The Iron Age 1938-08-11: Vol 142 Iss 6

FRANK President J. H. VAN DEVENTER Editor c. E. WRIGHT J. A. ROWAN A. l. FINDLEY Managing Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Editors JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Resident District Editors Pittsburgh Chicago 7 7 Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents London, England Cincinnati Boston Hamburg, Germany MEYER CHARLES Post 1 Milwaukee San Francisco SANDERSON ASA ROUNTREE, JR. Toronto, Ontario Birmingham : Newark, N. J. St. Louis TURNER, JR. Buffalo Y, What the Executive Should Know ated) ee Bethlehem Operates New Galvanizing Unit Publication Office Editorial and Chestnut and 56th Sts., Executive Offices New York, N. Y =» Further Extensions Hydraulic Power Machine Tool FREDERIC Vice-President Universal Fixture Makes Short Runs Economical Precision WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer RotoMill—In Which Milling Replaces Turning JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JULIAN CHASE THOMAS KANE Automotive Industry CHARLES BAUR CARROLL BUZBY Washington News FAHRENDORF THE NEWS BRIEF Rate Activity Capital Goods le ngot Operating Rate Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying Member, Associated Business Papers *ublished every Thursday. ubscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- a oe ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 year. Single copy, cents. New Industrial Literature “‘Ironage, N. Y."’ Just Between Two ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Unton Bldg., Cleveland Products Advertised 100 B. L. Herman, Chilton Bidg., Chestnut & 56th > > ottenstein. 2 tis dg.. cago Leonard, 239 39th St., New York ndex vertisers 124 Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit C, H. Ober, 239 W. 39th St., New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh 4 D. C. Warren, P. 0. Box 81, Hartford, Conn Copyright 1938 by Chilton Company (Inc.) 7 Washington Editor | FLEXIBILITY the keynote machines Bethlehem’s flanging shop. Thanks readily adjustable working parts, wide variations outside diameters, knuckle radii and straight flange dimensions are possible with- out need for special dies heavy machine set-up charges. result, work that calls for many different forms and combinations flanging and dishing handled with HEADS maximum speed and efficiency this flanging shop And there’s further factor for speed Bethlehem’s production practically any style size machine flanged steel tank boiler head. The flanging shop located next door the plate mills and open-hearths large steel plant, providing prompt supply material for heads any desired grade steel. IRON AGE, August 1938 ESTABLISHED 1855 ... THE IRON AGE ... AUGUST 1938 Will Pay Most This Debt the course events, all debts have paid. Especially public debts. true that private creditor may forgive the debt private debtor, has sufficient cash and compassion, compromise debt case the debtor his last legs financially, but these are exceptions. But these debts are actually paid even though out the pockets the ones whom the money owed. public debt, such the $40 billion debt that will hang over the United States this time next year different matter. cannot can private debt, without repudiation and national bankruptcy. Furthermore, the case pub- lic debt the creditors and the debtors are the same persons, strange this may seem. Some people think that when the Government floats loan, the money obtained from the bankers. But the bankers have such money their own, they are merely middlemen, just Government has money its own and merely middleman. The money float Government loans comes from the income producers the coun- try. You never heard Congressman Government official banker putting his home, farm property collateral for such loan. The boys who put the most them involuntarily—are the income producers. The col- lateral that thus put against Government loan consists the present savings and the future earnings these income producers. And who are the debtors who will have pay these debts? Why strangely enough, these same, identical income producers. And who are they? Every person who has job and gets pay envelope, every person who gets salary check, every widow who lives life insurance, every investor who draws dividends. Each them will contribute, through taxation, the payment this debt. "That let's says the wage earner and the small salaried man who gets perhaps $25 per week. But don't fool yourself. Eighty-four per cent the national income earned wage earners and salaried workers. That leaves only per cent come from dividends, interest, life insurance payments, etc. And that, turn, means that labor will have pay the lion's share the $40 billions that Uncle Sam shortly will owe. Already the man with income $25 per week less actually handing over per cent his earnings the Government the form taxes every- thing buys. And people with large incomes are being taxed, visibly and invisibly, per cent more what they earn receive. Even the debt gets bigger and bigger! The man with the small income the one who suffers the most, when his country goes And and his brothers have pay the most redeem the pawn Vol. 142, No. € 7 * ; J | | | : | | 7 | ine ; | ticket. | \ ANY manufacturers not ap- preciate the potential savings adequate inventory con- trol system. The ideally perfect sys- tem maintains the smallest inventory possible consistent with perfect ser- vice customers. Larger inventories than actually re- quired are costly many ways. the first place large inventories tie funds which could used for other purposes. Then, too, ware- house space must provided. More- over greater insurance must car- ried the excess stock. addition excellent opportunity offered lose substantial sums market ad- justments when there falling mar- ket. not uncommon find stocks finished goods cluttered with obsolete items and items which seldom move ever. The only real justification for carrying item stock its fre- quent movement although com- paratively few cases stocking nomi- nal supply item can justified the ability render emergency ser- vice carry complete line. Consequently actual analysis orders should the guide estab- lishing new stock item. This source expense should not left open blind judgment intuition. establishing inventory control system sharp distinction should made among the items already stock between standard stock items and excess obsolete items. analysis shipments all stock items should made, determining the number items that were shipped gnly once during the year, the number having two shipments, etc., well the 22—THE IRON AGE, August 1938 the Executive Should HEN inventory ex- ceeds two-thirds working capital your net worth between $50,000 and $250,000 per cent for larger companies, the danger point has been reached. item the bal- ance sheet easily con- trolled merchandise hand. New items should placed stock only after showing sufficient move- ment over the past year. number items which shipped all. Determining Required Movement When this data obtained movement will required item stock item. For example, most liberal decision (giving the benefit the doubt carrying items stock) would one requiring item have two shipments per year item. other words any item hav- ing less than two movements per year obsolete item. The exact number shipments required, course, will vary with different businesses and will depend great deal upon the nature the business. standard stock item one which will replaced when the stock de- pleted. this, excess obsolete items are not replaced when the stock supply shipped out. The distinction between standard stock and excess stock items not fixed thing, which once determined, re- mains the same for all time thereafter. the contrary, the matter should the subject constant check and re- view. This means item which has standard stock item for many years may change its character and become excess obsolete item the required number shipments are not maintained from year year. like manner, excess item may be- come popularized the point where qualifies standard stock item. ledger record should estab- lished for each section the inven- tory (finished goods, raw materials, supplies, etc.) with separate sheet card for each separate item. fact, separate sheet should maintained for each change the style regardless how minor. For example, even though the only difference that one item plated enameled packed different weight package, sepa- rate records should kept. Visible Records Have Advantages Inventory records for many years have been kept cards 4in. 6in., Although card records per- haps still predominate use, modern visible records seem lend themselves particularly well inventory records. Visible records offer the advantage greater speed posting, savings high per cent being claimed some cases. Among the disadvantages less flexibility indexing. other words the division tabs between pages the visible sheets must placed more less regularly every many sheets regardless whether logical division comes that point not. This contrasted the index tab 7 ( 4 \ \ | s ( ( \ | a Know About ° EUGENE CALDWELL General Manager, Wrought Washer Mfg. Co., Milwaukee. ° ° cards for card file, which may placed the logical location without Also visible equipment not quite flexible expansion the card record, although the former will ac- commodate two three additions any point any page sertions greater number sheets one point can only accomplished rearrangement several pages sheets. Fireproof the Records Consideration should given the inventory records. case fire damage the plant the inventory records would invaluable making insurance adjustments. file cabinets can obtained for the card file, although the equip- very expensive. this ac- count the visible records, particularly when book form, are often ad- vantage because they can. carried into the vault overnight. When the type record decided two different cards standard stock items and the other for excess items. However, only one file should that is, the two different colors will the same file, for the reason that person checking determine item stock should not required look through two different files. The cards sheets should the order which they found most easily when checking determine the item stock. stvle numbers are used connection with the items and possible the numbers this same order, there considerable advantage, and vantages maintaining perpetual the necessity extra numerical index style numbers eliminated. About the which should planned would require four columns the (across the width the form there will room for several groups four columns each). would permit recording the date, an- other the quantity received, the third the quantity issued, and the fourth the balance. From this simple arrange- ment any additional elaboration which merited can added. For example may found desirable provide column for order number movement stock can traced particular customers. Some inventory systems record the items dollars well number pieces weight. such cases, additional columns will have ar- ranged for showing the unit price and extending the total value. The summa- tion the value all the cards equals control figure for inventory the general ledger. Not Necessary Record Money Value Nevertherless net necessary keep the inventory cards money for fact, extending the balances into dol- lars for each transaction not even necessary when the system also used perpetual inventory set-up. The dual purpose the card visible record should always kept mind, for indeed would rather foolish use such system for inventory control only without enjoying its ad- inventory control figure for the general ledger. this way accurate state- ment the business can drawn off every month without taking physical inventory. When the inven- tory records are used for perpetual inventory control figures longer necessary take inventory the complete plant once year. Instead this the entire in- ventory divided into sections, nearly possible into equal twelfths. Then one twelfth the inventory checked each month and the card brought into agreement. When the cards are kept pieces pounds only and the dollars are not extended, the unit cost should re- corded among the information the heading the card. matter fact several places for cost with the corresponding date should provided inasmuch the cost changes occa- sionally. Signal Systems Then metal cellophane signals should provided for the cards sheets covering excess obsolete stock items (distinguishable their characteristic color). Whenever during the month shipment made quantities added the excess items, should placed that card sheet, indicating change since the first the month. Thus when taking off the new control figure the end the month, only necessary check all the comparatively few standard stock item cards and the ex- cess item cards having signals them. The quantities can extended using the cost shown the card THE IRON AGE, August 1938—23 7 = 4 | : ) f CE | j {| | : ‘ get the change inventory Such additional information should provided for the top the card will service. The loca- tion the warehouse will usually advantage and, course, such information size, part ‘number, description, and weight per piece can seldom dispensed with. general thing excess items ac- cumulate finished goods stock be- cause mistakes the plant office. wrong size made up, which returned the customer, and placed stock. perhaps the cus- tomer himself made the mistake and policy permits its return, although the item had not previously been carried. Sometimes, too, extra quantity made the chance that someone else may order the same thing. Reason for Stocking the excess cards frequently advantage record why the item was placed stock well the name the original customer. Ob- viously, the department responsible for the error should charged with 24—THE IRON AGE, August 1938 DERN visible records lend themselves well inventory Above the form used the author. made two colors, one color being used for items that com- ° ° and made realize the cost carrying item for which there little use. When visible records are being de- signed, consideration should given what information should placed the visible portion and what elsewhere the form. For example, there would object placing the maximum and minimum figures the visible portion because these would not usable without uncover- ing the remainder the form and consulting the current stock quantities determine the maximum and minimum figures had been exceeded. the other hand, the placing cer- tain information the visible portion may greatly facilitate various opera- tions. example, part list tabulated frequently from the inven- tory records and all the information needed can placed the visible section, the speed with which these tabulations can made will creased greatly. Very careful consideration should given the establishment maxi- mum and minimum quantities for the standard stock items. maximum nor minimum figures will shown prise standard stock and the other for irregular excess items. the excess and obsolete cards, course. There some confusion the minds some people the meaning these maximum and mini- mum figures. The minimum figure set the lowest point safe allow item fall. When the stock reaches this figure made out sufficient raise the stock the maximum. The difference between the maxi- mum and minimum quantities consti- tutes the amount order. This quantity should studied out care- fully, taking into economic quantities produce one time, length time necessary al- low get material, and all other similar factors. frequently results that single order will deplete particular item considerably below the The quantity necessary bring the stock the maximum, therefore, might easily quantity which cannot produced economically. Consequently some firms add third figure, “Quan- tity Order.” (TO CONCLUDED SUBSEQUENT ISSUE. | \ ity 30, del the in, ing lev the len she the ten the wit cha ° ° ° ECKHARDT Assistant Chief Engineer, Lackawanna Plant, Bethlehem Steel ° supply the increasing demand for galvanized sheets Lake Region, New England and the upper Mississippi Valley, Bethle- hem Steel Co. recently opened new galvanizing plant the Seneca Divi- sion the Lackawanna, Y., plant. the same time, the hand sheet mill has been modernized and equipped for utilizing hot rolled strip breakdowns from the new continuous hot strip mill, the manufacture black qual- ity sheets. The capacity this department about 10,000 tons per month black quality sheets, which can produced heavy gages, and in. maximum No. gage, 144 in. long. Strip, 0.056 0.076 in. thick, delivered the storage building the sheet mill department coils in. wide. This storage build- ing has capacity about 2000 tons. Coils weighing from 5000 6000 Ib. each are handled from storage crane and magnet cutting-up line which consists upender, roller leveler, up-cut shear with gage bar, scale, matching table and cold the coils pass through these machines, they are lengths, matched and cold doubled into sheet packs for subsequent rolling the hot mills. Seven pack heating furnaces, five one group and two another, are used for heating the steel rolling temperature. For normal operations, the group five furnaces adequate meet requirements. Two the fur- naces are the chamber type with hearth ft. long in. wide inside. these, one has three- chain conveyor and used for packs in. in. wide, while the other equipped with two-chain conveyor and used for packs from in. Bethlehem Operates New Galvanizing Unit in. wide. Two other furnaces the group five are the double chamber type, with hearth area ft. long and in. wide each cham- ber, and two-chain conveyor each half. The fifth furnace the group the single type and has hearth ft. long and in. wide; the re- maining two furnaces, the second group, also have hearth area ft. in. All the pack heating furnaces are newly mechanized two-high sheet mill Lackawanna plant used process steel for the recently built galvanizing plant. the same general construction, built refractory brick with insulated sides, bound steel plate casings. They have insulated roofs sprung arch design and are fired with gas from three bituminous coal gas pro- ducers located adjacent build- ing, two which are required for full operation, the third serving spare. the ft. single furnaces are divided into three heating zones, with gas burner for each zone, while the TES | 1s n- of is re- al ° ° ° 1er —— | view the galvanizing line the new galvanizing plant the Seneca Division Bethlehem Steel Co. double furnaces are equipped with two burners each chamber. The ft. long single furnaces are equipped with two gas burners each. All parts the chain conveyors the hearth the furnaces are alloy insure proper heating the sheet packs the fuel input controlled through thermocouples eters which actuate valves and regu- late the amount gas fed the burn- ers the adjacent heating zone. addition, automatic fuel-air maintained for proper combustion. The temperature each zone the furnace kept about 1500 grouped panel, centrally located. further facilitate the regulation the gas the furnaces, the pressure the gas main maintained con stant, with maximum variation plus minus 0.05 in. water. Four Stands Mechanized Arranged along the front the furnaces are seven two-high with in. diameter rolls. One group five mills driven sin- gle 1700 hp. motor and operates speed r.p.m.; the second group two mills also driven single the group five mills, four are equipped with fully mechanized 26—THE IRON AGE, August 1938 car and acid dip tank the galvanizing installation. feeder and catcher tables, whi'e the fifth stand operates conventional hand sheet mill; the two remaining stands are also conventional hand sheet mills. The four mechanized stands are equipped with mechanical conveyors for handling the hot packs hetween the furnace and the the double furnaces and the three- chain furnace these conveyors are herringbone design center the heated packs the mechanical tables ahead the mills, while two-chain single furnace, single veyor leads the feeder table the mill. the charging end the furnaces, the cold packs are fed hand the furnace conveyors. packs are re- quired the mill the pushes single control button the discharge end, the furnace door opens, the conveyor and charged toward the mill. the same time, cold pack charged the other end the furnace, and the door automatically closed. this man- ner, the packs are through the furnace, which cient length insure uniform heating correct temperature, thus contribut- ing the surface quality the sheets. Each mill has rated capac- « < 7 ( 1 1 - | ity about tons per turn, and the sheets produced are aver- age gage 22.8. Pre-heating the rolls correct rolling temperature accomplished means electric roll heaters. Dur- ing the operation, the shape the roll maintained the use gas steam, heating cooling The mill stands are also equipped with automatic roll polishers which maintain good roll surface added insurance good sur- face the finished sheet. the ordinary rolling operation, sheets gage and heavier are matched, heated and finished pairs. Sheets gage inclusive are rolled and finished one heating, packs fours, starting with two breakdowns cold doubled into For production gage, break- downs are matched threes, doubled cold and finished one heating, sixes. Sheets lighter than gage are matched cold fours, heated, rolled, then hot doubled into packs eight for second heating and final The hot doubled packs are returned the charging end the furnaces, motor driven inclined chain conveyor, for re-heating. The usual practice roll the hot doubled material the mills which are served double chamber furnaces, using one chamber for cold packs, and the other chamber for hot double packs. After receiving the fina! rolling pass the finished packs are carried gravity conveyor tilting mech- anism which deposits them mo- tor driven chain cooling conveyor leading resquaring shear. this time they have cooled point where they can easily handled, trimmed size, opened and stacked. Each the mechanized mill stands equipped with its individual conveyor system and squaring shear. large percentage the sheets can further processed anneal- ing, cold normalizing, level- ing and pickling, required, and sold black sheets, while the balance the production diverted galvan- Nine stands conventional two- high cold mills are used for skin pass- ing the black sheets. Five these are arranged one group, driven motor, while the remaining four are arranged groups two an- other point the plant. Two 100 ft. normalizing furnaces, picklers, scrub- bers, levelers and resquaring shears tound out the auxiliary finishing ma- chinery for the black sheet depart- ment. New Galvanizing Equipment The galvanizing department recent- placed operation has capacity 3000 3500 tons per galvanized sheets will produced the following ranges: No. gage, 144 in. maximum size; No. gage, 144 in. maximum size. Sheets are produced all standard ranges coating weights. Formed roofing, both corrugated and V-crimp, sheets are transferred another crate which moved adjacent build- ing over driven conveyor. From this point the loaded crate handled crane and immersed one four water bosh tanks, each 156 in. !ong. The purpose these bosh tanks, which dissolved approximately soda ash, keep the surface the sheets from oxidizing before they are galvanized. they are re- quired, the crates with the clean sheets are moved from the tanks the feed table ahead the galvanizing emerging from the galvanizing made lengths 144 in. max- imum, well roll roofing stand- ard roll Black sheets galvanized, after annealing, are transferred ad- jacent building, where they First the sheets are placed crates acid-resistant metal, about 8000 Ib. each load, and then immersed bath containing per cent su!- phuric acid. This followed second acid dip, and finally water wash. Soda ash introduced into the water wash tank neutralize any acid remaining the sheets. After washing, the crate with the pickled sheets placed table adjacent the pickler. the rig. The woven wire belt results uniform spangle. line. High gage sheets produced the cold reducing method the con- tinuous strip mill can also ized. Two modern hot dip galvanizing lines, parallel each other, are now production. The kettles used the galvanizing lines are 106 in. long, in. wide, and in. deep. Ample space has been provided the build- ings for four additional lines. the galvanizing operation, the clean pickled sheets are first passed through muriatic acid dip (20 deg. stains. They are then fed pinch into the galvanizing rig sub- merged bath molten zinc. The (CONTINUED PAGE 58) THE IRON AGE, August 1938—27 cal ter yn- ‘ the | 7 j dé - Sha Aluminum MBARKING upon the construc- tion its own light weight bus bodies new division Cleveland, the White Motor Co. coordinating materials and methods toward ultimate production rate four buses per day. the bodies, which previously had been supplied body maker, in- creased use being made alumi- num. Around minor parts, mostly screws, have been eliminated through the employment aluminum extru- sions. Body side posts and the under- frames the buses are light weight, high tensile, corrosion resis- tant steel; wood retained present 28—THE IRON AGE, August 1938 for the bus floors, and roof sheets are corrugated aluminum. Illustrative how extrusions have resulted the reduction minor parts are the I-beams, the wainscoting strips and the supports for the side- lining. the extruded side roof I-beams are attached the upper roof sheet, the side roof sheet, letter board, the headlining, which fits slot the beam, and the card rack panel. order accomplish the same design ° JAMES Cleveland Editor, THE IRON AGE ° ° without the extruded member White engineers assert they would need pressed channel with two angles riv- eted its back, and molding cover the headlining joint. Five oper- ations and four parts are eliminated through use the extrusion. The lower sidelining panel held place groove the top edge the wainscoting strip, which the shape what architects term “cove molding.” belt window sill extrusion, sid int widely employed White bodies, being j ol ar ra ar being made extrusions. Here puminum parts. Saves 1680 Lb. White Bus which runs the whole length the side the bus body, particularly interesting. The extrusion the form inverted The inside vertical leg forms the belt finish; the lower edge this vertical leg grooved accept the sidelining. The top the inverted forms the rest for the sash. The outside leg forms the attachment for the outside panels. Extruded sections are made aluminum and are ordered length. All heavy formed, curved parts the bodies such rafters, corner pieces, rear belts and side letter boards, and_ blanked from the aluminum This alloy heat quenched, treated and but not aged when enters the White factory. Typical properties this alloy unstretched condition are designated the Aluminum Co. America follows: Yield strength 25,000 tensile strength 36,000 per cent elongation, 18. BELOW IEW skeleton interior one the new White aero- aluminum city coaches. Note ex- beams, which are aluminum extrusions, which are at- tached the upper roof sheet, side roof sheet, the headlin- ing and the card rack panel. The parts are formed and blanked, and then heat treated furnace 320 deg. for hr., raising the yield point approximately 42,000 and reducing the elongation around per cent. Engineers the White Co. assert that there warpage distortion the 320-deg. heat treating tempera- ture. Shop layout prick punching has been practically eliminated, master templates being used for all parts for blanking and punching, with full in- structions for the operator being im- printed upon the templates. in- stances where impossible punch, hardened bushings are welded into the master template and the piece drilled. Strippet punches are used long strips requiring numerous This method differs from gang punching that each punch held separate jaw vise, and the jaw can rotated around the punch center for unequal spacing. holes. Three lines for assembly the bodies are provided the new plant. | ' | ° ° ° 4 j re No. line being for the body shell assembly, No. for the power unit assembly and No. for the final as- sembly for sash doors, seats, handrails and all interior trim. Each line approximately 300 ft. long. Parts storage and punching are centered floor underneath the as- sembly lines. All parts are primed hot caustic bath, cold water rinse, bath phosphoric acid, before being sent the priming booth. Assembly the lower side girder the bus the first sub-assembly operation, the side being run through 54-in. vertical riveting machine. The two sides are next assembled the upper post assembly and the letter- board. IRON AGE, August 1938 bins for stocking aluminum sheets sions. Around 1500 minor parts, mostly screws, have been elim- inated through the use the ex- trusions. All heavy-formed, curved parts the bodies are formed and blanked from the aluminum alloy Other sub-assemblies going forward the same time the sides include the roof, the front and the rear the body. Meanwhile, the underframe SSEMBLY line for construction White's 12-cylinder under- floor engines, used power the new coaches. The three displace- ment sizes are interchangeable between the three coach models. also being sub-assembled. After sub-assembly the body sections, they are picked overhead bridge and sent station the assembly line for complete shell assembly. From there bodies are transported dollies the paint shop for water test, then returned No. line where they are hoisted and carried along the line means four supports con- nected the four wheel housings from the overhead conveyor system. White engineers estimate that saving 1680 has been made the new metal shell (40-passenger bus model), the old design weighing 4780 lb. compared the present model’s 3100 Ib. The new White bus models are ° ° ° powered 12-cylinder horizontally opposed, under-floor engines built three displacement sizes allow op- changeable between the three models, the engines are 530, 601, and 681- cu. in. displacements. Radiator and fan are mounted the center the rear the coach. Carburetion ef- fected single carburetor having the three overhead as- sembly lines White's new plant. One line for the body assembly, another for the power, unit assembly, and the third for the final assembly. Each line approximately 300 ft. long. double throat, one for each bank cylinders which are maintained fixed synchronization single float HIS year the Electric Storage celebrating its 50th anniversary. one the features marking the occasion, has created known “Mr. Exide.” company states: “Who this man? individual does not exist. ‘Mr. Exide’ comprised the pho- every department the company’s business. “In making this picture, normal photographs were taken each man under the same lighting conditions, the same distance from the lens, and with the same kind photographic film. The negatives were developed the ‘time and temperature’ method. However, despite the care taken the exposure and development these pictures, the size the image varied, and the negatives were three general classes order that each negative got 1/67 the full exposure the finished com- posite picture, the negatives were sorted according .to density, and printed accordingly. chamber. The engines have sump and under engine pan, integral- cast cylinder bores fitted with dry sleeves and single distributor for all cylinders with 12-lobe cam. All three coach models have maxi- mum interior headroom 78-in., aisle widths and are equipped with seats the tubular frame type with leather cushions. Naturally, any large group men the distance between the line the mouth and the pupil the varies into long and short. Measure- ment this distance all negatives. however, enabled determine the average distance. projecting this average face from photographic en- larger onto mask covering the printing frame, markings made for eye pupils and mouth line. The mask covering the printing frame was then turned back, and the nega- tive was given, depending upon its density, exposure equal 1/67 the finished composite. quent negative was placed the en- larger and adjusted (very slightly) the markings the eye pupils and mouth the printing frame mask, and then printed. This operation was repeated times and the composite picture the result.” The photograph was created Goodwin, Exide laboratory photographer, and Gillespie, Ex- ide advertising department. THE IRON AGE, August j 4 m 1e a 1S —— ‘ FRANK OLIVER Associate Editor, The Age perhaps the first time this country, hydraulic drive and hy- draulic feeds have been applied slotter. Based upon its hydraulic planer and shaper experience, the Rockford Machine Tool Co., 2420 Kishwaukee Street, Rockford, has developed the Hy-Draulic slotter rating, with maximum stroke. Application power the ram straight line, close the ram bearings. Speed and pressure are constant throughout the cutting stroke. Reversals are said smooth and shockless, and the re- turn ratio higher than found mechanical drives. unlimited se- lection speeds and feeds are avail- able throughout the range simple adjustment. Strokes short in. can taken full speed. The machine structure substan- tial take heavy cuts without undue deflection. box section column pro- vides rigid support for the ram-guide and houses rapid traverse and trans- mission gears, the hydraulic piping and electrical controls. The bed rigid one-piece casting which the column bolted. Saddle extra heavy and has large bearing surfaces with take-up gibs. Cross-slide pro- vides maximum support for the 42-in. 32—THE IRON AGE, August 1938 rotary table which driven worm and wheel. dividing head standard equip- ment. Hydraulic feed provided all directions: longitudinal, transverse and rotary, controlled levers grouped the Con- tinuous control the machine from any working position given pendant switch. Two-Spindle Boring Machine NIT head construction has been applied Newton heavy duty two-spindle boring machine for bor- ing and facing cast steel electric rail- way motor frames, made dated Machine Tool Corp., Rochester, Hydraulic feed and rapid tra- verse either direction provided both heads, and addition feed each head, spindles are mounted sleeves adjustable for and out posi- tion. The unit heads, with driving motors, are mounted saddles which slide wings, which turn are fastened stationary, floor type work table. The table carries pilot bushings for the two bars. The larger boring bar carries rough and semi-finish boring tools, chamfer- ing bits and facing tools for one end the work. This bar also has pro- vision for holding too!s for facing and the other end the casting. The smaller boring bar has provision for three boring tools, weli fac- ing tools. Cutting lubricant brought the tools pump. Further Extensions Hydraulic reviewing the announce- ments the machine month, find hydraulic drive and feed applied slotter for the time. hydraulic motor used drive the spindle production thread grinder, and hydraulic power also applied the wheel dresser the same machine. new double end threader, hydraulic means are used clamp the work, feed the Precision Thread Grinder improved line series No. production thread being offered Ex-Cell-O Corp., De- troit, which particular attention given insuring maximum accuracy. Not only compensator provided take care changes the lead the work due room tem- perature variations, but oil cooler. also available maintain constant coolant temperature. Provision lead compensator also grinding metric pitches ma- chine primarily designed for grinding standard pitches. Taper threads in. per ft. either direction can ground. Ability grind both directions ° ° ° ARGE cast steel rail- way motor frames are bored and faced this special Newton unit head boring ma- chine. 7 ’ = = 1 ( I ; ail- nes na- Power heads during the threading part the cycle), and eject the piece. conventional application large unit head boring machine also illustrated. Other developments include number small grinder designs, precision bench lathe, line light type millers with fast travel fea- ture, special machine for one the arsenals and pattern miller. made possible endwise shift- ing the lead screw, taking out all backlash, when the hydraulic motor driving the work spindle auto- matically reversed the end each ECAUSE the push-rod holes this aluminum alloy valve gear case radial aircraft engine are different level than the other half, necessary shift the upper part the fixture hydraulically this special single-spindle Ex-Cell-O precision boring Buttons the lower part the fixture locate the work for height. Radial locating holes and spring loaded plunger facilitate circular indexing hand. Production cases per hr., covering individual boring operations. Feed, 0.0015 in. per rev. the finish operation. achine Tool Designs stroke. Another feature the infinite speed variability this motor, allow- ing for maximum grinding efficiency. Dressing the grinding wheel has been arranged that can ac- complished without slowing down the wheel, thereby dressing the wheel un- der actual operating conditions. The new cam type universal dresser interest. Using inter- changeable cams, this device will auto- matically dress wheels grind exter- nal threads with Standard, 60-deg. sharp, Acme, Whitworth special thread forms. The unit hydraulically driven, and after each dressing, the cross feed handwheel adjusted micrometer compensate for the predetermined amount dressing cut. Surface Grinder the new type SG-1 production surface grinder made Bergram Co., New Britain, Conn., automatically operated fixtures number and type deter- mined the nature the work are mounted revolving table, in. diameter, which passes under the grinding wheels for stock removal selected steps. Grinding wheels from modated, and feed the wheels may hand, automatic push button control. present these machines are built order only and can ar- ranged handle work pieces any reasonable height. For facility set- ting up, complete assembly fix- tures permanently mounted ring unit which readily replace- able. Spindle column and base are welded steel construction, completely stress relieved. Carbide Tool Grinder NEW low-cost ($125) carbide tool grinder has been designed bring diamond wheel machine thé full-univérsal slotter, the ram guide has vertical adjustment and power elevation. The ram itself may tilted forward THE IRON AGE, August 1938—33 = . A | 7 | —— large size roller bearings for railroad service. The set-up devised the Colonial Broach Co., Detroit, shown. Strip broaching employed, using rectangular tool which pushed through the cage opening and re- turned the top the stroke single cycle. The part then rotated the next opening around the axis the locating pilot. The main part the fixture pivoted accommodate different roller con- tact angles, and adapter plates and angle locating blades are provided for each size. within the means small shops hav- ing but few carbide tipped tools and enable larger users locate number them throughout the shop, near production machines. The unit sold through that organization and that the Carboloy Co., De- The machine single end, self-contained motor driven unit car- rying diamond impregnated wheel. has adjustable table, angle setting dial and protractor. The tool rest table, mounted face the wheel, has slot for guid- ing the motor within the base drives the ball bearing spin- dle through V-belt. There also coolant reservoir the top the machine casting, from which coolant distributed the wheel. Tool Post Grinders NUMBER post grinders have been announced for use lathes, shapers, planers Electric Tool Corp., 4627 Huron Street, Chica- go, offering such tool post grinder with without horizontal feed. LEFT ORGED steel valve plugs are being ground mirror finish taper sides this type SG-1 Bergram surface grind- er, shown arranged for wet grinding, with work holding fixtures that automatically close during the grinding por- tion the table cycle. RIGHT RECISION bearings dust proof chambers are found angle plate grinder, with vertical feed. Wodack shown grinding wheel, ball bearing motor with removable air filter pads, and toggle switch. For similar application, the same firm also offering angle plate grinders, with without ver- tical feed. Motor specifications are similar those the tool post grind- ers. All flat bearing surfaces the angle plate are accurately scraped. grinding cylinders, journals and similar work internally, angle plate grinder made with 12-in. exten- sion. This type can made with combined vertical and horizontal feed, feature that also optional the standard angle plate grinder. wheel arbors are found the new line Hisey tool post grinders, made the Hisey-Wolf Machine Co., Cincinnati. Precision ball bearings are used throughout, mounted ac- cordance with best engineering prac- tice. Motors are commutating repul- LEFT CCURACY fea- tures the im- proved series Ex-Cell-O thread grinder include oil cooler for coolant and lead compensation for changes room tem- perature. BELOW new low-cost carbide tool grinder with dia- impregnated wheel bench type in. high, with base, powered motor. WY j SS 4 / 34—THE IRON AGE, August 1938 OUBLE iocknuts the wheel shaft permit operation this Hisey tool post either direction rotation with safety. sion-induction type and are made either capacities. Slide adjustment optional. Wheel Truing Attachment where form grinding done the new compound wheel truing at- tachment, made Tool Co., Inc., Ampere, intended for mounting permanently the grinder spindle column and brought into position easily and quickly without disturbing the work the grinder table. When not use, the attach- ment simply swung out the way. With the three adjustable slides, any angular radial form can repro- duced the wheel, and combinations radial and angular forms are blended with one another give continuous form surface. move- ments are furnished with scales that the setting may recorded for future reproduction. Adjustment the diamond gage also said simplified. Bench Lathe new 12-speed, 9-in. swing precision bench lathe, recently announced the South Bend Lathe South Bend, Ind., has spin- dle speeds ranging from 1200 and intended for machining diameter parts. will cut threads from 112 per in. and has power longitudinal feeds 0.002 0.015 in. per rev. The lathe has driving motor with two-step countershaft. Other features are: pre- cision lead screw for accurate cutting threads master taps and thread LEFT compound ment for form grinders permanently mounted the grinder spindle col- umn and has three adjust- with setting ABOVE RIGHT WELVE speeds 1200 r.p.m. are found this new South Bend precision bench lathe in. swing, but particularly very small diameter work. RIGHT Brown Sharpe light type No. uni- versal milling machine with power fast travel motor built into the right side the knee (out sight this view). gages twin gear reverse for right and left-hand threads; heavy saddle with adjustable gibs the cross feed and compound rest; and hand scraped ways the bed. Light Type Millers new light type No. milling machines, plain universal, have been added the line the Sharpe Mfg. Co., Provi- Besides having all the proved advantages moderate weight, ease handling, ample rigidity and mod- ern construction characteristic the light type design, these machines addition have power fast traverse all directions the rate in. per min., provided totally enclosed, constant speed motor built into the knee. Fast motion obtained the direction the feed engaged touching button the front the knee, and independent both spin- dle and table feed drives. The trans- verse and vertical adjustment hand- wheels are each automatically disen- gaged when power feed engaged, THE IRON AGE, August 1938—35 ‘ 53 4 valve, hydraulic gripper jaws are then actuated simultaneously both threading units advance rapidly, then slow down threading speed the chasers near the end the work. The cutting speed each head independently controlled gears, providing wide range spindle speeds. Ordinarily, hydraulic pressure cut off when threading EAR view the Lanhydro double-end threading machine, showing the two hydraulically powered gripper jaws and the central cylinder for actuating the ejector arms through rack and pinion motion. machine shown was built the Langelier Mfg. Providence, for performing operations fuze body used connection with mechanical time fuze for artillery shells. made four unit heads, two which are mounted opposed. All are interlocked electrically. The left-hand head has six spin- dles for drilling, and the right-hand head, three spindles for counterboring and one for end milling. the rear are lead- screw tapping unit and single-spindle moving the dial fixture, the completed part automatically unclamped and the first move the feed stroke, the left-hand head actuates air valve for ejecting this piece. When the right-hand head starts, contacts air cleaner for the fixture. Production averages 450 pieces per hr. LEFT COMPLETE set cutters makes this new and smaller size Oliver No. 103 pattern miller for work all kinds reducing and stabilizing air pressures, intricate patterns the Dockson Co., 2885 Grand wood soft metal Boulevard, Detroit, offering the No. regulator, made die cast parts. Furnished with female pipe thread side inlet and outlet shown, with male pipe thread inlet and female pipe thread side outlet. Claimed safe, sturdy, accurate, dependable and economical. while for longitudinal adjustments, safety handcrank provided. Table driving mechanism, ways and bearing surfaces are lubri- cated each the longi- tudinal feed engagement lever, where- automatic lubrication system the knee provides intermittent oiling for all mechanisms the knee. Ca- pacities: longitudinal feed, transverse feed, in.; vertical, in. The universal type swings work centers in. diameter and in. long. 36—THE IRON AGE, August 1938 Double End Threader rods, short bars and the like from in. diameter can threaded both ends simultane- ously the Lanhydro double end threading machine, latest addition the line the Landis Machine Co., Waynesboro, Pa. Length range for the machine illustrated 68% in., but the maximum length can increased ft. desired. Work laid V-type supports and lo- cated against end stop which later withdrawn. Through control started, but through special control valve, the threading units this ma- chine can advanced under pressure definite feed rate for the full length the thread. Upon completion the threading, the die heads are opened and the threading units are re- turned their original position high speed. the same time, the gripper jaws open and work ejector cylinder actuated, which causes the (CONTINUED PAGE 50) Ww st 7 q = q ‘ | u J yt ° ° ° 7 Universal Fixture Makes Short Runs Economical Precision Borers OUTINE bor- ing, turning, and facing—usual- associated mainly with mass production work—has, recent years, undergone wide extension into low production fields. Responsible for this development are two major factors: machinery high degree flexi- bility. Availability universal fixtures which further increase flexibility. its early stages, high precision boring, facing, and turning equip- ment was highly specialized and cus- tom-built character. the de- mand for such equipment increased, was found desirable develop standard units such precision boring spindles and unit heads, which could produced quantities lower cost and yet readily adapted special requirements. The next step was the development standard machines built around standard units. which not ABOVE new type universal fixture now available for Ex-Cell-O precision boring machines that makes job-lots possible economically. duced initial cost still further, but also, inherent flexibility, eliminated much the change-over cost coinci- dent design changes. This develop- ment, while perhaps tended lower still further mass production costs, resulted the evolu- tion machinery which adapted it- self ideally the needs shops with smaller production runs wide vari- eties parts. such machines, for instance, spindles may placed the bridge any angle the line table travel. Universal Fixture Developed The final stage the adaptation precision machining low pro- duction runs consisted the ment recently universal indexing fixture designed for easy handling wide varieties work, being provided with three T-slots and six staggered apart, for mounting the work, tool bar sub-fixture. With the combination precision boring machine and 2—An exampl such fixture, one could mount the part the fixture and boring tool the spindle, the part could held the spindle and the boring facing tool held the fixture. The upper part the fixture provided with alinement keys that can mounted the cross-slide either right angles to, parallel the spin- dle. The cross-slide equipped with precision ground lead screw and the normally hand-fed fixture can readily equipped with standard hydraulic cross-feed cylinder. The extent which these develop- ments have permitted the extension precision machining routine low- rate production, may gathered from few typical examples. Fig. shows set-up single spindle Ex-Cell-O precision boring machine with tung- sten carbide tools and universal fixture for finish boring the stator body diesel injector. Lots are run through time, with six holes finished +0.0002, re- moving 0.008 0.010 in. diameter. BELOW universal type tool post mounted the universal fixture. THE IRON AGE, August 1938—37 setting up, one hole alined with the spindle, and adjustable stop and plug gage then used for index lo- cating holes. were found necessary increase frequency production runs, would simple matter add indexing fixture the universal fixture. condition, and for the facing portion the operation, standard hydraulic cylinder arrangement was the cross-feed. For operation, surface cutting speed ft. per min. worked fully, the feed being 0.003 in. per rev