel and reversal have been re- moved from the front the machine and placed dial the operator’s posi- tion. Speed control through handwheel the new style Oilgear pump shown the right the dial. previous models, spindle Timken equipped, and table ways have forced feed RIGHT MALLEST tool post grinder offered the Dumore Co., Racine, Wis., the Tom Thumb, with 1/14-hp. plain series universal motor and ball bearing spindle for small lathe work. Spindle speeds range from 8500 19,000 r.p.m. handle wheels from down in. Wick type lubrication used for both spindle and motor bearings. Net weight Ib. | >>> i q 4 1 q ist the Hydraulic valves that control the machine cycle are solenoid operated, and control the stroke the broach elevating and broach pulling cylinders limit switches. Cycle starting and inching are push button. Stand- ard operation the machine semi- automatic, but fully automatic cycles are possible. Advantages the vertical pull-up type machine are that the loading height much lower than pull- down machine and the pulling action permits follow the hole without any interference. the end the broaching stroke, work deflector plate swings auto- matically and lets the work drop the front the machine. This in- sures clear path for the return the broaches the plate protects the guide bushings whenever the broach completely through the work. Upon completion the downward move- ment the broaches, this plate moves back out the way. The broaches are released when the pulling cylinder reaches its lowest position and they RIGHT som machine constant peripheral speed grinder, giving 6400 ft. per min. for 24-in. wheels and es- pecially designed for snagging work the foundry. ABOVE HIS special double-end facing machine was developed William Pittsburgh, for boring the water way and facing the seats valve bodies and for facing disks. The two boring heads swivel about the center the machine that they can set angle each other, desired. Each boring spindle carries arbor and tool holder disposed provide compound eccentric for radial adjustment the tool tip, the same time giving balance necessary for high speed operation with T-C tools. Mounted each carriage slide that carries nut engaging the rear threaded portion the arbor, that when the slide moved rotates the arbor, providing cross feed for the cutting tool. Both the carriage and the carriage slide are actuated drum cams, are then lowered automatically means the elevator cylinder. Pivot Burnisher NUMBER improvements have been made the Steinel pivot burnishing machine, being marketed LEFT ONTIAC’S production department designed special head for Cincinnati miller machine angular face the manifold after pad the axis the part milled the regular side head. Combining these operations eliminates the possibility error the angular relationship the two machined faces. co the United States George Scherr Co., Inc., 128 Lafayette Street, New York. The lever for feeding the work now rack and pinion type instead yoke; the burnishing wheel bear- ing longer; the foot treadle now the head instead the tail end the machine; and the belt and pulley are better guarded. The machine may now used with tungsten carbide wheels, giving much longer life. The broach rest adjustable height for various shaft diameters and also overcome taper, present. has micrometer adjustment for control diameter. This machine will finish tolerance 0.0004 in. bearings, pivots and other articles produced automatics. Abrasive Cutting Machine ORE accurate cuts are claimed for the improved Campbell No. 213 abrasive cutting machine rea- THE IRON AGE, January 12, - 4 : COMBINATION hydraulic and electric control duplicator at- tachment has been Reed-Prentice Corp. for use toolroom engine lathes for face and circular form work, ver- tical milling machines and horizontal boring mills for die work and planers and shapers for form planing and shaping molds and dies. applied standard lathe, the template following mechanism may mounted shown and the hydraulic motor drive applied either the cross-feed screw the apron lead screw. ABOVE HREE new type alining and jacks for machine tools have been announced Baker Brothers, Inc., Toledo. No. jack, left, for large planers, boring mills. and the like. With base No. 42, right, similag type but smaller, with adjustment range from in. the angle slide screw. No. jack, center, screw type, in. diameter, for use with lathes, milling machines and similar equipment. Its maximum height in. and the range in. son foolproof coolant system that distributes fluid equally each side the abrasive wheel. Coolant box side walls are movable and pushed out line without damaging them. Pieces broken wheel drop completely through the distributor into the main coolant pan. There new micrometer stop bar which can set any length within plus minus 0.02 in. first setting. Holding pres- sure clamps, convenient coolant shut- off, reversible work holder liners and safer wheel guards are other improve- ments this new model made the 32—THE IRON AGE, January 12, 1939 Andrew Campbell Division, Amer- Chain Cable Co., Inc., Bridge- port. Snagging Grinder grinder for heavy foundry work has been recently an- nounced the Ransom Grinding Ma- chine Co., Oshkosh, Wis. Drive enclosed ball bearing motor mounted IGH pressure feed and low pressure rapid traverse movement are possible with the new Vickers double pump and combination valve, shown foot mounting. BELOW PPLICATION the Reed-Prentice duplicator vertical milling machine. The attachment can also used for three dimensicnal die sinking having small hydraulic motor connected the longi- tudinal, cross and vertical feeds, using one pump and electric control unit for the three movements. the rear plate the base and speed compensate for wheel wear are made through Chalmers speed changer unit employ- ing varipitch sheaves. From this unit, power transmitted Texropes spindle sheave outside the left bear- ing. Hence change belts, only one wheel has removed the spindle does not have dismantled. Speed control accomplished means handwheel top the machine, the movement which interconnected mechanically with the wheel guards. When the guards are lowered touch the lug the spark arrestor, peripheral speed 6400 attained. This adjustment allows 24-in. wheel worn down in. diameter, and may run down below this point, but without corresponding spindle ment. Guards are made steel throughout. They have hinged doors, nut covers and exhaust pipe connec- tions arranged that only the dust exhausted, the heavier material drop- ping into the bottom the guard, 2 | | ° ° ° where can easily removed. Motor has across-the-line starter with overload and undervoltage protection, actuation being push button. Hydraulic Feed and Traverse Unit volume control hy- draulic traverse and feed circuits possible with new double pump and combination valve unit, announced Vickers, Inc., Detroit. unit casing are two Vickers balanced vane pumps driven single shaft, with the output the smaller pump avail- able the hydraulic working system under all circumstances and the other, larger pump cutting automatically only when needed, such for rapid right shown what re- ported the world's largest steam hammer. was built the Erie Foundry Erie, Pa., and used England for the forging air- plane propellers. The hammer ft. height from the floor higher than the average dwell- ing house. Beneath the floor, extending ft. in. into the ground and resting upon its own foun- dation anchored bedrock, extends the sub-anvil structure. This two pieces, each approximately 234,000 The super-anvil, above the floor line support- ing the gigantic frames, two pieces, each which approximately 200,000 The weight the ram, pis- ton rod, and piston 50,000 lb. and with the top cluded the reciprocating weight increases more than 70,000 The diameter the cylinder in. and the stroke the piston in. The piston rod diameter in. The space between the in. and the ram in. front back. traverse operation. Automaticity effected through unloading valve. During traverse mo- tions, the pressure the working sys- tem low, and the unloading valve causes the delivery the larger pump join that the smaller. When- ever feeding action begins, pressure the system built because valve into the active circuit. When this occurs, the pressure unloading valve shifted, causing the output the second pump discharged the reservoir pressure. The unloading valve may externally ad- justed for any desired system pres- sure. integral relief valve also included the combination pump unit and functions control the maximum system pressure 1000 Ib. per sq. in. Almost any practical combination pump sizes are available. Vickers also offering new hy- draulic flow control valve that mini- mizes effect pressure and tempera- ture changes the system. This valve designed that practically constant oil volume metered through any pressure 1000 and shows only small variations discharge for given setting for wide range oil temperatures and viscosity changes. These valves are also said capable handling little cu. in. per min. with accuracy. They are available number different s1Zes. as IRON AGE, January 12, 1939—33 7 \ the Usefulness Sky-Hooks ° ° FRANCIS JURASCHEK Consulting Editor, The Age the load and the crane that moves it, lies Achilles tendon—a spot vulnerability. this spot traces inevitably the use- fulness otherwise all overhead handling mechanisms. All the versa- tility your lifting and shifting equipment hinges finally the ability your sky-hook pick and hold the load. Let’s look even dozen sky-hooks and note h