The Iron Age 1937-11-18: Vol 140 Iss 21

: ‘low center gravity backing insulation means structural ability retain ocean-going vessel. B&W Insulating Firebrick possess all the properties neces- sary maintain stability: fusion point higher than design temperature changes. This insures against change structure and guarantees that the high insulating value will maintained. Furnace operators widely varying industries are saving fuel and reducing maintenance costs with the aid these brick. Details will gladly sent upon request. THE BABCOCK WILCOX COMPANY IRON AGE, November 18, 1937 THE IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON CO, (INC.). Publication Office, Chestnut 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. and Executive Offices, 239 39th New York, Entered second class matter November 1932, the Post Office Philadelphia under Act March 1879. $6.00 year S., Canada $8.50, Foreign $12.00. Vol. 140, No. } R-58 — REMEMBER For over half century Ludlum has ranged the field Suggestions design well proper selection fine steel making and has pointed the way many steel are part gratuitous service its custom- important developments the use superior alloys. ers—as the case California manufacturer. His prob- lem was broach square holes vises made from tough Today, the past, Ludlum countless semi-steel chrome nickel alloy castings. The broach bar manufacturers who are gunning for profits. Ludlum formerly used was made solid section from oil hardening steel—with relatively short service life. The Ludlum rep- service far from being mere filling orders. resentative called the problem suggested entirely emphasizes the exact matching steel the user’s new type broach made from heat treated steel shaft into which toothed plates LXX high speed steel were set. Lud- need, dependable information its correct heat recommendations for heat treating and air cooling treatment and working, and practical suggestions avoid distortion were also followed, with the result that these increasing the efficiency saleability the are now working with unprecedented efficiency facturer’s product. Ludlum. Trained engineers and metallurgists are ready help you. Just write Research Dept., FINE STEELS SINCE 1854 Steel Co., 1118 Street, Watervliet, TOOL STAINLESS CARBON ALLOY THE IRON AGE, November § | | | | | thing mechanical Quick and accurate shaping metal part the steady formance Cincinnati Shapers. MORE GASOLINE THAN YOU WILL USE typical example Goodrich improvement rubber THE next years you will prob- use 36,000 gallons gasoline. Sounds like lot, doesn’t Yet every one the above lengths Goodrich hose handles more than that, from shore tanks tankers, ten minutes. Cheapest way transport gasoline oil water. But loading and unloading big tankers was expensive problem. Then Goodrich developed special hose for the purpose, capable stand- ing such terrific pressure suction that one length hose can fill empty 3,500,000-gallon tanker less than day. Pressure force such volume oil from shore tanks across docks, ship side and across decks ten pulsates that the hose whips and thrashes like mammoth serpent. But Goodrich engineers designed their hose with- stand that abrasion, resist pressure that would burst ordinary types hose, re- sist the attack oil which ruins most rubber, and withstand pressure from the outside when suction applied unload the tanker destination. Here was product presenting not one problem but many, all solved the same Goodrich engineers who are constantly work improve hose, belting and every Goodrich product. These engineers have been responsible TEN YEARS MINUTES for many the most far-reaching im- provements rubber—improvements which have increased its age, flexibility, and resistance abrasion, chemicals, heat. When you specify Goodrich your mechanical rubber goods distribu- tor you automatically get all the benefit these improvements, matter how small large your order, matter how standard special the product you buy. The Goodrich Com- pany, Mechanical Rubber Goods Divi- sion, Akron, Ohio. THE IRON AGE, November i ‘ q proud the number heat treating shops that are using “Carbofrax” all their furnaces. The furnaces shown are two sev- eral the shop one our many satisfied users. And here’s the record. cla ie will Pay you to i this Silicon Carbide ACTORY QOUCTs Pittsburgh. Agents: Sales and Engineering Corp., Birmingham, Als.; Christy Fire Brick Company, St. Louis; Harrison Company, Salt Lake City, Utah; Pacifie Abrasive Supply Co., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle; Denver Fireclay Co., Paso, Texas. District Sales Branches: Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Cleveland, Boston, (Carborundum and Carbofrax are registered trade-marks The Carborundum Company IRON AGE, November 18, 1937 cular Carbofrax tile used this was worn out from abrasion tile this furnace has been use for nine tile failed two wee destroying pot. per-Refractory your Plant. CARBORUNDUM BAND IDUM COMPANY, REFRACTORY DIVISION, PPING OUTPUT QUADRUPLED! Tapping alloy steel nuts 4-spindle machine. These must pass Government inspection. Texaco Sultex Cutting Oil assures this. ANUFACTURERS facing tapping problems alloy steel will interested the experience the Harrison Bolt Nut Co., Harrison, They have more than quadrupled their output simply changing over Texaco Sultex Cutting Oil Sultex could make this enormous increase out- put because gets down between the cutting edge the tap and the chip, this way reducing the friction, preventing abrasion, assuring satisfactory finish each thread. Attempting handle this job with another cut- Put new life into your cutting and grinding operations with: Texaco Sultex Cutting Texaco Sultex Cutting Texaco Sultex Cutting Sultex Cutting Soluble Oil—C TEXACO Government-inspected stainless steel tapping ma- chine. Prior use Texaco Sultex only one spindle could op- erated, and that re- duced speed. ting compound, three out the four spindles were idle, tap breakage was heavy, finish pass the necessary Government inspection. Trained engineers are always available for consul- tation the selection and application Texaco Cutting and Soluble Oils. Prompt deliveries assured through 2070 warehouse plants throughout the United States. Start using Texaco Sultex Cutting Oil now and increase life cutting tools. The Texas Company, 135 East 42nd New York City. THE IRON AGE, November CUTTING | | } 8—THE IRON LAKE SUPERIOR IRON ORES ALL GRADES CLIFFS SHAFT LUMP ORE FOR OPEN HEARTH FURNACES COAL FOR ALL REQUIREMENTS AGE, November 1937 < | 4 Confidence modern pilots their ability remain the air based more upon their flying experience than upon their knowledge that nothing overlooked give them the modern engineering the construction and equipment airplane. Certainly higher standards are required than manufacture. For instance, the heat treating seamless steel tubing precise control grain structure essential and the possibility acid embrittlement well decarburization must eliminated. the Ohio Seamless Tube Company this controlled atmosphere fur- nace used for bright annealing, nor- and drawing seamless steel ANNEALING 4 € a q = % tubing used aircraft construction and the manufacture golf and fishing rods. Equipped with gas-fired radiant tube heating utiliz- ing prepared atmosphere gas, this continuous furnace bright anneals steel tubing with net efficiency 36.4%. Maintaining highest standards =" duct, economy and production rate—that the chief interest Combus- tion engineers when you call them discuss your heat treating problem. your requirements can met— Surface Combustion can meet them adequately and with economy. SURFACE COMBUSTION CORPORATION, Builders and DRAWING, ANNEALING FURNACES BATCH OPERATIONS j IRON AGE, November 1937 Above. Final inspection shaft height, the spacing holes for holding- down and their location with respect the shaft shoulder. Below. All parts are gauged for accuracy while process manufacture. During his years engineering and manufacture, Charlie Williams has seen Reliance policies and ideals crystallized through decision and action. With clear understanding such intangibles well qualified direct the work guarding Reliance quality. q P Because closely-knit organization can things Reliance unusual ways which put added value into our product. Here inspection and tests are charge the Engineering Department. this way, engineering follows the motor from the point design the shipping fioor. Raw materials, parts process, and assembled units are constantly under the observation and control men primarily interested maintaining standards quality which have been set for Reliance Motors. It’s never case “getting by” but “making inspection and test work followed through this basis. Engineer Charge Inspection and Tests given each rent motor provides defi- nite check against standards which have been set for particular rating. 4 duce which whe ation from established stand- with vibrometer. dards will caught this Reliance Electric and Engineering Co. 1088 Road, BRANCHES: BIRMINGHAM BOSTON BUFFALO « CHICAGO © CINCINNAT! DETROT GREENVILLE, 5. C.. © NEW YORK © PHILADELPHIA * PITTSBURGH tatives Principal Cities THE IRON AGE, November : j 4 je 4 HERE’S TRIPLE- THREAT WELDING THAT’S SAVING USERS 10c THE DOLLAR welded design pressed steel, combined beam for Athey Truss Wheel Co., Chicago, And You'll Lower Welding Costs These Ways”. because its Job Selector gives you the right TYPE welding arc suit the job. cover wider range application because its Dual Continuous Control. effect, you get two three welders different ratings when you buy “THREE —You can use larger sizes—weld faster and continuously because the self-pro- tected against burnout. “If you want yardage gains welding, just play ball with Lincoln. Yours for lower welding costs, “FLEETWELD ROD” —Spokesman for all progress-minded THE ELECTRIC Dept. X-436, Cleveland, Ohio Largest Manufacturers Arc Welding Equipment the World free copy Bul. 412 giving details about the new welder. Name Position City State 12—THE IRON AGE, November 1937 { ie i i { | | WELDER WITH DUAL CONTINUOUS CONTROL q Your copy this brand new Catalog briefly describes and illustrates WORTH facilities for production Sheared Steel complete control from ingot finished material.” Con- tains plate estimating tables and other reference data frequent use you— handily arranged, make your job and it’s FREE! Without obligation send copy your new Catalog. NAME THE IRON AGE, November 3 Fag Bat q J a ‘ : af LA. 11-48 | 9 ve UNITED ENGINEERING and FOUNDRY COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA 14—THE IRON AGE, November 18, 1937 and flexibility control...and cleaner strip. These are the outstanding features the new and improved UNITED Electrolytic Strip Cleaning Lines. Sixteen are now operation under construction. | ‘ . | H | i — The safest connector between moving parts! American Flexible Metal Hose Tubing Standard Equipment Incorporating American Flexible Metal Hose and Tubing original parts your product excellent insurance against the need for future servicing. any case where flexible connector conductor needed take movement parts where vibration threatens crack rigid pipe, American Flexible Metal Hose and Tubing will answer. For carrying air, oil, water, steam, fuels various kinds, has years successful experience rec- ommend American” it. Your customer recognizes “American” quality-mark; hence has definite sales value you. pipe bends when Maintenance Work American Metal Hose used hundreds applications save time, avoid shut down machinery, cut costs. Steam, air, oil, water, cutting compounds, dust, chips, smoke and other materials can success- tures. lasts longer. Write THE AMERICAN General Offices: 7a fully conveyed through American Flexible Metal Tubing. need make expensive “American” because flexible and yet can safely used under high pressures and tempera- hence problem. Our Engineering Ser- vice without cost. WATERBURY. One instance bow American Fiexible Metal Tubing used product design. Protecting Capillary Tubes recording Metal Hose widely used. Open door cooling demands rugged, flex- used 4 a AS oF detail about your Send for Bulletin SS-3. Just off the press and packed with for your engineering department. COMPANY THE IRON AGE, November 3 ] 4 4 5 AY ¢ ¢ iz 4 for maximum service life tests have been made steels deter- mine their resistance atmospheric corro- sion. The most thorough and conclusive are those carried out the American Society for Testing Materials which various irons and steels were exposed the weather until rusted through. These A.S.T.M. tests have definitely proved that copper-bearing steel the outstanding material among commercial irons and that has from two three times the life ordinary steel under exposure atmospheric corrosion alternate wet and dry conditions and that outlasts open-hearth iron, copper- bearing open-hearth iron and wrought iron good margins. Beth-Cu-Loy Pipe the copper-bearing composition (0.20 0.30 per cent copper content) that the A.S.T.M. tests proved rust-defiant. The slight extra cost offset many times over the much longer life. pipe that you can use with complete confi- dence when you are looking for the best value. COMPANY IRON AGE, November 18, 1937 7 ; 7 ‘ pe < a » ‘, q q the Demands Wire Rope Severest Requirements met ROEBLING “BLUE CENTER” REDUCE operating costs minimum, has been necessary many instances increase the capacity wire rope rigged equipment. Speeds have been stepped up...loads boosted. result, wire rope has been called meet increasingly severe service. For many applications where service conditions are severe, “Blue Center” has exactly met require- ments. has proved conclusively that assures lowest general average operating cost. you are seeking wire rope superlative quality, one which will give you maximum safety and durability, rock-bottom operating cost, investigate Roeb- ling Blue highest development Roebling wire rope manufacture! JOHN ROEBLING’S SONS CO. TRENTON, Branches Principal Cities ROEBLING BLUE CENTER THE IRON AGE, November q Ou THE MIDVALE IRON AGE, November 1937 First, they are the product integrated plant. From clean, sound metal, through the ingot the finished forging stage under one central supervision and reverts one common responsibility. Further, the properties every type steel produced Midvale have been predetermined our laboratories and tested our plant before offered for your use. For heavy duty, for heat, for whatever requirement, Midvale welcomes the opportunity prove produce forgings dependable excellence. COMPANY NICETOWN PHILADELPHIA OFFICES: New York Chicago Pittsburgh Washington Cleveland San Francisco = : - = q The importance more efficient motor and machinery drives well recognized all industry today. Modern roller chain drives are in- creasing production output and reducing power provide usable information still more convenient form,—a revised and greatly augmented catalog has been compiled. You will find,—how select modern higher efficiency power trans- mission chains for various speeds and select chains for machinery maintain higher production speeds full information stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant selection tables, etc. New Catalog 617 will give you correct answers your drive problems quickly. copy will mailed you request DIAMOND CHAIN MFG. CO., 433 Kentucky Ave., Offices and Dis- tributors Principal Cities. DIAMO Roller New 617 > STAINLESS STEELS.—Rustless Iron Steel Corp. Folder describes the various types steels produced the corporation, suggests applications, gives chemical analyses and discusses machining char- acteristics each type. Bulletin 11-48. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS. Worthington Pump Machinery Corp. new line pressed steel frame mounted ball-bear- ing centrifugal pumps described this bulletin. Available for belt motor drive, these type pumps are suitable for handling loads from 300 gal. per min., heads from 120 ft. Bul- letin 11-49. BOILER SERVICE UNITS. —Roots-Conners- ville Blower Corp. Bulletin describes automatic boiler service units designed for packers, breweries, can- neries, heating systems, etc., and adapted the following operations: condensate return for gravity systems; combination boiler make-up and condensate return, and direct feed boiler supply. Selection tables, engineering data, and diagrams typical installations are included. Bul- letin 11-50. WRENCHES. —J. Williams Co. Book- let contains much practical information for guiding mechanics and tool buyers the selection and use various types wrenches. Photographs illustrate wrench types and show “right” and “wrong” method using them. Bulletin 11-51. MACHINING ALUMINUM. Aluminum Co. America. revised edition the booklet “Machining Aluminum” which contains detailed data working aluminum and its alloys. Chapters cover various phases machine shop and tool room practice and tables give cutting speeds, physical properties, and compara- tive weights screw Bulletin 11-52. FRICTION MATERIAL. Johns Manville Co. Catalog contains pertinent informa- tion brake linings and clutch facings for steel mill equipment. feature the publication chart which makes possible instantly select the proper material for any given service condition. Bulletin 11-53. CONVEYORS. Handling Sys- tems, Inc. “Conveyors Action” the title this hard-covered book which pre- sents, means series photo- graphs, quick picture conveyor ap- plication and conveyor possibilities. Bul- letin 11-54. CRANES.—Shaw-Box Crane Hoist di- vision, Manning, Maxwell Moore, Inc. unusually complete treatise crane reference book for engineers and college students, 221 pages text and diagrams cover every phase crane design and operation. Bulletin 11-55. INTER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM. Webster Electric Co. Bulletin describing electric Teletalk inter-communicating sys- tem specially designed for noisy locations. Illustrated and contains examples ap- plications. Bulletin 11-56. HEAT TREATMENT.—Surface Combustion Corp. Booklet traces the application heat from the ingot soaking pit the final heat treatment the metal. Photo- graphs illustrate the various types fur- naces manufactured. Discusses the op- erating characteristics each type. Bul- letin 11-57. PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS. Skilsaw, Inc. The portable electric saws, drills, grinders, sanders and blowers various industrial fields are covered this publication. are claimed maintenance and building construction. Bulletin GROUP WASHING EQUIPMENT.—Bradley Washfountain Co. Book contains full in- formation regarding Washfountains, multi-stall showers, drinking fountains and other fixtures, well specifica- tion data and washroom planning in- formation. Bulletin 11-59. PERMANENT MAGNETS. —Taylor Whar- ton Iron Steel Co. The development, production, theory, design and properties permanent magnets made Alnico al- loy steel are discussed this semi-tech- nical bulletin. Included comparison the characteristics Alnico magnets and magnets constructed other metals. Bulletin 11-60. CASTABLE Re- fractories Co. Folder describes Ada- chrome-Cast, refractory material for pouring monolithic hearths forging and heat treating furnaces and other appli- cations where resistance elevated tem- peratures and high structural strength desired. Bulletin 11-61. BORING AND TURNING MILLS.—Consoli- dated Machine Tool Corp. Bulletin No. 106 describes Colburn heavy duty vertical boring and turning mills with and in. swing. Mills have separate motor each head for operating rapid traverse and utilize spiral bevel gears table. Bulletin 11-62. FLEXIBLE METAL HOSE. Pennsylvania Flexible Metallic Tubing Co. Two bul- letins; one bronze steam hose and clincher couplings, and the other covers galvanized hose and couplings. Construction features and applications are discussed and complete specifications and prices are given. Bulletin 11-63. HYDRAULIC GRINDERS. Thompson Grinder Co. Bulletin describes hydraulic grinders for wet dry work. Grinders feature all direct drives, hydraulic rapid traverse and hydraulic Magnetic chuck equipment also illus- trated. Bulletin 11-64. GALVANIZING.—Meaker Co. publication describing Meaker Process galvanizing, practice for electro-galvaniz- ing round wire and wire cloth galvaniz- ing machines. Fully illustrated and contains pages practical plating in- formation. Bulletin 11-65. 40-page UNIVERSAL AND TOOL GRINDER.— Landis Tool Co, Catalog K-137 covers the 12x28 in. universal and tool grinder. With standard equipment the machine suitable for surface, internal and the usual external cylindrical grinding. Extra equipment makes possible hob grinding, circular forming tool grinding, staggered tooth gear cutter grinding, etc. Complete specifications are included. Bulletin 11-66. DEGREASING MACHINE.—G. Blakes- lee Co. Bulletin describing the dual vapor control degreasing process and illustrating equipment. Includes list applications. Bulletin 11-67. STEEL CONTAINERS.—Pressed Steel Tank Co. Catalog covering seamless steel cylinders, tanks, bells, drums and special shapes. Manufacturing processes and products are illustrated and descriptive text, specifications and drawings are included. Bulletin 11-68. Conveyor Co. Catalog illustrating and describing vari- ous types material handling equipment and containing many actual photographs installations with lists users. Bul- letin 11-69. CORROSION RESISTANT Corp. Bulletin describes Haveg corrosion resisting pipe, fittings and fume duct which are molded from mixture acid-washed asbestos and synthetic phenol formaldehyde resin which said give exceptional resistance acids, salts, and many other solvents. Pipe and fittings are available sizes from in. in.; fume duct sizes from in. in. Bulletin 11-70. WERE SEND ABOVE ADDRESS q | example the su- perior machinability J&L Cold Finished Improved Bessemer Screw Steel, con- sider this hose connector made Butch Rhodes, Phila- delphia. This part produced four-spindle automatic formed, recessed, drilled, given interior thread and cut high degree free machining necessary clear the hole chips and give true sur- face when tapped this speed. Many manufacturers simi- larly report that Improved Bessemer Screw Steel improves production and increases qual- ity and profits. this steel, there change chemistry physicals. In- creased machinability results from exclusive method manufacture. And this in- creased machinability can save you money through greater cutting tool wear power consumption... smoother surface and higher quality finished products. J&L Improved Bessemer Screw Steel available SAE 1112 SAE X1112 (Spe- cial High Sulphur) grade, cold finished, mill shipments and from distributors’ stocks principal cities. Investigate the machining possibilities this improved steel. Increase your specify and buy Jones Laughlin. JONES LAUGHLIN STEEL CORPORATION PENNSYLVANIA HIGH QUALITY IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS SINCE THF IRON AGE, November FINISHED STEEL 1850 — Get the facts J&L Improved Bessemer Screw Steel. Write today, your business letter- head, for your copy this bul- letin Bessemer Screw Steel. STEEL PRODUCTS FOR MANUFACTURING Hot and Cold Rolled Strip and Sheet and Welded Tubular Products... Cold Finished Bars and Shapes Spring Wire...Tin Plate and Black Sheets. YOUR PROFITS WITH J&L COL IMPROVED BESSEMER NATIONAL SEAMLESS Use them when you want eliminate frequent replacements HAT you call your heat transfer equipment ... Heat Exchangers? Coolers? Pre-Heaters? Boilers? Evaporators? Economizers? Air-Heaters? Whatever its name the equip- ment designed transfer heat between gas-and-liquid, liquid-and- liquid, gas-and-gas cannot economical operation the tubes contains require frequent ment. For not only the cost the tubes but also the cost labor replace them and the value the idle time are involved. For economy, take chances, use only the highest quality tubes, those that will give long life with the least chance failure. Seamless Heat Ex- changer Tubes are especially adapt- able for the various heat transfer applications. Pierced from the finest quality open-hearth electric fur- nace steel, they have welds, line possible weakness. The fact that the steel came through the NATIONAL TUBE UNITED 22—THE IRON AGE; November 1937 HEAT EXCHANGER piercing operation without defect flaw ample evidence its struc- tural uniformity and soundness. Fabrication costs are reduced final heat treatment which makes these tubes easy flange, bend, coil, expand into headers. Heat Exchanger Tubes are furnished number analyses steel meet the differing require- ments modern processes. Our en- gineers will gladly recommend the best analysis for the particular pur- pose intended. PITTSBURGH, NATIONAL Seamless Tubes for Heat Exchangers are available the follow- ing analyses steel: Low Carbon Steel (Boiler Tube Grade). Low Carbon Copper-Steel (0.20 0.35% Copper). Chromium, Chro- mium with Molybdenum, and Low Carbon Molybdenum Steels. USS 18-8 (18% Chromium—8% Nickel) Stainless and Heat Re- sisting Steel. Columbia Steel Company, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Distributers United States Steel Products Company, New York, Export Distributors TUBES 1 | | | bec it’s Stainless THE 18-8 STAINLESS STEEL seat, disk and disk nut are shown the cut-away tion this %-inch globe valve. Other parts, including body, bonnet, packing nut, union ring, gland and stem, are also made 18-8 stainless steel. HIS stainless steel globe valve complies with American Standards Association specifications for service 600 lb. per sq. in. pressure and 750 deg. temperature. will give long, trouble-free performance high- pressure, high-temperature, corrosive ser- vice, because stainless steel strong, does not corrode, and heat-resistant. thousands other services where cor- rosion severe, stainless steel does better job than can expected less modern metals. Stainless steel resists the attack METALL URGICAL COM nit CARBON BUILDIN tron NEW: 4 4 ~ 4 many acids and salts, even elevated tem- peratures, and does not contaminate these chemicals when contact with them. Per- haps has many possibilities your plant. Electromet, though not manufacturer steel, has for over thirty years produced the ferro-alloys that into the making steel. Experience thus developed stainless and other alloy steels and irons available assist you selecting suitable alloy steels for your purpose. Write for further informa- tion, without obligation. THE IRON AGE, November 4 7 q 5 | B-G-R makes every conceivable type spring, from wide variety materials. complete stock flat and round wire al- ways available for instant use. you look for value—and economy—fortified consci- entious delivery promises—then you’ll find the answer your spring requirements DIVISION ASSOCIATED SPRING CORPORATION DETROIT PLANT COOK PLANT 24—THE IRON AGE, November 18, 1937 4 Yes, true that Armco exceedingly busy producing stain- less steels for hundred-and-one varied uses. Buyers seem like our sheets, strip and plates. They say the finishes are par-excel- lence, the fabricating ARMCO qualities uniformly good, and the acceptance their products heightened the Armco name. Yet busy are turning out fine stainless, have the men, methods and equipment produce more. Especially are interested your new TAINLES problems and new applications. you are looking for source supply that will give you what you want, when you want it, shall glad hear from you. The American Rolling Mill Company, Executive Offices: 950 Curtis Street, Middletown, Ohio. TEEL THE IRON AGE, November he with Magnetic Tracer, Cen- tral Electrical and Mul- tiple Torch Cas Control Unit. Manifolded Cyl- inders AIRCO gen and Acetylene appear background. Below: Close-up the Motor-Driven Magnetic Tracer. Tachometer and Quick Speed Chang- ing Device provide ac- curete control cutting speeds. driven, mechanically guided and manually guided tracers are These Cross Equalizers and Engine Equalizers are typical the clean-cut, ac- curate reproduction turned out the flame cut parts and bring down costs with these new... With cutting areas 120 inches wide feet long, these machines make possible the simultaneous produc- tion duplicate parts quantities with corre- sponding savings production costs. Equipped with motor-driven magnetic tracer—an exclu- sive AIRCO feature—plain intricate shapes are auto- matically reproduced from simple, inexpensive templates, with speed and accuracy. Length cutting area can increased any desired extent the use additional track. Two sections make continuous possible, for plate stock can set one section while proceeding the other. Full about AIRCO-DB TRAVOGRAPHS will furnished request. Write for them— REDUCTION SALES COMPANY General Office: East 42nd St., New York, OFFICES and DISTRIBUTING STATIONS PRINCIPAL CITIES duplicate parts for GAS and ELECTRIC ARC WELDING ond GAS CUTTING 26—THE IRON AGE, November 1937 4 q ] q asd q 4 i 7 | | | | | machine that’s built with Inland Hi-Steel goes farther its fuel does the work lower cost because it’s lighter, stronger and more mobile. matter what product you make steel—if moves must moved often—you can improve beyond compe- tition only useless dead weight eliminated. Increased numbers leading manufacturers now consider Inland Hi-Steel the best material for this purpose. Here are three important reasons: (1) Inland Hi-Steel permits wide margin weight re- the construction equipment industry, for example, the duction without loss structural strength. (2) easily worked—punches and shears without burr, welds excellently, uniform and its qualities are not changed high low temperatures. (3) more resistant atmospheric corrosion than standard copper-bearing steel. Why not try Inland Hi-Steel for your product? Make test its actual advantages. Inland engineers will gladly assist you. Write for Bulletin No. which gives com- plete information Inland Hi-Steel. SHEETS STRIP PLATE BARS RAILS TRACK ACCESSORIES PLATES FLOOR PLATES STRUCTURALS REINFORCING BARS AND é 4 a q \¥ % — : The manufacturers pipe nipples prefer LANDIS Pipe and Nipple Threading Machines because they are faster production and give dependable uninterrupted service,— because they are simple and easy operate and Tool Costs are With LANDIS equipped shop, modern standards production and accuracy are easily attained, and competition less difficult meet. Investigate the advantages LANDIS Pipe and Nipple Threading Machines. Write today. LANDIS MACHINE COMPANY, INC. WAYNESBORO, PENNA. IRON AGE, November 1937 « equippe : * 4 | FRANK President J. H. VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor News Editor Machinery Editor Art Editor FINDLEY Editor Emeritus Associate Editors JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Washington Editor Resident District Editors Cleveland Detroit Correspondents London, England Cincinnatt Boston Hamburg, Germany Milwaukee San Francisco Toronto, Ontario Birmingham Newark, N. J. St. Lowts TURNER Buffalo Owned and Published CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Office Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Editorial and Executive Offices 239 West 39th New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JOHN VAN JULIAN CHASE THOMAS KANE CHARLES BAUR CARROLL BUZBY BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Subscrip- tion Price: United States and sessions, Mexico, $6.00, Can- ada, $8.50 Foreign, $12.00 year. Single copy, cents. Cable Address, ADVERTISING Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bidg., Cleveland Sts., Philadelphia, Fa. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Chicage H. EB. Leonard, 239 W. 30th &t.. New York Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit C. H. Ober, 239 W. 80th St.. New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg.. Pittsburgh D. C. Warren, P. 0. Box 81, Hartford, Conn. NOVEMBER 18, 1937 Social Security Frogdom Desulphurization Pig and Steel Zinc Alloy Die Castings Embellish Cars Automatic Inspection Ford Parts Use Resistance Welding Widened All-Welded Plant Addition Gear-Motor Slow Output Speed-Motor New Equipment Statistics Metal-Working Activity Rate Activity Capital Goods Automotive Industry Washington News NEWS CONTENTS New Industrial Literature Just Between Two Products Advertised Index Advertisers Copyright 1937 Chilton Company Plant Expansion and Equipment 124 without H.. this for evidence the ductility the bethanized coating and the tenacity with which clings the wire—its ability stand fabricating operations! This ordeal, which the wire sub- jected manufacturer wire cloth, shows that the coating practically part the wire itself. And here are two more exceedingly important fea- tures the electrically-applied bethanized coating: — drawn from gauge down gauge damage the coating 99.99-per-cent-pure zinc, which gives ex- ceptional weather resistance, and absolutely uniform thickness—no thin spots give out relatively soon and pave the way for rust. Because these characteristics bethanized wire taking over many tasks that have been too rigor- ous for the galvanized wire heretofore available handle satisfactorily. sor | | | THE IRON AGE, November 18, 1937 | THE IRON November 18, 1937 ESTABLISHED Vol. 140, 21° Social Security Frogdom HERE something the air this time year which turns thoughts the great outdoors and its inhabitants. Perhaps, because the open season for game the reason may something else again. The reason itself not important. accordance with this instinct, dealt last week this page with eels. This week, while the feeling persists, will deal with frogs. Did you ever hear how Frogdom ex- perimented with old age pensions? The inhabitants Frogdom, you know, subsist insects. takes considerable agility acquire three square meals, you are frog, and good marksmanship, too. The frog has lie wait until his prospective meal flies past and then bring down his quarry shooting out his tongue him. Skillful frogs are said attain per cent record such tants this kingdom begins put age, the going not easy. That why the pro- gressive ruler Frogdom conceived the bright idea old age pension for frogs. Under this plan, the younger frogs, all whom were the sharpshooter expert marksman class, were catch, but not eat, one additional insect per day. Each these frogs was bring this extra insect the Emperor Frogdom who would give him receipt for together with assurance writing that when could longer earn his daily bugs through the skill his would fed the Government. Frogdom took this plan enthusiastically, visioning old age ease and indo- lence which meals would set before them. They also had the somewhat naive idea that the Government had constructed some huge warehouse which accumulated surplus dried bugs from the daily contributions made members the kingdom. the truth must known, such thing was not happening all. The bug contribu- tions exacted from the subjects Frogdom, pain fine and imprisonment, were not segregated all but went into the general Royal larder from which the Emperor frog, his immediate Royal family, his henchmen, and the ruling legislators Frogdom drew their rations. was great thing for the frog legislators especially, who depended upon patronage for election and maintenance office. For they had the privilege shipping great quantities bugs their constituents under the emergency relief the slightest pretext imaginable. course, the rub came many years later when large number contributing frogs arrived pension age. when they got there, the cupboard was They had true, but they could not live paper. The Emperor Frogdom, however, solved the problem very neatly. made his sub- jects contribute two bugs per day thereafter instead one, which certainly was mas- terpiece progressive statesmanship. But youth will served Frogdom everywhere else and when one the inhabi- 3 $$$ $$$ $$$ @ i EEE 4 | | % Ld q Desulphurization Pig lron and ° ° ° COLCLOUGH ° ° combination the method operation the blast furnace wherein the fluxes are added the burden such proportions will give slag minimum melting point and viscosity without regard the sulphur content the iron excess sulphur contained the pis iron removed subsequent treatment with desulphurizing agents, has now been fully developed and established commercial basis, and described this article. has been demonstrated that under these con- ditions, steel any desired specification produced while the rate production, coke consumption and operation costs are improved. Large tonnages pig iron and steel, over 500,000 tons, have been manu- factured date under this combination processes with results satis- factory from the point view both quality and cost, and patent protection the principles have been granted, applied for. the manufacture iron and steel, one the most important fac- tors has been the con- trol the sulphur content the product. The difficulties presented the elimination this element have imposed serious limitations both the processes employed and the character the raw which could used the basis manufacture. overcome these difficulties, attention has been fo- cussed methods for the removal sulphur separate and dis- tinct stage the manufacturing process. This principle has been applied with marked success foundries the manufacture iron castings. now well known, the liquid iron from the cupola treated with sodium car- bonate runs into the ladle. Long experience has shown that this treatment not only decreases the sulphur content the iron, but also improves the quality the metal, and has been considerable benefit the industry giving wider choice raw materials. much wider application this principle was described arti- cle The Iron and Coal Trades Re- view, May 1936, which there was given outline new princi- ple for the manufacture pig iron. The theoretical considerations which this new principle was based formed the subject paper the Iron and Steel Institute (Brit- ish), September, 1936. *Reprinted from the Iron and Coal Trades Review, Sept. Photo opposite page furnished through the courtesy Haematite Steel Co., Ltd., England. brief, the object this new principle produce pig iron the lowest possible cost estab- lishing the blast furnace those conditions which will give the maxi- mum rate production and the lowest coke consumption per ton pig iron made. This can only secured insuring smooth oper- ating conditions, fluid slag, and open conditions the tuyere zone, promote the rapid and free combustion the coke. has been demonstrated the paper just referred that attain these results the burden the blast furnace and the additions flux shall regulated such man- ner form slag the lowest possible melting point and viscos- ity, and this object most nearly attained when the ratio lime silica the slag approximately unity. has been proved prac- tice that under these conditions the rate production iron in- creased, the coke consumption decreased, and the difficulties ex- perienced the smelting ores which are relatively high alumina have been practically overcome. has been pointed out that this method operation the sulphur content the pig iron tapped from the blast furnace completely dis- regarded, and any excess sulphur over specification excess that desired for steel-making pur- THE IRON November aq >” | / 3 4 4 i g g 3 A TABLE Desulphurization Pig Sodium Carbonate Before Treatment After Treatment Reduction 0.50 0.42 0.42 0.156 0.42 66.5 0.78 0.386 0.57 0.54 0.127 0.49 67.1 0.82 0.307 0.99 0.59 0.079 0.91 0.78 0.289 1.04 0.49 0.055 0.92 81.0 0.83 0.257 0.53 0.057 1.10 poses removed subsequent ing the practical application the treatment. new method burdening the blast furnace, was immediately appar- Sodium Carbonate Desulphuriza- ent that the iron would require tion treatment similar use For many years has been the alkaline reagent. practice blast furnaces and The reactions which occur with iron and steel foundries over- sodium carbonate are somewhat come the difficulties due high- character, but may sulphur iron the treatment indicated follow: The the liquid metal with sodium car- sulphur the pig iron generally bonate in the ladle. When consider- accepted as being present in the forms sulphides iron and man- ganese (FeS and MnS). The sodium carbonate reacts with these sul- phides liberating carbon dioxide and forming sodium sulphide and ferrous and manganous oxides accordance with the following equa- TABLE Typical Slags formed Ladle 13.95 7.17 tion: 1.60 1.78 Under the high-temperature con- 0.58 0.60 ditions prevailing the ladle, part 9.68 11.04 the carbon dioxide dissociated. 19.87 16.43 liberating oxygen which may com- 6.72 10.80 bine with iron also form ferrous oxide accordance with the follow- ing equation: TABLE Comparative Tests Desulphurization Pig Sodium Sodium Sodium Carbonate Carbonate Carbonate Desulphurizer Alone Mixture Alone Mixture Alone Mixture Weight pig iron ladle, 108,800 116,600 104,800 113,900 114,000 Analysis iron before treat- ment: 1.00 0.80 0.50 0.46 1.04 1.12 Analysis after treatment: 0.68 0.58 0.28 0.30 0.80 0.84 1.31 1.16 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.35 Sulphur iron, Ib. ........ 156 174 $75 314 515 526 Sulphur removed, ...... 107 130 142 163 298 Sulphur removed per 100 Ib. sodium carbonate, 9.5 23.3 12.7 29.1 26.9 53.2 Proportion Desulphurizing agents used: (a) Sodium carbonate alone, 1120 Ib. per ladle; (b) sodium carbonate, 560 Ib. per ladle, fluorspar, 560 Ib. per ladle, limestone, 1500 Ib. per ladle. 34—THE IRON AGE, November 1937 The carbon monoxide formed es- capes from the metal and burns comes into contact with the at- mosphere. Secondary reactions may occur which result the formation silicates iron and manganese. These rise the surface the metal forming slag layer, possibly accordance with the following three equations: MnO) The various chemical reactions are materially stimulated the vigorous stirring action the lib- erated carbon dioxide, which has the additional advantages de- gasifying the molten metal and re- ducing the residual non-metallic inclusions. The sodium formed insoluble metallic iron and rises the surface forming part the slag. Immediately the sodium sulphide the surface the slag comes into contact with the atmosphere, part the sulphur burns, combining with the oxygen the air and forming sodium oxide and sulphur dioxide which escape into the atmosphere. the iron with sodium carbonate, found that there every case marked reduction the sulphur content the iron, and the same time there also, due oxidation, reduction the silicon content the iron. The effect the man- ganese content relatively small and usually negligible. The car- bon and phosphorus contents the pig iron are unaltered. Examples the desulphurization accom- plished the use sodium car- bonate are shown Table and typical examples the slag which formed the surface the metal are given Table each these examples, the weight pig iron treated was about tons, and the strong desulphur- izing action the sodium carbonate clearly demonstrated. Desulphurization Mixture Where very large quantities pig iron have treated, and districts which are favorably situ- ated for the supply limestone and fluorspar, has been found that mixtures these minerals with so- dium carbonate may prove more suitable and more economical than plain sodium carbonate for desul- 4 be. / Pa ig | © { | 4 phurization. The slag which forms the surface the iron after treatment with sodium carbonate exerts fluxing action the brick- work the ladle and the lining hot-metal mixer steel-mak- ing furnace which the pig iron transferred. avoid this action, necessary remove the slag completely possible before transferring the iron. The slag formed using sodium carbonate alone very fluid and the early stages the development work was found advisable add small amount limestone the slag order thicken the slag and there- facilitate the complete separa- tion slag and metal. mental tests, was found that con- siderable advantages may ob- tained the use other agents conjunction with the sodium car- bonate desulphurizing medium. The materials added the sodium will, under certain con- ditions, act agents themselves, and addition form slag which has lower fluxing action the brickwork, and such fluidity readily skimmed from the surface the metal. The mixture which used also increases the efficiency the sodium carbonate, measured pounds sulphur removed per pound carbonate used, provid- ing bases combine with the silica which formed the secondary reactions referred above and thereby liberating the whole the sodium base for combination with sulphur. The best results have been ob- tained the use mixture con- sisting about per cent so- dium carbonate, per cent fluorspar and per cent lime- stone. found that although the use limestone instead its equiv- alent weight burnt lime exerts greater cooling effect the pig iron under treatment, yet limestone preferred owing the tur- bulence and agitation produced the action the CO, which lib- erated the decomposition the limestone. The volume slag, when the mixture employed, approximately double that plain sodium carbonate slag, but the case the large quantities iron contained blast furnace ladles, the additional cooling action the extra slag volume importance. The results comparative TABLE Removed Sulphur Sulphur Content Iron Elim- Lb. Pig ture Before, After, After, tion, 100 Lb. Soda Iron, Lb. Used PerCent Per Cent Lb. Limestone 0.380 0.158 438 182 76.2 16.7 A 0.326 0.150 409 188 54 65.7 14.4 82,400. ....... B 0.584 0.290 481 23 50 54.0 14,7 B 0.426 0.160 434 163 62 60.5 16.4 = | B 0.360 0.130 405 146 64 57.6 15.7 116,600. ....... B 0.348 0.076 402 78 70.1 19.0 100,800........ B 0.300 0.096 302 97 68 45.7 2.4 0.262 0.060 263 45.3 12.3 0.662 0.288 781 340 78.7 21.4 Cc 0.473 0.192 562 228 59 59.6 16.2 104,400........ 0.416 0.194 434 202 41.4 11.3 112,400. ....... Cc 0.364 0.162 445 198 55 44.1 12.0 111,600........ Cc 0.220 0.098 245 108 55 24.3 6.6 108,800........ Cc 0.160 0.040 174 43 75 23.4 64 49,000. ....... Cc 0.118 0.060 58 29 49 5.2 1.4 Desulphurizing mixture per ladle: (a) sodium carbonate, limestone 1200 fluorspar, cwts. 1872 (b) sodium carbonate, cwts., limestone, 1200 fluor- spar, cwts. 2096 (c) sodium carbonate, cwts., limestone, fluorspar, 2620 Ib. series tests, carried out the same casts pig iron, and using one ladle sodium carbonate alone and the other mixture so- dium carbonate, limestone and fluor- spar, are given Table III. These results demonstrate the satisfactory desulphurizing action which can obtained the use either sodium carbonate alone the mixture. test No. the weight desulphurizing agent added was excess the amount theoretically required remove the sulphur, and will noted that the sulphur content the treated iron is, both cases, within the usual specification for basic pig iron, and that from per cent the total sulphur present the raw pig iron eliminated single treatment with the desul- phurizing agent. tests Nos. where the TABLE Slag from Metal Blast- furnace Ladle Per Cent Per Cent Metallic 1.44 0.8 33.15 25.25 4.06 5.65 18.37 14.38 sulphur content the pig iron approximately twice and treble that test No. the proportion de- sulphurizing agent used lower than test No. all cases there marked reduction the sul- phur content the iron, and TABLE Desulphurization Mixer Pig Mixer Si, Mn, Si, PerCent PerCent PerCent Per Cent 0.55 0.195 0.54 56 0.78 0.194 6.62 0.75 0.78 6.130 0.74 6.70 0.69 0.090 6.91 0.66 0.78 0.089 1.26 0.77 Hot Metal from Mixer Elimination Actual, Proportion, Mn, PerCent PerCent Per Cent 0.42 6.111 0.59 0.083 40 0.075 0.90 0.085 0.85 0.006 7 0.076 0.99 0.013 15 THE IRON AGE, November 18, q ~ j 3 * q 4 q 3 4 TABLE Percentage Desulphurization Stages Operation Furnace Ladle, Mixer, fer Ladle, Furnace, Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent Opera- Cumu- Opera- Cumu- Opera- Cumu- Opera- Cumu- Test tion lative tion lative tion lative tion lative 52.7 42.7 72.9 24.3 50.0 89.7 57.8 19.2 65.9 50.0 83.0 35.3 89.0 60.7 42.3 nil 53.3 89.1 67.0 5.5 68.8 11.7 72.5 52.0 86.8 64.4 nil 64.4 4.4 66.0 83.9 62.7 22.1 71.3 23.3 78.0 33.9 85.4 63.6 7.6 66.4 9.6 70.0 42.4 82.4 observed that the effective use the desulphurizing agent in- creases the total amount sul- phur present the iron rises. The improvement the desulphurizing action the sodium carbonate the addition fluorspar and lime- stone clearly demonstrated all three examples. considerable body experi- ence, both Britain and abroad, has now been gained the appli- cation this practice operating the blast furnace with slags low melting point followed desul- phurizing the iron. all cases, the operation the furnace has been improved and the pig iron transferred the steel-making fur- naces has been reduced the de- sired standard sulphur content. series typical results ob- tained the use the sodium car- bonate, limestone, fluorspar mix- ture, given Table IV, and analysis the slag formed the surface the metal shown Table would anticipated, the de- gree desulphurization which attained shows some variation, and has been observed that greater efficiency attained with increased temperature the iron. spite these minor variations, can safely accepted that with pig iron containing over about 0.125 per cent sulphur, one treatment with the sodium carbonate/limestone/ spar mixture plain sodium car- bonate will remove from per cent the sulphur content with average elimination about per cent. noted from the fore- going examples, covering they exceedingly wide range sulphur content, that the efficiency the desulphurizing mixture in- creases the weight sulphur removed increases. other words, the higher percentages sulphur are more readily removed than the lower percentages, and while clearly demonstrated that the sulphur content the iron can successfully reduced even ranges below 0.100 per cent, yet the lower the sulphur content the greater the difficulty remove the same proportion and the less efficient, the theoretical basis, the action the desulphurizing agent. This leads the conclusion, which has been verified practice, that the removal sulphur ef- fected more completely and econom- ically out stages rather