The Iron Age 1938-11-10: Vol 142 Iss 19

FRITZ FRANK President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Editors | JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Washington Editor owes MOFFETT Resident District Editors CAMPBELL ROBERT BINGHAM Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents London, England Cincinnati : ~ ~ aad Boston Hamburg, Germany i : Milwaukee San Francisco n Toronto, Ontario Birmingham : Newark, N. J St. Louis b Owned and Published by Steel Construction the World's Fair CHILTON COMPANY Lighting Profitable Industrial Asset (Incorporated) 8, one . Chestnut and 56th Sts., 239 West 39th St., Philadelphia, New York, Cross-Bay Crane Handling New Cimatool Plant OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President Grinders Again Predominate Current Tool Design FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President JOSEPH 8S. HILDRETH, Vice-President EVERIT TERHUNE, Vice-President Statistics Metal-Working Activity WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR Secretary JOHN VAN DEVENTER, JULIAN CHASE, Washington News THOMAS KANE, CHARLES BAUR, Rate Activity Capital Goods BAUR, General Advertising Manager Weekly Ingot Operating Rate Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying at Member, Associated Business Papers ' Indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. h Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 year. New Industrial Literature 106 T] Single copy, 25 cents. Cable Address, ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bldg., Cleveland Products Advertised 118 Hottenstein, Otis Bldg., Chicago vertisers Leonard, 239 39th New York Index Adve 144 Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Detroit r. W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh D. C. Warren. P. 0. Box 81, Harftord, Conn. Copyright 1938 by Chilton Company (Ine.) i, Now you can sure... You can depend better results less time when your heat treater guided the Ryerson alloy data charts. These charts show him the exact properties the steel with which working and show him how get the desired results. does not have test. takes chances. Spoilage eliminated sound dependable job high accuracy and uni- formity assured. addition saving production costs, the Ryerson Certified Alloy Plan benefits the Purchasing Department, they can keep detailed record the exact analysis every alloy purchased. Thus possible duplicate particularly desirable close range specifications repeat orders. The Metallurgical Department benefitted for they can call for any reasonable physical requirement and sure the Heat Treater can produce the required properties. Ryerson Certified Steels also include carbon, tool and stainless steels that meet definite quality stand- ards. They offer many advantages steel users. Let send you booklet which tells the complete story. Joseph Ryerson Son, Inc. Plants at: Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Boston, Philadelphia, Jersey City. HEAT ANALYSIS AND CARBURIZING DATA SHEET La | HEAT ANALYSIS ART > on the alloy stee! delwere ALYSIS 5 AE. Type 3156-4 Liege 2.35 Cr Mo 5 \ Inherent Grain S HEAT Drawn os show? | Tensile Yield Point Brinell wee Reduction 's Elongation Special Ryerson Data Sheets While two heats alloy steel may almost identical chemical analysis, one may much more responsive heat treatment. For this reason,Ryerson data sheets show actual results. Two types data sheets are one for the carburizing steels which gives complete analysis and the results carburizing tests. The other, which for the higher carbon steels, shows actual quenching and drawing results. Both charts are accurate guides that help the heat treater save time securing desired properties. 34—THE IRON AGE, November 10, 1938 ut f co ” nem ai” | ~ mor \ - he | = “ \ NOVEMBER 10, 1938 ESTABLISHED Vol. 142, No. later Mrs. Franklin Roosevelt—Eleanor her host friends—was bound get around the subject Communism. one day like another Eleanor Roosevelt and the world chock-full in- teresting things and places visit. her, being the wife the President something more than merely baking biscuits. Since Communism the United States has been subject more, rather than less, interest since the Dies Committee hearings really got under way, was natural that Col- umnist Roosevelt would have something say the matter. What Eleanor told the women America that they should give little thought what they read and hear about the inroads Communism this country. Please pass them effect, what Eleanor Roosevelt told her army anxious readers regard the simple folks who are increasingly concerned about Fellow Travelers. First ignore this advice was President Roosevelt, who, apparently, suffering with some the rest inability regulate our ideas, called attention Communism the United States big way. After telling Washington newspapermen that his own extemporaneous comment the subject might not polite enough for print, the President issued caustic criticism the Dies Committee Investigating Un-American Activities. This committee (five Democrats and two Republicans) has been poking around into Communism and Fascism without any ap- preciable help from New Deal agencies and with results highly interesting the country. The President's attack the Dies Committee came just after had heard testimony blaming the Communists for starting the Michigan sitdown strikes and charging Governor Murphy with improper handling the sitdown. President disregarding advice about giving the critics Com- munism the silent treatment Lee Pressman, chief counsel John Lewis’ ClO, which, memory not kept the country ignorance its part electing Mr. Roosevelt. Mr. firm has just filed $50,000 libel suit behalf Lucien Koch, organizer, against the publishers THE IRON AGE and James Rowan, its news editor, connection with article, Koch Comes appearing THE IRON AGE alleged Communistic leadership. Apparently Koch Comes and the Communistic ghosts which stalk through its pages, like the Dies Committee findings, are not going get a general type construction the Fair consists steel frame and studding covered with gypsum board. Over this placed steel mesh which the most common type paper back lath and approximately three-fourths inch cement stucco. The greater part the steel bolted order facilitate demolition. The Perisphere and Trylon and number the larger arches and towers, however, have and some cases welding used, With the exception the impor- tant structures the steel is, course, comparatively light, running the neighborhood 500 pounds the piece. Furthermore, there much more variety than normal commer- cial work due the great variety architectural shapes. This has made the preparation the working draw- ings for the steel and its fabrication more than the average work ESTIMATED QUANTITIES STEEL AND IRON USED THE WORLD'S FAIR SITE Estimated Orders Total Tonnages Iron Placed Estimated and Steel Date Quantities Structural 36,000 42,000 Reinforcing Steel 1,800 2,100 Steel and Cast Pipe 9,500 10,000 Metal Lath Misc. 6,000 10,000 TOTAL 53,300 64,100 Steel Construction the where there generally large amount similar construction. Rapid progress the construction work the Fair has been due the rapid fabrication and delivery the steel. The structural steel for almost all simple frameworks beams, columns, trusses, and angle bracing. Connec- tions have been designed that field bolting instead riveting used most exclusively. few the relatively high buildings where wind resistance major factor and where clearances not permit angle rigid portals have been necessitated field riveting. With the exception the structural steel work for the Perisphere and Trylon, the structural steel work for the bending machines! Above shown part the construction work the General Motors Building, somewhat typical the non-conventional structural steel plans the Fair. 36—THE IRON AGE, November 10, 1938 New York Fair Aviation Building presented the most interesting problem. This building designed suggest the shape airplane. The center part the build- ing corresponds the fuselage. framed with steel arches composed These arches have clear span approximately 130 ft. They were erected three pieces and the joints were field riveted. The front part the building corresponds the nose dome approximately ft. high. The covering the dome supported steel arches which frame single arch truss the juncture the nose the building with the fuselage portion. The structural steel framework for the Long Island Railroad station the Fair site also unusual. The roof arched trusses. These trusses are spaced approximately ft. apart. secure effective light inside the station proved desirable provide between the main arch trusses clear window panels with obstructing steel brac- ing members. This was accomplished designing triangular three-dimen- sional trusses which are braced. support the wood joists which the roof placed. PHILIP HOGAN, Chief Engineer and Director Construction the World's Fair, Harvard, class 1903, was assistant engineer original subway construction; for engaged the construction the Catskill Aqueduct, leaving this 1920 engage private practice. has been member the firm Parson, Klapp, Brinckerhoff and Douglas since 1926. Has been successively Director the New York Water Power Investi- gation; consulting engineer numerous power and other construction projects for numerous private interests, for the United States Government, the State New York, and other political sub-divisions through the United States and Canada. Served the Army, May, 1919; two years France grades from Captain, Engineers, Lieutenant Colonel, General Staff. Has been Director and Vice-President the American Society Civil Engineers; First Vice-President Society American Military Engineers; General Chair- man Construction League the United States; member American Society Mechanical Engineers and American Institute Electrical Engineers. Awarded D.S.M. and Order the Purple Heart (U. citation A.E.F.; Con- spicuous Service Cross (New York State); Chevalier Legion (French). Root Construction Co. who were con- sultants the Fair for this problem. Another interesting use structu- ral steel that for the Auditorium portion the World’s Fair Theatre. The roof this auditorium sup- ported arches composed straight Numerous pylons are being erected wide flange sections with beveled the Fair site. general these joints and riveted connections. This pylons have structural steel frame- design was developed the Arch work supporting either wood framework for these pylons very simple, consisting either angle T-beam legs with diagonal angle braces. Pylons THe Railroad Building begins take form. Its circular sweep will provide imposing and attractive home for railroad progress. Two particularly interesting pylons THE IRON AGE, November are those for the Textile Building. The pylons, which are approximately 100 ft. high, are built the shape hairpins. They are made struc- tural steel channels laced together with structural steel All connections are welded. The steel painted with aluminum and has been left entirely exposed. The principal function these hairpin towers outside their architectural effect support decorative treatment tubing. Ramps and Bridges The Fair corporation has used the construction ramps and bridges approximately 2,500 tons steel. Among the- most interesting these structures the ramp leading from the Fair grounds the Administration Building. This ramp has wooden appropriately, leum Building the Fair built upon foundation oil tanks. Beth- lehem Steel Co. furnished this maze structural shapes. 38—THE IRON AGE, November 1938 Steel takes its own medicine and uses its own product for the framework its imposing exhibit. Here again find curves predom- inating over straight lines. canopy supported from the underside exposed steel arch trusses. The steel was designed that the arch trusses supporting the canopy appear integral part the triangular legs that support the framing for the ramp The Fair has built three permanent bridges for the Park Department. girders with curved lower flanges. For temporary use during the Fair each these permanent bridges has been ex- tended either side additional steel framing support wood decks. The total length bridges and ramps the Fair Corporation about 3,200 ft. Use Stainless Steel The Fair corporation has provided use stainless steel the ° ° ° main facade the duPont Building presents Inviting struc- tural steel approach for future Fair goers. Theme development. The soffit the Helicline its entire length ap- proximately 900 ft. faced with stain- less steel. The most extensive use the site stainless steel will for the ex- hibit building being erected the United States. Steel Corp. This build- ing will have stainless steel dome supported exposed arch trusses. The corporation has also made ex- tensive use chain link fabric fence along its boundaries. There are now erected placed order approxi- mately 37,000 feet 9-ft. high chain link fabric fence and approximately 22,000 ft. 6-ft. fence. Powdered Coal Furnace Uses Lightweight Firebrick OUR new were built the plant the Walworth Co., Greensburg, Pa., would require eight annealing fur- naces replace the ten old and obso- lete units. Since the installation these four annealing furnaces, the time element has been reduced much that today these four furnaces have the same output the previous ten. Even though located gas field, Conner, superintend- ent the malleable division the Walworth Co., decided construct furnaces utilize powdered coal fuel. Furthermore, the known fact that insulating firebrick often severely damaged pow- dered coal fuel, was none the less decided combine the two. The fur- naces finally constructed were made firebrick backed with in. 1,600-deg. the deg. insulating firebrick backed with in. insulating block; and the bottom was made in. in- sulating brick with in. paving brick top. The entire inside ex- posed surface was given two coats Air-Set Cement. After five heats, third coat was applied. The furnaces were placed into oper- ation during July, 1937. After year use, there evidence little dam- age from the well-known abrasive action powdered coal ash. one furnace slight pitted action has oc- curred the roof over area approximately sq. ft. However, this pitting has not been severe and the spot can easily repaired application ramming mix. Care- ful examination the walls and arch has shown them con- dition. cracks have appeared, nor have the bricks spalled. These new furnaces are producing better annealing, have reduced floor space, shortened the time cycle, and (CONCLUDED PAGE 69) ENERAL view four annealing furnaces recently installed the Walworth Greensburg, Pa., replacing ten annealing furnaces formerly used. THE IRON AGE, November 1938—39 2 4 Wy GOOD LIGHTING— Profitable three principal conditions met for satisfactory illumi- nation industry are lows: Sufficient Illumination Absence Glare Good Distribution Light Let take and discuss order each these conditions. SUFFICIENT ILLUMINATION Sufficient illumination should provided for all visual tasks. This will result quick, accurate work without eyestrain. The human eye accus- tomed thousands foot-candles outdoors—even 1000 the shade and much 10,000 bright, sunny day. Yet survey five cities and several cross-section—indicates that the gen- eral level illumination less than three foot-candles! The recommended value for active areas about foot-candles. Many processes demand levels illumination 100 foot-candles more. generally uneconomical light entire room this level, yet when the workman raises his eyes from the work, the change must not great. Here supplementary lighting plays important part. properly lighting the room least one-tenth the level the light required the work, rest for the eyes provided. Daylight cheap—but not when brought indoors. Few people realize that while the illumination outside may reach 8000 even 10,000 foot- IMPROVES QUALITY PRODUCT PRODUCTION REOUCES SPOILAGE MAKES PLANT OPERATION MORE ECONOMICAL IRON AGE, November 10, 1938 INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS ILLUMINATION ° RICHARD CHAMBERLAIN Commercial Engineering Department Westinghouse Lamp Division Bloomfield, candles, drops few hundred in- side the windows, and falls one two the center the building. The modern trend for lighting correct such conditions combination illuminations. (1) General lighting sufficient diffusion and level for less severe seeing tasks and (2) special supplementary lighting visual tasks machines work benches. The maximum variation be- tween the two should never exceed GLARE But what value would good illumination the light were not properly reflected directed? Glare may defined any bright light source within the field vision such character cause discom- INCREASES INCREASES MAKES ACCURACY SPEED SEEING VISION VISION SURROUNDINGS EASIER REDUCES MAKES FOR ORDER AND CLEANLINESS LESSENS EYE FATIGUE PREVENTS EYE STRAIN IMPROVES MORALE AND MAKES EASIER ° ° EFFECTS GOOD ILLUMI- NATION. fort, annoyance, interference with vi- sion and eye fatigue. This caused bare lamp, poorly designed light- ing fixture, reflection objects polished surfaces. With glaring light source the field vision, the pupil the eye closes order reduce the amount light entering the eye. When this occurs, the eye usually does not re- ceive sufficient light for seeing. The pupil then reopens permit more light pass, tending injure the eye and reduce the efficiency the worker. Lighting units should designed and located that they will not glaring. Glaring light responsible for many industrial accidents. LIGHT DISTRIBUTION The light should well distributed over the entire area. Glare, objection- able shadows and extreme contrasts should avoided. Light often wasted ineffectively. causes zones adequate and inade- quate light which may mean that the most light may placed where least needed, and the least light where most needed. Improper distribu- tion always means contrast light and dark areas, condition that places constant strain the eyes. All local lighting should mented general illumination. This will improve the appearance the factory, relieve the eyes and illuminate adjacent areas which otherwise might conceal obstructions and possible ac- cident hazards. aid good light distribution, the walls and ceilings should light color. Walls and ceilings are really secondary light sources, because light reflected from them. The texture the paint just important the color, however. Shiny surfaces reflect light one direction only (just like mirror) while paint with eggshell finish breaks the light and turns back much the same manner stream water played against wall breaks into mist. COST iNDIVIDUAL LIGHTING But can justify the cost good lighting factory? Investigations show that production increased from per cent per cent when good lighting substituted for poor; and this nominal cost from per cent per cent the normal pay- roll. Increases production such are indicated accompanying chart are sufficient merit the in- good lighting. Yet this not the only benefit. What about LIGHT REFLECTING VALUES COLORED SURFACES WHITE GREY WHITE LIGHT CREAM LIGHT GREEN MEDIUM PINK LIGHT GREY MEDIUM GREY DARK ORANGE COFFEE MEDIUM RED CADET BLUE DARK RED DARK GREEN PER CENT LIGHT REFLECTED Fic. 2—LIGHT REFLECTING VALUES COLORED SURFACES. safety? And what about employee morale? Obviously these two must affected. Estimations made the National Safety Council indicate that poor lighting causes approximately per cent industrial accidents. could eliminate this good lighting, then could afford spend about $75,000,000 industrial illumination. engineers estimate that only half this amount would needed Aside from all this, and means the least important, the effect the morale the worker. Good lighting PER CENT FOOT CANDLES makes for happy workers, reduces labor turnover and expense “break- ing in” new employees. THE WELL-LIGHTED FACTORY Now comes the question “If should relight factory, what kind light- ing should use?” Here again have choice. In- candescent, mercury, and combination lamps are the three now general use. The incandescent lamp should used with the proper fixtures for best RLM fixtures are recom- mended and when they are used 3—Relation between illumination and production. Above are given the results test made Detroit factory which indicate definite rela- tionship between illumination and production. THE IRON AGE, November 1938—4! ir Ss | = 4—For good lighting, all local illumination should supplemented general lighting throughout the room. This eliminates the dangerous condition contrast prevalent when local illumination used alone. mounting heights less than ft., the white bowl inside frosted lamps should used. Another type fixture ‘Sed 42—THE IRON AGE, November 10, 1938 the diffuser. This fixture recommended for use where lower brightness light softer shadows are desired. must taken see that the proper size lamps are used with the different reflectors. lamp too large may protrude beyond the rim, causing glare and directing less light downward. Mercury lighting, the modern trend industrial illumination, playing large part the modernization fac- tories today. area illuminated with mercury gives interesting appear- ance due the color emitted. The spectrum the mercury dicates that made three lines —one yellow, one yellow-green and the third violet. And our eyes respond more readily this section the visible spectrum. using mercury lighting, money may oftentimes saved. substitut-. ing mercury lamps for incandescent lamps, more light using the same power provided. 250 watt mer- cury lamp approximately equivalent 400 watt Mazda lamp light out- put. Building the Crocker- Wheeler Electric Mfg. Co., Ampere, J., eleven 400 watt high intensity vapor lamps high bay re- flectors average fifteen foot-candles the work. This but one example the many industries that have turned mercury for light. Last, but means least, com- ° ° ° Mfg. Co.—Building Eleven 400-watt high intensity mer- cury vapor lamps are used here. These units are spaced ft. apart the rows and staggered wide. The mounting height ft. The foot-candles. ° ° ° ° ° IG. Combina- lighting, vides good illumina- tion high effi- ciency. contains one 400- watt mercury lamp and three Mazda lamps. The units are spaced ft. apart and mount- ft. high. The foot candles. lighting. many ways this the ideal method for industrial use. know that incandescent lamps pro- duce light all portions the spec- trum, but they are deficient violet, blue and green. But these three colors are the very lines which mercury particularly strong! Why not com- bine the two, and have light compar- able sunlight? This was done, and October Steel Output Above September RODUCTION and bessemer steel ingots Oc- tober was per cent higher than the September total, and exceeded three million tons for the first time since October last year, according the monthly report the American and Steel Institute. Output October was 3,117,934 gross tons, which compares with 2,- 657,748 gross tons September and with 3,392,924 gross tons October, 1937. producing the October tonnage, the industry operated average 52.45 per cent capacity during the month, the first time that op- erations exceeded per cent ca- pacity. comparison, the industry operated 46.28 per cent capacity September and 58.31 per cent October year ago. the result was pleasing many ways. was more efficient than the Mazda lamp, yet gave white light that dulling destroying certain colors. Perhaps here the answer science the request for ideal substitute for daylight where accurate color matching not required. But science has not finished yet. En- average 703,823 gross tons ingots was produced weekly during October, against average output gineers still work new light sources new gases are used, new glass and new reflectors are being designed daily and efficiencies are Some day, perhaps, adequate levels illumination will the mode, and then our eyes will given the lighting that conserves energy and prevents eyestrain matter how difficult the seeing task. 620,969 gross tons per week Sep- tember, and 765,897 gross tons per week October, 1937. PRODUCTION OPEN-HEARTH AND BESSEMER STEEL INGOTS (Reported by Companies Which in 1936 Made 98.29 Per Cent of the Open-Hearth and 100 Per Cent the Bessemer Ingot Production) Reported Production (Gross Tons) 1938 Open-Hearth Bessemer 1,550,772 March 157,737 Ist Quarter .. 4,977,533 383,221 May 130,590 2d Quarter 4,902,512 380,922 Ist Months. 9,880,045 764,143 1,821,815 127,982 September ..... 2,407,233 207,887 3d Quarter .. 6,538,354 532,658 Months 16,418,399 | 2,844,358 223,208 Calculated Production Per All Companies Number Cent of of Ca- Monthly Weekly Weeks pacity 1,732,764 391,143 29.15 1,703,726 4.00 31.74 2,012,406 454,268 33.85 5,448,896 12.86 31.58 1,925,166 4.29 33.44 1,806,805 30.39 4.29 28.46 5,370,248 412,778 13.01 30.76 10,819,144 418,212 25.87 31.17 4.42 33.42 574,941 4.43 42.85 2,657,748 620,969 46.28 7,186,794 547,357 13.13 40.79 18,005,938 461,691 39.00 34.41 3,117,934 703,823 4.43 52.45 THE IRON AGE, November 10, 1938—43 ¥ i the spreading brazing metal that will not reach certain areas the assemblies. For instance, any welding done after the subassembly furnace brazed, copper cause difficulty with welding and result leaks. Accordingly copper runs parts the assemblies which removed grinding, deplating, pick- ling, some other method. sometimes possible, however, confine the copper certain areas. Several schemes can employed but the nature each particular product determines which, any, these schemes are practicable. Since, previously explained, cop- per spreads very poorly polished steel follows that using stock this description would con- fine the copper the area immediately surrounding the joint. Embedding the copper within the 44—THE IRON AGE, November 1938 UFFLE-BOX as- sembly for G-E refrigerator, formerly torch brazed, now furnace ments quality and reduction cost has been obtained. ORMERLY ma- chined from solid stock this Delco- Remy commutator sleeve and ring, now furnace brazed, with obvious savings cost. sometimes proves effective confin- ing the molten copper, because its first tendency when flows the extremi- ties the joints form fillets. Its surface tension sometimes from going any further, particularly the light the fact that the product can timed the furnace, experience, that taken from the heat shortly after the fillet forms. The presence the fillet is, course, indication that the brazing metal has crept through the joint, and the majority cases the time for this creepage gives ample strength. 3 WEBBER Industrial Department, General Electric Co., Schenectady, similar barrier machined part purposely give the brazing metal place collect that will not run down and accumulate where not desired. may prove that limitation the time the heat, reduction the amount brazing metal applied, even though the copper the outside the joint, will suffice limit the spreading. frequently necessary some “cutting and be- fore ideal balance obtained time, temperature, and quantity brazing metal. The spreading copper surfaces somewhat dependent upon the percentage hydrogen present the furnace atmosphere, for given moisture content, and has been ob- served that the tendency for copper creep increases the hydrogen content increases. reverse manner has been found that the spreading copper can limited reducing the hydrogen content. The hydrogen content the mixed gases formed the G-E combustion-type furnace-at- mosphere controller can adjusted within limits over | “= ° ° ° = q ° ° ° é a a J q j | = ° ° ° etals (With Data Removing Copper After Brazing) wide range produce the effects mentioned, and advantage taken this fact some production jobs. Materials can added the sur- faces the assemblies inhibit the spreading copper. Chromic acid quite effective this respect. Cop- per will seldom pass barrier this material which has been applied strategic locations the assemblies, assuming the chromic acid applied clean, bright surfaces. should applied oxidized surfaces, the copper will creep beneath the chromic acid through the spongy reduced-iron skin, capillary attraction. The chromic acid generally ap- plied with small care being taken keep well away from the joints brazed because gets into the joints will cause trouble. left the work after brazing, where the chromic acid applied, which must removed brushing some other method the surfaces affected are have any sub- sequent work such welding, done them. Whiting, chalk mixed with has sometimes been used keep cop- per from puddling and filling threads, but the copper will creep be- ing metal where wanted, and removing ex- cess amounts copper where limiting the creep not practicable, are dealt with this fifth Mr. Webber's ar- ticles the where and how electric-furnace brazing. The series began THE IRON AGE Sept. with subsequent articles the issues Sept. 15, 22, Oct. and Nov. neath the whiting and color the sur- faces the steel. The whiting leaves inert deposit after brazing, which feed-roll sup- port for auto- matic welding heads was formerly milled from solid stock. fabricating the as- sembly from bar stock and furnace brazing it, approxi- mately per cent has been saved its cost. can removed with brush. flash chromium plating has proved effective some cases pre- venting the flow copper certain areas. For example, refrigerator sub-assemblies which had fine mesh steel screens within them and were copper brazed some years ago, the screens were given flash chromium plating order prevent the copper from filling the openings. The scheme worked very effectively because the copper did not wet and flow the protective film chromium oxide which formed the surfaces the wire. Another scheme, though seldom used, inhibit the creep copper surfaces employ metals which themselves will not easily wetted copper but which will sufficient- wetted permit good brazing job. Such metals could contain “un- desirable” elements from the stand- point furnace brazing, such chromium, manganese, vanadium, aluminum, silicon. Sometimes desirable neces- sary remove copper fillets sur- face films from assemblies after braz- ing. most products this not necessary, but when there are subse- quent operations the assemblies such welding, carburizing, porce- lain enameling, plating, some- times best have the copper removed. Excess amounts copper, col- lected localized areas form lumps the surfaces, are generally removed grinding scraping. The thin copper coating which creeps out over the surfaces some members times, best removed chemically electrolytically. For instance can deplating stripping process. For stripping copper from the as- semblies one manufacturer uses ACUUM-CONTROL switch cover, formerly soft soldered, now cop- per brazed obtain greater strength. THE IRON AGE, November x | q Ra ° ° y solution per gal. which about per cent sodium cyanide. stripping solutien operated temperatures about 120-150 deg. utes this solution generally ample Twenty min- remove all excess copper, including the fillets, but some cases more time needed. has been found that results appreciable effect the strength the joints. stripping copper, solution gal. water, gal. acid, and Ib. chromic acid thoroughly mixed and used room temperature crock. The time required depends upon the thickness copper removed. When parts have appreciable amounts copper them they are left the solution for long hour. (To PACE blocks for armature cores for high-speed rotating electrical machines are furnace brazed supplement spot welding. Copper Ore-Reclaiming Technique Adapted for lron Ore Robins-Messiter Ore Reclaimer assembled the factory before ship- ment blast furnace England. Its purpose reclaim ore from storage pile which has been built layers predetermined proportions different kinds grades ore. moving tripper overhead belt conveyor discharging layer after layer the desired ores until complete ig 46—THE IRON AGE, November 10, 1938 tion formed. The reclaimer runs rails located the toes the storage bed, and the large triangular harrow shown the right the picture rests against the sloping end the section bed. This harrow carries large number spikes projecting into the surface the ore bed, and has slow movement back forth across the pile that the surface scratched agitated, and the loosened ore from all parts the surface flows reclaimer moves slowly but powerfully forward. The loosened ore, perfect blend all the layers the scraper conveyor consisting series plows mounted heavy chain and supported under the front the reclaimer frame. one side the ore bed belt conveyor, installed trench, carries the reclaimed ore the furnace skips. The propelling mechanism for mov- ing the reclaimer into the ore bed slow but variable speed the control operator who has avail- able higher speed travel for re- treating after bed reclaimed. This retreating travel places the reclaimer transfer car which moves another bed. Reclaimers this general type have been use for many years smelters the United States, South America, and the Belgian Congo, but found application the iron and steel industry. The machine built the Robins Conveyor Belt Co. New York. Crane Handling New Plant WILLIAM SHERMAN Detroit Editor weight large dies and special machine parts the necessity for much handling their processing imposes unusual loads crane facilities. plant layout has been viewed re- cently which offsets degree the difficulties enced routing and handling the heavy pieces material used for ma- chines and large dies, and also the numerous small dies often used conjunction with large ones. Features building design, placement ma- chines and provision ample crane facilities all contribute more than usual efficiency. The plant new one recently occupied the Cimatool Co., Dayton, Ohio. Careful planning has made possible the simultaneous processing dies and the manufacture large vari- ety standard and special machine tools the same shop. Such diversi- fication, and the ability process record volume large dies plant only 100 300 ft. are noteworthy. Layout Planned Speed Work Flow From the inception the building plans for the new plant was the aim the Cimatool organization speed the flow work and guard against interference between small jobs and large ones, between die work and the production machine tools. The result definitely less idle time machines and minimum cost handling even the largest jobs. These goals were realized because de- parture plant layout that greatly facilitates the routing jobs. The high bay, 40-ft. wide 300-ft. long, the front the building, directly line with the receiving room which the side. this bay the excep- tionally heavy die work and tryouts, and the assembly and tryout extra- large machines, are carried on. Costly have been eliminated, inter-bay movements are held minimum, and routings are planned with smoothness that permits large castings moved from one machine the next almost straight line down the wide bay. contrast, conventional layouts generally have the wide bay the center where heavy work done, while bench work and light machining are done opposite sides, necessi- tating much cross-bay handling. Each the two 30-ft. bays de- partmentalized along lines paralleling the set-up the major bay. the middle section assigned the “barber shop” roughing room, manufacture POOCK, vice-president and general manager the Cimatool Co., Dayton, Ohio. the larger machine tools, and main assembly work. The rear bay de- voted space for model room, supply room, manufacture smaller machine tools, and inclosed grinding room, tool crib, superintendent’s office, inspection room, welding heat treating departments. Large Dies Handled Efficiently Although Cimatool engaged the manufacture wide variety both dies and machine tools, one the most interesting aspects the operations the new plant concerns the efficient manner which large volume large dies handled. Castings weighing tons are treated almost they were production line. Just inside the re- ceiving department radial drill used drill facilitate han- dling the castings. Then they can carried crane into the “barber shop” for initial working with numer- ous air grinders and chippers. Out- side the roughing room, the castings are ready for the first major opera- tion, which usually planing. Several planers are available, Liberty with 14-ft. table, 65-in. wide and 45-in. high; and two Grays, one with 12-ft. table, 60-in. wide and 40-in. high, and another with 10-ft. THE IRON AGE, November 10, ross-Day ‘ % lly he to the new Cimatool plant. The building 100 300 ft. with 40-ft. bay along the front the building, 30-ft. bay under the saw-tooth section the roof, and 30-ft. bay the rear the building. table, 26-in. wide and 26-in. high. short distance away Kellering performed, when necessary, Kel- ler machine which handles work 4-it. high and 6-ft. wide. Another inter- esting piece equipment No. 350 Giddings Lewis boring machine with hydraulic tracing attachment and 5-ft. vertical adjustment. has 90-in. table. Other boring mills include two Lucas and Niles. There are numerous radial cluding 6-ft. Fosdicks. the end the bay, around the assembly space, there are work benches, each having 10-ft. surface plate. Ample Die Tryout Facilities Die tryout facilities available here rank among the best the industry. When dies are completely assembled they are returned crane press line-up near the shipping platform. Here there are five presses including Toledo No. toggle press with 106 in. between uprights and in, maximum shut height, No. 168% toggle type with in. between up- rights and No. 95F with 103 in. between uprights, equipped with Mar- quette air-cushions. With this equip- ment possible try out even the very largest automotive, tractor, farm implement, stove, refrigerator, diesel dies, etc. Although there wide range capacity and variety this side bay, heavy dies and large machine tool parts move straight line from process process. Northern crane services this bay from the shipping room the far end the final assembly stage the foreground. The plant layout departure from the more conventional practice having the wide bay the center the building, necessitating much cross-bay move- 48—THE IRON AGE, November 1938 ment crane truck. cranes service the center bay where larger machine tools are manufactured and assembled. The bay the rear used for manufacturing and assembly smaller machine tools and also houses model room, supply room, enclosed grinding room, tool crib, office, inspection room, welding and heat treating departments. Both bays are well lighted and have wide aisles. complete die programs processed each year, the company specialist front ends, tops and door dies for automobiles. 15-ton Northern crane over the 40-ft. bay major piece over- head equipment. Two 5-ton North- erns over the roughing department are supplemented five high-lift hoists. The center bay area covered three Northern cranes 5-ton capa- city. The machine tool division the third bay integral part that bay, with entirely separate facilities for manufacturing and assembly, but all work this division done conjunction with the work other sections the shop. Floor space actually allotted various types work kept variable meet seasonal needs the machine tool and die de- partments. Another interesting feature this organization the relatively low rate labor turnover. Nearly every man the shops has been Cimatool’s service for number years. This the result equitable labor policy and wide diversification work drawn from many industries. Every possible effort made even out die and machine tool construction throughout the year—seasonal layoffs are less severe and fewer number than customary this line work. Recapitulation Third Quarter Statements Leading Steel Companies Third Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Nine Months Nine Months 1938 1938 1937 1938 1937 $5,847,791 $5,010,426 $30,617,638 $12,150,368 $90,852,853 Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co..............ccccecess 727,546 118,033 3,586,495 749,042 10,494,627 1,813,997 1,005,863 3,908,495 16,935,967 1,098,245 1,135,097 4,433,375 3,156,418 12,620,532 Estimated total for entire industry............. $8,920,000 $10,235,000 $73,168,000 $23,700,000 $222,030,000 Rate ingot output........... 41% 31% 80% 34% 83% Bold face type indicates loss. THE AGE, November « f 4 4 ae Grinders Again Predominate longest grinder its kind existence has just been com- pleted Norton Co., Worcester, Mass. will accommodate work in. diameter and ft. long. Due the highly accurate method alining the 60-ft. base ways, was possible meet the particular cus- tomer’s specifications straightness within in. and roundness within and ft. long. movable along the table, with ways ft. apart, driven adjustable-speed 15- hp. motor through multiple V-belts and silent chain. Footstock, the sliding spindle type, has 4%-in. di- ameter live center. tapers deg. included angle, swivel table provided with graduated scales and verniers for accurate set- tings. are power driven. Ten steady-rests RIGHT XCEPTIONAL accuracy has been built into this huge Norton cylindrical grinder, which will ac- commodate work ft. long and ft. diameter. Total overall length the machine ft. and the base and work table are made two sections, held together tapered bolts. 50—THE IRON AGE, November 10, 1938 FRANK OLIVER Associate Editor, The Iron Age ° ° ° vided, pressure lubricated, with ca- pacity in. diameter. Grinding wheel head with its 25-hp. driving motor and cross feed mech- anism, together with the table traverse drive, lubricating and coolant pumps and electrical control apparatus for the whole machine, are all mounted traveling platen ft. long. Table ways are protected from dirt and splash telescoping steel plate guards extending about ft. beyond the ends the base. The grinding wheel head provided with hand feed and power rapid cross traverse. Vertical Surface Grinder SMALL size vertical spindle sur- face grinder with sturdy parts capable taking heavy cuts without LEFT Microliner instrument made the Norton Co. straightness the V-ways its long grinder bases. Music wire stretched from end end the bed and micro- scopic readings are taken every two three feet sliding the instrument bridge along the ways. the objective the microscope scale graduated thousandths inch. From the chart readings, correction bed alinement can made means base adjusting screws. vibration found the new No. model offered Abrasive Machine Tool Co., East Providence. Standard wheel in. diameter, driven 3050 r.p.m. motor through flat belt and hardened and lapped spiral bevel gears. The spindle itself massive and mounted precision ball bearings, provided with automatic adjustment for wear and end thrust. The whole assembly forms wheel slide which has square vertical ways and taper gib for wear adjust- ment. Table work surface measures in. and the table has automatically controlled movement in. and hand operated traverse movement in. Table feed speeds and ft. per min. are provided. Vertical adjustment the spindle, with auto- matic down feed, in. ments that can varied from 0.000125 0.0002 in. each table reversal. The feed dial can set throw out depth. Hand feed also provided. Horizontal Disk Grinder the features the new No. 179, disk grinder re- cently announced the Gardner Ma- chine Co., Beloit, Wis., the fact that driven standard 40-hp. motor through eight V-belts. The disk spindle ings, the lower bearing which car- ries rated thrust load 38,000 Ib. a Current Machine Tool 325 The motor also fully enclosed, ball bearing type and mounted hinged bracket com- pensate for belt stretch. Another ture louver type removable guard ring, which aids materially removal the dust and grit grinding. The louvers are cast angle and are flush with the steel wheel backing plate, extending below the abrasive surface even when worn minimum. The abrasive built six sections, in. thick, and attached the steel wheel so-called Wire-Lokt screws, for which cored holes are pro- vided the face the abrasive. Disks may also mounted means the familiar pneumatic press method. Automatic Internal Radius Grinder 120, recently introduced the Van Norman Machine Tool Co., Springfield, Mass., os- cillating type radius grinder de- signed particularly for grinding race- ways ball bearing outer rings the 204 size (about 17¢ in. diameter). XTENSION size both ends the scale are seen recent announcements grinding machine manufacturers, and even the smaller size units more power being supplied the wheel. Other announce- ments reviewed cover developments broaching equipment, step drilling feed units, special way drillers with new features, gear testing machine, production automatic lathe designed for quick changeover, gun boring lathe, combination toolroom machine, new line manufacturing millers, number improvements tapping and threading machines, and torsion spring winding machine. Work spindle has speed 2000 r.p.m. and rigidity said far excess its capacity. Wheel spindle, driven 3-hp. motor belted ball bearing jackshaft, operates ARDNER No. 179, mounted directly the wheel slide, and speed changes are made pulley changes the spindle drive unit. The workhead oscillated crank, and all slide movements are simple mechanical means. The No. 120 arranged not only for electric gaging, but also with elec- tric control the feed drum that the wheel will tracted when the predetermined size reached. fact, the complete grind- ing cycle functions automatically simple standardized electrical controls concealed back. Face Mill Grinder oscillating principle radius grinding also found the im- proved No. Are face mill grinder, made Oliver Instrument Co., Ad- rian, Mich., but unlike the machine described above, all movements are manual and the wheelhead that oscillated (by handwheel) pro- duce the corner radius inserted- tooth face milling cutters during the same set-up which the face and ABOVE 72-in. horizontal disk grinder shown with the new swinging bar type dresser, which pivots from 5-in. diameter stub shaft the left. LEFT No. Abrasive vertical surface grinder has 5-in. cup wheel driven motor the base through V-belts and spiral bevel gears, making very powerful unit for its size. THE IRON AGE, November make the set-up easier. new type rigid lip rest also used. Broaching Presses COMPLETELY new line hy- draulic open-side utility broach- ° ° ° . ing presses six standard capacities ranging from tons announced LEFT Colonial Broach Co., Detroit. These No. 120 Van Norman au- presses are especially designed for type machine broaching and assembly work long, ntende or nding t 4 ; outer bulky pieces, and for this purpose the bearings, the SAE column provided with long face- plate having transverse T-slots and rows tapped holes 6-in. steps for adjustment table height. the 15-ton machines, standard clear- ance between ram and base in., but this can increased adding periphery are ground. Different clear- ance angles may had for face and periphery and any radius corner in. Channeling cutters may right-hand cutters, then left-hand. Shell end mills may ground with RIGHT round corner one setting using new Oliver No. auxiliary spindle. Arc face mill grinder precision machine de- wheel, mounted directly the arma- tooth face mills ture shaft motor operating without radius between face and periphery. 3450 r.p.m. and having adjustment all directions. The motor ball bear- ings are provided with automatic take- eliminate end play and compen- sate for wear. The machine frame heavier, and important changes have been made the workhead and slides riser blocks the column. The column itself two-piece construction, ex- cept the and 4-ton models. separate cylinder casting permits changing machines different ton- nages and strokes, without changing the entire head assembly. Strokes are adjustable means stops the column. Ordinarily, the hydraulic pumps are direct driven from electric motors mounted horizontally the rear the column, but the design such that vertically mounted motors may lo- cated within the column. | — IMILAR design principles the modified No. thread grinder described page Hydraulic Step Drilling Unit the Oct. issue are found the No. universal thread grinder made Ex-Cell-O the has been extended further. This size grind automatic hydraulic step drill- ength may ground. machine will grind both directions and will handle tapers orp., Detroit, for use in. per ft. standard wheel dresser provided for Standard, sharp Acme and Cell-O modified buttress threads. Wheel speeds range from 1900 2640 r.p.m. its 23A 25A hydraulic power fee 52—THE IRON AGE, November ~ are tors that lo- rill- feed units for multiple drill heads. The step drilling unit con- sists feed bar which moves with the spindle and which sliding dog for positioning the action each step held under spring tension; sta- tionary feed bar carrying fixed dog which trips the hydraulic unit rapid approach the feed position after each retraction; and adjustable hydraulic timer for regulating the depth cut each step. Each time the feed bar and head retracts (as de- termined the timer) the sliding dog returns with the bar new position and acts throw the feed after rapid traverse the previous depth cut reached. The cycle continues automatically until the hole com- pletely drilled. Special Driller and Tapper LTHOUGH the No. three- way unit type way driller and taper illustrated was made Baker Brothers, Inc., Toledo, for the specific purpose drilling and tapping two holes in. centers steering knuckle support arms, there are num- ber design principles involved ap- plicable general line way drill- ers. The standard unit heads have saddles mounted four 3%-in. di- ameter steel bars, in. length be- tween the bracket supports which are bolted the steel unit bed. With the materials specified for bars and bush- ings, the wear factor said 1/85th case hardened steel sim- ilar material flat ways. The unit the left, for drilling, and the rear