The Iron Age 1938-02-10: Vol 141 Iss 6

FEBRUARY 10, 1938 ar by CONTINUOUS HOT AND COLD STRIP MILLS DESIGNED ad ENGINEERING and FOUNDRY COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA neg COMPANIES. DAVY AND ENGINEER NY, SHE INION WORKS, MONTREAL, You can’t learn all the known intricacies research and experimentation the labora- with manufacturers every type steel-using years which cost many mil- lions dollars. But you can few minutes learn from Republic metallurgists just what steels will best serve your various needs lowest cost. For back 2—THE IRON AGE, February 10, 1938 these men are the years experience and their disposal are the carbon, special require- ment and alloy steels that have made Republic Steel first choice large and small steel users. The experience, the quality steels and the metallurgical assistance Republic will help you improve your product, increase your sales cut production costs. Republic Steel Corporation, Alloy Steel Division, Massillon, General Offices, Cleveland, Ohio. BERGER MANUFACTURING DIVISION THE IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON CO. (INC.). Publication Office, Chestnut 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Editorial and Executive Offices, 239 39th New York, Act March 1879. $6.00 year Entered second class matter November 1932, the Post Office Philadelphia S., Canada $8.50, Foreign $12.00. Vol. 141, No. { — f ] 5" | « | A 5 4 CON STEEL COMPAN 4 NE | and public you ales ration, Editorial FRITZ FRANK President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Bditor Metallurgical Associate Editors PHAIR JURASCHEK Consulting Hditor Washington Editor Resident District Editors Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detrott Editorial Correspondents London, England Cinewnati FRAZAR Boston Hemburg, Germany Milweukee Sen Frencisco SANDERSON ASA JR. Toronto, Ontario Birmingham ALLISON Roy EpMONDs Newark, N. J. St. Lowis TURNER Owned and Published CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Office Editorial and Chestnut and 56th Sts., Offices Philadelphia, Pa. 239 West 39th St., New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JOHN VAN JULIAN CHASE THOMAS KANE CHARLES BAUR CARROLL BUZBY BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 year. Single copy, cents. STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bldg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bldg., Chestnut & 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bidg., Chicago H. E. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St., New York Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit Ober, 239 39th St., New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Blidg., Pittsburgh D. C. Warren, P. O. Box 81, Hartford, Conn. Cont FEBRUARY 10, 1938 Big Job for Brains Analysis the Grinding Process Grinders Predominate Machine Tool Developments. From Ingot Roll Neck Bearing Characteristics Variable Speed Transmissions Bicycle Tubing Welded Hart Process Armament Program Will Develop Large Tool Orders Statistics Metal-Working Activity Automotive Industry............. Rate Activity Capital Goods Washington News NEWS CONTENTS Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying New Industrial Literature........ Just Between Two Products Advertised Copyright 1938 by Chilton Company (Inc.) Special High-Speed Tool Steel super-cutting steel that holds its edge when the going heavy, keeps production schedules from bogging down even when machining special steels, high-test iron castings and similar stubborn mate- rials that take out tool steel. Bethlehem Special keeps time out for grinding minimum. stands through deep cuts high speeds with fast feeds spite high temperatures. Bethlehem Special the oldest all high-speed tool steels and was first manufactured 1900. Since that time, research has gone continuously and there has been consistent improvement efficiency. the complete range Bethlehem Tool Steels, you will find other grades that you can count give equally efficient, dependable service particular fields application. THE IRON AGE ... FEBRUARY 10, 1938 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 141, No. Big Job for Brains fine and efficient machine tools has given some- thing think about. said he, been due the fact that the machines make and sell are able turn out more and better work, for the dollar investment, than our even than our own machines few years ago. continued, find new factor entering the situation. some plants and some sections the country, there ap- pears growing resistance the part machine operators let new machine work its full capacity and exercise the advan- tages that have been built into it. Whether this due the ‘unioniza- tion’ movement not, cannot say, although not confined union shops. any rate the new machine slowed down, not management but labor. such conditions should become general, would not pay any machine builder strive for Most will agree with the machine tool builder that would too for all and for any hope higher standard living put end efficiency gains, most which have come from invention and improvement and which alone can create added pur- chasing power. American wages well American profits are machine made, not hand made this machine age. But unless workers accept this fact fact, the path improvement will thorny one. What must learn more about the relationship cost re- duction consuming power and after that work out division the gains among workers, consumers and proprietors best fitted finance consumption. And that job for employers and workers tackle together common ground and for mutual benefit. hard But you through any modern plant and note h-speed the wonders that have been accomplished and the miracles that have been wrought through the application brains and ingenuity, you can nuously hardly doubt that the same quality brains and pains can solve these eco- nomic puzzles apply them with equal determination and enthusiasm. | Steels, theif nent ey 7 | : 2 » need replacing obsolete machinery constantly being urged upon executives manu- facturing plants. However, lighting systems well machinery equip- ment become obsolete. Improvements lighting have come rapidly that lighting system that was the best that could had few years ago may lack efficiency today that its replacement should not delayed. The factory lighting facilities the Warner Swasey Co., Cleveland, few months ago probably were least fully the average for metal working plant, changes had been made from time time more effi- cient lamps were brought out. However, this company few months ago decided com- pletely modernize its entire factory lighting system, believing that lighting improved higher stand- ard quantity and quality may established for its product; other words, that with better lighting work- men will better work and increase their output. great deal study was given the lighting problems this plant and tests were made various reflectors before new lighting adopted. summer vacation shut- down provided opportune time for substituting new lighting system and the work was done during that period that there was interference with production. Entire System Changed uniform lighting system was adopted for the machine shops, tool room and pattern shop. Over new lights were installed these de- partments and this number will increased over 1200 when all the changes lights are completed. Old reflectors the assembly department were also replaced new type reflector. These are over 200 number. The lighting unit adopted for the machine shops and stock room 26—THE IRON AGE, February 10, 1938 Holophane reflector for extensive light distribution, having deep pris- matic glass bowl which 200-watt inner frosted lamp used. The lights are placed three rows 10-ft. centers each direction each bay, the bays being ft. wide. The lights provide 20-ft. candle illumina- tion. The lights are ft. above the floor, being close the ceiling clear the way the runways hand operated cranes that serve some the floors. There are four outlets each circuit instead hereto- fore, that only four lights need only small section the floor re- quired. these reflectors 500-watt lamps may used, increasing the il- lumination times. Tests made the plant indicate increased efficiency the glass reflec- tors compared with porcelain enam- eled metal reflectors. The company has also found that the efficiency the glass reflectors not impaired cleaning. Light well and evenly diffused throughout the shops that there are dark areas. Nearly all machine tools are now individually motor driven that there little overhead shafting and belting fere with the diffusion light. portion the light passes through the glass reflector the ceil- ing from which reflected back through the room, thus aiding the uniform diffusion the light building intensity low points. obtain full effect the lighting ten oug Coa had wit! don new whe are Ing >* reflec- ompany ency aired evenly that all passes the ceil- the and oints. ting mportant Subject tem the ceiling and walls were painted white. These surfaces were first thor- oughly cleaned and then given one coat paint, providing white surface would have been obtained had two coats paint been applied without cleaning the walls. replac- ing the lighting system one floor was done time and the conduit that was taken out from one floor was re- the next floor that little new conduit was required. For the assembly departments and where some the larger machines are located the first floor, intensi- fer type reflectors pure glass with double wall and silvery lining between the walls used. The reflect- ing lining sealed between the inner and outer walls. With these reflectors HIS photo shows the ing system that has been installed the Warner Swasey Co. plant. Photo was taken the turret lathe de- partment. 500-watt lamps are used and the light intensity said times that formerly obtained with metal reflec- tors and 750-watt lamps. There are 200 these lamps located 20-ft. centers the assembling bays. The saving current with the use these lamps for 10-weeks’ period was suf- ficient pay for the cost the im- proved reflectors. Daylight lamps with silvered clear glass mirror type reflectors, commonly known show window angle reflec- tors, have been placed the inspec- tion department, replacing the ordi- nary inside frosted lamps and metal reflectors. The daylight lamps with clear glass reflectors are found more satisfactory because they reduce the glare without reducing the intensity ° ° ° FRED PRENTISS ° ° objectionable degree. These candles, are placed 3-ft. centers straight continuous row for dis- tance about 100 ft., directly under the crane rail along one side the inspection line. Current for localized lighting for most the individually motor driven machine tools taken from the power circuit through 50-watt transformer attached the machine. With sin- gle line supplying current for both power and light, less wiring re- quired and easier move machine. Special Lighting for Stock Bins Improving the lighting the stock room presented problem because the difficulty lighting the interior stock bins extending from the floor the ceiling alongside narrow aisles. Several lights stock bin reflectors are located the ceiling, these ade- quately illuminating the aisles and up- per bins. These ceiling lights are supplemented the unique provision trolley duct that mounted di- rectly under the ceiling that has runway the length the building, the trolley duct taking the place sta- tionary light socket. Connected the trolley light cord attached the other end which ordinary light bulb with guard. This bulb used for throwing light into the lower tiers bins. With this easily mov- able lamp stock room attendant may quickly throw the light into the back bin. Good illumination provided the pattern shop with lamps with Holo- phane reflectors placed cen- ters, the same the work benches, giving each workman individual light. These lights are ft. in. above the floor ft. above the work benches. All light and power distribution sys- tems start from the center third floor, these systems extending upward THE IRON AGE, February 10, 1938—27 A A ° ° ° 7 for the three upper floors and down- ward serve the two lower floors and basement that power trans- mitted minimum distance. Power feed lines distribution panels are the same size their entire length. usual practice these feeders start the basement and the size the wire tapers down before reaching the top floor. Feeders uniform size have the advantage flexibility, which said more than compensate for the increased cost caused not having any reduction the size the copper feed wires. Flexibility Provided Another advantage claimed for carrying the feeder system the third floor for distribution the other floors. With this arrangement the power lines, should the power require- ments increase, the feeder system may divided the provision addi- tional feeders. Then the former feed- ers will provide current only for dis- tribution through the floors and new feeders will serve the three lower floors. Every conduit has separate panel the main switch- board, ABOVE the inspection department, showing the intensive vided that department the row closely spaced daylight lamps with show window angle reflectors un- der the crane rail. RIGHT picture show- ing the improved light- ing facilities, this being taken the unit assembly depart- ment. 28—THE IRON February 10, 1938 a own- loors rans- are wire top have ich the aving for third other the may addi- feed- upper the has accompanying article abstracted from un- usual paper presented the national production meeting the Society Automotive Engineers, held Flint, Dec. 10, 1937. the author recites few general premises and considers quali- tatively what observation and little measurement, EGLECTING grinding with cup wheel face, and confining our attention the use the periphery cylindrical Wheels, may cut “up,” “climb- cut,” borrow terms from milling practice. The ordinary grinder, with work reciprocating past the wheel, indulges alternately both forms. cutting up, curved wedge shaped chip removed, ideally start- ing the thin end the wedge and increasing thickness almost the breaking-out place, then rapidly di- ting, different wedge shaped chip removed, starting its big end and building rapidly maximum thickness and then proceeding toward the small end. Consider for the up-cut case the sequence which things happen building chip: the cut- the Grinding Process ° ° ° ROLAND HUTCHINSON Olds Motor Works, Lansing, Mich. has come believe approxi- mately happens when grind- ing wheel work. The orig- inal paper replete with mathematical analyses sus- tain his contentions, but only the general analyses and con- clusions are presented this brief review new ap- proach the familiar prob- lem grinding metals. ting particle immediately enters the work the thin end the wedge, increases depth cut per abrasive grain until almost through, and rap- idly diminishes this depth breaks out. radial force required make the grain penetrate the stock initially. Once this has occurred the material piles ahead the grain, the parent metal failing compres- sion and shear. The duller the edges, the greater the required force for penetration. This radial force pro- duced the elastic reaction the grain, its bond support, the surface the work, the workpiece whole and the grinding machine itself. So, the work not immediately pene- trated abrasive particle, such particle slides along the surface the work, until large force has been built start cut- ting. Further, what happens first the wheel, happens last the work. Hence using wheel with some- what dulled abrasive, the work scrubbed frictionally such grains and this scrubbing occurs the work swings axay from the wheel (see ref- erence coolants). the grain edges dull still more, the forces ex- erted them the work become great enough and directed either shear the grain tear loose from its bond. other words, the wheel “breaks down.” Simple mathematical analysis shows that the normal pressure between work and wheel varies the square the grain dullness, doubling the dullness, quadruples the sure. The length skidding the thin end the wedge likewise proportional the normal pressure, and the temperature rises both work and wheel are also proportional the square the dullness, neglect- ing the effect coolant. Effect Wheel Structure the climb cut case, the grains start cut the big end the wedge, and relatively large geo- metrical interference rapidly estab- lished, and arguing from other metal cutting experience, once chip started not especially difficult maintain it. Next consider the effect grain spacing wheel structure. The chip material composed small pieces THE IRON AGE, February 1938—29 he —— = Me. 4 which have parted from the parent metal combination shear and compression failure. The material the chip, being harshly worked, be- comes quite hot, and its net volume in- creases. The volume entirely envel- oping the chip much greater than that the chip itself, and the chip grows due the abrasive edges con- tinually advancing through the metal, must the overall volume the chip remain smaller than the inter-granular volume wheel perim- eter. the overall volume chip increases above this value, the chip itself forged between wheel and parent material further heated, even its With relatively large chips and somewhat space, easily possible forge the chip into this space. When the bond sufficiently strong, this forged-in chip stays the wheel—the “loaded” condition. the forging work done the metal removed increases, the heating the chip and the consequent addi- tional friction work done scrub- bing the hot chip over the parent ma- terial yet removed combine still further heat the wheel, the chip and the parent material. slight heating effect occurs the parent ma- terial itself due metal severance, but this itself very minute. Tests show that heating the work surface partially proportional length chip path for given sharpness grain. Tendency wheel breakdown increases with the depth cut. Heating the wheel depends jointly upon the rate dull- ing the wheel and upon the extent filling the intergrain cutting clearance spaces the active wheel face. Heating the work surface may thereby lessened the use stronger abrasive, weaker bond, wider spacing existing abrasive grains (by proportioning the amount bond abrasive grain), and in- creasing wheel speed, combined with the foregoing. Heat developed the work surface may also somewhat reduced climb-cut grinding, since friction due scrubbing the work passes the size point potentially re- ducible. Heating Shoulder Surface Grinding Shoulder surface grinding fre- quently done. With carburizing parts may, however, risky procedure. The situation really follows: The periphery the grinding wheel one whose properties are selected pri- marily grind the cylindrical portion IRON AGE, February 10, 1938 the shaft. When the wheel moved side-wise finish the adjacent shoulder with the side the wheel, the length chip path increases enor- The inter-granular volume not hence with any but the lightest cuts, chip may very easily overfill the chip space and tremendous heating result. When internal stress conditions are just right, chunks work, may and do, jump right off. excess depth cut 0.0002 in. may, critical cases, make all the difference between trouble and trouble. Dressing the side the change much, but does permit the wheel corner break down faster and promote effective openness struc- ture. The wheel structure should ob- viously open possible consis- tent with the satisfactory and eco- nomic production the adjacent cy- lindrical surface. The machines them- selves should kept smooth run- ning order that the cut may felt the operator. Wheel Keenness and Scratchy Work Surface During wheel truing, certain abra- sive particles may have been sheared through, others torn bodily from their holding bond and still others displaced perhaps from their original position and jammed into the wheel. grinding proceeds they often loosen and roll between wheel and work, leaving scratches whose lengths approximate those the in- terference paths. Such scratches may reduced frequency giving the rotating wheel slight rub with oil stone just after diamond truing. further cause scratching will now touched upon. With sharp cornered truing diamond sharp thread chased the wheel, and the table reversal takes place opposite hand thread produced, making series protrusions the wheel surface. the protruding par- ticles dull, their securing bond not strong and they readily break away and are carried sometimes between the work. the wheel loses these protuberances, still fairly good shape and produces less scratchy sur- faces. The smoothness surface fin- ish produced newly dressed wheel and the same wheel- ready for re- dressing varies between wide limits under these circumstances. The sharper form diamond will leave more ridges and pimples the wheel, for finishing, rounder form usually preferred, curva- ture such that will envelope say three times the wheel feed. For constant wheel r.p.m., both the likelihood stuck particles existing and the self cleaning tendency the wheel (due centrifugal force) are proportional only the wheel diame- ter for given shape diamond, depth cut, and dressing time. However, for constant surface speed and time dressing cycle, the wheel diame- ter reduced, the likelihood stuck particles existing reduced, and the centrifugal self cleaning tendency the wheel varies inversely the wheel radius. the wheel reduced size and its surface speed main- tained, the lengths such scratches may occur are reduced with the consequent reduction the grain in- terference path. Hence for freedom from scratches, small diameters wheels are indicated. Coolant Problems However, wheel cost per article made often lessened wheel size increases, and wheel sizes therefore commercial compromise. With up-cutting, the provision large supply coolant when grind- ing materials which have jected drastic heat treatments may hazardous the following respect. With the grinding wheel inter- mediate stage dullness, the work swings away from the wheel the hot scrubbed surface immediately subjected violent quench, often resulting the formation grinding cracks. Coolants with ability read- ily wet the work surface, and those relatively high heat conductivity will surface quench the work faster than others, encouraging cracking. The material characteristics encouraging crack production are coupled with high hardness, and high coefficient expansion coupled with low thermal conductivity. grinding materials prone heat keep the work surface cool and free from violent temperature changes. Rather than attempt this with copious use coolant, some instances may better separately cool the wheel air blast spray, the same time using very hard and strong abrasive grain fairly weak bond, with structure open enough easily accommodate the chip volume per grain. attain good wheel life may necessary run high surface speeds. The writer believes mixture ordinary automobile soap (CONTINUED PAGE 47) | i 4 j | | | | | | | | | | size set ymise. may inter- work the ely often inding read- ose will than The raging rength high with heat nce free the the and weak ugh volume eel life high ure soap chine tools during 1937 Iron Jan. 186), was found that new types grinding ma- chines exceeded number wide margin any other related group machine tools, largely representing the demand for greater accuracy and the wider use hardened and ground parts machine design. too, find reviewing the announcements ceived during the last month that grinding machines again predominate. other types equipment, however, originality design very marked. Oddly enough, machine that stands out from the point view original- ity approach totally unconven- tional shaving machine that doing the work formerly accomplished eight cylindrical grinders. This unusual unit, made the Na- tional Broach Machine Co. De- machine with four panels disposed rotating rectangular column. Each panel tooled alike and carries three motor driven spindles, one for revolving the work and two for the shaving cutters. One cutter shaves cylindrical hub bearing and the second shaves flat bearing face shoulder. Cutters are circular and beveled, with tooth form similar that broach. Both cutters and reviewing developments ma- rinders Predominate Machine ool Developments FRANK OLIVER Associate Editor, The Age work are revolved high speed and the chips produced are fine and hair- like. Working simultaneously, the cutters remove about 0.010 0.015 in. from the shoulder and from 0.020 0.030 in. from the cylindrical surface within limit 0.001 in. dimen- sions and alinement. Cycle time sec., the time one revolution the column, but one part completed every sec. The work mounted centers and cutting be- gins soon the operator locks handle. There are motors used drive the various elements, and the control long time have been able present many novel design features machine tools are described this review. Aside from the several new grinder designs, find rotary shaver doing the work grinder, way-type bor- ing machine with new idea hydraulic feed, hydraulic feed cut- ting-off machine, and number cleverly designed machine tool at- woodworking shaper design. Next week's review will cover equipment for use the welding shop. covered compartment with safety in- terlock. Plugging relays prevent coast- ing when the automatic control mecha- nism turns off the current. Each column panel carries its own forced feed lubricating system, and coolant flows only while the cutting prog- ress. All slides are hardened and ground. V-belt drives and anti-friction bearings are used throughout. The machine stands ft. high. New Grinder Designs number interesting features designed produce the best grade finish with high degree accuracy are found the new Cincinnati universal grinding machine, built and 16-in. sizes, and 24, 36, and in. between centers. The wheelhead unit provides accurate adjustment the wheel the work through square gibbed slides and narrow guides well protected. Alinement between head- stock and footstock units obtained the top the table. The wheel spindle design and its lubricating system are similar those the Cincinnati roll and plain cylin- drical grinders. The bearings are the multiple-shoe type and are self-com- pensating for change load. The bearing chamber completely filled with oil under pressure created THE IRON AGE, February 10, the sting the are ame- lepth ever, time stuck the the nain- tches the in- edom + Broach unit, which replaced eight cylin- drical grinders. 32—THE IRON AGE, February 10, 1938 : grinder. Instead, cylindrical bearing surfaces and shoulders are shaved size within tolerance 0.00! in. this unconventional National RIGHT FIXED spindle mounted preloaded ball bear- ings, with elevating knee, are features the Covel No. handfeed surface grinder. BELOW TRIP coil stock can run through this Mattison grinder either direction. coated abrasive belt the grinding medium, driven power reels both ends. and electrical controls are conveniently located this new Cincinnati universal grinder, which incorporates oil pressure switch protect the wheel spindle bearings. small motor driven pump which draws its oil from reservoir and feeds through renewable filter. soon the pressure builds about lb., pressure switch starts the main drive motor. Failure pressure im- mediately stops the motor. When the filter becomes clogged with dirt, the oil bypasses the reservoir, relieving the pressure and stopping the main motor. Wheel spindle drive motor through multiple V-belts. The stand- ard fixed internal attachment also driven the same motor. swing frame internal grinding attachment optional. Power for the headstock wy, ‘ lraws soon out main im- the the eving main motor stand- also swing ent ABOVE NDEPENDENT semi-finishing and finishing wheelheads are used this type Landis roll grinder. transmitted from its motor the face- plate V-belts and silent chain. variable-speed motor used, controlled rheostat giving speeds ranging from 240 r.p.m. Table movement rack and pinion, with traverse rates available from in. per min. The footstock pro- vided with combination screw and quick acting hand lever for the center movement. the universal features, the headstock swivels through 150 deg.; the wheelhead, deg. either side center, and the table, deg. and deg. forward back. { RIGHT ft. long and machines. q 4 ABOVE hydraulically actuated slides split the cut this Bardons Oliver cutting-off machine, with auto- matic stock feed. LEFT Nove. design features, extreme flexibility and simplicity oper- ation are found the Colonial broach sharpener, for flat round broaches. THE IRON AGE, February 1938—33 = | | Be hydraulic cylinder for traversing the two heads within the drum-type indexing fix- ture this special Moline boring and drilling machine. Electrical control buttons are built into compact units. The group the right includes start and stop buttons for the grinding wheel (also starts the table feed box), button for the coolant pump, start and stop buttons for the internal attachment (also starts the table feed box), and large red button which stops everything. The group the left includes three- position button for the headstock motor and coolant pump, and the rheo- stat. The table traverse engaging lever and the handwheel are directional con- trols. Work diameter reduction may 0.00025 in. through the automatic pick feed mechanism. cross feed back lash arrangement justing. Covel Mfg. Co., Benton Harbor, Mich., offering handfeed surface grinder 18-in. capacity for toolroom work where accuracy and quick changeover from job job are essential. Main features are fixed spindle mounted precision, pre- loaded ball bearings, with the table carried box-section knee mounted the column. The spindle rigid enough grind cemented carbide tools. Eleva- tion the knee, longitudinal table traverse in.) and cross feed are all handwheels. The wheel for vertical elevation graduated thousandths, and the table traverse wheel has ball bearing quill and drives through helical pinion and rack. The spindle driven V-belt from motor totally enclosed the base, and cone pulleys give three speeds 1900, 2350 and 2900 door, hinged for the full length the column, permits easy belt shifting. The 34—THE IRON AGE, February 10, 1938 depth adjustment ob- tained built-in Veeder-Root counter this Dalrae angular milling attachment. WIDE variation gripping pressure provided the power chuck wrench for appli- cation ordinary hand- operated scroll chucks Warner Swasey turret lathes. driving motor mounted hinged plate with vibration dampers and handwheel and screw provide for the adjustment belt tension. Among the attachments available are wheel truing device with dia- mond, portable coolant tank for wet grinding and motor driven dust collector device for dry grinding. unusual design head con- struction employed the new “Uni- versal” broach sharpener, announced Colonial Broach Co., Detroit. provided with grinding head ad- justable through 180 deg. horizontally and vertically from horizontal position deg. below horizontal. The head fitted with hardened slide traveling two roller chains riding hardened and ground ways. The entire slide mechanism sealed against dust. The head also adjustable for side play. Hydraulic feed for automatic operation may incorporated. The grinding wheel spindle direct motor driven with standard speed 3600 r.p.m., the mo- tor being hp. The spindle carried adjustable preloaded, dou- ble-row bearings. Frequency changers permit spindle speeds 10,800 Maximum travel the slide in. Adjustable stops are sup- plied the head fitted with thumb screws. The permanent stops the grinding head support loaded cushion the head and wheel against shock. Adjustment the grinding head: column vertically in. and means handwheel. Hardened and ground ways are provided for the column also. The broach sharpener table has maximum travel in. Adjust- ment the table through worm and wheel, with graduated handwheel. For work requiring extraordinary ac- curacy, vernier worm and wheel = 3 2 | | mechanism can supplied operate the main handwheel, permitting ad- justments 0.0002 in. Table ends are provided with dust guards. For grinding round spline broaches, etc., there are provided headstock, tailstock and barrel-type steady rests. The headstock the two-speed motor-driven type and has center swing for in. diameter work. The tailstock the quick adjustable type and provided with off-center adjustment for tapering broaches. With few minor adjustments the machine will take flat broaches in. width the broaches have straight teeth and slightly narrower for angled teeth. Some time ago the Landis Tool Co. built dual wheel carriage type roll grinder grind exceeding hardness from the rough without the usual turning operations; then the roll was finish ground the same machine the use the second wheel carriage. Another these ma- chines has since been installed semi- finish and finish grind conventional types rolls, and has some inter- esting differences. The size the machine 168 in. The rear bed section has extra length that two standard wheel carriages may mounted it. Either carriage will grind roll the full capacity the machine without interfering with the second carriage. Since the majority the rolls are crowned during both the semi-finish- ing and finishing operations, the fin- ishing wheel head should track with absolute accuracy follow the form produced the roll the semi-finished head. Thorough tests re- veal that the wheel heads track within close degree accuracy. This machine equipped with the power driven bar chuck and feed unit shown with guards removed. new work drive adopted for all stand- ard type roll grinders. consists motor, direct connected gear re- ducer and silent chain drive the spindle. The entire base the drive independent the bed, and motor ONARCH lathes now have Duprene synthetic rubber wipers place felt. vibrations cannot transmitted it. multiple V-belt drive may had extra cost. The machine weighs approximately 185,000 including all electrical equipment. Fifteen electric motors, having total 96% hp., are used. They include two traverse drive mo- tors, two water pump motors, two rapid electric wheel head cross move- ment motors, two wheel spindle oil pump motors, two wheel carriage oil pump motors, two wheel drive motors, work drive motor, footstock traverse motor, and center grinder motor. All motors for complete operation may controlled from the wheel carriage. The wheel carriage motors are interlocked such manner that when one operating the other can- not operated. jog switch enables the operator examine the roll from the front the machine. The Mattison Machine Works, Rockford, has designed con- tinuous grinder for the grinding strip coil stock through the use fac- tory coated abrasive belts. After hot rolled coils are pickled, annealed and cold reduced, strips that show any perfections may ground this machine. Power driven reels are placed each end the machine from which the strip passes guiding rolls and over the work support roll. Work support roll air actuated for disengaging the work from the belt. Ample move- ment provided allow extra room for passing the strip under the belt loading. The grinding roll cush- ioned and has adjustable grinding pressure. The abrasive belt driven from both ends, can run either direction, according direc- tion the strip traveling. The flex- ing the strip passes over the support roll and the point contact the grinding roll provide for fast- cutting belt action. Machines are special fixture assures concentricity thread and work cut Landmaco threading machine. THE IRON AGE, February ler lso eel ide the ing eel the ist- ac- eel available for grinding 12, 18, 24, and in. wide strip. Novel Cutting-Off Machine Hydraulic feed front and rear cross slides one the many fea- tures new automatic cutting-off machine developed Bardons Oliver, Inc., Cleveland, for cutting light and heavy wall tubing, pipe and bar stock 534 in. diameter. Both slides operate simultaneously, dividing the chip equally and thereby reducing the cutting time. Where the pieces are not too long, two more pieces can cut off time multiple tooling. separate pump used for feed and for rapid traverse both directions. The feed pump driven directly off the spindle and feeds are obtained thousandths inch per spindle revolution. Feed increments ten thousandths are ob- tained graduated dial the feed pump. The rapid traverse pump driven separately. When the machine running automatically, movements the slides are controlled trip dogs the front slide, but valve also provided for manual operation short run jobs. The forged spindle mounted roller bearings and splined gear gives two speeds level control. much wider range speeds given change gears. All gears are alloy steel, bath lubricated and mounted roller bearings. The master collet hinge type, air operated, and pro- vided with sets false jaws suit different diameters. The stock stop also air operated and provided with fine adjustment along its mounting bar. Another feature patented roller bar feed, driven separate motor and maintaining constant feeding rate regardless spindle speed. The feed may reversed electrically for backing out the stock, and discon- necting feature allows the feed rollers spread apart when the collet ragged end. All movements the stock stop, collet, roller bar feed and tool slides are synchronized the single set dogs the front slide. For solid bars, possible in- crease the spindle speed the diam- eter the bar reduced the sub- stitution variable speed motor for the constant speed drive motor nor- mally supplied. Unusual Way-Type Boring Machine Another machine some original design features way- type boring and drilling machine with five-station indexing recently built the Moline Tool Co., Moline, 36—THE IRON AGE, February 10, 1938 for rough and semi-finish boring, reaming, counterboring and drilling both ends tractor steering bolsters pedestals for ball race seats. This method supplants five vertical boring and drilling units. The outstanding feature this ma- chine the design whereby the drum- type fixture revolves large ball bearings mounted long doubie- ended hydraulic cylinder means which the two boring heads are pulled into place. Thus, the boring and drill- ing spindles are pulled into the work piston rods connected directly the center the spindle carrying heads, thereby exerting pull line with the work and eliminating strains the bed and wear the ways, be- ° ° ° HIS new Yates-Amer- ican woodworking shaper the first equipped with tilting table and comes either bench floor type. ° ° ° sides assuring perfect alinement and precision. There are four work stations this fixture, the fifth station the top being for loading. Indexing stops are spaced between the work stations and pedal arranged that the opera- tor can easily revolve the drum and fixture its next position. The fixture accurately positioned during the boring and drilling operations two plunger pins, one each side the fixture, that enter and withdraw with the movement the boring heads. this instance, the revolving drum equipped with holding fixtures for three different sizes pedestals. The feed cycle the boring heads automatically controlled hydrau- lic units, each head having rapid traverse forward, feed, dwell against positive stop, rapid return and neutral position. four-station push button gives the operator control the various points the feed cycle well the emergency reverse. The boring heads carriages have extra large bearings hardened steel ways, are provided with gibs and are equal- ized steel racks and pinions. The three boring spindles each head are fitted with standard milling spin- dle noses. All spindles are mounted bearings and are driven wide faced gearing and belts with motors mounted boring heads. The multiple-spindle drill heads are complete units and other heads may substituted. They have end adjustment compensate for wear. Polishes Long Work The Production Greenfield, Mass., has designed work supporting and feeding fixture for polishing long work its type and 101 machines. The fixture made two units, each about ft. long, and these are placed both sides the feed member the ft. long and from in. diam- eter can polished. Weights 150 Ib. can handled, provided the work fairly straight. Each fixture has rolls arranged three groups four rolls each. The lower group are the supporting rolls. There are two groups side rolls, one group placed each side the supporting rolls and above them. The rear group the side rolls are fixed the work center height the ma- chine, which the same regardless work diameter. The front group side rolls must adjusted hand- wheel each time the supporting roll group moved keep the roll cen- ters the height the work center. The supporting roll group adjusted git? ; | similar manner with the excep- tion that lever used. Provision has also been made adjust the idler rolls the feeding angle the feed unit the polishing machine that they will help feed the work also. High Speed Milling Attachment unique use Veeder-Root counter found the new “Midget- mill” angular attachment for hori- zontal miller, making possible mill, bore drill various angles. The device made Dalrae Tools Co., Syracuse, The counter used position set the cutter end mill and provides extremely accurate, direct. reading instrument. Tests have shown that the maximum in. The spindle quill fed triple lead sctew engaging bronze nut, which turn driven worm and worm wheel cut the nut body. The usual features obtained the Dalrae are found the Midgetmill, such the use alumi- num castings wherever permissible, heavy cast iron cradle and the bal- anced design whereby the weight distributed equally either side the overarm. Power Chuck Wrench power driven chuck wrench and power operated bar chuck and feed mechanism have been announced the Warner Swasey Co., Cleveland. Employed chucks from in. diameter, the power chuck wrench attached means standard adapters new saddle type machines those recent design now service. feature the variation pressure made possible the use transformer with eight volt- age outlets. Maximum gripping pres- sure exceeds that hand wrench, while minimum pressure slight enough not cause distortion deli- cate work. The unit intended pri- marily for use with 3-jaw universal scroll chucks, but lends itself also the operation 4-jaw independent chucks, fact, any chuck having radial wrench sockets. use, the operator lines mark the periphery the chuck with pointer the machine and then en- the square end the power wrench pulling the handle toward him. Turning the handle left right controls the direction rotation the wrench. safety interlock pre- vents the machine clutch being en- gaged until the wrench withdrawn. The bar chuck and feed mechanism can furnished with the Nos. and electric and No. geared- independent fractional-horsepower mo- tor, and the mechanical elements re- main the same for the manually operated devices. The single operat- ing lever located near the cross slide, and the No. machine, the device can tripped the cross slide movement. The attachment also adaptable for second operation work where feeding motion re- quired and where the collet must remain open the end the cycle for the insertion new work piece. For first operation work, the feed stroke can adjusted in. the smaller machine and in. the larger. Wipers made Duprene, the new synthetic rubber, are being used place felt all carriage wings well tailstock bases lathes made the Monarch Machine Tool Co. Sidney, Ohio. These rubber wipers are not affected oil other liquids and never have cleaned, since they absorb dirt. They are com- pressed tightly enough prevent any foreign substance getting between the bearing surface the carriage and the ways. They are said last in- definitely. Threading Fixtures fixture was recently designed Landis Machine Co. for use ac- curate production threading the Landmaco threading machine order provide rapid method locating the work and assure concentricity be- tween the thread and the work. traveling center located the die head support the front end the work and prevent the chasers lead- ing off center. heavy spring main- tains constant pressure this cen- ter. second center located the carriage directly back steel block shaped fit the work ‘contour. This ‘which advanced hand operated cam, The work first located the traveling center, then dropped into the block the carriage. Locking the shoulder the piece against this driving block takes place when the cam handle pushed forward. The cam gives positive lock. Woodworking Shaper What probably the first wood- working shaper ever equipped with tilting table has recently been announced the Yates-American Machine Co., Beloit, Wis. The man- ufacturers stress its modern design, the ease with which can set up, the inexpensive knife equipment and its low power consumption. in- tended for light industry, schools and the home shop, and furnished either bench floor type. The new type table (optional) makes possible cut. bevels and intricate moulding standard shaper knives. Two other exclusive features are screw operated outside holdover fence and chipbreaker for surfacing operations. The completely enclosed drive em- ploys flat, fabric belt and speeds 8000 10,000 r.p.m. are provided. high speeds—is furnished the extra heavy base. Motors either 1/3 hp. are available. UNIQUE grandstand was recently built Sapulpa, Okla., entirely pipe salvaged from oil field near the town. The only other material used was wood planking for seats. The work was done the WPA. After erection the stand was covered with aluminum paint. THE IRON AGE, February +. ire dle for ture fixed roll cen- usted EADY read the secrets the structure partment with its powerful special diameters, the polished surface piece printed page—grain size, cleanliness From Roll Neck LEFT assure the necessary dense, hard, wearing surface combined with tough and sturdy body sustain the shock loads imposed bearings steel mill, all Tim- ken bearings are carburized. Soaking for nearly week white heat carbon BELOW rich atmosphere assures this. furnace the roll neck bearing cone shown here being finish turned. ERE see one section the laboratory, steel checked. direct communication telautograph, the chemica 5 4 the finished steel the metallurgical de- microscopes. Magnified 100 even steel can read metallurgist easily and uniformity are clearly shown. Ingot Bearing RIGHT THRILLING sight the tapping operation when from one the world's largest r electric furnaces, where tons BELOW high grade alloy steel single heat, HEN even single roll may weigh much the loads which they are subjected can readily imagined. Here see one nearing completion spe- cially designed turret lathe. where the carbon content every heat with the melt shop pneumatic tube and laboratory functions day and night. ai, | atory, 4 ABOVE NLY the mill builder ever actually sees all the bearings that into mill stand. But here can see the many applications and relative sizes Timken bearings they are installed hundreds stands strip mills. LEFT ERE see special heavy duty roll neck bear- ing cone being fin- ish ground one the special grinding machines handling diameter and maintaining split ances. BELOW duty equipment required shape the tough, alloy steel, forged rings that are used for cups and cones for Timken roll neck bearings. Here see the first step turning cone which will weigh over 1000 when completed. BELOW individual roll inspected detail under magnifying glass for scratches, flaws imperfections. Then special gages reading split tenths are used for checking its diameter while knife edge gages check its taper. = ° ° é ° ° ° RIGHT see one stage the final inspection face plates, special microm- eters, special bars and gages —all are utilized the inspectors who pass reject every mill bearing that leaves the plant. ° ° ° LEFT EADY tion the neck back-up roll one the country's leading strip mills, the bearing shown here weighs 7,640 Others weigh- ing over tons apiece are service. RIGHT the laboratory installed one the largest bear- ing testing machines, where mill bearings in. diameter can tested under radial loads 500,000 and thrust Here all theories are checked, all steels are tried out. ° ° ° ty » Characteristics Variable Speed Economics Industrial Power Transmission. consideration the mechanical phases industrial power trans- mission methods and equipment pause the end the description positive drive methods, and before be- ginning the description resilient drive methods, examine class equipment which may assigned either classification, according the design the apparatus viewed. Vari- able speed transmissions range from the strictly positive characteristics the chain drive the resilient char- acteristics the belt drive, the fric- tion-disc drive and the hydraulic pump-and-motor combination. There are many methods provid- ing variations the speed driven shaft, falling into two general groups mechanisms. The first provides limited number different speeds within total speed ratio range, and includes step-cone pulleys, the gear- change box, and more recently, the multi-speed electric motor. The second class provides unlimited (or “in- number speeds within total speed ratio range, and includes the whole field truly variable speed transmissions, comprising essentially three basic operating principles; the expanding and contracting diameter cone-pulley drive, drive, and the hydraulic drive. The discussion variable speed transmissions this and the follow- ing paper will