The Iron Age 1938-03-31: Vol 141 Iss 13

able, itove for gal- pper two bell nent, Md., kers, rods, De- spare Navy lanes port- Allen eneral 335 x 60 ft, ose to units Ab- to re- right irin ose to ‘wenty- head, one stor- Ninth with Talla- con- plant, equip- ling, is d, Ky. for fineries, cluding Com- unit also nals six fin- rings other ad- 7 — COLD MILL—J 96-INCH CONTINUOUS STRIP MILL. GET SMOOTH, EFFICIENT PROCESSING AND BETTER HED PARTS WITH J&L STRIP SHEET PRODUCTS oth surface finish, exceptional deep drawing properties and superior forming stics are the features Jones Laughlin Cold Rolled Strip Sheet Products you greatest efficiency your manufacturing operations. These outstand- mean lower production costs, fewer rejects and better-looking, more- finished parts— products that will meet every requirement for fine surface specification, safety and long life. Specify and use Cold Sheet Products. AND STEEL PRODUCTS SINCE STEELS FOR NEW AND BETTER Tubing for the fuselage the induction furnaces. This Hoskins Electric Lead Pot does Used for light heat-treating, and chemical Box; Electric heat does good job for melting and annealing all our and through Hoskins Electric Furnaces, electric heat likewise does good job for our hundreds things that would helpful you. They are listed below. For useful information, write us. model Dearborn, these FH-303 furnaces make carbea combustions. their are many Hoskins heat-treating furnaces. ELEM ENT 2—THE IRON AGE, March 31, 1938 THE_IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON CO. (INC.). Office, Chestnut 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. and Executive Offices, 239 39th St., New York, Entered second class matter November 1932, the Post Office Philadelphia Act March 1879. $6.00 year S., Canada $8.50, Foreign $12.00. Vol. 141, No. 13. WELDING WIRE HEAT RESISTANT CASTINGS HOSKINS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, DETROIT, FRITZ FRANK President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Rditor Metallurgical Rditor Associate Editors JURASCHEK Consulting Bditor Washington Editor Resident District Editors Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents Owned and CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Office Editorial and Chestnut and 56th Sts., Executive Offices Philadelphia, Pa. 239 West 39th St., New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS Cc. A. MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH our GEORGE GRIFFITHS, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer wise JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JOHN VAN DEVENTER veral JULIAN CHARLES BAUR For CARROLL BUZBY BAUR, Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau of Circulations Member, Assoviated Business Papers Indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- } sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 a year. Single copy, 25 cents. ADVERTISING Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bidg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bidg., Chestnut & 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bidg., Chieago H. E. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St.. New York Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit Ober, 239 39th New York Rebinson, 428 Park Pittsburgh D. C. Warren, P. 0. Box 81, Hartford, Conn. elphia London, England Cincinnatt Boston Hamburg, Germany Milwaukee San Toronto, Ontario Birmingham Leroy ALLISON Roy Newark, N. J. St. Lowis TURNER Buffalo Cont MARCH 31, 1938 Reports Employees Bright Annealing Non-Ferrous Products induction Process Case Harden Camshafts Mobile Crane Hoist Equipment Recent Developments Electrical Controls Western Metal Congress Meets Los Angeles Statistics Metal-Working Activity Rate Activity Capital Goods Automotive Industry Washington News NEWS CONTENTS Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying New Literature Products Advertised Just Between Two Index Advertisers Copyright 1938 Chilton Company 104 117 118 142 Ag Ps | : high fr LEMEN NGS E WIR Automatic operation increasing production speeds emphasize the need for greater uniformity and higher qual- ity steels. Realizing the situation, Ryerson began work this problem several years ago. Specifications were tightened, and inspections made more rigid order assure uniformity and working qualities most desired each classification steel. The task was slow but gradually built stocks these better steels. Today can defi- nitely certify the known high qual. ity and uniformity all steel stock from the smallest bar the largest beam. The most modern warehousing facilities and handling methods and preserve these qualities and assure quickest possible shipment. Unique Alloy Steel Plan Aids Steel Treater secure uniform high quality alloys, Ryerson selects entire heats steel. The chemical analysis, grain size and cleanliness rating these heats come within certain narrow range that as- sures the most uniform and favorable response heat treatment. All bars from each heat are marked with iden- Principal products stock for Imme- diate Shipment include—Bars, Struc- turals, Shafting, Plates, Alloy Steel, Tool Steel, Spring Steel, Iron and Steel Sheets, Stainless, Babbitt, Strip Steel, Welding Rod, Tubing, etc. tifying letters. Bars from each heat are then actually heat treated determine their response heat treatment. Spe- cial data sheets are prepared showing the chemical and physical properties, grain size, cleanliness rating and har- dening characteristics. send this complete data with every order alloy steel. The heat treater knows the properties and char- acteristics the alloy with which working. does not have guess test. gets better results less time. Spoilage and re-treating are eliminated. There are many other advantages for users Ryerson Certified Steels. Let send you booklet which tells the complete story. Joseph Ryerson Son, Inc. Plants at: Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Boston, Philadelphia, Jersey ESTABLISHED 1855 THE IRON AGE ... MARCH 31, 1938 Vol. 141, No. Reports Employees difficult for the average employer realize the mistaken ideas that many his workers have regarding their mutual business. And these mistaken ideas are responsible for nine-tenths labor trouble and worker dissatisfaction. Management, course, solely blame for this situation and be- cause its neglect publicize the facts, has given the trouble fomenter splendid opportunity sow the seeds discontent broadcast the fields industry and business. Management has not suppressed facts intention. did not realize, prior 1932, that the time would come when its neglect publicize the facts would make political whipping boy. has been only since the political smearing employers class began that the wedge has been driven between the man the payroll and the man who meets the payroll. Well, better late than never! From now on, intelligent management will see that labor bases its opinion business facts and not fancy. What kind facts? Financial ones start with. Annual statements put form and language that can grasped and understood the average man. just important have your workers get annual financial report from you inform your stockholders. Perhaps more so. Showing just how many cents the dollar total income labor and how many dividends and profits convincing evidence that the worker not exploited victim capitalism. Bethlehem Steel Co. good example company which has pio- neered doing this. And many progressive concerns our industry are adopting the same policy. one the first steps toward betterment the employer-employee relationship. 2 | at | | = ‘ned Pay nd, ty. | ' ' right Annealing Non-Ferrous Products OMPARISON material an- nealed within controlled at- mosphere will greatly improved condition surface, both finished appearance and smooth- ness, over material annealed the same time and temperature ordi- nary furnace equipment with necessary second step pickling and cleaning. The production work annealed for further breakdown accomplished with complete elimina- tion the scale that ordinarily detrimental factor die maintenance well the finished appearance stock. Clean scale free annealing pos- sible with practically all the vari- ous alloys copper with tin and Such materials the heavy brasses tic deposit metal sweat the higher annealing temperatures, which proportionately decreased with the decrease treating temperature, and which is, any case, easily removed etching action. And the scale free annealing finds particular application those plants making small gage cop- per, brass, bronze wire and thin strip stock, although there are many applications which heavier materials, such tubing, ex- truded shapes and straight coiled bar stock are beneficially annealed controlled atmosphere furnaces. The fact that work can retained under heat for longer periods time than would possible furnace equipment which scaling oxidiz- ing action could take place the sur- face the metal, allows complete freedom regulating the physical characteristics the finished prod- uct. Work annealed special atmos- phere furnaces and held within limits two points hardness the com- end continuous controlled atmosphere furnace bright annealing copper tubing coils. This unit equipped gas fired radiant tubes. with the new recuperative type 30—THE IRON AGE, March 1938 q ti - al in m m 2—This continuous furnace clean anneals 5000 brass and bronze wire per mon rather than the extraordinary practice. The ability leave material within the heating chamber for unlimited time makes possible the use lower temperatures characteristics ordinarily obtained temperatures from 100 350 deg. higher. The increased time within the heating chamber necessitated anneal relatively lower tempera- ture allows uniformity anneal throughout not only the cross section material the hearth, but also the individual section each type material. The Atmosphere The controlled atmosphere com- bination inert gases from which those elements which might detri- mental the surface the material being annealed are either eliminated form. Such atmosphere may made from dissociated ammonia which nitrogen plays the part the inert gas while the hydrogen beneficially used reducing agent. This type atmosphere is, therefore, known reducing. Another and more common example atmosphere the cleaned and dehydrated gas formed the products combustion natural manufactured gas with air which the percentages and CO, are controlled within narrow limits pro- duce either oxidizing reducing atmosphere. the reaction either way tends toward perfect combustion, neutral atmosphere obtained. Gen- erators for producing these special protective atmospheres economically are made various types and sizes, with capacities ranging from few protective atmosphere. thousand cubic feet per hour for com- paratively small furnaces, large capacity installations single units batteries. The necessity producing con- trollable atmosphere regions where combustible gas not accessible has led the recent development at- mospheres produced from the combus- necessity producing bright, smoothly finished ma- terial definite physical char- acteristics has led the uni- versal acceptance controlled atmosphere annealing equip- ment throughout the non-ferrous industry. The equipment de- signs, however, constantly show some changes, and few the more recent innovations for bright annealing non-ferrous wire, tubing, strip, etc., are de- scribed herein. The author Ross, engineer for builder this type furnace, the Elec- tric Furnace Co. Salem, Ohio. tion coal oil, coal, charcoal and other materials high carbon and hydrogen content. Sulphur, element the com- position the fuel used for produc- ing the atmosphere, requires special treatment, since the non-ferrous met- als and annealing temperatures are particularly susceptible its action. The presence sulphur the atmos- phere higher temperatures results The products combustion form the sulphide skin upon the material which not easily removed pick- ling. This elimination one several ways, the simplest method which the removal hydrogen sulphide and sulphur diox- ide from the products combustion scrubbing towers simple design. Since water vapor susceptible dissociation the presence carbon high temperatures, necessary remove the water formed the atmosphere the products com- bustion. This removal necessitated order insure elimi- nation vapor which might otherwise condense within the cooling hood and drop upon the work, thus causing water spots stains. This accom- plished through suitable traps and rapidly cooling the atmosphere point well below that condensation before introducing the atmosphere the annealing equipment. Furnace Equipment Any type furnace which controlled atmosphere may easily retained adaptable the produc- tion clean work. The usual con- struction such furnaces embodies heating chamber contained welded steel shell, fabricated gas tight, and lined with suitable refractory material. Work can produced clean batch type furnaces, bringing the material the re- quired temperature atmosphere purged all air and then cooled under this same atmosphere within the furnace. continuous furnaces, however, such the roller hearth type, the roller-rail pusher type, and others which the work steadily conveyed through the heating cham- THE IRON AGE, March 31, ber continuous production, be- comes necessary add cooling hood the discharge end the furnace, which the moving work cooled point below which oxidation may occur before discharge. Where cool- ing hood employed atmosphere maintained both the heating cham- ber and the cooling hood. The necessity sealing the fur- nace after purging and during the process annealing under atmos- phere, leads the use several in- genious designs for minimizing the loss the furnace atmosphere the charging and discharging ends the equipment. The electric cast resistance grid type furnace especially adaptable the use controlled atmosphere. The radiant tube type which approximates the nace many ways also since the products combustion are confined within the radiant tubes themselves and not come con- tact with the work passing through the furnace. Several furnaces this type have recently been installed and are producing excellent results non- ferrous products. installa- tion, shown Fig. continuous roller hearth type furnace for bright annealing copper tubing coils. The furnace uses the Electric Furnace Co.’s new gas-fired recuperative type radiant tubes, and the recuperative principle the otherwise wasted gases are used preheat the incoming com- bustion air. Thus, practically all the heat utilized and the products 32—THE IRON AGE, March 31, 1938 combustion leave the furnace very low temperature. Another advantage gained admitting the necessary combustion air throughout the entire length the burning chamber thus providing positive mixture air and gas just where needed for per- fect combustion. ‘The result even temperature over entire length the tube and uniform tem- perature throughout the entire fur- nace chamber. Excellent results have also been ob- tained gas-fired furnaces which the work passes through the heating 74 chamber completely surrounded tunnel type muffle alloy other non-permeable material. Where clean but not bright work required gas fired furnace without the muffle frequently employed with the prod- ucts combustion, from the burners themselves, forming protective at- mosphere. This type furnace equip- ment necessitates careful control the proportion air and gas delivered the burners. Removal sulphur water vapor is, course, not practical this type equipment and therefore its use limited in- stallations for which sulphur free gas available. furnace this type interesting example the roller rail type furnace found in- plant. This equipment consists heating chamber and iong water jacketed cooling hood with baffle type vestibules the charge and discharge end, and used for the bright an- nealing various shapes sizes bronze and phosphor-bronze wire, coils which are loaded trays the charging end the equip- ment. the proper time interval, which dependent upon the type ma- terial being annealed, loaded tray slowly charged into the charging ves- tibule adjacent the charging end the furnace chamber. the tray enters the vestibule comes con- tinuous contact with baffles within the vestibule, thus minimizing the exfil- tration the atmosphere within the furnace. Since there are all times three more trays through the vestibule, the charging entrance the furnace chamber adequately sealed and such atmos- phere does pass from the furnace chamber around the baffles provides excellent purge for what air might otherwise pass into the furnace with the work. The conveying system through the equipment consists two roller rails extending the length the heating chamber and the cooling chamber. The trays material pass con- tinuous line over these rails the discharge end the equipment where the tray runs out upon roller top table from which the work easily removed prior the return the tray the charging end. This equipment excellent for an- nealing bronze and phosphor-bronze, and continuously produces soft an- clean scale-free state remarkably q ul Te Ir $1 e st 12 al p c v a r ¢ 1] e c a uniform physical composition. The equipment used over temperature range from 700 deg. 1500 deg. The protective atmosphere produced combustion type generator con- sisting combustion chamber, pumping equipment, cooling coils and the necessary air-gas ratio metering equipment. Prior introduction the furnace, the atmosphere successively through water trap, three scrubbing towers for desulphur- ization, and refrigerator for removing any remaining moisture from the at- mosphere. illustration the com- LEFT com- plete stallation, charge end being the foreground. Back the furnace are the Elfurno gas gen- erator, refrigerating unit, desulphurizing towers, etc. RIGHT 4—Bright an- nealing fine cop- per wire spools. This unit uses spe- cial design charg- ing and discharging lock chambers place baffled ves- tibules. plete furnace showing heating cham- ber, cooling chamber, Elfurno gas generator, refrigerator with scrubbing Two special tions for the bright annealing mis- cellaneous light gage nonferrous wires wound standard size spools have been installed Eastern plant. This equipment has special design charging and discharging lock chambers place baffled vesti- bules. Spools wire are packed into alloy annealing box capable being hermetically sealed. After packing, this box purged air means raw gas. then loaded upon tray which easily rolled through the ex- terior door the charging end lock chamber, after which door seals the lock chamber. the proper time interval door between the discharge end the cooling hood and the dis- charge end lock chamber opened and tray finished material ex- tracted into position the lock cham- ber means hydraulically driven extractor mechanism. The door into the cooling hood then closes and the tray material removed from the equipment through the external door the lock chamber. The door be- tween the charging end lock chamber and the furnace chamber proper now opens and hydraulic pusher the charging end advances the prepared tray through the door and into the heating chamber, thus advancing each tray within the heating chamber and the cooling hood one length. The charging pusher then withdrawn and the furnace door closed leaving the lock chamber empty until fresh charge placed within it. The charg- ing end this furnace shown Fig. Variations Designs Only two the possible sealing means continuous furnaces have been mentioned, There are, course, innumerable other means minimiz- ing the loss special atmosphere, any which are practical and per- haps simple those described. all the equipment described, the cooling hoods adjacent the furnace chambers have been the water jacketed type. Several installations have been made, however, which cooling provided means banks sections water cooled coils through which cold water continu- ously forced. Where floor space premium and desirable cut the overall length the furnace equipment, suc- cessful cooling has been accomplished means centrifugal fan oper- ated recirculation system which at- mosphere withdrawn from the cool- ing hood, through heat exchanger, and the cooled atmosphere returned the hood. This method cooling particularly adaptable large equipments. all continuous furnaces the type described this paper, the ele- ment controlled time interval be- tween charges particularly useful since the proper combination fur- nace temperature and time produce specific physical characteristics any one type material may exactly duplicated succeeding runs. The time interval control mechanism integral part the electrical inter- lock system which makes this type equipment fool proof possible, both safe use and automatic op- eration. Custom House Guide Issues 1938 Edition 1938 edition the Custom House Guide, containing al- phabetical index 30,000 commod- ities and their rates duty including new rates provided for recipro- cal trade agreements recently entered into with foreign nations, has been published the Custom Guide, Custom House, New York. The book also contains all regulations pertaining exports and imports. THE IRON AGE, March 31, 1938—33 ie e > Packard Uses nduction Process Case Harden amshafts PROCESS required surface hardening seconds being used Packard Motor Car Co., De- troit, camshafts. installation developed the Ohio Crankshaft Co., Cleveland, and known the Toc- 34—THE IRON AGE, March 31, 1938 Process, has just been made the Packard plant, making possible treat all cams and gears shaft min. where formerly hr. treatment was necessary. The hard- ened zone the nose each cam, when hardened the Tocco process, WILLIAM SHERMAN Detroit Editor, The Age four times thick that former- obtained. the new process for camshafts, each cam heated individually five and one-half sec. 1500 deg. and then quenched with spray water. Heating done electrical hard- ening the Toc- process has been introduced the auto industry Packard. The shafts are racked front the cabinet for the convenience the operator. Output per hr. being obtained. ind ton equ sha eac 12 wa ing ° ° ° induction through blocks tom the cabinet which houses the equipment. Through eight glass doors the cabinet the operator watches eight pairs shafts which hang ver- tically from Each pair shafts shifted downward from stop each stop, one the cams posi- tion the inductor block that heat- ing current applied one cam another. The output this equip- ment shafts per hr. Where 1/16 in. hardened zone was obtained the former carburiz- ing furnace, the shaft now gets BELOW electric induc- tion blocks are drilled for water quenching the heated part. sure the water sq. in. and the tem- perature thermo- statically controlled deg. in. hardened zone the nose each cam and in. zone the back surface. hardness Rockwel! C-60 scleroscope Greater uniformity results said obtained Packard through use the new process and equipment, addition the big savings time. While savings the amount machining labor involved, the hard- ening much easier, cleaner and done much more comfortable sur- roundings than those conventional heat treating furnaces. This application induction hard- ening follows closely the wide ac- ceptance this process for crank- shafts. July, 1935, approximately 1000 units per month were treated 1937 estimated 14,000 crank- shafts were induction treated each month the automotive industries. RIGHT glass doors lowered, the reveals shafts hanging pairs with the lower ends the electric blocks where induc- tion heating 1500 deg. accom- plished sec. for each surface hardened. YDRAULICALLY actuated, the supporting frame lowers successive surfaces are heated, THE IRON AGE, March 1938—35 q - terials Handling Methods and Equipment. OBILE crane hoist equipment descriptive phrase which singles out unique category materials handling apparatus. single, coordinated functions slewing-boom crane hoist and mobile, load-carrying truck are combined. consequence, three separate operations may per- formed such equipment; operations not found all together any other piece equipment. truck, brief, will any load which cannot readily placed skid, from any point within reach the hoist hook (on either side front the truck itself, and from the ground level from positions ranging sev- eral feet above ground level) the load over any vertical obstruction (such the side gondola car) interposed between the original and final positions the load 3—Transfer the load from one point another nearby point without 36—THE IRON AGE, March 31, 1938 ing the truck, transfer the load from one point any near hand far removed, mov- ing the truck while the load held the crane hoist hook. cepted advantages boom hoist adds the highly desirable characteris- tics mobility and maneuverability. Instead fixed base operations, have base extraordinary flex- ibility. Although the major field for the use mobile crane hoist equipment undoubtedly that construction work, service various kinds and around the manufacturing plant has secondary field may called with the handling goods into and out storage and and from com- mon carriers. Yet the functions mobile crane hoist equipment actually extend beyond this particular category and into all sorts miscellaneous handling and transfer operations not simply classifiable. The keynote all such operations words “pick and carry away,” applied many types loads dif- ficult handle any other means. Crane trucks exemplify larly high degree the most important Mobile Northwest Eng neering mobile crane hoist unit mounted speedy highway truck chassis. single requirement speedy and low- cost materials handling equipment; self-loading. This equally true all three types mobile equipment; the slewing-boom crane mounted crawler-tread tractor, wheeled highway truck chassis, industrial truck chassis. The chassis any case provides the crane- base the crane hook provides the self-loading feature. Load Application all crane hoist work any kind, the point application the load the hoist hook. But hoist hook, itself alone, singularly what the hook engages with, that the usefulness crane hoist equipment may judged. hoist hook only load-lifting device when carries load-lifting rig. Five general types load-lifting rigs for use this con- nection are general use. First importance comes the made rope cable. And right here will interest note that practically all rope and cable manu- facturers have recently prepared valu- able handbooks the subject the proper and improper uses ropes and cables, with hints how use slings many types. Two these, issued Broderick Bascom Rope Co. and Leschen Sons Rope Co. show means photographs 4. iss me tic ar an ° ° ° ou co ar al m 11 a Cc 11 a 0 a Cc 1 Crane Hoist Equipment and pen-and-ink drawings how han- dle rope effectively, while two others, issued the MacWhyte Co. and John Roebling’s Sons Co. show many photographs tical uses various types slings. Around the manufacturing heavy and unwieldy parts, structural shapes, lumber, crates, boxes, barrels, sheets, rods, tubes and pipe are com- monly handled slings. Next comes the bucket, basket tray, with handle into which the hoist hook may engage. Liquids, mol- ten metal, granular bulk materials are usually handled buckets ladles; small parts baskets; and small medium size boxes, cartons, crates, kegs, barrels and drums trays. Grab-buckets and shovels vari- ous kinds are, course, primarily construction equipment, but for the handling loose bulk materials and around the manufacturing plant they are especially useful. Such ma- terials may range from ore, limestone and sand grain, coal and ashes. Grab-tongs many shapes are made pick lumber, ice, sheets metal, rolls metal paper, coils wire cable, and barrels. And, finally, the lifting magnet (where electric current available operate it) commonly used for the handling scrap any miscellane- ous ferrous metal. All these devices depend from the hoist hook, making effective instrument for picking the load, and for holding during transfer op- erations, This all true, course, for any crane hoist. But the mobile crane hoist has its reason for being the fact that not anchored fixed base, limited fixed line agent, tying together all forms common carriers and storage build- ings, well performing myriad odd jobs and around plant for which other piece handling equipment really suited. The Mobile Unit This discussion will limited the inherently mobile units crane hoist equipment; that is, the equip- ment which free move anywhere horizontally, and not limited its range action fixed tracks. Such definition rules out consideration overhead and gantry cranes, and all types locomotive cranes (which, however, will discussed detail elsewhere this series). does in- clude, however, all that huge class crane hoists mounted crawler-tread tractors, highway truck chassis, and industrial truck chassis. these three categories alone, without exhaustive research, the author has already listed over 100 models. The field therefore large and, makers and users alike, profitable. what does this profit from the user’s point view? one factor, and one factor alone; the ° ° ° FRANCIS JURASCHEK Consulting Editor, The Iron Age ° ° ° arduous unusual handling job quickly, easily, and less cost than any other method. piece mobile crane hoist equipment cannot earn its board and keep (with bit profit thrown in), has reason for being. All mechanical materials han- dling equipment must the long run considered from this economic standpoint. typical example the ability single mobile crane hoist operator, with the help laborer the rail- road car put slings around the lengths pipe, unload 100 ft. lengths cast iron water pipe from gondola car siding and stack them storage pile ft. away, total handling cost, everything included, $2.25; compared with the next cheapest method handling, $12.50. Such comparisons carefully worked out, demonstrate in- evitably the values mechanical han- dling equipment. Aside construction work proper, the principal uses mobile crane hoist equipment are found connection with railroads, steam- 2—Thew-Lorain crane hoist mounted tractor, handling twisted scrap with good grace. A - RIGHT 4—A Thew- mobile crane hoist mounted heavy highway truck chassis makes short work build- ing construction handling. ship terminals, airports, public utility and industrial power plants, and manufacturing plants. Four Movements any piece mobile crane hoist equipment there are essential power all which, for utmost speed handling, should taneously, one time any order, the will the operator. The first movement is, course, the hori- zontal travel the whole equipment itself; that the ability transfer the equipment and the load carried from point point. This func- tion the vehicle, and variously accomplished moving the tractor treads, the truck wheels. re- quires the capacity move forward 38—THE IRON AGE, March 31, 1938 LEFT 3—This light, mobile crane hoist called Krane Kar, and may powered with gasoline diesel engine. backward, turn any direc- tion, needed. The second essential movement the hoisting the load, accomplished winding the hoisting cable drum. This operation must done with equal facility down, and the movements must protected with adequate brakes that the load may held any position indefinitely, with perfect safety. The third movement that rais- ing lowering the boom, and like- wise accomplished cables wound drum drums. Again, adequate braking necessary, hold the boom any outreach, loaded with safety. The fourth movement desirable, but not always absolutely necessary, provided the vehicle capable suf- ficiently flexible movement within it- the boom, shifting from side side. When this can done, the vehicle may spotted the most favorable position for the work done, and combinations hook-hoisting, boom-raising, and boom-slewing movements, loads may picked from one position, trans- ferred another position and de- posited there, without moving the ve- hicle itself. Where slewing not possible, the truck must maneuvered transfer the loads from point point. Slewing generally accom- plished means gear pinion driving gear ring mounted boom turn-table the truck trac- tor chassis. added these; that extending the boom further outreach. Usually this manual operation, involving the pulling out and pinning into place telescoping section the boom. The alteration the boom length must always accomplished while load being carried. Equipment Illustrated The illustrations show small number typical appli- cations mobile crane hoist equip- ment industrial use. Fig. the new Northwest Engineering crane truck which unites the ruggedness heretofore usually associated crawler crane design, with the high mobility highway truck movement. This equipment made sizes and cu. yd. capacity, with hoisting hook, shovel, dragline ap- 4 hi Ga I q paratus. The power take-off helical gear drive, and the boom hoist worm gear drive. The boom may slewed through complete circle. Note, however, that the construction this equipment requires the truck control divorced from the crane control. The truck properly spotted, the operator leaves the truck cab, and enters the crane cab for all hoisting work. Fig. the other hand, see that scrapping the higher mobility the highway truck chassis and ac- cepting the more limited speed move- ments the crawler-tread, com- pletely self-contained control may had from one station. This Thew- Lorain shovel doing particularly nasty job with good grace, scrap RIGHT IG. 5—A Yale ex- tensible boom crane hoist in- dustrial truck chas- sis. The boom may manually extend- ft. Four separate electric motors are yard. The boom here will likewise slew through 360 deg., and the toothed bucket makes short shrift the ugly, twisted scrap. The Silent Hoist Winch Crane Co. Krane Kar shown Fig. use one the large railroad repair shops, moving heavy parts from point point needed. This vehicle may gasoline diesel engine powered desired, and has maximum lift- ing and transporting capacity tons ft. boom radius. has front wheel drive; the smaller rear wheels, narrower tread, being steer- ing wheels. This model but exceptionally mobile unit, especial- designed handle more econom- ically great deal work usually assigned large units with long LEFT 6—A Baker- Raulang unit used large rail- road yard. Note that electric current for the magnet furnished from the same Ready-Power gasoline electric power plant that drives the truck and hoists the load. booms. Several prominent steel com- panies have recently purchased these small crane trucks for miscellaneous yard handling purposes. Thew-Lorain truck-mounted unit capable quite heavy work shown Fig. assisting the censtruction plant. particular interest the use sections passed trans- versely through holding brackets the truck chassis prevent the equip- ment from overturning case the load maximum boom outreach great overbalance the weight the equipment. Fig. Yale crane truck shown carrying load pipe along city street. The boom this truck the manual telescoping type, with maximum extended outreach ft. Maximum load carrying capacity the trucks this line Four separate series wound run from single storage battery oper- ate, separately, the truck drive, the hoist, the boom, and the slew move- ments. All controls are from the single station where the operator stands. and boom controls are the push button type, operating magnetic contactors. The boom may slewed through angle 270 deg. These trucks are driven the two larger wheels nearest the con- THE IRON AGE, March 1938—39 : ° ° ° \\ “bbe trol station, but are steered through all four wheels. Fig. shows Baker-Raulang unit large railroad yard. This truck powered with Ready-Power gaso- line-electric unit which furnishes elec- tricity for truck drive, hoisting, boom- lifting, boom-slewing, and hoisting magnet. The capacity this truck rated 1500 Ib. lift ft. boom radius. This excep- tionally compact self-contained mobile unit, capable performing most economically wide range unusual handling work. BELOW 7—An Elwell-Parker ex- tensible-boom truck which, with special grab-tongs, makes ideal handling unit for tiering operations the storage warehouse. — 40—THE IRON AGE, March 1938 ABOVE Atlas Car Mfg. Co. non-slewing boom truck especially adapted for the han- dling very heavy rolls paper under conditions where the extra flexibility slew- ing boom not required. The Elwell-Parker unit illustrated Fig. likewise Ready-Power equipped. With its extensible boom and the special grab-tongs ideal for tiering operations storage warehouse. Note the ease with which the bundles paper-board are stacked eight tiers high, thus reducing con- siderably the. rental space. Atlas Car Mig. Co. crane truck with non-slewing boom il- lustrated Fig. handling very heavy roll paper. The simple but sturdy construction this type truck makes effective unit for such handling operations not require the greater flexibility the slewing boom. The Browning Crane Shovel Co. gasoline crawler crane shown automotive manufacturers for all sorts | > 9—One the new Browning Crane Shovel Co. 8-ton gasoline crawler cranes used large au- tomobile manufacturer for all sorts yard handling work. ticular case being used load chassis frames from stock pile trucks. Note the simple yet efficient handling rig depending from the hoist hook, and likewise the unique con- struction the operator’s cab, giving full vision every position. Plastics Testing Discussed A.S.T.M. Meeting SYMPOSIUM plastics with six technical papers, followed informal dinner, featured the 1938 regional meeting the American Society for Testing Mate- rials, held recently Rochester, Most the papers presented before the 450 engineers attendance the meeting were concerned with the es- paper entitled “The Properties Ideal Plastic,” presented Nemours, was pointed out that each the commercial plastics the market today offered com- bination merits and deficiencies which determines its field useful- ness. After giving proposed defi- nition plastic, namely, material which contains its essential ingre- dient organic binder and which, some stage its manufacture the fabrication articles from it, capable being shaped flow while plastic liquid condition, and thereafter capable being brought more less rigid condition, Mr. Randolph stated that plastics are or- dinarily classified terms their respective base materials cellulose acetate, phenol-formaldehyde, outlining the properties ideal material, low cost was indicated most important, followed spe- cific gravity, low molding temperature and high strength. Moisture absorp- tion should low and solubility organic solvents should kept minimum. Determining Strength Properties Testing methods for determining the strength properties plastics were Richardson, Pittsfield works, General Electric Co., who stated that, for one not already familiar with plastics, difficult choose from those avail- able since published data physical properties may not uniform determine tensile strength properties, has been suggested that photo-elastic analysis used de- termine proper shape the tension specimen. While the modulus elas- ticity may require arbitrary definition because its variability, deflection curves will probably necessary for ductility plasticity characteristics. While fatigue test might involve repeated impact, torsion, flexing test, the author stated that yet very satisfactory test this sort had been worked out for plastics. basis. Thermal Measurements Present Difficulties review methods for measuring the thermal properties plastic ma- terials was contained paper read Zinzow, Bakelite Corp. Mr. Zinzow said that while determinations thermal expansion material are relatively simple theory, some culties are encountered One these difficulties that the shrinkage the material elevated temperatures may the same order magnitude the change due expansion alone. Since most plas- cics are used relatively low temper- atures, the emissivity does not seem important, but heat distortion, soft- ening point, property consider- able interest. The author indicated the possibility indentation penetration type test cover this property. Another property im- portance shrinkage, particularly close tolerances are specified fin- ished pieces. Difficulties determin- ing mechanical properties elevated temperatures were outlined and the (CONTINUED PAGE 108) THE IRON AGE, March . ¥ ° 4 \ \ + | Recent Developments Electrical this review recent an- nouncements the elec- trical equipment manufac- turers, find two electronie devices vacuum tube time delay device for machine tool control and photo-cell unit for industrial purposes), two new series push but- ton stations, rotary cam switch, magnetic reversing switch combination with air circuit breakers, combina- tion forward, reverse and braking oil circuit breakers, MONG the new pieces electri- cal controls for machinery brought out recent months general-purpose vacuum-tube timer, being marketed the industrial de- partment General Electric Co. for application particularly machine tools that require definite time de- lay during operation. One chief service features the device that the fact that the electronic por- tion consists three-element, high- vacuum metal tube, which not only has long life but which also can easily replaced through any radio supply store. intended replace me- chanical type timers. The timer arranged operate either 115 230 volts, and cycles. The contact tips are rated 42—THE IRON AGE, March 31, 1938 several types mill type oil circuit breakers, dust-tight capacitors, automatic bat- tery charger, two new lines motors and motor tester. The second section this re- view devoted sum- mary plant lighting equip- ment placed the market recent months. Next week's issue will have re- view small tools and cut- ters recently placed the market. amp. 115 volts and 0.5 amp. volts. calibrated with scale having divisions proportional time. The maximum and minimum operating times 115 volts are ap- proximately and sec. The reset- ting time about sec. for 100 per cent timing. The timing reduced BELOW METAL va- cuum tube, procurable any radio store, feature this G-E time-de- lay relay, espe- cially applicable machine tool control. ABOVE new line Westinghouse type push buttons for heavy duty applications have interchangeable mounting dimensions and may grouped combination. RIGHT control designed for industrial service. per cent for resetting time about sec. Photo-Electric Control Photoswitch Incorporated, Chest- nut Street, Cambridge, Mass., has de- veloped photo-electric control de- signed expressly for poses. Both the control and the light source are furnished proof housing suitable for installation any factory location. Photoswitch and provides control 1/30th sec. Operating 115 volts, either a.c. d.c., this control priced $40, complete with the light source. Photoswitch model used for long distance signal systems and con- trols. will operate distance ft. from its light source, both daylight and darkness. sells for $40 also. Photoswitch counter, model 30, combines one compact hous- ing complete photo-electric control and rugged electric counter. The Re 3 vi re st m te a ° ° ° a u Oo a Cc ° ° cere) { ontrols and Lighting Equipment output the tube circuit feeds di- rectly into the counter, without the in- terposition relay. This design as- sures positive and fast count. This model priced $50 complete with its light source. Heavy-Duty Push Buttons Mounted heavy steel cases, with baked enamel finish and chromium plated legend plates, the new type push but- tons for and d.c. control circuits are designed for heavy-duty service where dependability paramount. Stations from one seven units are available, together with lamp recep- tacle and rotary selector switches. All units have interchangeable mounting dimensions and may grouped to- gether any combination meet particular requirements. are suitable for built-in control for panel mounting. Each unit The standard enclosure has cover ABOVE G-E STANDARD duty, surface mounted, oilproof momentary-contact push button stations. Flush mounted types are also available, well selector switch units. RIGHT assembly Ohmite model rheo- stats, in. diam. and rated watts each, for use where several circuits are varied simultaneously. FRANK OLIVER Associate Editor, The Age consisting the top and sides one piece, giving full accessibility when removed. Flush plate tions are also available for mounting chine. With either type station, the cover recessed protect the buttons against accidental opera- tion, but not interfere with operation gloved finger. Indicating lamps can mounted any position the mounting dimensions for the recep- tacle are interchangeable with the units. Other features include silver- plated double-break contacts, stainless steel springs and general heavy duty design. safety latch, with pro- vision for padlocking, can vided lock the controller “safe” inching position. General Electric’s industrial depart- RIGHT HIS G-E multi-cir- cuit rotary cam switch primarily for use with machine tool equipments. ment has recently announced new line low-priced, compact, standard- duty push-button stations specifically designed resist the deteriorating ac- tion oil and dirt encountered applications. These small stations are provided with graphited packing ring between the button proper and the bushing, oil guard. This packing ring prevents the seepage oil grease from op- gloves hands into the but- ten mechanism. The line includes flush-mounted, surface-mounted, mo- mentary-contact, and selector switch units. Rotary Cam Switch Also developed primarily for use conjunction with machine tool equip- ments, new line General Electric rotary cam switches available for various multi-circuit applications. The switch consists series cam bushings mounted shaft sup- ported two end plates, held rigid tie rods. Steel-backed, silver-to- THE IRON AGE, March 7 q ORWARD, reversing and braking oil circuit breakers are found this new motor control, announced Westinghouse. silver contacts contribute long life. Supports for these contacts, mounted securely the tie rods, are insulated tubes high dielectric strength. The switch may obtained with maximum circuits and with many positions 360 deg. rotation. Enclosures have not been made available, since the unit ordi- narily built into other machines control panels. The same division General Elec- tric Co. has also developed new line magnetic reversing switches combination with air circuit breakers. Designed alternative equipment for fused motor-circuit switches, this line features low installation cost, space economy, and increased safety. The switches are intended for the full- voltage starting a.c. motors and are particularly suitable for use where short-circuit protection for individual motors desirable and means disconnecting the power-supply line switch and motor. The complete device consists air circuit breaker, two magnetic contactors me- chanically interlocked, and tempera- ture overload relay, all enclosed sheet metal case for wall mounting. The breaker can readily reclosed after has tripped short-circuit. Tandem Rheostat Assembly Where several electrical circuits the control individual phases three-phase line, special type tan- dem construction has been designed the larger size rheostats made the Ohmite Mfg. Co., 4835 Flournoy Street, Chicago. This assembly can 44—THE IRON AGE, March 1938 supplied for two, three, four more rheostats tandem, using any combination 300, 500 1000-watt units. Each rheostat driven indi- vidually from the shaft through uni- versal couplings especially designed eliminate lost motion, thus keeping the contacts alignment. Such as- semblies are usually motor driven, have separate bearings the end plates and are mounted rigid, cadmium plated steel framework. Motor Starting and Braking Control development for motor control three breaker combina- tion containing forward, reverse and braking oil circuit breakers, an- type DX-40 oil circuit breaker for starting large synchronous and induction mo- tors, especially steel mill service. nounced Westinghouse Electric Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh. Each breaker operated with indepen- dent solenoid mechanism. ward and reverse breakers are ar- ranged close their contacts when the solenoid energized, while the braking breaker contacts are opened when its solenoid energized. They are spring closed when the mecha- nism tripped. All three breakers are both electrically and mechanically interlocked that the normal cycle The breakers have 25,000 kva. rup- turing capacity, 7500 volts, 600 with silver-to-silver contacts, “De-ion” interrupters, Micarta bushings and enclosing construction. breakers, spring closing device and mechanical interlocks are all mounted single rigid steel plate assuring proper alinement and correct adjust- ment. The time for energizing the trip coil either the forward re- verse breakers until the brake con- tacts make 0.125 sec. Both potential trip coils and under-voltage release devices are used. Circuit Breakers Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co., Condit Works, Boston, has announced moderate capacity, indoor oil circuit breaker non-oil-throwing construc- tion, known type DX-25, capable wide application industrial and service. Expulsion ports, featured this breaker, are devices claimed hasten are tion. Other features include: alining, wedge and finger type con- tacts with silver surfaces; cast steel top frame, welded steel tank; one- angle, straight-line-motion type mech- anism. The breaker furnished man- ually electrically operated for 600, 1200 and 2000 amp. 15,000, 7500 and 5000 volts respectively. has interrupting capacity rating 75,- 000 larger size, type DX-40, being manufactured the same company for heavy-duty starting large syn- chronous and induction motors, in- cluding rolling mill starting and jog- ging and other steel Claim made that will operate many thousands times under load without req