The Iron Age 1938-07-14: Vol 142 Iss 2

FRANK President . H. VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor irt Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Editors JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Washington Editor MOFFETT Resident District Editors CAMPBELL ROBERT BINGHAM Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents London, England Cincinnati FRAZAR Boston Germany MEYER CHARLES Post Milwaukee San Francisco SANDERSON ASA ROUNTREE, Toronto, Ontaric Birmingham Leroy ALLISON Roy TURNER Buffalo Owned and Published by CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Office Editorial and Chestnut and 56th Sts.. Executive Offices Philadelphia, Pa. 239 West 39th New York. N. Y OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH GEORGE EVERIT TERHUNE, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasure: JOHN BLAIR JOHN VAN DEVENTER JULIAN CHASE THOMAS KANE CHARLES BAUR CARROLL BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau of Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 vear Single copy. 25 cents. Cable Address ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bldg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bldg., Chestnut & 56t! ‘ts., Philadelphia, Pa. Hottenstein. 802 Otis Bldg.. Chicago =. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St., New York Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit C. H. Ober, 239 W. 39th St., New York ’. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh C. Warren, P. O. Box 81, Hartford. Conn RON Cont 14, 1938 Time Alone Will Tell Multiple Tool Machining Truck Wheels Tumbling Bars and Shapes Tests 180 Creep Bars Simultaneously Graphic Wattmeters Machine Tool Building Winding Transformer Cores with Cold Rolled Strip Special Machine Set-Up for Aircraft Parts Light Steel Construction California Newer and Better Products Tool Builders Magnaflux Inspection Gas Cylinders Lowering Manufacturing Costs Welded Products Automotive Industry Washington News THE NEWS BRIEF Rate Activity Capital Goods Weekly Ingot Operating Rate Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying New Industrial Literature Products Advertised Just Between Two Index Advertisers Copyright 1938 Chilton Company le 28—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 Out goes rust goes you use pipe locations where subject severe atmospheric corrosion the following facts about Beth-Cu-Loy Pipe will interest you. Tests run the American Society for Testing Materials irons and steels with- price range making them available for show copper-bearing steel composi- tion identical with that Beth-Cu-Loy the best corrosion-resistor them all. This steel outlasted plain steel times and other material substantial margins. Beth-Cu-Loy costs only slightly more than ordinary steel. This original small increase cost repaid many times over longer service. BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1855 THE IRON AGE... JULY 14, 1938 ime Alone Will Tell long time the Government has put pressure the steel industry reduce prices and alter abandon its basing point system. Two weeks ago, the indus- try both these points. Speculation rife the probable effects, but speculation will not settle the mat- ter. They will have tested performance. The price change the lesser significance and will the sooner tested. few weeks months most will determine whether not the assumption that wages can disassociated from prices true false. The test the change marketing practice will take longer. And the change itself holds far more significance than the price cut. this connection interesting quote the following excerpts from the able study steel under the NRA code made Daugherty, Chazeau and Stratton from 1934 1936 and published 1937 under the title the and Steel Indus- quote from pages 544 and 545: many steel mills are not situated favorably relative their markets, nor would they position, virtue assembly costs and productive efficiency, retain the customers they have secured under basing-point delivered- price system they were compelled law sell all steel products mill. "This situation not adequate reason for the indefinite continuance economically unsound and socially un- desirable pricing system. is, however, compelling reason for the critical appraisal any proposed substitute, because abrupt change would disrupt the established competitive value location both for the plants steel mills and for those consuming industries. Only careful analysis the economic forces which impinge upon the production, distribution, and demand for given product may expected indicate the type pricing system that will secure desirable results. There social virtue low price per se, not only because price must related quality product and quantity available but also because must provide reasonable continuity production and progressive development. price that confers temporary advantage certain classes consumers the cost maladjustment within the economic structure (and may cause well effect), unemployment, loss capital, and the throttling the application new improvements certainly not the public interest and, the long run, seldom the interests those consumers "In the long run, the method pricing steel must one that consistent with the economic conditions under which the industry operates, that conforms with the major price requirements consuming industries, and that promotes pro- gressive evolution the remains seen whether not this deviation from established marketing prac- tice moves toward away from the objectives the last paragraph quoted above. Time alone will tell. Vol. 142, No. > 2 > FIG. FOUR station setup the same type machine uses tools for further cutting opera- tions. Multiple Tool Machining Mal present trend toward mul- tiple tool set ups consideration the machining qualities various metals. this respect malleable tinues retain its wide acceptance working material because, addition other desirable character- istics, its high machinability makes well adapted the economies multiple tooling. Furthermore, the metal’s smooth surface and internal 30—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 lite high speeds productive depths cuts. With about per cent all heavy duty truck and truck trailer wheels being extensively machined malleable castings, the results obtained the machine shop one large producer indicate the modern possibilities. this plant, malleable wheel castings are poured, annealed, machined, and assembled, and are shipped ready for immediate attachment trucks. Upon receipt from the foundry the wheel castings are placed, inside surface up, 24-in. Bullard vertical boring mill (Fig. equipped with versal three-jaw chuck. This chuck has special soft jaws machined contours. Three tool stations are employed the first machine using box type tools with pilot bars within hardened bush- ings. The first station contains cutting tools, and finishes wheel bearing cup and brake drum pilots. Tolerances are held 0.0015 | ips 7 able Truck Wheels in. Four tools the second station cut the groove for the grease slinger, free the brake mechanism. single tool the third station finish reams for the bearing cup and brings the bearing cup seat concentric with the brake drum pilots. Production for this machine averages wheels per hr. For the next production step (Fig. 2), wheels are placed, outside surface another vertical boring mill the same type, this machine being fitted with four tool stations. The first station rough bores for the hub cap and faces, using 10-tool setup. Four tools the second station rough bore for the bearing cup and turn for threaded screw hub cap. The third station finish reams for the bearing cup and uses one tool. the fourth station die grooves for the hub cap. Here also about wheels per hr. are turned out. For the operations these two FIG. ALLEABLE Wheel casting in. vertical boring mill. total cutting edges the three station setup machine wheels per hour. ° ° ° HERRINGTON steps, sintered carbide tools are used for cutting large diameters, high speed steels for the smaller diam- eters. Outside diameter surface speed about 300 ft. per min., inside diam- eter about 200 ft. per min. Feeds 0.056 in. and depth cut 1/16 in. are the average for these opera- tions. the heavy work rough- ing stations, 200 300 wheels are machined the small circumferences and from 100 are machined the outside circumference between THE IRON AGE, July 14, + ring d on ush- the 32—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 ends are milled with 5-in. FIG. FIG. large dual type wheel casting within 0.002 in. for runout face and diameter. cutters milling machine the rate wheels per hour. tool adjustments. Tools justed these intervals order maintain precise dimensional ances and not necessitate setup breakdown. Finish reaming tool ad- justments are made about every 500 wheels. The third machining operation per- formed the wheel castings the milling the spoke ends for the rims (Fig. 3). One man operates two Beckert milling machines in. milling cutters. feed 0.100 in. per revolution for 3/16-in. fin- ish adopted. Thirty wheels per hr. are turned out. Wheels are then carried Baker 321 drill press equipped with mul- tiple drill head, which drills holes 27/64 in. diameter the rate wheels per hr. are then tapped Garvin tapper using floating tap. The next operation consists pressing the steel bearing cups into the axle hole, one each side the wheel. steel seal plate then bolted the casting means air bolt turner, and the brake drum mounted. The drum bolted the wheel spokes wide circle instead the hub, and this method pre- vents swaying the wheel when motion. ‘| 4 ead- etup ad- 500 per- the the two fin- hr. mul- holes of then into then drum the stead pre- ° ° FIG. ALLEABLE wheels various production stages from unfinished cast- ing final wheel and drum ready for shipment. order keep the two bearing cups concentric with one another, all operations after the first one are worked from the brake which, during the first operation, are machined absolutely concentric with the bearing cup bore and seats. Wheels produced range weight from 125 the same pro- cedure being followed for all sizes. Bars and Shapes Tumb Rust and Scale steel users are confronted with the problem rust and scale which cleaning much the steel before use. For the most part this cleaning has been done the past using hand and motor-driven brushes with consequent high costs and not wholly satisfactory results. About two years ago, however, tumbling machine was tumbling machine will effi- ciently clean rust and scale from steel bars, shapes and pipe fraction the time required other methods and will coat the material with pro- tective compound the process. developed for efficiently cleaning rust and scale from steel bars, shapes and pipe fraction the time required other methods. Hilbish and patents the machine and process. The first machine was completed just prior the flood the spring 1936 and was used cleaning the flood damaged steel. This job clean- Free ing said cost about per ton. Several improvements have been made the two additional machines that have been built. has been found that they are effective the removal not only atmospheric corrosion but hard some types mater- ial, this scale can removed ciently the customary pickling sand-blasting processes. This new >... THE IRON AGE, July 1938—33 technique reported leave the steel such clean condition that can cold drawn, machined, welded, gal- vanized, enameled, painted without machine takes from hr. machine will clean any round, square, flat hexagon bars. will clean pipe from in. diameter inside and out, structural angles and plates in. wide. The bar- rel the latest machine octagonal shape, ft. long, in. diameter and made all welded steel plate. Westinghouse ETALS and alloys subjected high temperature and stress will stretch creep over long period time, the creeping be- ing function the metal alloy, time and stress. the manufacture turbine blad- ing, bolts, most important know how materials will creep ser- vice; for turbine blading creeps much the rotating stationary blades will collide, bolts will relax enough lose tension and therefore may result machine failure. the result creep tests, metal- 20-hp. motor, and has capacity about tons steel each charge. larger machine now being designed which will take any length material ft. and about tons mate- rial each charge. Che barrel mounted fulerum about one-third the distance from one end, that can raised lowered facilitate loading and give the longitudinal motion necessary the descaling process. The charg- ing end closed cover, when operating. free from iron used both Tests 180 Creep Bars Unique Equipment lurgists have been able develop alloys which today resist creep 950 deg. well the older types metal did 850 deg. few vears ago. making these tests the metallurgists have used usually individual furnaces for each specimen, and with many tests going the same time, each which must measured regularly for weeks, obvious that great mass equipment and much time are involved. overcome these difficulties, McVetty, Westinghouse Research Laboratories, has combined creep abrasive and cushion for the mate rial. The type abrasive and coating used depends upon the condition the material and the ultimate which intended. material in- tended for immediate use cleaned, coke mixed with light oil used. the material badly pitted, first cleaned with slag and then recharged into the machine with saw- dust mixed with either light oil the heavier protective compound, depend- ing upon whether for immediate use for stock. Slag also used for descaling. remove free rust, saw- dust mixed with the heavy compound the light oil used. Simultaneously machines into single unit, and with three these units operating simul- taneously, the accompanying photo, possible tests 180 speci- mens the same time with max- imum precision and minimum supervision. These unique machines, probably the most elaborate world for such purpose, are each built heavy alloy steel block housed three-walled cylinder taller foundation sand. For heat insula- tion, the outer shell made con- (CONTINUED PAGE 55) three creep machines have just been completed Westinghouse Research Laboratories. Each can test metal specimens 34—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 simultaneously. j attmeters ing achine Tools PLATT The Bullard Co., Bridgeport, Conn. graphic wattmeters are used the inspec- tion Matics and vertical turret lathes outlined this article, which from paper presented Mr. Platt the recent Westinghouse Ma- Tool Forum. the inspection Bullard Ma- chines started more than years ago. One direct current in- manently connected the circuit motor which all vertical turret lathes were brought for final inspec- tion and run. The instrument then use was the type which used circular chart. present are using instru- ments and are equipped for direct current for one, two phase alternating current with volt- ages ranging from 100 600 circular type chart has been re- placed entirely the strip type. The for this change Were, first, that with the strip type, the chart feed may varied over considerable range and, second, that this type provides ample space for longer tests for the use creased chart feed. The chart feed most frequently used mately in. per min. cases which greater detail needed, this feed increased suit the case. Two general methods first, that which the machine driven test motor which has switchboard type instrument perma- nently connected the circuit. This method would employed machine was belt driven the plant the customer chose furnish and mount the mo- tor, the event that test seemed advisable the earlier stages the motor would subsequently applied. The second method that used when the machine, during test, driven the motor motors which are applied the finished ma- chine. such cases portable instru- ments are used. Excellent Check Against Excessive Friction Wattmeter testing spindle multiple-motored machines provides excellent check against excessive friction between ous components the machine. the multiple-spindle type machine the power required drive the in- dividual spindles and that required for indexing well that used for the movement heads checked and recorded. the test- ing Mult-Au-Matics our prac- wee PLATT tice repeat these trials after sev- eral hours run that these values, taken during the initial run, may compared with ings taken after what might termed run-in period. The correct values for these several conditions are quite definitely known for each size and type machine and any considerable increase may easily detected. When remedy for such condition has been applied and an- other reading taken, comparison provides excellent indication the effectiveness the remedy. The usual procedure connect the meter that all motors wili cluded. the results thus obtained not afford sufficient detail, any doubt exists regarding the oper- ation any auxiliary drives, addi- tional meters may used. Although two readings are taken during the erection Matic Contin-U-Matic, only one turret lathe. This taken during the final inspection which consists, among other things, run several hours duration. During this period, the ta- ble driven various speeds both with and without load and the results are compared with previously estab- lished standards. Machines With Tooling Tested some cases the customer sub- mits pieces which are finished the completed machine. the machine THE IRON AGE, July 1938—35 1s ith ul- es, the ler la- 5 tooled parts under normal working pressure, the test provides check and record all phases the machine. Obvi- ously, such charts plainly indicate the time, duration and amount peak load during each machine cycle. With ysis the chart may indicate the wisdom slight changes the tim- ing various functions order that the above-mentioned peak may re- duced. then completely The tests made during erection are under the direction the inspection department, while those completely tooled machines are carried the demonstrating department. The charts thus obtained are filed with other data pertaining the machine. Charts Indicate Horsepower took but short time learn that kw. meant little most the mechanical departments. They were concerned primarily with horse power and did not think kindly clumsy multipliers. They felt that glance toward the chart should dis- close the horsepower. equipped our plant and, therefore, most them were driven the test motors previously referred to. The constant speed equipment was driven motors which were our 440 volt lines and the motors used ranged from hp. and were, within the range current transformers. With this basis, obtained special charts which would power when used outlined. These charts have survived the changes which have taken place and the addi- tions which have been made. While multiplier they may, most cases, simple. illustrate: ABOVE ORTABLE power recorder and stand used the inspection Bullard machines. 36—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 440 volts, chart used for motor small enough require cur- rent transformers would correct when the indicated values were di- vided 10. the motor was sufficient size require 100-amp. transformers, the multiplier would two. 220 volts, the results portional. interesting note that changing 100-amp. trans- formers, this voltage, the chart still indicates correctly with mul- tiplier. increasing the transformer size 200 amp., the chart correct when used 110-volt circuit. For direct current instruments chose capacity kw. and, this case, also obtained special charts graduated directly These charts have eliminated the oc- casional confusion resulted from the use Arrangement Portable Instruments meet the requirements the shop must possible times quickly add change the instru- ments. For each portable instrument have provided wooden cabinet mounted rubber tired casters. Two sides and the back extend above the top safeguard against the instru- ment falling. The cabinet divided into upper and lower compartment which are accessible from full length doors the front. The upper com- partment contains the current trans- formers and switch means which the transformer primaries may shunted prevent the starting in- rush reaching the instrument. This switch operated knob which extends through the top the cabi- net. The meter connections leave this compartment through hole the top. The lower compartment for the storage test leads. These leads consist two two-wire all rub- ber cables for the current leads and one smaller one third potential connection. One end connected in- side the cabinet and the leads leave the lower compartment through bushed hole the back. Each wire cable passes through strain re- lief block. use fused dis- connect switch for each machine un- der test, frequently use the fuse clips the point connection for the current circuit. For this purpose, ° ° LEFT LECTRICAL horsepower corders turret lathe demon- stration. Fy | j J on- have used the case renewable fuse passing the two-wire cable through hole drilled the center the case and connecting the ends the interior the fuse connections. Strain relief accomplished curely binding the cable case the point entrance. The source, line, connection marked correct connections. The third potential connection made through test clip. Damage From Rough Handling One might assume that this type where heavy machinery erected, would subjected rough handling and that serious damage would fre- quently result. have had such experience. Our principal trouble has resulted from overflow ink reach- ing the moving element. This, believed, was caused sudden move- ments the cabinet. found that, some occasions, was for the erectors demonstrators move cabinet few inches while was service. They were advised the above and their full cooperation resulted. The cost repairs this equipment now surprisingly low. While this paper may seem partial the graphic instrument, have not overlooked the indicating types with their obvious advantages. are conducting trials with instruments and believe that they have application our testing operations. This especially true the case socket and test jack for use making quick connections. Transformers Now Being Made with Cores Woun from Cold Rolled Strip COMPLETELY revolutionary design principle for distribu- tion transformers, involving wound cores instead the conven- tional laminated construction, was de- Treanor, executive engineer the General Electric former department Mass. The paper was read before the Amer- ican Institute Electrical Engineers Washington, June 23. The important new feature the transformer its core construction two continuous strips relatively low tightly wound into two metal rings through and around the coils. The coils are oval shape and short axial length, interleaved ary-primary-secondary arrangement. The two ribbon-like steel strips that comprise the cores the new trans- former are prewound and assembled machines high speed. FTER According Mr. Treanor, units and kva. have been produced voltage classes 7620 volts and below. The wound core said eliminate minimize most the objections inherent other types. Flux runs with the grain direction throughout the core, and all material the core active. the wound core trans- former, each element flux finds but one air gap small length and relatively great area its path. The result that magnetomotive force consumed the reluctance air gaps compared with other cores. Steel for the wound cores slit into desired width for various size cores, and the steel reels are set multiple before prewinding ma- chine and attached mandrel which rotated draw the strips through tension devices until the cores are built up. Micrometer gages con- (CONTINUED PAGE 55) ia ABOVE and coil assembly the new G-E wound core distribution transformer. The unit shown rated LEFT annealing, the pre-formed cores are re- wound around the electrical coils their original spiral form this roll type machine. THE IRON AGE, July 1938—37 ize rts er. | | nts let VO 1S- | | of | se ial ve a r | | RIGHT 2—Sequence operations for step drilling and reaming aluminum propeller hubs. BELOW 3—Two standard hydraulic feed unit heads have beer adapted for drilling variable-pitch pro 38—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 and reaming operations peller hub cams. Special Machine LEFT propeller blades, held sta- tionary fixture, are fed down over the revolving cutters for drilling and reaming operations the taper hole hub end. No.1 Tarer Daiis To PARTIAL Deri special-purpose units have recently the National Automatic Tool Co., Richmond, Ind., for oper- ations aircraft propellers and en- gines. Fig. for example, illustrates Natco deep hole driller being used drill, rough and finish large tapered hole the hub end aluminum alloy blades for adjustable draulic feed, complete with automatic time delay reverse and ANE Taper Oris Fins Rowson Wire Speci Finis Reas SPEC TAPERED REAMER Too. TAPERED REAMER * oa | ° ° | - and second rate feed valve. Three traversing slide, which rapid trav- step drilling shifts the dogs con- uilt sets stop dogs, manually placed ersed down, then fed depth and trolling the travel the slide. the operating position, automatically rapid returned. the end each drilling eight cam track holes control the lengths the head travel. cycle, the operator changes tools and and weight reducing holes the en- hub cams variable-pitch propellers, ites Natco has adapted two its single the LEFT Fig. with single indexing type 4—In the propeller fixture arranged hold two different ible size hubs. This fixture has radial shown Fig. locations and three different positions hy- the horizontal axis. The set-up atic BELOW drill two opposite holes, then index special precision the fixture deg. Reaming opera- boring spindle, boring, drill- tions are performed three the ing, counterboring and line ream- holes substitution the proper ing operations are performed tools. two positions the valve seats and guides aircraft engine cyl- third machine, Fig. Natco inder heads. Holesteel floor type unit has been ar- ranged with special head containing precision boring spindle for drilling, end cut boring, counterboring and line reaming operations the valve seats and valve guide holes alu- minum alloy cylinder heads for air- craft engines. hand indexed fixture mounted steel base used. One set operations performed with the fixture one position. Sequence shown Fig. The fixture then shifted the second position and somewhat dif- ferent set operations performed. Operations and correspond Nos. and the first station; oper- ation core drilling the valve guide hole, and operations and are iden- tical with those the first station the fixture. One operator loads and unloads, shifts the fixture and changes the tools, maintaining production from cylinder heads per hour. Bore Taper drilling accomplished the fixture shown two steps with special tools, followed rough and finish reaming opera- tions. The sequence indicated Fig. The propeller blade held stationary fixture mounted the THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938—39 BLAKELY ° ° ° term ‘light steel construc- shall mean buildings which the structural frame its equivalent built light-weight rolled steel sections sections formed from light gage flat-rolled steel sheets, combination both used alone combination with other materials This definition light steel con- struction was written into proposed independent fabricators Los Angeles recently. Under the classification tions formed from light method construction has been widely used the construction one-story school buildings and commercial build- ings and one- and two-story dwellings southern California. Vosseller, “Some New Experiments Buckling Thin Wall Construction.” A.S.M.E. Trans. (1934) APM 56-6. This type construction consists principally pressed steel channels. With few accessories, such flats for roof connections and diagonal bracing, these channels constitute complete framework for floors, walls and roofs. this framework any floor, wall and roof covering materials may applied. 1933, following the Long Beach earthquake, was seen that great amount reconstruction work would necessary throughout southern Cali- fornia. reduce footing loads steel channel wall framing was de- veloped replace heavy masonry filler walls and partitions. From this start the work naturally gravitated into bearing walls and then floor and roof systems. The engineering standard shapes was based com- parative studies the following ma- jor points: custom wall thick- ness. 2—Standard widths steel sheets. 3—Economical shop practice. 4—Economical distribution metal for members acting columns. consideration the first point was thought wise adhere closely possible present standard roof trusses, each ft. long, are easy load for this truck. 40—THE IRON AGE, July 1938 Light wood framing. Standard ac- cessories such cabinets, wall heat- ers, could then specified the architect. Since all members are sheared the shop from standard vanized steel sheets, the second point carried considerable weight. The goal set was cut from 30-in. and 36- in. sheets without waste. Point three was strictly local prob- lem having with the available equipment already established steel products plant. punch presses and power brakes and the cost dies had bearing the finally adopted standard shop punch- ing, gages steel, and widths strips after shearing. Considerable research was done connection with point four. Computa- tions were made numerous shapes and sizes determine the most eco- nomical distribution cross-sectional area for members with both gravity loading and combined gravity and wind loading. These studies were made solid members and members with shop punching flanges. Since the bolted connection adopted required wide flange, studies were made determine the minimum thickness metal which could used with given width flange. this connection, valuable obtained from experiments made the California Institute Technology long, slender angles used aeroplane From these ments and from tests made studs fabricated under typical working con- ditions was decided that maximum width flange times the thick- ness metal could termed good engineering practice. The resulting standard sizes studs decided were 3%, and in. channels with 13¢ in. flanges 14, and 10-gage steel, and flanges 12, and 10-gage Smaller channels are used where needed roof truss designs and 12-in. an California wall and bolted the flanges each intermediate stud. This forms semi- box girder exceptional rigidity. the case flat roofs, the roof covering utilized diaphragm stiffen the structure, but for pitched roofs diagonal bracing placed the plane the ceiling. Partial assembly included the shop work. After shearing the cor- rect width the pieces are put through the punch presses for tions and bolt holes. They are then formed the correct dimensions the power brake and sent the as- the shop. All the members are placed template and the required number the special bolt holes are punched hand. Common labor used all shop assembly work the only tools needed are screw-driver and small Field work starts with the setting anchor bolts the footings. This usually done the general con- tractor but the shop sends out man check dimensions before the con- crete has set. Size, rather than weight, the im- portant item trucking channels used floor joists. For non- sembly room. Floor systems are as- assembled panels the site. The wall bearing members, door and window sembled entirely the field. Walls framing weighs from per heat- frames and other trim, 16-gage are assembled the shop sections sq. ft. and 10-ft. length wall the approximately ft. long the full easily handled and erected the foot- Many tables and charts have been wall height. All connections are ing. Holes punched the sill chan- prepared speed the design bolted, using special flat head bolt nel receive the anchor bolts, horizontal gal- floor, wall, and roof systems, but the and special nut with bolt holes shaped bridging bolted the panel previ- accompanying chart gives compre- fit. this type connection the ously set, splice pieces connect the goal hensive picture the values small bolt not subject shear and sill channels, and overlapping pieces and channels with the edges the thin metal are not connect the wall plates belt mem- flanges, standard shop punching subject bearing. working stress bers the roof line. the webs, bolt holes the flanges, and 500 Ib. per bolt was estab- When the entire wall framing lable horizontal bridging spaced 36-in. lished laboratory tests. erected gone over and plumbed, centers. Trusses are assembled complete the anchor plates set inside the sill The following working stresses are and used design: quake forces. Established structural steel theory general used the and Structural design consists treat- ction ing the studs individual columns, mum horizontal bridging approxi- mately 36-in. centers vertically. light construction such dwellings were the roof members and studs are placed flat roofs the roof trusses joists are bolted directly the studs and peri- horizontal belt channels are bolted studs the flanges the studs transmit con- horizontal forces the diagonals. For mum pitched roofs the trusses are centered hick- over the studs and bolted con- good tinuous horizontal plate member which serves the same purpose the belt. studs Studs and roof members are spaced in. accommodate the wall, ceiling, and roof covering without the use girts nges purlins. Loads are carried over aller door and window openings lintels 2-in. Outside and one the inside the roof construction for school building. THE IRON AGE, July + | + > IRECT AND FLEXURAL STRESSES Allstuds have flanges studs have shop punching webs and flanges 15000 | | + + + + Bending moment thousands inch pounds Direct axial load thousands pounds and in. channels 10, and gage stock, used for studs the structural system described thi; article. channels and bolted down, and the diagonal bracing applied. The di- agonal braces are flats pairs, one inside and one outside the studs. They are bolted first the plate line belt member with one bolt they are free lined exactly. Thea they are slightly pre-stressed they are anchor channels. Full bolting then finished the top end and one bolt put through the flange each stud. All bolting the field done with hand punches similar those used assembling trusses. Floor joists are bolted directly the studs, both being shop punched. Roof trusses are bolted the wall plate belt member angle clips which are also shop punched, Diagonal bracing the plane the ceiling applied similarly the wall diagonals. Door and window frames stalled with angle clips and the build- ing ready for metal lath and plaster other covering. 42—THE AGE, July 14, 1938 When metal lath stucco ing used the flanges all studs and ceiling joist are lanced 6-in. centers. lath hung this lancing which then cleated with common hammer. Wall boards and the special metal wall and roof cover- ing developed the fabricator are attached with special clips. when building being erected, rela- tive the excessive flexibility un- stableness the structure. The indi- vidual members are easily deflected and careful handling required long floor joist. But when the hori- zontal bridging all the floor and roof systems have more rigidity than wood framing for simi- lar structures. From this point more criticism heard. Bridging placed from 6-ft. centers and the floor and roof covering are con- sidered staying the compression flanges not more than times the width flange. This type construction has en- joyed warm reception architects and builders. attempt made sell all steel building but rather steel frame which may used any the time honored cover- ings. all metal, insulated covering offered the fabricator even this not considered when designing the frame the building. Another reason for acceptance architects the fact that architectural design not limited affected the structural material. pared for wood framing are not al- tered any way for use with steel framing except for the addition sheet structural details. Steel tonnage varies from approxi- mately tons for one-story dwell- ing 1050 sq. ft. floor area ap- proximately tons for one-story school building 11,000 sq. ft. This | | | | S roof framing showing steel trusses in. centers. school build- ing example light steel-frame construction larger scale. The ex- terior will stucco. includes floor, wall, roof, tion framing and door and window frames. The cost finished dwellings with per cent more than similar building with wood framing when only one building made from one set plans. Repetition, however, eliminates roof sheathing will laid upon this steel flat roof fram- engineering and shop listing and brings the cost down approximate- the same wood framing. Lea, Los Angeles, the fabricator this material and the writer has done all the engineering investigation and design. The writer wishes express his indebtedness Hans Christie, struc- = tural engineer with Columbia Steel Co. and Ropp, structural engineer, Los Angeles, for their help checking theory and computations also Kromer, principal struc- tural engineer, and his associates the California State Division Ar- chitecture for their valuable construc- tive criticism. THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938—43 len | ng. ral re- al- eel unending procession come the brain children the machine tool designers, which when translated steel and cast iron increase the obsolescence factor existing machinery. An- nouncements from the build- ° ° means combination push and pull lug, the new type Newer and ers received the last month include new types ma- chines practically all gen- eral classes equipment. number auxiliary devices for machine tools are also de- scribed and illustrated. ° Mich., can used three ways: push down unit for internal broach- vertical ing, pressing and assembly work; machine, made the pull down machine for internal Broach Machine Co., Ann Arbor, broaching; for surface broaching. RIGHT No. universal turret lathe hand operated machine with the turret slide actu- ated turnstile rack and pinion. BELOW American type hy- draulic broaching ma- chine can used for internal broaching either the push down pull down methods for surface broaching, well general press work. 44—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 precision thread grinder driven di- rectly from the mas- without intermediate gears, and hence lead compensation RIGHT ORK the Ex-Cell-O No. screw required. Products the other “American” machines, the hydraulic cylinder integral with the ram, which guided hardened and ground steel ways the machine column. With this design, stroke in. obtained with rela- tively low column height. The com- bination push pull lug may at- tached either the top the bottom the slide, which surface broach- ing tools may also attached. Work table rest plates are interchangeable for various types broaching oper- ations. The hydraulic pump unit Sund- strand make and mounted the hydraulic oil reservoir Two controls are used, one each side the machine, and the operator must have both hands the levers starting the the broaching stroke. Only one lever required initiate the return stroke, however. The machines come two sizes and 6-ton normal capacity, with and cylinder diameters, respectively. Rest plate dimensions Drilling Machines the name given new line drilling machines de- veloped the Buffalo Forge Buffalo, since there are different models available. There are produc- tion types and standard with options head raising device, foot feed and table raising screw == te a the the gral the at- tom ach- able per- the ator vers the oke, two city, ions new Machine Tool combinations thereof, and and 6-spindle production base types, When powered with 34-hp. motors, the ma- chines are capable drilling in. holes cast iron. Spindles are heat-treated chrome- nickel steel, mounted precision ball bearings, the lower one double row bearing carry the drill thrust. Pro- vision made for adjusting the spin- dle bearings and also for the frame bearing. Drive from the vertically mounted motor step cone pul- leys and V-belt. The drills are moder- ately priced. Turret Lathe new No. universal turret lathe made the Millholland Sales Machine Co., Indianapolis, i ~ UFFALO No. drilling machines are supplied different combi- nations. This model No. 18-A, pro- duction type with head raising device, foot feed and table raising screw. through three levers stock (range 600 r.p.m. 1000 r.p.m.). All gears are mounted spline shafts, carried ball bear- ings. The spindle carried double row Timken bearing the front and ball bearing the rear. Automatic chuck and bar feed are extras. The universal carriage provided with both cross and longitudinal feed and there are six feed changes avail- able the apron and six the head- square turret tool post pro- vided. The turret slide operated turnstile rack and pinion. The hexa- gon turret revolves hardened steel seat which clamped means the turnstile handle. The tur- ret saddle has six feed changes the apron and additional six through the gear box the headstock. Tur- ret feed engaged friction clutch, and feeds are automatically tripped independent adjustable stops. Small Precision Miller preloaded ball bearing spin- dle construction Harding bench lathes being used the new precision milling machine for toolroom and laboratory use, recently announced Brothers, Inc., Elmira, Through two- speed motor the base and four-step cone pulleys with V-belt, versible spindle speeds are from 110 1850 r.p.m., special high speeds 2500 r.p.m. solid steel overarm, in. diameter, sup- ports the spindle. Arbors from in. may had. Regular equipment includes micrometer index feed screws motor and controls. Table has working surface in., with in. longitudinal feed, in. traverse, and in. vertical movement. Grinders BUILT-In taper grinding attach- ment among the improve- ments found the series No. precision thread grinders Ex-Cello-O Corp., Detroit. bracket fastened the table with set rollers contacting cam plates for vari- ous taper angles. The grinding wheel head assembly caused move its slide right angles the work ° ° ° FRANK OLIVER Associate Editor, The Age RELOADED ball bearing spindle fea- tured the Hardinge precision milling machine for the toolroom axis. Another feature manually operated wheel dressers, designed operate without slowing down wheel and reduce wheel wastage. means two-step interchange- able pulleys for both wheel and motor spindles, given surface grinding speed can maintained for any wheel size from in., increments in. The workhead, now equipped with Ex-Cell-O precision bearings, driven from two-speed motor through worm gearing. Eight spindle speeds from r.p.m. are pro- vided four-step pulleys. Complete electrical control provided push buttons, which give fast slow table feed either direction, and provision made for handling either right left hand screws. replace earlier types, the Excelsior Tool Machine East St. Louis, has designed the No. 27-E high speed electric iron sole plate grinding and polishing machine. has two grinding wheels, grinding the full width, and mounted over- size ball bearings. oscillating mo- THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938—45 de- Co., rent rice, é NEW type diamond wheel embodying the use metallic bond being offered the Nor- ton Co. tion the carriage scratches and unequal wear the face 15-hp. motor. in. diameter high speed grinding wheels, the spindle speed 2500 r.p.m., and the carriage travel ft. per min. the machine shown, seven sole plates in. are mounted each carriage, and ap- proximately 200 castings are ground and finished per Diamond Wheel supplement its line diamond the Norton Co., Worces- ter, Mass., has developed new type wheel which the diamonds are embedded solid metal. The metal used special alloy that said hold the diamond particles securely, yet allows enough wear keep the wheel free-cutting. Wheels are made with the entire rim one homogeneous piece, thus eliminating any joint be- tween the diamond impregnated grind- ing surface and the balance the rim that might cause premature breaking away the abrasive material. 46—THE IRON AGE, July 1938 ° ° ° LEFT EMOVING the cient metal obtain clean, smooth, clectric iron sole plates prior plating be- ing performed the new No. 27-E sior automatic grind- ing and polishing machine. some styles, such those used for cut-off operations, the entire wheel one homogeneous piece metal. Pre- liminary tests show that the diamonds are held longer, the corners the wheel stand better, and the wheel not damaged the heat Pipe Threading Machine chaser pipe threading and cutting line the Landis Machine Waynesboro, Pa. has from in. o.d. 434 in. and will generate tapered pipe thread any length in. The die head graduated and ad- justment for size. addition, there micrometer adjustment for ex- tremely accurate setting. Both rough- ing and finishing cuts can made without any diametrical adjustment the die head. movement the die head pitch leadscrew, with pitch change LAME hardened Monarch lathe ways are ground this 144 in. high powered precision surface grinder built the Mattison Machine Works, Rockford, Ill. wheel truing device mounted the wheel slide permits truing both angles the wheel for grinding V-ways. Flat ways are ground the conventional manner without prior scraping. Flame hardening done after the finish planing operation. ° ° ° RIGHT Landis 434- in. receding chaser pipe threading and cutting machine will cut all tapers regu- larly used for plain pipe, oil well casing, tubing and pipe. a q 2 city and ad- lade nent lead arse gears provided take care dif- ferent thread pitches. Taper con- trolled sine bar, which can bracket can adjusted axially relation the pipe. There ample provision for coolant directed the cutting edges each chaser. Oster Mfg. Co., Cleve- land, has announced pipe vise equipped with power unit and chuck enable threading, cutting and reaming done power with con- ventional hand tools all sizes nished 110-volt universal, vari- able speed Black Decker motor, geared the scroll chuck spindle and The power unit concealed the upper part the stand holding the pipe vise. Arms built into the stand take the torque the handles the when the chuck BELOW newest and largest the Conti- nental Doall contour chines, model ML, will cut dies in. thick, but the speed range makes also useful for cutting sheet metal plastics. Without the legs, which are remov- able, the stand weighs 110 Ib. pipe and bolt threader offered Beaver Pipe Tools, machine with capacity cut, thread and ream nine sizes pipe from in. diameter. can also ar- ranged with drive shaft and geared motorized pipe stand shown threading 2-in. pipe with receding type stock and dies. tools cut and thread in. pipe. will cut off solid bolts in. and will thread 2-in. bolts. Die heads are interchange- able. This machine may purchased units, starting with the simple Model power drive and adding auxiliary attachments. Base the unit measures 27% 13% in. and the unit 20% in. high. Weight, 325 Ib. Sawing Machines AWING cent greater than previous models found the new model Doall contour sawing ma- chine, made Continental Ma- Inc., Minne- apolis. accommodates work in. thickness and has in. throat capacity. The guide post ODEL band saw comes and 16-in. sizes and intended for light industrial use. heavy duty screw feed attachment provided. Through 30-to-1 Speed- master variable pulley unit, saw speeds 1500 ft. per min. may ob- tained, making the machine suitable for production work nonferrous metals, plastics and sheet metal, well for work heavy dies al- loy steel. feature the construction that the housing entirely arc welded, and except for the transmission cover, one piece. Anchor plates for the essential sub-assemblies chined, then welded the housing. Table in. and tilts four directions. light industrial work and for cational schools, the Machine Co., Beloit, Wis., has added and 16-in. bandsaw its line machines. The band- saw available bench floor type, and with belted motor belt drive. The frame cast one piece and the wheel guards are hinged. The nickel alloy cast iron table tilts deg. right and deg. left. The top saw guide carries steel guard which covers the saw all positions. Regu- THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938—47 ind- ting the J Beaver model portable pipe and bolt threading and cutting ma- chine has simplified oiling system. Capacity 2-in. pipe. lar equipment includes cast iron, double faced rip fence with microm- eter adjustment and table extension arms for increasing the cut-off ca- pacity. Cap Screw Trimming Machine MONG the many types special machines built the Co., Providence, horizontal four-spindle continuous screw trimming machine for finishing the heads socket head cap screws after the heading operation. The entire car- rier revolves with four chucks, having interchangeable pads handling No. 5/16 in. screws. The pieces are hand loaded, but are ejected automatically. Production rate from 1000 1500 screws per hr. Three motors are used the ma- chine; one for driving the spindles, second for driving the carrier and third for the pump. The spindles revolve Timken bearings and are braked the loading position. fixed cam operates the cutter levers. Coolant Tanks coolant tank and has been brought out the 48—THE IRON AGE, July 14, 1938 Engineering Mfg. Co., bourne Avenue, Detroit. are available, having capacities from gal. per min. and pressures overarm support employed for the dial the No. 21-H heavy duty marking machine, recent develop- ment the Noble Westbrook Mfg. Co., East Hartford, Conn. that heavy pressure can exerted pro- duce mark 0.020 in. deep two roller bearing rings time, the work sup- porting mandrels are held tightly the carrying dial means lock nuts, and the bushings are mounted models have the pump mounted compartment below the tank bottom, whereas the model units have the motor mounted the stationary part the tank cover, with the pump im- mersed the