The Iron Age 1937-12-23: Vol 140 Iss 26

LIBRARY LIBRARY WEST UNIVERSITY q With the Gulf Engineer “‘in the MODERN MACHINES PERFORM ACCURATE WORK and continuous, uninterrupted production—those are the two big objectives busy industrial plants these days! Highly specialized new machines turn out precision work with remarkable speed and accuracy tribute the ingenuity their designers, but challenge the lubrication engineer! For here, modern machines like these, lubrica- tion must exact. Close tolerances must preserved. Highly finished gears and close fitting bearings must day and day out without appreciable wear. Faulty work must avoided. Plant men have able ally this never-ending war friction and inefficiency. Each day large staff trained lubrication engineers works with operating men hundreds plants from Maine Texas. recommend—from Gulf’s complete line 553 oils and greases—the lubricants best suited each ma- chine the plant. Then they suggest improved meth- ods applying them. This careful attention lubrication almost invar- iably brings economies power and maintenance, with greater efficiency from each machine. Gulf engineer always your service. GULF OIL CORPORATION GULF REFINING COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES: GULF BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA. 2—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON CO. Publication Office, Chestnut nd Executive Offices, 239 W. 39th St.. New York, N. Y Entered as second class matter November 8, 1932, at the Post Office at Phil ideiphia ur Act March $6.00 year S., Canada $8.50, Foreign $12.00. Vol. 140, No. 26. j ‘ BRICATION j 1937—3 THE IRON AGE, December cy late Skelp MOLY CHILL ROLLS for Plate PLAIN CHILL ROLLS for Plate trip—Rods Plate Skelp Rails 4—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 ALANITE ROLLS for Bumper Stock Spring Stock Angles Channels Shapes Flats Hexagons ASEX GRAIN ROLLS for Rods Small Billets Light Billets Tire Sections Edging Flats SAND TUBE ROLLS for ROLLS for Rails Welding Bars Sizing Skelp Reeling car bon flats, hexagons, small channels, OPERATION foames Force oe EMBOSSEO | TRIED BLANA FINISHED die arrangement and the combination Vasco Steels used. Dies are good for 100,000 escutchions made .025 Bronze. The point this story that many times production can increased the use the proper combina- tion die steels rather than make all the dies from one steel. And Vasco Metallurgists are help you select the correct com- bination for every purpose. Diagram above PLENTY THIS STEEL a k SHAPE-CUTTING MACHINES for every cutting need.. can save time and increase profits shaping steel parts using stationary portable Oxweld oxy-acetylene cutting machine. Every Oxweld shape-cutting machine permits practically unlimited freedom, within its scope, fabricating steel products. The stationary Oxweld CM-12 Machine, for example, combines accuracy with wide utility and ease operation. can used economically for cut- ting the same shape repeatedly large-scale production, well for making special items low cost even where only one unit required. Linde representative will gladly help you determine the economies that you can effect with flame cutting. The Linde Air Products Company, Unit Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, New York and principal cities. *Trade-Mark ity 144 inches length and inches per minute. cuts circles, Shapes, bevels lines automatically hand guidance. LINDE OXYGEN PREST-O-LITE ACETYLENE OXWELD APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES FROM LINDE UNION CARBIDE t 6—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 ythin for -Ac ing utting } GOODRICH TANK USED SUCCESSFULLY FOR YEARS HREE years constant service— 70-ft. tank, operating 140°- 150° F., the plant leading auto- mobile manufacturer. its years’ service, this Goodrich tank has never leaked, has never cost penny for re- pairs and not once has the nickel plated- out the Goodrich rubber surface. has maintained stiff production schedule without single delay. The manufacturer says the tank has already paid for itself over and over again. When you buy Goodrich tanks you get more than the exclusive Vulcalock adhesion, more than the patented Tri- flex expansion joint. You get the years experience that only Goodrich can offer—experience gained working with practically every kind acid problem. Goodrich engineers devel- oped the rubber-on-steel tank, and more Goodrich tanks are use today than all other rubber-lined tanks combined. Goodrich experience and patented BRIGHT NICKEL PLATING Goodrich features can save you money and time, assure safe, profitable, efh- cient installation. Write for the full facts The Goodrich Company, Mechanical Rubber Akron, Ohio. Coodrich Goods Division, THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937—7 I | 4 a 4 Designer’s Pra CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL NATIONAL COAL, TUBE TENNESSEE IRON CORPORATION, COLUMBIA STEEL COMPANY, COMPANY, RAILROAD Birmingham STEELS which meet the exacting every part for which they are used. STEELS which come true specifications with striking uniformity order after order. *% STEELS available any needed foi for most working and fabrication. recent years the metallurgy j has become vast and complex vast and complex that within United States Steel Corporation Subsidiaries alone there are labora- ories for testing and research, more than 1700 techni- carry high unit stresses and reduce weight minimum. the machine product designer this has proba- bly been the greatest single factor opening the way | lo resist corrosive environments, to improvement. Unfettered the limitations give high tensile strength with mini- common steel has been able meet every need created his designs, confident that his requirements HEAT-RESISTING STEEL could met endure temperatures disastrous other metals. But this idened range steels has reased the CARILLOY ALLOY STEELS tor designers, has brought with strengthen vital parts such springs, bearings, gears. Special analy- new problem how know just what ses for every purpose. will serve his purpose best, what grades types Carbon steels for forging, forming, cost. Must turn metallurgist also? heat treating and machining. in. not only make every kind steel, but within these subsidiaries specialists their use replacements, reduce maintenance a . costs. metallurgists and sales engineers who are ready follow through with you from drafting room shop, AND MANY OTHERS who will not stop until the right solution found for all wanted plate, the job hand. This service yours for the asking. need. AMERICAN STEEL WIRE COMPANY, Cleveland, Chicago and New York and San Francisco United States Steel Products Company, New York, Export TATES A | Bolts, Also, Thread- ers, Trimmers, Slotters, Nut Screws, Rivets, Rods, COMPANY WATERBURY, made the Metal Machin- process ery, Presses, etc. IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 f 4, { | Weight 85,500 pounds Maximum Capacity diam- Plate Light-gauge Welding YOU can have both wide welding range and high-quality out- put every point that range when you buy G-E single- operator arc welder, with its new, improved features design and performance. Step the current full capacity, cut down mere trickle, set anywhere between—exhaustive tests both our factory and the field prove that get stable arc all points the entire range. The G-E set meets Navy speci- fications every adjustment. This exclusive feature just one many; like them all. Ask the nearest G-E arc-welding distributor G-E sales office today for full information. simply fill out the coupon and get the facts direct from welding headquarters Only $735 puts this depend- NEMA Ford-engine- able powered d-c work for you Full-range, Performance, from Heaviest Genera! Electr = engine dive” welders descrivins ne NAME THE CUSTOMERS WEIRTON STEEL COMPANY: Time prepares fresh page for the record, are pleased report gratifying volume business the year about close business that reflects your support our efforts serve every Weirton customer well. recently expanding our continuous strip department, for example, not only increased our capacity, but also enabled Weirton offer you the most highly finished hot and cold rolled sheet and strip possible under present day engineering methods. Similar improvements likewise have been made continue Weirton’s position the world’s largest independent tin plate producer. These recent additions include new type annealing, cold rolling and tinning equipment, together with necessary ex- pansions warehousing, handling and shipping facilities—all the end that your satisfaction customer may complete. this accounting increased business and improved operations, are pleased also report that Weirton now has much wider diversification products than generally appreciated. The list covers structural material, plates, merchant bars, tie plates and spikes, pack rolled and cold reduced tin plate, roofing terne plate, tin mill black plate, galvanized, long terne and black sheets, hot and cold rolled strip and sheets—in all which lines produce range sizes and grades cover vast field the consuming trade. Wherever you look, there’s place for Weirton Steel. May permitted, this coming year, suggest additional ways which Weirton Steel can serve you? WEIRTON STEEL COMPANY WEIRTON, WEST VIRGINIA Disrrict Orrices: Boston, 1001 Statler Office Bldg.; Chicago, 228 North LaSalle Street; Cincinnati, 2606 Carew Tower; Cleveland, 1217 Leader Bldg.; Detroit, 11-210 General Motors Bldg.; New York, 500 Fifth Avenue; Philadelphia, 1462 Broad St. Station Bldg.; Pittsburgh, 2800 Grant Bldg.; Rochester, Exchange Street; San Francisco, Sharon Building; Toronto, General Assurance Building, 357 Bay Street NATIONAL STEEL; NATIONAL STEEL CORPORATION 12—THE IRON AGE, December 23, Dor, fra: bo: / | | { Yoloy High Tensile Steel Frames Are Preferred Where Stresses Are Greatest Dump trailers are peculiarly different from ordinary trailers. During the dumping period the entire force the load concentrated the center the trailer frame, with the result that momentary stresses times greater than normal load-carrying stresses are set up. Previous chassis construction was car- bon steel frames plus reinforcement carbon steel bars with sundry flange and web additions producing increased dead weight, higher platform height and occasional frame failures. YOLOY High Tensile Steel frame fabricated The Youngstown Steel Car Corp., Niles, Ohic Not only did Yoloy solve these problems success- fully, without single frame failure reported date, but the original frame dimensions have been retained and costly alterations dies, jigs fixtures were necessary make the change-over. Yoloy writing success story fabrication--a story based increased strength plus weight reduction. your product the same savings probably can made. Youngstown has experienced technicians who would glad investigate those savings for you. THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET AND TUBE COMPANY Manufacturers Carbon and Alloy Steels General Offices YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO High Tensile Steel Yoloy available sheets, strips, plates, bars, shapes, wire, welding wire, seamless pipe and electric weld pipe. 3-4A YOUNGSTOWN TEXACO lubrication engineer results because gets down into the work and assists ways and means working out economies. And once finds has the experience know how clear up. Every day, from every part the United States, Texaco lubrication engi- neers report benefits This service real, practical, it’s available for you. These trained lubrication engineers are always ready for consultation the selection and application Texaco In- dustrial Lubricants. Prompt deliveries assured through 2070 warehouse plants throughout the United States. The Texas Company, 135 East 42nd Street, INDUSTRIAL IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 a | | pest EVER sentative pronounces them the best condition any = “a now for years: | A | O | — m CRIES INDUSTR | (/ \ Today’s severe demands equipment call for utmost wire rope stamina Industry must reduce costs— make profits. More work from ex- isting equipment—and faster. Roebling “Blue Steel Wire Rope has more than met these exceptionally severe requirements. Roebling “Blue Center” combines the highest strength with the maximum resistance against fatigue and wear. For wide variety applications where service conditions are exceptionally severe. has proved conclusively that assures lowest general average operating costs. JOHN A. ROEBLING’S SONS Ce TRENT¢ N.J. Branches in Principal Cities THE IRON AGE, December 23, R or MOTORS ALLTESTS NSULATION “built from the inside that the G-E form-wound coil which this motor user inspecting layer layer—assures reliable motor perform- ance your plant. Every coil that goes into G-E motor—whether random-wound for the smaller sizes form-wound for medium-sized and large motors—is built provide long life your service. Hundreds laboratory tests were made developing the high-bonding-strength varnish, the high-dielectric insulating materials for the slot portion, and the proper methods application and curing assure high-quality insulation assembly. Rigid factory tests assure the proper manufacture all materials. And, finally, continuous inspections make sure that every coil made exactly right. every important step the manufacture G-E motors, similarly exacting tests are made, not only make sure that General Electric quality maintained but also find new ways raise this quality higher. ELECTRIC 020-352 LES \ DSA 3 | / — | 4 fa 3 J ay / j UPPOSE you were into G-E motor factory and select any standard form-wound motor coil from the production line. Then—like the man the opposite page—suppose you were strip back the outer layers tape and varnished-cambric wrappings see what underneath. You would find that even the innermost cotton covering over the conductors completely impregnated with G-E insulating varnish. Every pore the fabric filled, every thread solidly bonded—evidence the from the inside kind insulation that big factor assuring continuous, trouble-free operation G-E motors. Here’s why you can count ionger life from the coils used G-E motors: They not depend final surface coating varnish for electrical and mechanical insulation. Such practice results only partial impregnation the inner coverings—imperfect insulation that permits the absorption moisture and attacks foreign substances that break down the dielectric strength the insulation. The effect such coils motors reduced insulation life, produc tion delays, and unnecessary repair expense. G-E motor factories, proved manufacturing procedures and continual testing products prevent such result. Every form-wound coil varnish-impregnated and baked every step its manufacture. The pictures the right show how typical coil made, assure longer life. this same attention detail, throughout their manufacture, that makes G-E motors able Pass All Tests your service. | ‘ 4 nation, and bake complete the process. YOU GET THESE EXTRA-VALUE FEATURES G-E SKELETON-FRAME INDUCTION MOTORS babbitt- lined sleeve bearings, sealed Below—Strong, cast-iron end against dust and dirt, assure shields protect the end windings, cooling air, and assure rigid sup- port for the bearings Squirrel-cage rotor, with indestructible cast-aluminum windings, has integrally cast fans both ends. There are This cast-iron skeleton joints cause high-resistance spots unusually strong and rigid. The form-wound coils means long motor life and low upkeep costs q 4 4 3 ; Give Warning LOW OIL LEVEL The pressure lubricating system the type Air Compressor interlocked with its unloader that the oil supply drops dan- gerously low level the compressor will begin idle load—thus giving immediate warning that replenishment necessary. This protection against lack lubrication ‘unique feature Compressors. Our Descriptive Catalogue 2051 outlines many other likewise noteworthy advantages. This compressor made sizes ranging vertical and horizontal, for fixed por- table use; bed plate mounting for floor installation; compressor unit only, for Noted for low power cost. WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE CO. Industrial Division PITTSBURGH PENNSYLVANIA 18—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 > re | \ ~ Note Rocking Bearing— positive metal-to-metal seal. “Fast’s couplings are choice every time. That one the bar mill main drive, put years ago, never costa centin upkeep caused THE BIGGEST THING the mind the operating man continuous operation. Fast’s Self-Aligning Couplings installed!” (Data from service report). have for proven themselves valuable eliminating shut downs, and keeping production going. KOPPERS COMPANY BARTLETT HAYWARD DIVISION BALTIMORE, MARYLAND q DESIGNERS BUILDERS PRODUCERS MANUFACTURERS DIS OPERATORS a x | A A = “a 3 Koppers Divisions, Subsidiaries and Affiliates Serving the Metal Industries ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION PITTSBURGH, AMERICAN HAMMERED PISTON RING DIVISION. BALTIMORE, THE KOPPERS COAL COMPANY. PITTSBURGH, PA. NEW ENGLAND COAL COKE COMPANY BOSTON, MASS. NATIONAL LUMBER CREOSCTING COMPANY TEXARKANA, THE WHITE TAR COMPANY NEW JERSEY, INC. Koppers Products Serving the Metal Industries Piants Coal Drying Coal de-dusting and Dust Collecting Hammered Piston Rings Waterproofing and Dampproofing Materials Roofing KOPPERS-BECKER COKE OVENS INTO OPERATION This photograph shows the new battery Koppers-Becker Low Differential Ovens the Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor, Ind., just after the first charge coke had been pushed mid-November. They bring the number Becker Ovens that plant 207 (in addi- tion Koppers Ovens) and the coal- carbonizing capacity more than 2,000,000 tons year. KOPPERS COMPANY Engineering and Construction Division PITTSBURGH DISTRIBUTORS OPERATORS | | | = | C Change the design your product and often becomes necessary change the kind steel you are using. Whenever this problem arises Inland field men can real service your plant. FOR EXAMPLE: Recently large equipment manufacturer, seeking improve his product, adopted heat-treated part. This part required minimum hardness (Rockwell C-43) after quenching and drawing. Samples had been satisfactory, but mass produc- tion brought great deal loss from cracking the quench. steel different analysis was ordered, SHEETS STRIP TIN PLATE BARS RAILS TRACK ACCESSORIES STRUCTURALS PILING but after the quench lacked sufficient hardness. SUGGESTION This manufacturer then followed the suggestion which now being passed you. called his nearest Inland office for some special help the problem. Within few days Inland metallurgists had the proper analysis steel moving swiftly and eco- nomically through his plant. PRACTICAL Inland especially equipped and organized per- form this kind service for steel users. Others are finding highly valuable—so will you. PLATES REINFORCING BARS FLOOR PLATES q : bs » * \ 3, hy é Offices: South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Offices in: Detroit-Kansas — Automotive Equipment Air Brakes Anti Rattlers Auto Bodies Brakes Brake Bands Brake Rods Brake Shoes Carburetors Clatch Curtains Generators Grease Cups Head Lights Hood Hooks Horns Ignitions Mufflers Odometers Oil Cups Shock Absorbers Speedometers Stabilators Starters he Stop Lights Tail Lights Timers Tire Connections Valves Windows Aviation Aeronautical Equipment Antennae Reels Brakes Carburetors Clutch Fuel Pumps Ignitions Oleo Strut Shock Absorbers Parachutes Push Rods Starting Equipment Super Chargers Tail Skids Valves Variable Speed Propellors Equipment developed and process development PLE. 22—THE AGE, December 23, Electrical Appliances Brushes Curling Iron Holders Electric Light Sockets Electric Light Switches Electric Light Switch Washers Heaters Irons Motors Tools Cords Curling Irons Pneumatic Tool Clips Telephones Toasters Vacuum Cleaners Vibrators Washing Machines Furniture Cabinet Fil Chairs Miscellaned Bread Machinery Can Opening Machines Drills Drill Presses Floor Surfacing Machines Knitting Machinery Moving Picture Machines Shoe Machinery Miscellaneous Berths Bicycles Bicycle Bells Bicycle Brakes Bicycle Pants Guards Bracelets Cameras Cars Car Windows Cigarette Cases Clocks Door Checks Elevators Exercisers Fare Registers Fire Extinguishers (Small Parts) Fire Extinguishers Gas Cocks Gas Engines Gas Heater Washers Gas Meters Gong Bells Governors Guns Hair Curlers Regulators Hinges Boxes Instruments Shears Pump Valves Punches Sashes Scales Sewing Machines Shade Rollers Shears Spray Guns Steam Pumps Stethoscopes Surgical Instruments Suspenders Taximeters Ticket Punches Toys Trolleys Trolley Catchers Trusses Truss Attachments Vibrators Window Window Screens Window Screen Lifts Window Shades Wrenches Wrench Washers Appliances Iding Machines ddressing Machines Musical Instruments Automatic Pianos Bellows Cornets Horns Organs Phonographs Pianos Player Pianos Saxophones Traps Calls abinets and Files Cash Registers Protectors Comptometers Dictaphones Drawing Instruments Envelope Sealers Loose Leaf Books Mailing Machines Numbering Machines Stamp Affixers Staplers Time Clocks Time Locks Time Recorders Typewriters Radio Battery Clip Parts Binding Posts Jacks Plugs Springs Spring Washers Stampings Textile Machinery Bobbin Rings Card Repeaters Dobbies Head Motions Looms Lubrication Picker Sticks Reversing Mechanisms Shuttles SPRING APPLICATIONS Barnes-made | | Se | | Loe THE WAL LACE BAR Bristol, Connecticu FRITZ FRANK President J. H. VAN DEVENTER Editor Cc. E. WRIGHT J. A. ROWAN A. 1. FINDLEY Managing Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Editors JURASCHEK Consulting Bditor Washington Editor Resident District Editors Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detrott Editorial Correspondents London, England Cincinnate FRAZAR Boston Hamburg, Germany MBYER CHARLES POST Milwaukee San Francisco Toronto, Ontario Birmingham ALLISON Roy EDMONDS Newark, N. J. St. Louts TURNER Buffalo Owned and Published by CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Office Editorial and Chestnut and 56th Sts., Offices Philadelphia, Pa. 239 West 39th St.. New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ J. FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, WILLIAM A. BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JOHN VAN JULIAN CHASE THOMAS L. KANE CHARLES 8. BAUR G. CARROLL BUZBY P. M. FAHRENDORF BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureaw of Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00, Can- ada, $8.50 Foreign, $12.00 year. Single copy, cents. Cable Address, ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bidg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bidg., Chestnut & 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bldg., Chicago H. E. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St.. New Yerk Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit C. H. Over, 239 W. 39th St., New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh D. C. Warren, P. O. Box 81, Hartford, Conn Contents DECEMBER 23, 1937 Fable the Kind Hearted Sea Captain Welded Passenger Cars World's Largest Industrial Truck Battery Electric Heat Hardening Bolts Lubrication Pinions and Roll Neck Bearings Fast Melting With Gas Immersion Engineering for Production Stainless Steel New Equipment Statistics Metal-Working Activity Rate Activity Capital Goods Automotive Industry Washington News NEWS CONTENTS Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying Just Between Two Products Advertised ndex Advertisers Copyright 1937 by Chilton Company (Inc.) 104 110 109 134 STEELS Meet Definite Specifications—Pass Rigid Inspections Ryerson Certified Steels are the result many years planning, developing new specifications, new methods control and complete readjustment stocks. Definite specifications and rigid inspection systems now assure the qualities most desired each class and type material. Special handling and warehousing methods protect these qualities and make possible immediate shipment every small. Let give you the complete story Ryerson Certified Steels. Write for Booklet JI. JOSEPH RYERSON SON, Inc., Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Boston, Philadelphia, Jersey City. Ryerson Stocks Include: Alloy Steels -Tool Steels Heat Treated Alloy Steel Bars Stainless Steel Hot Rolled and Bands Cold Finished Shafting and Screw Stock Extra Wide Cold Finished Flats Beams and Heavy Structurals Channels, Angles, Tees and Zees Rails, Splices, Spikes, Bolts, etc. Plates-—Sheets Strip Steel, Flat Wire, etc. Boiler Tubes and Fittings Welding Rod—Mechanical Tubing Rivets, Bolts, Nuts, Washers, etc. Reinforcing Bars Babbitt Metal and Solder a g THE IRON December 23, ESTABLISHED Vol. 140, No. nice know that the editorials THE IRON AGE ad. have evi- dence this sort from week week but not often that get response the kind received this week from Tell Berna, general manager the National Machine Too! Builders' Inspired the recent fables the nude eel, the frogs and the hens which have appeared successively this page, Mr. Berna has composed and sent concerning kind hearted captain. follows: NCE upon time there was sea captain who was very nice man, and had lovely voice. had unusual ideas about navigation, too. His first officer liked steer west. liked sunsets. But some his other officers liked steer east. They liked sunrises. when the first officer was the bridge they went one way and the rest the time they went another. Naturally, they get anywhere. The line that owned the steamer piled large deficit. Occasionally the owners the steamer would grow impatient, but the captain would talk them radio phone, and they alw ays accepted his explanations because had such lovely voice. But one day there was storm, and the crew persisted its usual custom obeying the inspiration the moment, things went from bad worse, and the steamer sank. Some the crew managed launch life-boat, others jumped into the sea. Very soon the life-boat had picked many the crew that was crowded capacity, and other sailors were the water, clinging the life rope the gunwales the boat. Then the captain said, third our crew still the water. must pull these men aboard too.” And one the seamen replied, “Captain, they drown, and pull them aboard sink.” said the captain, are water their ears—and while true that they have hold the life rope, they are just much they pulled the men aboard, and the life-boat sank deep water and all were drowned. The moral this tale that this tough world, and gets especially tough when emotion takes the place common sense. Mr. Berna ought know, because has seen emotion knock the props from under the American machine tool business during the past few months. + 3 4 = 25 Welded Passenger Cars High- BELIEVING that the weight equipment, Pull- man-Standard Car Mfg. Chicago, combining welding high-tensile low-alloy steels, and aluminum system that includes several unusual de- velopments, and results senger equipment which nearly per cent lighter than conven- tional cars, and freight cars which are about per cent lighter. New facilities are vided Michigan City, Ind., where Pullman-Standard plans welded low-alloy steel freight cars straight-line production basis early 1938, but complete details are not yet available. article covering this phase Pullman- Standard’s activities will appear THE IRON AGE early next year. Production welded low-alloy passenger cars well under- way, however, the company’s with this work that are imme- diately concerned. Pullman-Standard has equipment available for welding all types alloys. The company chooses the material used, however, with regard the particular strength requirements the job hand, and with the thought mind obtaining the greatest economy. The lightest are struction, which, especially high speed passenger trains running over mountainous grades, has been used very successfully, according mended where the saving op- erating costs will more than offset 26—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 the additional purchase price the cars. Next lightest weight are weld- steels which weigh only per cent more than those aluminum, and may built somewhat lower price. Stainless steel cars, fabricated the spot-welded process, weigh the same those made high- tensile low-alloy steel, but cost considerably more than either the low-alloy car the aluminum cars, according Pullman-Stand- ard. The chiefly the economics the question, believes that the long run “the majority steel cars will built moderate priced alloys weight desired, aluminum will used,” and already, therefore, confining its efforts aluminum | ensile Steel and Aluminum and high-tensile low-chrome alloy steel the design and construc- tion its lightweight cars. Further explanation this pref- erence, stated the company, reveals that aluminum and low- alloy cars, although not claimed stronger than the conventional passenger car, are equal strength withstanding buffing shocks and that they comply fully with Rail- way Mail Service Specifications, LEFT NTERIOR car with frames and sides welded. RIGHT "VACUUM CLEANER" lows the weld this center-sill and picks the unused weld- ing powder flux. the basis upon which all passenger- carrying cars High-tensile stainless steel and aluminum structures, however, when designed stress calcula- tions and when subject buffing and other live loads, present too much flexibility, states Pullman- Standard. Because the resiliency these two materials greater de- flections are exhibited the high- tensile state than the case with ROBERT BINGHAM Western Editor, The lron 1 ge, Chicago low-chrome alloys for the same cross-sections when subjected identical loads. Consequently, the company has found necessary order maintain the proper strength and rigidity car struc- ture, increase the cross-section the load-carrying members made aluminum high-tensile stain- less steel keep the amount deflection within satisfactory limits. aluminum this addition may satisfactorily made, and the resulting weight still con- siderably under that correspond ing members built any the alloy steels. stainless, however, the weight increased, since cubic foot steel weighs the whether high-tensile stainless low-alloy, and the cost rises well. Even though stainless steel has higher tensile strength the cold rolled state than low-alloy steel, this company maintains that its rela tively lower modulus elasticity makes impossible take advan- tage this added strength. The strength low-alloys being ade- quate therefore for requirements, and the cost less, they are being ‘hosen over the other materials. Pullman-Standard, pleased with the success its welding experiments, has thus far built total 283 passenger car struc tures. The chief advantages all- welded cars, Pullman-Standard has found, are their light weight, low has under construction maintenance cost, smooth outer body surface, and Foremost among the interesting new production aids this equipment builder has designed are the un- usually large jigs upon which side and roof sheets are assembled and THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937—27 ° ° 2 4 ABOVE welder for spot welding both vertical and hori- zontal directions. RIGHT Shoe sheets spot welded to welded frame. welded, form Cast iron bed plates ft. in. ished, complete side high and ft. in. long are each one piece. mounted the steel structure, two jig being required for the height for spot welding the sides the below the shop floor. The frame- work structural shapes and welded. Two rows made H-beams, spaced ft. apart and having diagonal them, act base for the jig. These beams, row, ft. in. high, are spaced ft. in. center center, making the over- all length ft. in. center center. 28—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 which ft. in. Four rows tee slots are placed the face the bed plates, with longitudinal spacing in. The description manent part the jig. the face plates applied the portions the jig that change with respect plan arrangement. These parts consist section castings which are mounted in. thick copper bars. The total depth the assembly in. Post pieces are continuous whereas the longitudinal members the side are backed pieces that fit between the posts. The tion castings are bolted the per- manent portion the jig “U” clamps. The bolt heads engage the slots the bed castings. The clamping the framework posts, side plate, window headers, belt rail, and side sills done tem- porarily sliding “C” clamps. After the framework welded, the jig clamps are used and the sliding clamps are removed. The clamps that hold the framing the jig while the side spot welded are attached permanently buckles are used. One hook bolt used each post location. sim- ilar arrangement used for clamp- ing the side sill. clamps are used for the window header and belt rail. The post clamps consist short slotted bar welded the post backing piece. Engaging this one side hook-shaped through hole the flange the window opening, the other end be- ing secured driving wedge be- tween and one end the slotted bar. the other side placed similar hook-shaped bar, one end which passes over the inside flange the post, the other end engaging the slotted bar and se- cured wedge. After the jig frame clamps are position, the side sheets are ap- plied. They are held temporarily sliding “C” clamps. Self-tap- ping screws are then used for hold- ing the sheets the framing while the side spot welded. The spot welding the side and are welding the frame, which consists pressed posts the same low-alloy steel composes the side sheets, accomplished hr. This spot welding process calls for electric spot welder, de- signed especially for this which welds vertical horizontal rows spots, automatically makes use ratchet drive device which spaces from in. spaced, and “series” principle. permits adjustment spacing between the two electrodes which RIGHT ANDS, adjusted hold the roof sheets place for jig weld- ing. are mounted slide. The opera- tor merely makes the proper ad- justments spacing, then starts the machine and stands watch the welding operation until the end row reached, when stopped and another row be- gins. The 14-gage sheets are at- tached the frame approxi- mately 6000 spot welds. When welding vertically, chain drive pulls the welding unit and down the side the jig, while horizontal movement along track, the entire carriage being moved. drive eliminates slippage, and power the trans- former delivered means two trolley wires contact with double trolley shoes each wire. electronic relay accurately controls welding current, and also controls magnetic contactor. This timer energizes the magnetic contactor and welding electrodes precisely the same point every time the voltage wave, un- usual feature which saves wear the electrodes. dial switch the welding time. cabinet The welding spots are after the car sides painted, that feature this construction the smooth outer surface obtained. The completed side removed from the jig and transported slings from overhead crane assembly section the plant where underframe, sides and roof together, non-welding riveted major operation the car. 4 4 The jig upon which the roof sheets are welded the frame arched the same shape the completed roof, and set con- crete, the top concrete being the same plane with the surround- ing floor. composed indi- vidual units, one being required for each carline. The base portion made structural members which mounted gray iron cast- ing having arched profile. this portion the casting fastened in. copper bar which exactly the same contour the inside the carline. Car- lines are held the jig clamps. There are nine double clamps weld- the gray iron casting. set screw the top the clamp al- lows for adjustment the tension. Two wooden units are placed be- tween each the jig units and are notched out for roof stiffeners. The wooden units act support- ing means for the roof sheets be- tween the carlines, and also serve backing for the clamping The roof sheets are held posi tion means bands. One band top the roof from side plate side plate placed each side roof sheet eccentric clamps which are secured each side the base portion the jig unit. addition these, similar clamp- ing arrangement used the ipport units. This anchored rods that engage the slot each side the jig. The length jig set de- termined the length the car but spot welding accommodation ‘ ae | { — 4 . & ~ | . for travel approximately ft. The width the jig ft. The spot welder used the roof operations most interesting and novel. The principle again used, two 12-in. diameter, roller electrodes conducting the current into the work. These rollers, under pressure, spot weld the seam they roll along the with the steel. The welds are spaced de- sired distances interrupting the welding current pre-determined roof sheets 30—THE IRON AGE, December 23, | intervals. Welding pressure the rollers supplied two inde- pendently controlled air cylinders. The welding unit itself mounted two heavy I-beams formed the shape the car roof, and travels along these beams means motor and pinion engaging rack. electronic relay, similar that used welding the side sheets, again employed here for timing the welding current. under- stood that this type control - the roof jig. most accurate, the length time that the current off determining the space between welds, the rollers maintain constant rate speed. The electrodes the “series” system welding used stance, are both the same side the work, the welding current being transferred from one elec- trode through the work the cop- per face the jig and back again the other electrode. Time re- ERTICAL jig for welding entire side frame. 4 4 — quired spot weld the roof sheets hr., making the total assem- bly time for the two sides and roof, 13% hr. Aside from the upper portion the car, the underframe requires another unusual welding machine which seam welds the center sill the underframe, composed two A.A.R. Z-bar sections. This weld- ing device travels along the seam, straddling it, two small guide wheels. overhead reel provides constant feed welding wire which melted the current reaching the seam. flux distributed ahead the electrode wire after which the vacuum cleaner attachment for further use. One the new type Pullman which being assembled the processes just described the car, which has com- pletely enclosed private rooms, each containing one bed, which folds into the wall during the day, leav- ing comfortable seat, individual and complete toilet facilities, in- dividual air conditioning, and wardrobe closet. Some these cars are expected placed service early next year the Santa Fe, New York Central, Pennsylvania, Union Pacific-North- western, and Southern Pacific. are being con- 92° present about structed. Said World’s Largest Industrial Truck Battery storage battery illustrated herewith claimed the Electric Storage Battery the largest ever built for electric industrial truck use. The complete 16-cell battery, assembled steel tray, occupies space in. in., and weighs tons. Rated 1080 ampere hours discharge, the capacity kw.-hr. The Auto- matic Transportation type THTF truck, shown, the first commercial industrial truck equipped with this super-type bat- tery. double-shift service, the steel tray assembly permits quick exchanges and continuous, depend- able service through the use duplicate batteries, the steel tray readily lifted from the truck one battery discharged and freshly charged battery installed its place. This type battery has been designed and built not only for the big trucks today, but for the big- ger trucks tomorrow. There seems little reason doubt the idea that materials-handling trucks will bigger the future, and will require more power operate them. The production super- capacity type battery, therefore, strictly line with the needs the times. RIGHT truck battery; ca- pacity in. high. te 2 | » eee BELOW 2—Automatic type THTF truck; first use world’s largest truck battery. rex THE IRON AGE, December 23, a F j pet | re > | ! = ~ i — i \ IEW of the discharge end of The veyor THE cations numerous appli- the bolt this modern ma- lowly chine age are com- mon and varied that are likely minimize the importance the itself. However, study the important functions filled this apparently insignificant little fastening device shows that much experimental labor and study has been spent producing mercial necessity which will not but maximum only also endowed with physical strength, combined with irreproachable finished appear- ance. The which old fashioned carriage bolt, its time quite indis- pensable, would practically use- less vibrational mechanical application. The highly developed bolt today Is not today’s high speed and high only exemplary its fine machining, but sold with the guar- antee physical characteristics strength and durability that the up-to-date bolt purchaser demands and receives. Development steels and steel alloys has done much toward pro- viding bolts and unlimited life and endurance. However, the methods employed heat treating bolts produce perfect finished product have been lead toward perfection great steps during the last few Perhaps the greatest step 32—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 the furnace tank located the quench below the floor level which the bolts are dropped directly from the traveling con- showing material then automatically conveyed from the quench tank the flight conveyor shown in the foreground forward has been the trend toward heat for bolt treating. bolt hardening equip- ment the most modern type the production numerous sizes and kinds bolts Typical key factor the plant the Cleveland Cap Screw Co. Cleveland. furnace cently installed this company’s plant the chain belt type, for the hardening bolts temperature 1600 deg. The furnace chamber consists fab- continuous, conveyor designed ricated steel shell lined with insu- lating material and refractories form tunnel, through which the Upon the hearth floor this chamber continuous conveyor passes. nickel-chro- alloy bars, which elevate the flight the conveyor the chain refractory endless above hearth. The proper, formed the upper flight the chain belt, supported the upper hearth type alloy plates mounted flight the conveyor. on beams under Suspended from the roof the heating chamber and level just under the upper flight the conveyor belt, are placed heating elements, which consist heavy nickel-chromium alloy grids, cast ROSS Engineer, The Electric Furnace Co. mum radiation area the inte- rior the furnace chamber. These grids form two furnace sections zones, each which arranged take energy from three phase Each auto- matically controlled means which, through the medium relays, operate heavy quick-break switches operating un- der oil according the impulse thermocouples terminating within the chamber. The power supply for the secondary the transformers carried directly the furnace heating elements through these quickbreak switches. transformers. zone pyrometers, furnace The belt conveyor forms end- less chain, the discharge end carried within the fur- chamber and the charging end extended short distance out the furnace chamber order which nace facilitate the loading work. Thus seen that the whole length the conveyor, with the exception the short distance the loading end the equipment, all times under heat within This done order conserve the heat ab- sorbed the conveyor itself, which would otherwise lost the at- mosphere the return flight the chain belt were run outside and under the furnace chamber. the furnace chamber. Directly under the discharge-end drum the conveyor within the furnace chamber there placed . ° ° 4 | a at al 3 chute extending vertically down- ward into the loading end me- chanical quench tank. work from the charging end the furnace through the equipment furnace chamber the continuously moving chain belt, and allowed drop from the chain belt directly into the quenching endless belt running within the quenching medium receives the pieces directly from the furnace, carries them short distance un- der the level the quenching and then carries them upward point which the pieces are easily unloaded into boxes they fall from the conveying belt. The design this equipment such that one man, continuously loading bolts the charging end the furnace, can easily supply what supervision necessary for the entire hardening and quench- ing process. The appearance the furnace equipment and the quench tank are well illustrated the accom- panying photograph. Some idea the size the equipment may gleaned from the overall dimen- charging end 150 kw., con- trolled atmosphere, continuous chain belt conveyor furnace for scale-free hardening 1000 cap screws, bolts, etc. per hr. The feed chute loaded - the position shown and elevated that the feed onto the traveling hearth and veyed through the fur- nace. generator for produc- ing the special protec- tive atmosphere may be seen in the back- —— a ground are mounted the switches, recording and controlling equipment. the panel board. Heat Hardening Bolts sions, which for the furnace are: tank with its mechanism shown high overall. with its loading and extending un- der the discharge end the fur- nace, The quench tank itself ft. in. long ft. in. wide. Perhaps the most interesting phase the operation equipment the means which the various bolts are kept from ox- well known fact that steel the higher tally affected atmospheric oxy- gen the air that iron oxide scale, similar chemical composi- temperatures tion rust, formed upon the this, the made gas-tight overcome furnace chamber possible and then purged air means continuously stream flowing inert gas. This gas, “special atmosphere,” composed the products combustion formed the burning ordinary natural gas its synthetic equal, manufactured gas. The prior com- ° ° ing atmospheric oxygen with carbon and hydrogen elements the raw gas removes the free oxygen which might otherwise at- tack the work rises its high within the furnace temperature chambe! the bolts are within this special atmosphere til the moment when they drop belt the medium, the from the conveyor quenching work brought from the quench clean, condition and sim ilar appearance the unhard- ened stock being charged into the The connected load this equip- ment, insofar the heating ca- pacity concerned, approxi- mately 150 kw. hr. per hr. The production the furnace, which approximately 1000 gross per hr., varies according the size and weight the bolts run, the ability the bolt material ab- sorb heat and the density load ing upon the conveyor belt. The equipment described, was designed and manufactured the Electric Furnace Co. Salem, Ohio. i ™, > we 4 — q Part JOHN PELLY Lubrication Engineer, Bethlehem Steel Co. previous issue the author presented some information the lubrication gears and pinions. mainder the article, devoted mainly roll neck bearings, con- tains much data composition, fabric bearings which have now ‘become definite- established steel mill prac- tice. Originally introduced for high speed, light load conditions, rod mills, where babbitt bearings have always caused trouble, fa- bric bearings been adopted for heavy loads and moderate speeds, blooming mills, plate mills, and large struc- tural mills. They are also giv- ing good results bar and billet mills and small structural mills. When their true value fully understood and operating men have become familiar with the few simple dental their successful use, they will probably displace all plain bearings wherever clean, cool water available for lubri- cation. Bakelite composition bearings are manufactured impreg- nating layers woven fabric with resin, and subjecting the mass heat and pressure hydraulic press. The most im- portant reason for using this type bearings the saving 34—THE IRON AGE, December 23, 1937 power cost over plain bearings. This saving will illustrated examples the following. Each type mill, however, has its own arguments for against these bearings. The strongest objection offered mill men the necessity truing the necks and lining the housings. this can answered that both these refinements should insisted upon, even with plain mate economy. Fabric Bearings Rod Mill Keeping grease the neck high speed rod mills has always been difficult, dangerous, and therefore, frequently neglected operation. The discovery that wood bearings running water TABLE 1—POWER REQUIREMENT ROD MILL FOR DIFFERENT TYPES BEARINGS Power Year Kw. hr./ton Bearing 1926 117.4 Babbitt and brass 1927 121.7 First lignum vitae 1928 114.8 1929 110.7 Increasing number 92.0 lignum vitae 1931 86.5 First fabric 85.8 1933 84.8 1934 83.4 Increasing fabric 1936 TABLE 2—POWER REQUIREMENT— SKELP MILL, FOR DIFFERENT TYPES BEARINGS Kw. hr. Year Per Ton Bearing Material 1928 61.0 Brass and babbitt 1929 51.9 Brass and babbitt 1930 55.5 First lignum vitae 1931 46.8 Lignum vitae fabric 1932 39.9 if 1933 40.6 1934 41.2 Fabric stands 1935 41.4 1936 41.0 will stand this service was therefore great relief. Lignum vitae bearings were gradually installed Bethlehem rod mill during the 1927-1930. During 1930, fabric bearings were also tried, but they were not used any great extent until 1936. interesting com- parison the power readings for 17-stand rod mill given table per cent reduction power was obtained through the the stands. Fabric bearings were tried stands and but without success, due the slow speed (34 ft. per min. for stand 0). set fabric bearings was re- moved from stand (speed neck 117 ft. per min.) after rolling 125,000 tons. Brass and babbitt bearings this stand had life only 11,000 tons, three weeks. average life 3200 tons was found for brass and babbitt bearings No. and finish- ing stands. Fabric bearings have been used these stands for nearly two years, rolling 200,000 tons, and are still service. The collars have course been re- placed several times. The rollers claim that they can hold the mill better fabric bearings, make better rod, closer gage, and have appreciable saving guides, spindles, couplings, and grease. With fewer adjustments and changes bearings, creased production obtained. Maximum neck speed this mill 2150 ft. per min. report fabric bearings for another rod mill gave 246,125 tons for No. stand after four