The Iron Age 1937-12-16: Vol 140 Iss 25

De CHEER and bright outlook for the NEW YEAR ECTICUT AG-ENG Because racing fans cry out for more speed builders championship racing cars come Republic for lighter, stronger, safer steels for the vital parts cars and motors. The past performance Republic steels has earned the confidence racing car builders and drivers—men who dare not take chances. highly competitive market, neither can manufacturers stock passenger cars take Republic Steel GENERAL OFFICES CLEVELAND, OHIO ALLOY STEEL DIVISION MASSILLON. OHIO 2—THE IRON AGE, December 1937 chances. Many them come Republic for alloy and carbon steels. They know that they will receive the same uniform high quality neces- sary all cars, whether racing passenger. They know that Republic, the pioneer the development alloy and special steels, will have difficulty meeting their requirements. Whatever your needs steel, you, too, can depend upon Republic. you have what you think “tough problem,” put Republic’s metallurgists. Remember: there will REPUBLIC STEE obligation your part. THE IRON AGE, published Thursday the CHILTON (INC. Entered as . second class matter November 8, 1932, 239 39th St., New York, Act March 1879. $6.00 year and Executive Offices, Publication Office, Chestnut 56th Sts., Canada $8.50. Philadelphia, Pa. Editorial the Post Office Philadelphia under Foreign $12.00. Vol. 140, No. 25. | 4 i ; Py — wi 3 | » an i — ras skilled craftsman ever selected his materials and fitted together his parts with more care than Ludlum the preparation its alloy steels. Like fine violin, these steels combine high quality and exact suitability the requirements the user. make sure that what customer specifies actually the best for his purpose, Lud- lum welcomes the opportunity con- sult with him any problem. Whether the problem involves study manu- facturing processes, laboratory experi- ments, extensive testing materials, the manufacturer assured honest recommendations Ludlum engineers —without charge obligation. The advantages Ludlum’s far- reaching service are open you. Just One many contributions increased efficiency get touch with the Research Depart- ment, Ludlum Steel Co., 1216 Street, Watervliet, the automotive industry finer steel for rivet seta. manufacturer decided improve the performance his sets then use. They were good for about 500 rivets best and, alloy steel rivets, broke the rate sets per day. Ludlum supplied the improvement with water hardening shock resisting steel. The new tools ran off 4500 rivets with- out hitch, and one set was used hand operated air gun for days with complete satisfaction. FINE STEELS SINCE 1854 TOOL STAINLESS CARBON ALLOY q bes ™ 7 — 7 j if jf Ae % 4 a is q Cincinnati Shapers are known throughout the world for their accurate performance. Cincinnati shears are machine tools for shearing metal. All-steel construction, accurate, fast, with new gauging methods... their very appearance expresses efficiency. 4 | | é 3 F Highflex Belting Saves You Because Keeps Wheels Service, adjustments, replacements kept rock bottom this low stretch, long wearing, endless belt. production executives want the belt that saves time and money delivering continuous production. That belt Highflex—proven wher- ever belt records are kept. Highflex was the first square edge duck belt, and has always been made with many exclusive features—the re- sults continuous Goodrich research. Highflex assures improved resistance ageing because made with Good- rich “Age-rite,” compound that re- sists oxidation and increases the life your belt. New Goodrich manu- facturing devices prevent weak spots keeping uniform stretch and pres- sure during cure. Highflex Belt runs straight, grips pulley evenly—preventing unnecessary wear. New surface treatment—no soapstone provides firmer grip pulley, prevents loss power common ordinary belts. Long flexing life: testing machines Highflex stands three times many flexures five years ago. Can Made Endless Drive money-saving values, Highflex offers you another advantage. This the patented Plylock Splice, which Highflex Belts are made endless the drive your Distributor’s shop, few hours. The Plylock Splice lasts Time Turning longer because never opens the seams. Thousands companies are setting new records low belt cost with Plylock. And, course, High- flex can used with fasteners, too. Send for data and prices Highflex with Plylock Splice for your drives. Specify Highflex and you save money, save time and trouble, increase plant The Goodrich Company, Mechanical Rubber Goods Division, Akron, Ohio. THE IRON AGE, December | ; 7 ? hy a 4 ‘ | SANTA new stainless steel Super Chief nor- mally sold out least four weeks advance. Its bril- liant styling and silvery surface tell all the world “Here goes modern transportation. Comfortable, luxurious and fast!”’ Stainless steel attracts so many extra passengers that the Burlington now has eight stainless the Rock Island ordered six one time. GENERAL ELECTRIC REFRIGERATORS monitor-top and new sub-freezing units covered with brilliant stainless steel. engineers approve because stainless steel is chip- proof, crack-proof, tarnish-proof virtually abuse-proof. GE sales executives approve because it gives them a new selling advantage. EASTMAN KODAK not only trim their smartly styled new Bantam miniature camera with stainless they make sure mention this stain- less trimming in their advertising. TOAST MASTER COFFEE MAKERS ing stainless steel sell like hot cakes drug stores, restaurants and roadside stands. Their modern and inviting sparkle helps sell more food and more cups of coffee. 4 smartly stainless this stain- (Lefe) GROGAN’s Prominent Pittsburgh jewelry house sells many watches modern stainless steel cases because stainless steel can never tarnish corrode, and can be accurately machined to provide a water-tight closing. (Right) NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY STEEL HERE other way explain success after success product after product made with stain- less steel. Stainless steel has strong emotional appeal. From babyhood days, human nature grasp tively for that which has clean and brilliant sparkle. Stainless steel also has strong appeal. Today, every one knows that stainless steel one the strongest metals known science; that the only metal which can maintain silvery surface with corrosion and tarnishing. Every one knows that there known limit the useful life stainless steel that will last longer give them better and cost less per year service. There sounder aid selling any product than that given stainless attractive appearance supported known technical excellence. Give your product the benefit stainless steel. you have any questions, our stainless steel specialists will glad study your problem and submit specific, practical recommendations. stainless steel wire cake slicers boost their cake sales, and provide a smart merchandising touch in keeping : with their glistening, transparent wrap STAINLESS STEEL AMERICAN STEEL WIRE COMPANY, Cleveland, Chicago and New York CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION, Pittsburgh and Chicago Columbia Steel Company, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Distributors * NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, Pittsburgh TATES STEE United States Steel Products Company, New York, Export Distributors “J = “Srnec CLEVELAND LAKE SUPERIOR IRON ORES ALL GRADES CLIFFS SHAFT LUMP ORE FOR OPEN HEARTH FURNACES COAL FOR ALL REQUIREMENTS 8—THE IRON AGE, December 16, _ r u = Greetings YOU OUR GOOD FRIENDS AND CUSTOMERS Thanks you, this year our plant has been Busy. Busi- ness still coming in, and Bullard Machines our plant are busy producing more Bullards. isa pleasing condition, and sincerely believe that Bullard your plants are busy producing Profits. off times, Bullards are the last machines closed down and the first operate the new rise business. This because these units are Profit-makers, and Dollars Saved are not only Profits this year, but are also funds for continued Equipment replacement next year. those who not know our products, may invite your acquaintance, with the assurance that Bullard Equip- ment Profitable for many, can also Profit Job for you THE IRON AGE, December COMPACT MODERN. This brake press illustrates the smooth, simple lines obtainable rolled steel construction. Elimination of all non- essentials secures strength without bulk —reduces weight-—conserves floor space —-minimizes shipping costs. (2) all-welded one-piece trolley USS for the world’s largest (200 ton) welded crane gives this important unit maximum safety with all excess weight eliminated. This crane and trol- ley rolled steel will handle the same loads, faster, with smaller motors, and have an added factor of safety in that rolled steel has a con- sistency that is known, uniform and re- liable. Decreased weight makes it possi- ble reduce weight and footings--an important item in building. (3) STANDARD SHAPES SAVE MONEY HERE, I/n this gear reduction case plates, pipe, tubing, pipe fittings and floor plate are effectively combined at low cost by welding, to pro- duce a complicated single structure. STEELS PRODUCED DIRECT FROM pensive patterns, only infrequently used, are dispensed with in building this massive stator frame for vertical water wheel generator. Every unit shown here is of rolled steel construction, illustrating how extensively this modern fabrication method is used by electric manufacturers to reduce costs and expedite production. f 4 wy 4 JOBS Another advantage made possible Rolled Steel Design rolled steel design very simple. merely the modern method lightening heavy metal structures machine frames, beds, bases, supports, housings, wheels, drums, cases, etc. building them from individual parts, flame-cut from steel shapes and then welded into one strong homogeneous unit. many Cases, rolled steel design will eliminate the need for castings. other cases, rolled steel combined with castings strategic locations will the best solution. important advantages rolled steel design are listed below. Most important all these Sper tal obs. opens the door the entire range modern special analysis steels. provides you with special properties where you need them overcome many destructive forces. For example: the fact that rolled steel design carry tremendous bearing pressures safely, there are several special analyses USS Carilloy Alloy Steels. provide high impact strength low temperatures, there USS Steel for Low Temperature Service. reduce abrasive wear and cut down replacements, there USS Abrasion- Resisting Steel. other metals, there USS Heat-Resisting Steel (25-12). carry high unit stresses and reduce weight minimum, there are USS High Tensile Steels. resist corrosive environments, there are USS Stainless Steels special analyses which can welded with loss corrosion-resistance. For virtually every special need, there are special rolled steels with special prop- erties make your equipment longer-last- ing, safer and lighter. Write freely about any problem which feel rolled steel design these special steels might help you solve. metallurgists have had wide many helds. They will gladly work side side with your engineers submit sound technical recommendations solve these problems your advantage. CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION, Pittsburgh and Chicago TENNESSEE 2 Rolled steel's physical properties out the metal resistant to deformation. pattern draw and metal flow. weight, all metal not actually needed carry stresses or provide rigidity. more. tion, employs ] Rolled steel is highly uniform: it reduces the dander of blow holes, segregation, bad grain structure and internal stresses. readily determined; once determined, they are constant and uniform through- 13 Rolled steel is free from brittleness, possesses wide fatigue limits, is highly Rolled steel design eliminates the costly pattern problem, the shrinkage problem, and the necessity of adapting designs for 5 Rolled steel design trims off all excess often reduces dead weight half and 6 Rolled steel design looks modern and is > modern, eliminates useless ornamenta- lines and plane COLUMBIA STEEL COMPANY, San Francisco COAL, IRON RAILROAD Birmingham United States Steel Products Company. New York, Axport Distributors TEN IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES ROLLED STEEL DESIGN surfaces. It increases eye appeal aad saleability yf Rolled steel permits machine design to be mobile and liquid; makes possible the quick incorporation of style changes, model changes and new improvements, without costly pattern write-offs 8. Kolled Steel is available in many simple shapes slabs, billets, plates, bars, pipe, tubing, forgings, structural sections, ete, which simplify the cost and difficulties of fabrication 9 In general, rolled steel design ( econemi- . cally combined with castings at strategic points) is the cheapest, strongest, satest, most evye-appealing method of machins construction. 10. IN ADDITION, and this is perhaps its most important advantage, it enables you to pick special steels for special purposes make use modern metal- lurgy's wide range of special-anslysis steels. 7 | 4 q + 4 — q q — ENGINEERING and FOUNDRY COMPANY PITTSBURGH PENNSYLVANIA panies: DAVY and UNITED ENGINEERING CO.,, LTD. London, England; DOMINION ENGINEERING WORKS, LTD., Montreal, THE IRON AGE, December 7 " = | - > HIGHER PHYSICAL and increased resistance corrosion sections without sacrifice safety service life. more samples, comprising about materials, were subjected 145 different laboratory tests. specimens were exposed four locations different sections the country, deter- mine their relative merits under varying weather conditions, and rural, industrial, showed that resistance corrosion Cor under ordinary conditions, was much superior any other steels tested, with the exception the more Representative samples Cor- and other steels exposed industrial atmos phere for more than three years showed life four six times that plain steel times that other steels widely used. For these CONTROLLED STEEL PRODUCING quantity—ship ment after shipment, luck. expert steel-making apply our Control led Steels—plain carbon steels for forging, forming, heat treatment, and machinery Marked “Confidential” our files are Steel Corporation. records cover all phases appli cation—show where these steels have duced machining costs one plant—made forging quicker and cheaper eliminated entire phase the heat treating cycle third. some cases ings have run into hundreds thousands dollars annually. You, too, may have similar opportunities may using more expensive steels than necessary steels which slightly changed specifications would serve your Our metallurgists will gladly come into your own machines show how savings can made. objectives ABRASION RESISTING STEEL SOME NEW METALS can help you crease the life your equipment. new metals can help you reduce its cost But it’s rare new allov which can the same time. why Abrasion Resisting Steel, popular. Because, many new applica tions, not only longer but also costs less than the replaces Being low manganese (1.5 costs more than plain carbon steel actual case studies show that its proper field application, Abrasion Resisting Steel often lasts longer than higher-cost Wherever earth, sand, gravel, coal, waste, etc. flow over, through against equipment that the place consider the use Abrasion Resisting Steel. Look the steel you are using and see giving the service should ~~ ur U-S-S COR-TEN le ha sn si lic for ca fit | co du q SISTING elp you nent. Other its cost hich can ation, applica also costs 2.0%) irbon steel that Abrasion longer than coal, waste, consider sisting Steel. sing and see ¢ CARILLOY ALLOY STEELS FOR PARTS equipment and structures—we offer Carilloy Alloy Steel, manufactured Steel Corporation. You state your specifications we'll supply grade with the precise properties the job demands. Matching the steel the job the one concern the skilled metallurgists and technicians who man the special alloy plants Steel Corpora- tion. alloy steels physical properties depend accurate composition and skillful heat treatment. Only delicate control manu- facture can produce consistently uniform properties. Carilloy Alloy Steels have this precision. You can standardize them with every assurance that will secure the precise composition, the inherent char- acteristics, the response heat treatment you specify after shipment. these ROLLED STEEL FOR WELDED CONSTRUCTION ROLLED STEEL DESIGN for welded con struction merely the modern method lightening heavy metal frames, beds, bases, supports, housings, wheels, drums, cases, etc.—by building them from individual parts, flame cut from simple rolled steel shapes and then welded into one strong homogeneous unit many cases, rolled steel design will eliminate the need for castings. other cases, rolled steel combined with castings strategic locations will desirable. One the chief advantages the fact that you can pick the steel fit your job. are special steels wide range meet every condition including any those described advertisement Write fully about any problem which you feel rolled steel design—or these special steels—might help you solve. Our metal mit sound technical recommendations. HIGH TENSILE STEELS EXCESS costs you money every time move it. adds costly load your plant, increases wear parts slows operations limits capacity perpetual drag earnings You can achieve structural lightness, safely, low cost and with least change shop methods building with and Man-Ten. These pioneer, low-alloy, low-cost high tensile steels are not only tougher and stronger, they are also more resistant shock, stress, fatigue, abrasion and wear. They fabricate readily Whatever your equipment, built standard structural steel, why not find out how much dead weight you can get rid of. Our engineers will glad assist you every phase your work What these steels have effected savings and improvements matter record which will glad place before you. i > RC — still time— place your selling message before buyers the metal working industry, through The Iron Age Annual Review Number. But you must act promptly. Here are the technical sections which advertis- ing will placed along with editorial articles dealing with these subjects: METALS MACHINE TOOLS SMALL TOOLS AND GAGES FORMING AND FORGING PRESSES AND SHEET METAL MACHINERY POWER TRANSMISSION MATERIALS HANDLING STEEL MILL EQUIPMENT HEAT TREATING FURNACES REFRACTORIES WELDING AND FABRICATING PARTS METAL CLEANING AND FINISHING PLANT EQUIPMENT FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES TESTING AND INSPECTION Pick the section which you wish your announce- ment appear and wire phone your space res- ervation. Copy and cuts should follow immedi- ately. Forms close Dec. 18. — q | 4 3 4 J Ag 4 4 5 4 i 3 a q = 2 AW, (2 al to . ur le ha 4 of lie g bi for (3 ca fit co du q | 4 4 7 IRON AGE, December 1937 b ; ce d | : \ A / the Steel Mills Ford Motor Company NORTON WHEELS for Roll Grinding 4 | Efficiency—the Ford keynote. The Ford steel mills are exception. Norton Roll Grinding Wheels play important part maintaining rolls the quality demanded Ford standards. the variety Norton abrasives and bonds, grains, grades and structures that make possible meet the individual requirements each roll grinding job. NORTON COMPANY, WORCESTER, MASS. THE IRON AGE, December _ | i q — | W 624 — SPRINGS ARE IMPORTANT FACTOR LIFE WITH FULL REALIZATION THIS FACT, COMBINES THE SKILL CRAFTSMANSHIP WITH. THE BEST ENGINEERING PRACTICE FOR ONE PERFORMANCE” BARNES GIBSON RAYMOND DETROIT, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN DIVISION OF ASSOCIATED SPRING CORPORATION 20—THE IRON AGE, December 16, 1937 ag | | q | | ZATION BEST ANCE” 300 per cent the resistance rust only slightly greater cost You can install Beth-Cu-Loy Pipe with complete confidence its resistance atmospheric corro- sion. made copper-bearing alloyed with the small but exactly correct amount copper for maximum resistance rust. Various tests, including mospheric-corrosion tests, have definitely established that cop- per-bearing steel this analysis the outstanding material among commercial irons and steels for defying atmospheric corrosion. Beth-Cu-Loy costs very little more than ordinary pipe ally less than most grades. Yet rust-resistant high degree. Use where you want maximum service life. THE IRON AGE, December 1937—2! | ‘ > | F gr 4 VERYONE appreciates the many advan- tages good porcelain enamel finish. Easier sales and greater profits are the natural results. And the way sure excellent finish use base metal Ingot This “world’s standard enameling has full approval experienced enamelers and your customers. Men responsible for production like because comes them clean, ductile, uni- form every quality. What’s more, has scientifically processed surface that insures strong adhesion. ARMco Enamel- ing Iron can worked, formed, drawn and spun with surprising 22—THE IRON AGE, December 1937 ease. They can depend upon work, skilfully enameled, being true de- sign, and free from surface imperfections. Your customers also give ready approval. Their confidence Armco Ingot Iron the result over twenty-three years national advertising. When your products carry the fa- mous ARMCO Triangle trademark the point sale they are accepted without question. That’s say will profit you make the finish,porcelain enamel information. The American Rolling Mill Company, Executive Offices, 1960 Curtis Street, Middletown, Ohio. District Sales offices are located all principal cities. con q 3 | | \ 7 4 HRE — | & | 5 | “ | q | q a | | a | | 4 | | | TYPICAL MEMBERS COMPLETE LINE Please send further information complete line General Electric push BILL, ONE MORE G-E PUSH BUTTON INSTALLED Now There Won’t Any More Holdups for Long glad that the Boss specifying General Elec- tric push-button stations now. They won’t tying you and costing you time for repairs. And their silver contacts mean lot less maintenance they roll closed, and clean themselves automatically every time they are used.”’ Installers and maintenance men who work with electric equipment all the time learn the big differences push-button stations. That’s why they are outspoken their preference for G-E equipment. They say makes their job far easier. Foremen and managers also are enthusiastic about our line push-button stations. furnishes them choice station exactly suited their needs. The attractive enclosures and sturdy mechanical and electrical design mean better-looking jobs, long life, and fewer maintenance calls. shall glad send you copies our publications types push button stations. Just clip and mail the coupon General Electric, Dept. 6B-201, Schenectady, New York. GENERAL ELECTRIC 4 Bate VANADIUM STEEL can get Crestoloy wrench into tight places where ordinary wrench would not because Crestoloys are thinner than ordinary wrenches. Crestoloy wrench will stand any service which wrenches can than wrench the conventional type. Such are the quality and reputation the Crestoloy wrench that Crestoloys were part the equipment the Byrd Expedition the South Pole and Cap- tain Stephens’ Stratosphere flight. All Crestoloy Wrenches are made Chromium-Vanadium Steel, selected for FOR STRENGTH DURABILITY 24—THE IRON AGE, December 1937 its high strength, toughness and resis- tance fatigue. Metallurgists the Vanadium Corporation America will glad work with you the selection de- velopment steel that will enable you build greater strength and de- pendability into your product. quest for information for metallur- gical assistance involves obligation. VANADIUM CORPORATION AMERICA LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, Plants Bridgeville, Pa., and Niagara Falls, Research and Development Labs. Bridgeville, Crestoloy Wrenches are made Crescent Tool Co., Jamestown, FERRO vanadium, silicon, chromium, and titanium, produced the are used steel makers the production high-quality steels. d ia CF . VANCORAM j mountet por mate Sales Offices and Warehouses New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Cleveland, Boston, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati. Grand (Carborundum is a registered trade-mark of The Carborundum Company THE IRON AGE, December 8. PAT, OFF. U COMP ‘ NY e NI — oe =f Ch. Smith, Maryland State Roads Comm., Gen. Contractors, Reddington Sons Kranz, Highways, Cincinnati, O.; Gen. Contractors, Kerpen Construction Co. Built Erie Co., Fanning, Ch. Engr.; Howard, Engr. Structures. Baltimore Boston Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Minneapolis New York Philadelphia | Columbia Steel Company, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Distributors « 26—THE IRON AGE, December 16, 1937 Denver grade separation pro- jects show the trend simpli- fied, lines—to strong, low- cost construction. They indicate the maintain required clearances with minimum amount approach fill excavation. Built steel, sure sturdiness and long service. successful adaptability esthetic treatment harmonizes practical utility its surroundings. Illustrated are three types grade fabricated Rockville, recently Bridge. Md., span (above) the dis- crossings American tinctive, graceful appearance the tied arch. pleasing, vaulted pro- file the continuous, rigid frame marks the lines Millan Street Bridge The Big Tree, railroad crossing shows adaptation the efficient girder span. Little bridges play big parts, too, American Bridge Company’s his- tory. same care, the same ser- vice, the same half-century ence are available you whether AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY General Offices: Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Detroit Duluth St. Louis United States Steel Products Company, New York, Export Distributors ATES STEEL a 4 | j i IRCONIUM added killed steel the ladle diminishes the variation carbon contenf your killed-steel ingots NIUM added Steel the Ladle Inhibits Carbon Segregation properties throughout the ingot. explain how you can use this alloy improve write for addi- tional information, without obligation. within the ingot. This variation, known results non-uniform physical prop- erties. Zirconium, inhibiting carbon segrega- tion, produces more uniform grain structure and Zirconium advantageously added killed steel the ladle 12-15 per cent zirconium alloy. Ask Electromet metallurgist call and ELECTRO METALLURGICAL COMPANY Unit Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation CHROMIUM Low-Carbon Ferro- chrome (in grades, maximum 0.06% maximum 2.00% carbon) High-Carbon Ferro- chrome (maximum 6.00% carbon) High-Nitrogen Ferro- chrome Chromium Metal Chromium-Copper Miscellaneous Chro- mium Alloys CALCIUM Calcium-Silicon Calcium-Aluminum- Silicon Calcium-Manga- nese-Silicon ZIRCONIUM 15% Zirconium 40% Zirconium Aluminum-Zirconium SILICO- MANGANESE All grades including Silico-Spiegel MANGANESE Standard Ferro- manganese 82% Low-Carbon Ferro- manganese Medium-Carbon Ferro- manganese Spiegeleisen Manganese Metal Manganese-Copper Miscellaneous Man- ganese Alloys Carbide and Carbon Building, East 42nd St., New York SILICON Ferrosilicon 15% Ferrosilicon 50% Ferrosilicon 75% Ferrosilicon 90% Ferrosilicon 95% Refined Silicon (minimum 97% silicon) Miscellaneous Sili- con Alloys VANADIUM All grades BRIQUETS (Patented) Chrome Briquets Manganese Briquets Silicon Briquets COLUMBIUM TUNGSTEN 3 4 —— — kL Zirconium should added the ladle while being filled. Visit the STAINLESS STEEL EXHIBIT New York Museum Science and Industry. R-C-A Building, Rockefeller Center, New York THE IRON AGE, December 1937—27 — 4 { q rO- me he adi Write for this VALUABLE This brand-new Catalog containing Plate Estimating Tables and other Facts and Figures—that you'll use ranged for handy reference sent you with our compliments and those the following representatives: New York, Houston, Texas Wm. Dickey The Corbett Corp Pittsburgh, Pa. McKee-Oliver, Inc. St. Louis, Mo. Hubbel! & Sharp Los Angeles, Calif. Ducommun Metals San Francisco, Calif. Supply Co. Hanford Seattle, Wash. Jr. Cleveland, Ohio Boston, Mass. Bond Edward Lloyd Chicago, Ill. Detroit, Mich. Theo. Dodd Co. Sevin and Toronto, Canada Drummond, McCall Co., Ltd. 28—THE IRON AGE, December 1937 4 Soy a q + ; \\ > u \ / ¥ } fe \ \ \ \ | - QUALITY WELDING PRODUCTION BASIS with & pplied with accuracy current. regulated Westinghouse gnitron Welding Controls. Such precise con- brings faster welding. rejects discoloration, warping, and costly imperfections. many cases, re For increased production and better improve your present welders ask Westinghouse for complete data ALLOYS NICKEL BRASS STAINLESS STEEI COPPER TUNGSTEN or combinations of these pay you to investigate Ignitron Welding Control on an automatically Ignitron Welding Con- irom indexing projection welder used for fabrica- 7 trols. Write today for with ting Westinghouse refrigerator parts. Notice booklet B 2123. Westing- on remote mounting of Ignitron Timer near q house Electric & Manu- ceiling to save floor space : facturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa. This seam welded refrigerator evaporator i* an example of how Ignitron Controls have improved production of liquid and gas-tight F welds. / q 1 wit 30—THE IRON AGE, December 16, 1937 u : : 3 — : f € “ | a When the Pay Load Increased INLAND HI-STEEL Inland Hi-Steel was developed for the equipment manufacturer who wants make mobility and low oper- ating costs important sales features his product. With Inland Hi-Steel can greatly reduce structural weight without loss strength and this open hearth alloy also has much greater resistance atmos- pheric corrosion even than copper bearing steel. These advantages can now added his product very small cost, for his tonnage consumption steel reduced and his fabrication costs are not materially increased. Daily savings operating costs reach big totals for the user. Not only does Inland Hi-Steel make the equipment more mobile and profitable his hands, but also makes sales move faster for the manufacturer who anticipates these customer-advantages and builds from Operating viewpoint with Inland Hi-Steel. Send for Bulletin No. which fully describes low alloy, strength Product TIN PLATE BARS RAILS STRUCTURALS SHEETS STRIP PILING TRACK ACCESSORIES PLATES FLOOR PLATES REINFORCING BARS Why Sacrifice Quality For Use LANCO Die Heads and Combine Both The Brown Corporation, Syracuse, Y., employ LANCO Die Heads for threading Diesel Engine studs made Chrome Nickel Steel. Quality: Threads are held within .002” limit pitch diameter. Quantity: average 200 studs are completed per hour. The sturdy precision construction LANCO Die Heads assures the accuracy that you may require for your threaded products and the LANDIS patented Tangential Chaser permits the higher threading speeds that guarantee modern production standards will maintained. LANCO Die Heads are essential for close tolerances production threading operations. May send you more details? LANDIS MACHINE CO., Inc. Waynesboro, Penna. 32—THE IRON AGE, December 1937 q a 4 i a / a i fe ( | | FRITZ FRANK President J. H. VAN DEVENTER Editor E. WRIGHT J. A. ROWAN A. FINDLEY Editor News Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Fditors JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Washington Editor Resident District Editors Pitisburgh Chicago Cleveland Detroit Correspondents London, England Cincinnati FRAZAR Boston Hamburg, Germeny Milwaukee San Toronto, Ontario Birmingham Leroy W. ALLISON Roy M. EDMONDs Vewark, N. J. St. Lowts TURNER Buffalo Owned and Published by CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Office Editorial and Chestnut and 56th Sts., Executive Offices Philadelphia, Pa. 239 West 39th St. New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS Cc. A. MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC C, STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, WILLIAM A. BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JOHN VAN JULIAN CHASE THOMAS CHARLES BAUR CARROLL BUZBY P. M. FAHRENDORF BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00, Can- ada, $8.50 Foreign, $12.00 a year. Single copy, cents. Cable Address, “‘Ironage, N. Y."’ ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 'Wnion Bldg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bldg., Chestnut & 56th Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bldg., Chicago H. E. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St.. New York Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit C. H. Ober, 239 W. 39th St.. New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh D. C. Warren, P. 0. Box 81, Hartford, Conn Contents DECEMBER 1937 Cross Currents How Wage Rates Vary Your Community? Lubrication Roll Neck Bearings Steel Plants New Equipment Automotive Industry Washington News Just Between Us Tw 130 Products Advertised 132 ndex Advertisers Copyright 1937 by Chilton Company (Inc.) — ae 3 ae ee Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying for hammering loads, bolts for con- stant stress—temporary bolts, permanent bolts, and bolts which must removed from time time. Bolts which serve under high temperatures, bolts which must water corrosion. Large bolts and small bolts; machine, carriage, and lag bolts; hanger, plow, stud, and tap bolts; bolts carbon steel and bolts alloy steel, heat-treated untreated. Bolts which can ordered months advance bolts which are needed day after tomorrow. SOME LEADERS For highest pecial Bolt However varied the demands may be, Beth- lehem exceptionally favorable position meet your requirements. When special mate- rials are needed Bethlehem’s bolt and nut divi- sion can draw the metallurgical experience organization making virtually all forms steel for all industries. Our warehouse Lebanon, Pa., stocked with 3500 different headed and threaded products ready for im- mediate shipment. Some special Bethlehem fastenings are described below. Rivets for temperatures Supertemp, patented al- loy steel, the material for bolts, studs, and pres- sure screws hold working temperatures 1000 deg. and even higher. S.A.E. 4140 and Mayari for less severe tem- peratures. Other materials made order. Also three types nuts for high- temperature work. Dardelet Rivet Bolt Holds like rivet; easy use ordinary bolt. Standard rivet head. Driven with hammer; ribbed shank provides tight fit. Self-locking thread bolt and nut insures connection that cannot vibrate work loose. The Dardelet thread can also obtained track bolts and machine bolts. high-tensile steel The new high-tensile low- alloy steels call for rivets with increased strength. Bethlehem’s new Mayari R—having high tensile strength and corrosion re- sistance six times that ordinary structural steel —is now being made into rivets. Material identical that plates, sheets, and structural shapes. Special shapes Square-body machine bolts, U-bolts, gate hooks, and pressure screws are only few the special bolt products which Beth- lehem’s Lebanon Plant equipped make. Clev- ises, patch bolts Staybolts wrought iron Mayari staybolt steel. Washers, insulator pins. 34—THE IRON AGE, December 16, 1937 { | N | BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY ition divi- ence rent im- hem THE IRON December 1937 ESTABLISHED Vol. 140, No. Break the Stick! ONGRESS has been session now for five weeks. heard good deal from Washington and elsewhere about the need reassur- ing business the Government attitude toward it. uring this time have Promises have been made regarding the future modification tax laws and other ‘when can get around but these expressions good measures and attitudes, intentions had little effect the downward course business. That may because far anything concrete concerned prove the intent, has not materialized. Can that business getting skeptical about promises? reminds one the chicken farmer who had modern ideas about egg production. The old fashioned notion, course, has always been treat the hens well and make them comfortable possible. This new era farmer had different theory. be- lieved keeping the hens stirred all the time that wasted soulful contemplation hens while sitting their nests. shall put stop this, show them who boss around here and make them lay their eggs the Whereupon this progressive farmer provided himself and his children with variety stout sticks. Whenever the flock hens was making itself comfortable, would approached the farmer one the family and belabored into action. doubt exercise was good for the farmer and his family and gave them appe- tite, but the hens did not seem benefit it. fact, the production dwindled seriously that the farmer finally decided approach his hens with olive branch instead hickory stick. dear said the farmer, need your eggs the family can continue eat. Believe me, have the best intentions toward you and will longe you with have you got your inquired presumptuous replied the farmer, olive ‘Oh, replied the hen, looks like just another stick The moral this that belabored hens lose the power discriminate. you want convince them that you mean business, you must sti won't need the olive branch. 5 4 é are ecial hers. iron teel. J -, How Your Wage Rates Compare With point system for evalu- ating jobs within indi- vidual plant has been used for several years, pointed out Mr. Bass THE IRON AGE Sept. 10, 1936. Ex- tension its use individ- ual companies trade associations for its member companies, for accurately comparing rates with those given district community, outlined this article. “WHAT the ‘district’ ‘community market’ rate for our class ask many op- erating “How can dis- trict community wage rate sur- veys made more accurate and intelligible?” ask many others. To- day with the determined and almost unprecedented upward movement wage rates and with pressure from organized labor groups in- wages still further, these questions become vitally important problems and crease problems requiring them. previously Granting, course, that rates not and should not the sole determinant the internal 36—THE IRON AGE, December 1937 wage policy, still remains impor- tant that management have clear picture the status its wage scale relation the district be- fore decisions are made the adequacy its existing scale wages the justification for its revision. Where management has sold itself labor being equita- ble its dealings, accurate wage comparisons with their community can valuable instrument use collective bar- gaining wage matters. Perspective View Valuable Management Even beyond all this lies the fact that management should certainly know much about the condition district wages does the labor organizer. Time was when labor knew little nothing about wage rates outside, but today through the medium the affiliated indus- trial unions, wages are being com- pared both district and industry, and labor’s perspective outside wages has been considerably broad- ened. perspective view, therefore, the magnitude and trend com- munity wages valuable man- agement. Immediately the question arises how this information can best collected and presented ligible picture. Even before this can answered, however, there another question that must con- sidered, namely, that the funda- mental wage policy adopted the management, that is, the wage pol- icy with reference general out- side wage levels. There are com- panies which have adopted the generous policy paying high higher than the district for any specific job trade. Others state that they will maintain their gen- eral wage scale high higher than the general district level. short, the emphasis placed one case upon the specific job and the other case upon the complete wage scale, and there very fundamental difference. Specific Job General Wage Scale? The wisdom the former policy might logically questioned. practice assumes that the aver- age district rates various jobs proper relative alinement, and this generally not the case. result, the internal alinement rates longer remains func- tion the local management. Con- trol shifted outside manage- ments employing labor similar jobs. Moreover, the specific wage rates paid individual jobs may not reflect normal conditions within but rather just the con- verse. For these individual rates can reflect possible errors judg- ment establishing base rates; they can reflect special condition where the employee being paid rate commensurate with his own ability rather than the job’s re- quirements; and, they reflect condi- tions unusually close loose price setting the time study de- partment. These conditions when viewed collectively will affect the general level wages only slight- —< | j 4 | 4 q | im ( | u n s 0 fe N 4 fi ‘ d | i t | | ly, but when viewed wage rates for specific job, they are seen out proportion and may result false assumptions. The second policy wiser, for then management can maintain its wages general below, on, above the market level, depending upon policy and competition within its own indus- try. company can adopt some rational basis for justifying its ternal rate differentials and keep the control the wage structure large degree its own hands. Your Wage Scale vs. That Other Companies So, this the policy adopted, there still remains the problem developing some method for determining the relation individual company’s wage scale those other firms and the dis- trict general. Some firms achieve this select- ing certain common representative jobs their plant “key” jobs, and the basis these make wage comparisons with other firms having jobs which are considered similar. Where this done, the wage comparison being made with the objective determining the firm’s relation the general level rates; for reviewing the results the survey, the emphasis placed its overall status, with respect all jobs included, rather than individual jobs where rates appear either too high too low. While this method quite Job Analyst, The Atlantic Refining Philadelphia. Those Your Community Point System Job Evaluation Can Aid Either Through Company Association Studies ceptable theory, not entirely satisfactory practice. For specific job one company can rarely found exactly duplicated another, even within the same industry. result, the compari- son made between jobs which are apparently but not exactly similar. Another objection that industry may labor dis- trict employing relatively, not totally, different type which obviously renders compari- son this nature not only difficult but often impossible. Still another objection that the summary this wage information cannot put into such form give con- crete, simple, and crystallized pic- ture any company’s actual wage scale relative that any others. And the policy maintain the wage scale itself certain rela- tion district levels, picture what these wage scales actually quite desirable. Point Method Extended Wage Rate Comparisons the Sept. and Oct. 1936, issues THE IRON described point method for evaluating hourly paid jobs which was devel oped justify and maintain the internal wage rate differentials various jobs proper alinement. While this was originally drawn for the purpose stated, its use has been extended with considerabl success that making wage rate comparisons. brief, this job evaluation plan supplies abstract point measurement the difficulty value jobs, that when applied wage scale, the actual rates paid will reflect differences indicated these point ratings. other words, rather than de- termining how much job worth jobs, this value determined comparing separately the skill, quirements with other jobs, and each case assigning point dex value. The total these point values, therefore, indicates the trinsic value this job relative any all others. Without the use some sort ratings expressed mathe matically, would impossible draw wage curves which could accurately compared. For these THE IRON AGE, December 4 ° © © by q 4 a q 4 hg — curves must drawn against wages paid and job difficulty, and job difficulty abstraction until reduced some common denomina- tor such points. get ac- curate picture the actual wage scale one company such form directly comparable with any other, necessitates apply- ing job evaluation their work. Comparing With Other Plants practice this accomplished actual visit the company with which wage comparison which the local management feels are proper relative alinement and which cover the total range wage rates are studied and evalu- ated the point method. This evaluation consists comparing the working conditions and the re- quirements skill, experience, the jobs question; with large number key jobs which have evaluated and which point weightings have been assigned. The average actual rates paid these jobs both day- work and incentive basis are then plotted against the values determined this evalua- tion. plotting these points, shown Fig. there will generally considerable dispersion. Some will obviously disproportionate that they must ignored. The through the preponderance the points can assumed represent the day-work and incentive wage not necessary that the jobs evaluated common both com- panies; not necessary that here any similarity whatsoever. What actually being done drawing the company’s wage scale the same manner would, were they using point sys tem for job rating. Since, however, both companies’ wage curves are drawn against common base point values, direct comparison immediately possible. Wage Curves Three Companies Compared Fig. are three companies’ wage curves, and one curve which district average drawn against difficulty points. These are actual wage curves companies eastern industrial area drawn dur- ing recent wage survey. each 38—THE IRON AGE, December 1937 case the lower the two curves for any company the curve their day-work wages, and the upper curve that incentive wages. both the day-work incentive wages paid company “A” are considerably below the average for the district. happens that company “A” does not require highly skilled labor compa- any future increases the jobs either end the wage scale. The wage curve for company discloses condition rather com- mon today; that the pressure brought labor for increasing the minimum wage, both through arbi- trary increases the minimum, and through general increases flat amounts rather than percent- ages. While their laboring rates | | 1.10 s 0.90 > | O70 4 6)— - 0.60 | | — + } Rates = / toe 4 | 100 200 300 400 500 600 900 1000 1200 1300 Difficulty Points Fig. the Wage Curve. nies “B” and but that factor has been recognized; for the most difficult job this company was rated only 1000 points against 1120 the other two companies. The slope their incentive wage shows average make-out above day rates approximately per cent for the lower laboring classes, whereas this make-out becomes only per cent the more highly skilled occupations. short, dis- closes not entirely equitable price setting. The fact that the incentive curve drawn over only part their total range difficulty points shows that the lowest and highest skilled jobs are performed entirely day-work basis. Comparisons Continued The curves for company in- dicate that its semi-skilled jobs are paid out proportion the rest its wage scale. While these jobs are being paid above the district average, company “B’s” laboring rates and rates for the highest skilled jobs are still below the mar- ket. This cannot considered healthy condition, and the remedy could lie giving the major part are considerably above the district average, this advantage becomes progressively less the skill re- quirements become greater. This all very well. Some one may say, these are interesting pic- tures wage scales, but how ac- curate are they? All can say that they are accurate the evaluation made the jobs upon which they were based. But this evaluation more than the overall would otherwise have made. measurement many jobs which would otherwise have ignored due the lack similar jobs for Procedure for Jobs Not Graphically Compared mentioned previously, these curves are drawn the basis evaluation jobs which the company feels proper rela- tive alinement. This then may ex- limited number jobs. Where this the case, the jobs excluded will fall into one two categories. Either they will those whose rates are recognized being dis- 4 q | 4 | | 0.50 a | proportionate but which are per- petuated because certain local conditions personalities, they are specific jobs for which there temporarily large market de- mand. either case proper that these jobs disregarded; for our interest the average level wages paid for jobs varying degrees difficulty, and our evaluation and comparison must restricted jobs which will reflect this and not temporary extrane- ous conditions. Should there interest the market rates for any specific job trade, wage com- parison can made with compa- nies employing that type labor, but should not considered representative their general wage Job for Trade Associations logical question from anyone interested making wage com- parisons this basis is, “Does necessary for any such agency adopt job evaluation themselves and apply their problem cir- culating wage rate information. Once set-up, this would necessi- tate less attention their part than present. course, ini- tiate such plan would require the evaluation number repre- sentative jobs each member com pany, and the drawing their wage scales. All subsequent wage surveys, however, would require more than obtaining from mem- ber companies the day-work and incentive rates they were the moment paying for the jobs which had already been evaluated. The point ratings originally established for these jobs will not change long the jobs themselves not change, that the rates periodical- secured, when plotted against the permanent point ratings;. mediately indicate the rary nature the wage scale. making wage comparisons Fig. Wage Scales. evaluation plan?” While job evalu- ation can valuable practically any concern for the purpose establishing and maintaining their internal wage structure proper alinement, not essential that they employ order make wage comparisons such have outlined, long there some trade other association which can and will the job for them. fact really job for such association. Several associations collect and disseminate wage rate informati