The Iron Age 1937-09-02: Vol 140 Iss 10

— - ; PICKING TIN PLATE STACKS 4 i q 4 ~ ~ i} AG-ENG LIB. clude the only device that possesses both sufficient power and range action keep parts tight: Helical Spring Washer Adequate Size. 616 WRIGLEY BLDG., ONLY HELICAL SPRING WASHER HAS ADEQUATE RANGE 2—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 THE IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON CO. (INC.). and Executive Offices, 239 39th St., New York, Publication Office, Chestnut 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. second class matter November 1932, the Post Office Philadelphia under Canada $8.50, Foreign $12.00. Vol. 140. No. 10. Zr 4 q ’ “a t HEN you use Bethlehem VisControlled steels, whether standard free-machin- ing, you are set for high production. You get maximum machinability for any particular speci- fication. This because Bethlehem’s exclusive Vis- Control process regulates part steel making that has never heretofore been under such complete control—degree oxidation the open-hearth. Unless oxidation accurately controlled, too much deoxidizer may needed, and excess deoxi- dizing elements are detrimental machinability. Not only does VisControl make possible smaller additions deoxidizing agents— with improved also enables Bethlehem hold these additions within narrow limits—meaning consistently uniform machinability. Practically all Bethlehem steels are now made under VisControl. For best machining results— fastest production, best finish, longest tool discuss your specifications with Bethlehem metallurgist. will utilize the VisControl ess give you the best processing characteristics the steel you buy. THE IRON AGE, September ial 216921 ler STANDARD PIONEERED BACKED-UP LEVELLERS for PRODUCTION Three years Backed-Up Roller Leveller was vm And ‘that’s not whole production dies are still producing .20 Carbon Hot rolled sheet steel .125 .130 thickness presses running strokes minute. i 4 wie i t q | } E Shadows are greatly reduced and all details clearly revealed under Cooper Hewitt mercury vapor light. This modern light means better sight and better pro- duction boon management and workers alike. adding incandescent lamps the mercury within the fixture, lighting obtained that closely resembles daylight values for operations that re- quire perception color. 6—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 The detail-revealing light mercury vapor now produced 22% less cost. And, the new unit hangs hori- zontally give the best distribution the soft, non- fatiguing light which its long lamp provides. Starting instantaneous. Power factor high. Get full details about these improved units. They are made two sizes: inches long operating 350-watts; inches long using 275-watts. Bulletin 827 illus- trates their many advantages for you. Write for copy. General Electric Vapor Lamp Company, 833 Adams Street, Hoboken, New Jersey. GENERAL ELECTRIC g j Mids 4 é >» q TANK REPAIR CREWS PRODUCE STEEL USINESS booming. Orders are piling up. Why take chance losing any part this long-awaited prosperity installing pickling tank that might break down, and jam your production line. You will get tonnage from tank repair crews. Simply specifying tank steel, rubber and brick insurance against break-down, repairs and leakage. True, this type has become standard specification, but the fact remains that the rubber-lined pickling tanks with the long, successful records safe and profitable performance are all Goodrich Tanks. Five years ago Goodrich developed Triflex lining, Triflex expansion joints and brick sheathing. was these fea- tures plus the Vulcalock process attaching rubber steel which made possible the modern rubber-lined pick- ling tank. This the tank which freed the pickling room from repairs and acid losses, increased production ending break-downs, and lowered costs eliminating leakage. alone don’t make dependable pickling tank proven, successful experience one the most vital factors for certain success. You who know steel know how im- portant continuous production to- day. modern pickling lines LIBRARY Goodrich Tanks are assuring continu- ous operation, free from dangerous acid leaks, costly repairs, embarrassing shut- downs. Specify Goodrich and you specify more and certain production for years, lower pickling cost. The Goodrich Company, Mechanical Rubber Goods Division, Akron, Ohio. (In Canada: Canadian Goodrich Com- pany, Ltd., Kitchener, Ontario.) Goodrich THE IRON AGE, September 1937—7 WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITy i} aif — 4 For HEAVY-DUTY ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS—You'll get longer service from them lubricating them with TEXACO Under rolling loads, Marfak liquefies, forming tough film. the same time remains plastic edges bearing, seal against leak- age and foreign matter. When you use Texaco Starfak, you get the full savings built into anti-friction bearings their makers. You save power, down-time, replacement costs. | | ‘ | , 8—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 q 7 riction after year get the lower starting and running torque that means lower power the highly-polished surfaces your high-speed anti-friction bearings— when you use Texaco Starfak. Texaco Starfak required years perfect. Made expressly for high- speed ball and roller bearings. Coats polished parts with lubricating film that’s extremely stable, despite high operating temperatures and speeds. Many anti-friction bearing lubri- cants oxidize, break down, separate, leaving non-lubricating residue which may cause bearing failure. Others entrain air, forcing them- selves out the bearing. Trained lubrication engineers are available for consultation the se- lection and application Texaco Petroleum Products. Prompt deliv- eries assured through 2070 ware- house plants throughout the Switch Starfak, and keep your bearings anti-friction. The Texas Company, 135 East 42nd Street, New York City. You get top performance from anti-friction bearings only when you use lubricant made especially for their peculiar oper- ating conditions. Texaco Starfak maintains its bigh lubricating qual- THE IRON AGE, September | Here’s * not the cost new tubes that makes the plant engineer shake his head. It’s the cost and the delay opening the exchanger, insert- ing the new tubes, and then re- assembling and reconnecting the ex- changer jobs that eat heavily into any plant maintenance appropriation. Wise power-plant engineers have found method keeping down maintenance costs heat exchangers —by standardizing the finest seam- less tubes that modern metallurgy has produced Seam- less Heat Exchanger Tubes. Ask any power-plant engineer who has used them and tell you they can’t beaten for real economy that they save money eliminating frequent replacements and cutting out idle time. Tubes offer you these savings because they are seamless pierced from solid billet finest quality steel—uniform wall-strength throughout. They have welds line possible weakness. Each tube receives final heat treatment, which makes easy bend, flange, coil, expand into headers. Heat Exchanger Tubes are furnished different analyses steel, depending the service re- quirements. Our engineers will gladly consider your requirements and recommend the best analysis for service your plant. Write our nearest sales office. NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY 10—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 UNITED PITTSBURGH, PA. Columbia Steel Company, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Distributors United States Steel Products Company, New York, Expert STATES STE | ment yo" i | | q Startling some, significant all, the gas-fired radiant heating element applied heat treating furnaces opens entirely new range possibilities for that most flexible fuels, and generally the cheapest-gas. Virtually every one the largest copper and brass fabri- cators now has Surface Combustion equipment similar the pan-type gas-fired annealing furnace shown above—equipped with gas-fired radiant heating elements. addition non-ferrous furnaces numerous other installations the gas-fired radiant heating element have been made the ferrous industry for hardening, annealing, spheroidizing and malleableizing— the ceramic industry for enamel- ing and the chemical industry for high temperature processes where the products combustion cannot allowed come into contact with the work. Exact control uniformity the product, bright surfaces the metal for further fabrication without ad- ditional preparation, economy fuel—these advantages are certain with this equipment. Learn all you can about the high efficiency gas-fired radiant heating element for modern heat treating continuous and batch furnaces. vast importance industry. SURFACE COMBUSTION CORPORATION, HEATING ELEMENT Builders and DRAWING, NORMA! IZING, ANNEALING CONTINUOUS OPERATION United Belt Wrappers are now operating successfully and 30” diameter tension reels for cold reduced strip products tin plate and heavier gauges with resultant increases tonnage 18%. ENGINEERING and FOUNDRY COMPANY PITTSBURGH PENNSYLVANIA Associated Companies DAVY and UNITED ENGINEERING CO., LTD. DOMINION ENGINEERING WORKS, LTD. 12—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 i , > i there one thing that empha- sized this plant—it Quality, both products and service. For this reason you are sure that the WORTH Plate you buy the highest standard consistently that the Ser- vice you get the fastest possible— your treatment the fairest, most courte- ous and helpful that sincere intent can make it. invite you test for yourself. welcome your inquiry order. TEXAS —every employee interested seeing that you get Quality plus Service all SHEARED STEEL PLATE FLANGED DIS HED HEADS BLUE NEALED SHEETS THE IRON AGE, September | 3 yet STRONGER Three-cylinder, vertical Tips Oil Engine built Tips Engine Works, Austin, Texas. The crankshaft Chromium-Vanadium Steel. THIS CRANKSHAFT CHROMIUM-VANADIUM STEEL versatile power plant the Tips Oil Engine versatile, compact and dependable. the oil fields mining refrigeration plants ...in power plants—in wide variety indus- tries and applications, Tips Oil Engines are stand- ing under tough service. Contributing the dependability and compact- ness the Tips Engine the Chromium-Vanadium Steel crankshaft. Owing the higher strength and greater toughness Chromium-Vanadium Steel, designers the Tips Engine were able reduce the section and weight the crankshaft, ana FOR STRENGTH DURABILITY 14—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 providing more compact unit without sacrifice dependability. Perhaps you, too, can improve the dependability and reduce the weight your product with Vanadium Steel. Metallurgists the Vanadium Corporation America will glad study the problem with you. VANADIUM CORPORATION AMERICA 420 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW Plants Bridgeville, Pa., and Niagara Falls, Research and Development Laboratories, Bridgeville, Pa. FERRO ALLOYS vanadium, silicon, chromium, and titanium, produced the Vanadium Corporation America, are used steel makers the production steels. | | q { A 4 MACHINES are steel-fabricating tools can obtain accurately shaped parts and the same time save money the fabrication steel with portable stationary Oxweld oxy-acetylene cut- ting machine. The portable Oxweld CM-5, for instance, can depended upon make precision cuts profitably wherever the occasion demands. Because its port- ability and the ease obtaining good results, the CM-5 has proved especially useful fabricating plants, boiler shops, forge shops and steel mills. Visit the Linde Exbibit, Booth Linde representative will gladly help you determine which Oxweld machine best suited your particular work. The Linde Air Products Company, Unit October 18-22, 1937 Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, New York and principal cities. *Trade-Mark THIS OXWELD TRIM- MING THE EDGE STEEL PLATE. This machine weighs only pounds. can guided band, rod. can adjusted cut bevels, and will cut steel inches verything Wel ing and LINDE PREST-O-LITE ACETYLEWE APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES FROM LINDE CARBIDE THE IRON AGE, September The METAL WORKING INDUSTRY Display Each year the metal-working industry goes display the National Metal Exposition. The latest develop- ments materials, processes and equipment will exhibited and many cases demonstrated the manu- facturers who serve this industry. The metal-working industry also goes display The Iron Age National Metal Issue published October connection with the Exposition. promi- nent feature this issue will India tint insert having the following sections: The National Metal Congress and Exposition City Auditorium October 18-22, 1937 Under the auspices of: American Society for Metals Also co-operating: American Welding Society Institute Metals Division, Machine Shop Practice Division, Wire Association | j aan * Metal Treating, Furnaces and Refractories Welding and Cutting Metals Metal Cleaning and Metal Machinery and Tools Testing and Inspection Each section will introduced with attractive pictorial spread followed original, authori- tative editorial articles dealing with these subjects. Advertising will placed right the sections either following the editorial articles regu- lar space rates, facing one the editorial pages slight additional cost. Here issue which will read and studied executives metal-working plants. issue which comes their attention twice—at their offices and again the show where copies will distributed. will bring your product their attention time when they are think- ing about buying. provides unusual publicity opportunity. Pick the section which you want your advertisement placed and send your space reserva- tion, write for further details. q : re x . 4 — Satisfied customers are the foundation any business. Meeting specification delivery date helps, but these are only start. Here Industrial Brownhoist, believe that customer should satisfied only after years dependable and profitable operation from the crane sell him. This involves many design, construction and even our selling methods—for means that our locomotive crawler crane must prove itself the most economical unit for doing our particular kinds handling work. This slow, but sure, method building customer good-will responsible, our case, for the world’s most complete line loco- motive cranes. responsible, too, for the unusually high regard which the name Industrial Brownhoist held wherever materials are handled. Are you satisfied with your present material handling costs? not, would like you one our kind customers. INDUSTRIAL BROWNHOIST CORPORATION, BAY CITY, MICHIGAN District Offices: New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago Cranes ion Brock > ; { 1 j > rd 18—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 failures due metallurgical defects several things. They delay does not improve customer relations. They lower the quality output—which may mean costly rerolling. They tie the whole shop—which also expensive. Midvale has had experience with hardened and ground rolls equaled few firms the whole world. have made them for rolling practically every type metal, and know from experience the requirements each. Perhaps that the reason have had more roll orders this season than ever before our history. THE MIDVALE COMPANY NICETOWN PHILADELPHIA OFFICES: New York Chicago Pittsburgh Washington Cleveland San Francisco THE IRON AGE, Septembor HARDENED AND GROUND ROLLS— PROTECT BOTH THE QUALITY YOUR OUTPUT AND ITS COST bes t The Buchen Company, Chicago make the HOW Pictures Indus HOW Lists front Greater Secure jsing Dollar Market e an Car the Facts Show Appl Bett HOW Letters fire lit... HOW! BROTHER smoke writing and carrier pigeon—by swift runner and heliograph, word has reached the council fire that the braves many tribes are the march and will assemble full force the big 15th Annual Pow-wow the NIAA, September 22, 23, 24, Important plans will discussed—ex- tensive exhibits successful advertising and sales promotional material displayed and valuable presented indus- trial sales and advertising directors. course, pleasure has had its full con- sideration—banquets, night clubs, bath- ing, golf—and bows and arrows for those who prefer. Mr. Payne, Chairman, 2145 Walnut Street, Chicago, will gladly accept your reservation send further informa- tion—write him. | i yw an Dy t Inland Galvanized Sheets Are Setting New Standards New standards for service life and uniform workability are resulting from Inland’s improved methods producing galvanized sheets. First, the most modern meth- ods and equipment are used producing the base metal sheets; second, Inland’s new equipment and improved method galvanizing assures secure bond between steel sheet and coating. Examine Inland galvanized sheet. You will find streaking. Temperature held uniform during the galvanizing process. While this uniformity appearance only surface feature, indicative the closer bond and longer life the coating. find safer rule specify wherever galvanized sheet metal used. STE INLAND BASIC BEGINNING BARNES-MADE COLD ROLLED STEEL warehouse continually filled with 2,000,000 pounds rods finished stock. mill ing out large stocks daily many widths and thicknesses... product uniform quality and microstructure are your assurances dependable, quick source supply for cold rolled spring Whether your order calls for small lot ... continuous supply over long periods, find ready co-operation and prompt attention here. Next time send your inquiries for spring steel STEEL SALES DEPARTMENT The Wallace Barnes Company DIVISION ASSOCIATED SPRING CORPORATION 22—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 MANUFACTURERS THESE ARTICLES NOW USE BARNES-MADE STEEL SHOE SHANKS PISTON RING EXPANDERS MANICURE FILES METAL CUTTING BAND SAWS RAZOR BLADES GOLF SHAFTS FISHING RODS BUTCHER SAWS STEEL TAPE RULES FLAT SPRING PARTS AND MANY OTHERS SPRINGMAKERS FOR- MORE THAN THREE QUARTERS CENTURY i] { FRITZ FRANK President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Editors RICCIARDI JURASCHEK Consulting Editor OLIVER Washington Editor Resident District Editors Pittsburgh Chicago Cleveland Detroit Editorial London, England Cincinnati Boston Hamburg, Germany Milwaukee San Francisco Toronto, Ontario Birmingham Newark, N. J. St. Lowts TuRNER Buffalo Owned and Published CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Publication Offices Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Editorial and Executive Offices 239 West 39th St., New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT ERNEST HASTINGS, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary JOHN VAN DEVENTER JULIAN CHASE THOMAS KANE CHARLES BAUR CARROLL BUZBY FAHRENDORF BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed the Industrial Arts Index. Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50; Foreign, $12.00 year. Single copy, 25 cents. Cable Address, “Tronage, ADVERTISING Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bidg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bidg., Chestnut & 56th Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bidg.. Chicago H. E. Leonard, 239 W. 39th St., New York ; Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit Ober, 239 39th New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh D. C. Warren, P. O. Box 81, Hartford, Conn. SEPTEMBER 1937 Opening Shutting the Zipper Case Safe Ending Boiler Tubes Resistance Welding ........ Recent Development Metal Finishes ................ Portfolio Unique Conveyor Installations Ryerson Introduces Steel Certification Plan ............ Conveyor-Type, Scale-Free Hardening Furnaces ........ Statistics Metal-Working Activity Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying 108 Copyright 1937 Company 24—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 LIBRARY WEST VIFGINIA . September 1937 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 140, Interruptions VERY day one can learn something new keeps his ears and eyes open. learned something new last week about typewriting. After listening the click—click typewriters for more than quarter century and, indeed, occasionally pecking away myself one with two fingers, composing this editorial, found that there such thing rhythm typewriting and that indication efficiency. Probably that something that most you have known for long time, but was new me. And the revelation came this fashion. Like most publications which deal news, have telegraph-typewriter our office which kept pretty busy closing days receiving messages from all parts the country. operator the telegraph office Youngstown, Chicago, some other place sits down the sending typewriter with the message for us, gets the con- nection and begins typewrite it. she does so, our receiving typewriter, synchro- nized with the sending instrument, automatically duplicates every letter. Not the hun- dred-thousandth part second between them, although thousand miles apart. Sometimes these messages are short and sometimes very long. was listen- ing unconsciously one the long ones click, click away that discovered the rhythm. The operator was actually playing tune click. The same rhythm that the old timers among may remember Inquiry what was all about revealed the information that rhythm, which con- sists regularly alternating changes pace, part the accepted efficiency technique employed expert typists. especially effective extensive copying jobs which might said production" this particular field effort. Frederick Taylor, father management," revealed the efficiency value, long ago, interruptions, alternations rest and work periods. But alternating changes pace industrial mass production operations something quite different. may have possibilities outside typewriting. Perhaps will find that elliptical gears are better our assembly lines than are circular ones! 1 | 4 ! Opening and Shutting the Zipper Case Inventions, proposed the President's Committee National Resources handle the case the zipper, assuming that had not yet been invented? asked that question editorial The Age Aug. for the purpose getting down practical case and drawing the opinions practical men. does seem somewhat unfair put all the burden thought upon the professors. patriotic contribution the President's Committee, donate this study the cause without cost the Government. its practical value, comparison with the million dollar report the original Committee—well, will have leave that the judgment our readers. With this introduction, will proceed business. would the proposed National Board for the Control and Forecasting Zipper Would Close the Democratic Split ONSIDERING the zipper. represent the (Committee Inconsistent Oracles) and DEMAND the addition six additional members this board, who will see things way. The addition this “new blood” would assure the maintenance the privacy one’s constitution. would promote the cause Social Security. Consider the plight the cotton grower! this new invention were ever proposed, would boon, each and every zipper must have selvage, made cotton, which would used attach the proposed invention any article sold interstate commerce. Such invention would necessity bene- ficial the oil industry, provide the necessary lubrication zippers. answer Prof. Howzis. think loses sight the major “objective.” Everybody knows that most buttons are made from oyster shells, and everybody knows that the month November con- tains the letter “r,” hence, every man employed the business supplying the raw materials for the 26—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 The Editor manufacture buttons leaves his home early the morning the first Tuesday following the first Monday November, and does not return from his oyster digging until long after the polls are closed. So, phooey the oyster diggers! the other hand, the miners (not necessarily United) are hand vote, and they would provide the metal make this proposed zipper. Additional work would provided for countless metallurgists—and just think the possibility for producing by-product 45c. silver, which the United States Treasury could purchase for 77c. ounce. This would eventually lead more employ- ment the “white collar class,” necessitating more bookkeepers, more tax diplomats enter into negotiations with other. silver producing countries, whereby could exchange our $35 gold for still more silver. Consider the professional man—the doctor. the event absent-mindedness the part the zipper user, resulting accident, there would brought into play the services the doctor, the hos- pital, the manufacturer the bandage maker, which reverts back the cotton grower. Ambulances would required transport the victim the hospital which would, turn, stimulate the automobile industry, which would pro- mote more sit-down strikes—and, such inven- tion were ever produced, the case sit-down strikes, there would division the line. Admittedly, nobody but baby would ever swal- low button, hence the above cited possibilities would stimulate more industries than the button in- dustry ever could. The Post Office Department could equip all its mail sacks with zippers, thereby promoting greater efficiency, and allowing Mr. Farley show even greater surpluses his department than has | | | i t j | ‘ | ll i 4 | } | | | the past. such case, the zipper would “in the bag.” conclusion, the greatest possible use which invention the zipper under consideration could put would close the split the Democratic party, and were perform this one function, the board would well permit it. Mansfield, Mass. Urges Appointment Sally Rand reply the hypothetical “zipper” case before the proposed National Board for the Forecasting and Control Inventions: Chairman Whoozis: “Mr. President, herein the report the National Board for the Forecasting and Contro! Inventions the particularly knot- problem having with the possible supplant- ing buttons throughout our grand and glorious Nation. rumor has come the attention our august body that secluded mountain laboratory inventor, presumably financed large industrial corporation owned family with six-letter name beginning with ‘D’ and ending with ‘T,’ has perfected cunning device prosaically called the ‘zipper.’ near have been able determine with the limited funds our command this simple device will completely supplant buttons and other fastenings degree which will completely revolu- tionize the civilization with which are familiar. “In taking evidence this matter, have had the helpful advice Professor Whyzis, who has analyzed the increased leisure our people will have result this invention. Professor Howzis has shown the dire implications technological man hour displacement which will exist this device universally accepted. addition, Mr. Lewzis, who represents the common degree second only that yourself, has advised the effect this invention will have the voting public. “You will appreciate, Your Excellency, that this matter too far reaching and too grave import for our body present decision after studying this vital matter for only che short space six months. Accordingly, respectfully request that you ask for initial appropriation approxi- mately and appoint impartial committee consider this matter from every angle may fearlessly render decision which will the best interests the Almighty, Your Excellency, the world whole, our country and the Democratic party. “Herewith, may please Your Excellency, suggested list members the committee together with short comment the reason for membership: “Professor Whyzis, who has made exhaustive study the subject great personal sacrifice and who should, some small way, reimbursed. “Professor Howzis, who touch with the mat- ter and not serving any your other com- mittees anyhow. “Mr. Lewzis, who would conscientiously keep the committee informed concerning public wards the new invention. representative the Department State claimed this ‘zipper’ could used fasten knee breeches worn foreign court representative the Army Board the ‘zip- per’ has been proposed fastener for blankets for artillery mules. representative the National Board Chris- tian Missions who could tell whether the heathen would prefer their simple garments without buttons without ‘zippers.’ “Miss Sally Rand, whom feel, wholly im- partial buttons ‘zippers’ and who would most soothing the committee whole mo- ments heated debate! Detroit, Mich. ust Have Census Closures view the magnitude social and economic problems involved, recommended: That bill introduced Congress provide board known the FEGCA (Federal Emer- gency Garment Closure Administration). That such board consist two chairmen and members, the members act sub-administrators each state. That appropriation $48,000,000 requested for suitable administrative quarters each state, for conducting investigations, keeping records, holding hearings, and examining reports. That sub-administrators empowered appoint such qualified assistants, clerks, investigators, etc., may found advisable. That funds made available investigate manu- facturers, jobbers, dealers and consumers gar- ments requiring closures. That forms prepared for distribution manufacturers, jobbers, dealers and consumers for reporting garments manufac- THE IRON AGE, September 1937—27 € ARE wre \ 4G tured, inventory and sold; also individual returns for garments use, lost, found, discarded, etc. That forms provided with space for filing tax returns. That the bill fix rate taxation based lineal inches closure each garment reported. That for the purpose efficient administration one the committee chairmen placed under the jurisdiction the Department the Interior, and handle all matters concerning buttons; the other chairman under the Department Labor, handle matters concerning zippers; and the committee whole under the Department Commerce. That the bill provide, that within thirty days after enactment, every garment article apparel made, worn, sold within the continental boundaries the United States America shall have all closures duly registered, inspected and reported for tax pur- poses; and furthermore, that all such closures provided with both buttons and zippers, and that the burden proof all disputed cases shall placed the consumer. Sandusky, Ohio. Use Buttons for Money argument Mr. Privilege the National Board for Forecasting and Control Inventions favor substituting the zipper for buttons: “Since all legislation and Government effort which does not emphasize class distinction decided- unpopular with the people power present, suggest consider the zipper its effect the lives class neglected forgotten men. “The forgotten men this instance are the bachelors who due the troubles the depression have not been financial mental condition better their state single blessedness. “Consider the time and mental effort spent the 15,000,000 bachelors these United States ours attempting sew buttons their garments, the anguish the punctured finger and the mental strain attempting task alien their sex. “If the zipper clever device substituted for buttons) were K.’d this board the time spent bachelors sewing buttons could di- verted financial pursuits and, view their better mental and financial condition, they would naturally try correct their state bachelorhood. “Even this were only per cent successful, would eliminate all the 11,000,000 spinsters avail- able and release least 7,000,000 jobs thus taking care the unemployment question. “Furthermore, think the billions buttons re- IRON AGE, September 1937 leased for circulation which can used for money the next depression. “Gentlemen, view the foregoing facts and statistics not see that have any choice but approve the zipper substitute for buttons.” South Hadley, Mass. ‘ ‘ « HON. PAUL ETTIC: have the opinions three representative gentlemen, each with open and shut proposition seemingly impossible reconcile with each other; yet would fish for votes must avoid offending any section the electorate. believe possible compromise the proposals Prof. Whyzis and Prof. Howzis such way that can poll the maximum votes from the ad- herents both these theories. suggest that zipper manufacture permitted for applications which not infringe the present buttonmakers’ market. injecting this prohibition clause into the per- mit may develop enormous bootleg trade zippers through that age-old human weakness which sacrificed paradise break the first prohibition law. True, the buttonmakers will eventually feel the pinch this bootleg production, but then exten- sive zipper prohibition enforcement staff will required enforce the law and could arrange that buttonmakers only could pass the Civil Service examinations for these posts. Further, this scheme will add considerably the duties all law enforc- ing agencies; without laws there can law- breakers, must keep the very expensive equipment provided for the entertainment the guests the state operation, this helps some extent relieve the unemployment situation. Mr. Lewzis: shall agree this arrangement only one condition; that suitable laws enacted compel the garmentmakers provide full crew buttons with each garment made. The board accordingly agreed first recommend that laws assuring full complement buttons passed during the present session, and that con- tingent the passing these laws limited license manufacture zippers should issued. Also that study commenced once prepare examination papers for applicants for position the zipper prohibition force. Wilmington, Del. ti Bootle ij | | BUTTO NEY mo UL The Ladies Discuss the Zipper Case board took prompt vote upon the proposal outlaw button substitutes and decided, one dissenting, promulgate the ruling. The meeting then adjourned for luncheon engagements. happened that Prof. Whyzis was speaking in- formally before his wife’s luncheon club The Influence Women Invention. His wife one those coed graduates Hillinois College who combines intellect and womanly virtue the despair all men, sharing her husband’s inmost thoughts and business, while turning the old earth with gentle hand its revolution and evolution. dur- ing the soup course she drew forth the sad story the fixity the button industry established fiat Howzis, and Lewzis and others. the pineapple salad course she had gently up- braided her husband for underestimating the time per button (the lady time setter three seats re- moved requires sec. per) and then counted his shirt, suspender, flap and underwear buttons and the number times they are operated, raising his esti- Before the second large cup coffee was finished, delegate the ‘Women Voters’ Association had been appointed urge the appointment woman upon the board. Two designers had planned dar- ing little bathing suit with startling, quick-acting button substitutes nothing flat and office wife’s “uniform” superspeed bus-catcher dress (per- mitting roll with the breakfast cup coffee). Mrs. Lewsis had drawn small organization W.M.W.’s (Working Men’s Wives), with cute little Japanese lacquered iron pipe batons (Made U.S.A.) and steel hatpins (they are quaint), for urging husbands take appropriate action toward reducing the labor women. The wives steel workers and metal workers were pleased, the others, after some slight protest which was lost the gen- eral din, agreed cooperate the cause. The Ladies’ Publicity Organization had placed upon its agenda campaign urge and demand the Button- less Era upon all and sundry. few other bits business were taken up, but your reporter missed them the introduction the speaker. fact, the transaction business was active, the ladies proceeded demonstrate the influence women inventions ways entirely overlooked the professor, that they could not recall after- wards whether his Adam’s apple oscillated vertical- horizontally, much less any his remarks. Nevertheless, they applauded him the echo, for had not given them new and uplifting idea? the next board meeting, Prof. Whyzis proposed reconsidering the button substitute proposal, very forcefully and reasonably urging his New and Re- vised Estimates Lost Time, amounting 926,- 000,000 man-hours. But Prof. Howzis objected owing the lobby Independent Button Makers, while Lewzis objected owing the demands COY voters. What succeeded was not reasonable, but quite passionate. Prof. “In that connection, gentlemen, wife—” Rest: “O-o-oh!” Whyzis: “—has organized the voters, the lobby, and labor demand button substitutes—or else! make myself clear?” Rest: move the proposal tabled!” Lewzis: “Gentlemen, matter principle, propose that petition Congress offer reward for the development button substitute. Next the noble laboring class, the inventors are the back- bone and hope our great Nation. (To himself: Enough government subsidies, union inventors with percentage such subsidies lieu other dues—). Besides, and this off the record, the Chicago police are gentle lambs compared with loving wife when mildly discuss missing but- tons and she has her baton hatpin handy.” All: “Sold.” Whyzis: “Let resolved that memorialize Congress, offer substantial reward the in- ventor button substitute, and let furnish with all pertinent data relative our serious de- liberations, not forgetting the attitude the Better Half the constituents.” Howzis: Lewzis: “It vote!” National Board for the Forecasting and Control Inventions being dedicated the proposition that industrial production should state controlled and state stabilized must accept the logical conclusion that the inventor intruder, traitor and menace the national economy. The board would therefore submit its recommen- dation that the invention the zipper prohibited. After few decisions the board would find that their efforts had completely vanquished the spirit invention and like Alexander Macedon would THE IRON AGE, September | Down With anxiously survey the horizon for other worlds conquer. New spheres activity -would readily appear within its orbit and the board would found ap- praising the possibilities residing restraint inventions already use. Professor Howzis, from his archaeological and anthropological studies, would picture for the enlightenment the board Utopia, not the future, but the past—that vast planners’ paradise which was Egypt the pyramid age. There, where the the lever were the highest mechanical powers known, stabilization was effective that unemployment was unheard of. Unspotted the black plague invention, man could serenely contemplate the prospect lifetime unremitting Canada’s approach the question has been some- what different. have borrowed from the sporting fraternity the handicap principle. Throughout the land handsome edifices have been erected sites which were excavated hand labor. Contractors have been bonused leave their steam shovels their yards and the taxpayers the Dominion are now basking the resultant sunny prosperity. This, the doctrine inadequacy, would repay close study the board. introduction the technique contained the libretto the “Mikado” where the pool shark condemned play with twisted cue and elliptical billiard balls.” No! the board cannot consider the zipper matter open proposition and must shut the gates invention mankind. Winnipeg, Canada. “To Not F.C.I. Chairman Whoozis and fellow F.C.I.-ers lugged their 879 -page report buttons-to-be-or- not-to-be into press conference last Friday. The gathered newshawks shuddered and then shouted questions. Discussions grew hot the day, and everybody sweated. Whoozis fanned and mopped but refused make condensed statement results for the press. The press reacted peculiarly and differently. The tabloids stuck pictures board members. The Times sent the entire report the composing room and added extra section Sunday’s run. The news services hurriedly condensed with relay teams, each consisting lawyers, interpreters, sum- marizers and stenographers. From the party press gleaned the fact that “F.C.I.’s successful start was evidence another presidential masterpiece.” 30—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 Party editorials. indicated that, having cleared current problems and blunders his predecessors well some errors made the nation’s fathers, the President was well the way toward clearing away all future possibilities problems. The labor sheets from coast coast stopped Labor Day solicitations long enough run victory streamers. Labor hero Lewzis was highly compli- mented for his influence upon the board decision, which labor “knows” the death blow cessation progress and progress labor’s expense. The opposition press with few exceptions con- tinued their great interest the American League pennant race. The exceptions printed eyebrow rais- ing headlines about the probable cost the F.C.I. recommendations. The mass noted the possibility the financial sections new stock issues and new governmental bond printings direct result. Editorially they either argued the pros and cons huckleberries and blueberries gave pointless dis- sertions the history American inventions. reality, the F.C.I. report, according keen minded analysts, compromise. Prof. Whyzis, New Deal leisure time expert, favored the displace- ment buttons save 57,500,000 man hours per year. Planned economy sponsor Howzis foresaw the increase unemployment button ment was allowed. Labor Leader Lewzis pleaded for labor’s continued activity button manufacturing. Lesser opinions from economic study groups, execu- tives button fabricating, thread making, and scis- sor grinding factories, American Inventors Congress, Bureau Fisheries subcommittee clam digging and baking, and several others made the balance the testimony. From this, F.C.I. recommends: the button business put under the “primitive crafts” division W.P.A. with the first lady admin- istrator and sum, recommended the President, appropriated Congress maintain employment among button makers; 2—That another sum, also recommended the the American Inventors Congress the inventor who discovers and perfects labor saving device eliminate the necessity buttons; private capital given the perfected invention royalty basis manufacture, but that the royalty terms include the stipulation that labor council set terms employment such working conditions, wages, production quotas, and bonuses; 4—That W.P.A. officials immediately set the O.L.T. (occupation leisure time) department work figuring out ways and means disposing the 57,500,000 free man hours saved the invention 5—That new bureau established maintain the relative positions the button business and buttonless business and the same time see that labor, Bureau Fisheries, and other related bureaus, agencies, and groups receive their due portions the executive authority and responsibility. The secretary the President later press conference refused comment the F.C.I. report beyond saying, “The President has kept close con- tact with the F.C.I. activities and approves the recommendations made.” Other sources informa- tion, whispered close-ins, indicate that the President will bring explanation F.C.I. the nation seaside talk soon ready name the sum required complete F.C.I.’s plan for giving the nation button substitute. Grand Rapids, Mich. J iy i 1 i ti | hei ] — { > 2 i 5 qi ] | LOCAL 176 W UNION BUTTON RESEARCH COMMITTE More Research Complying with your editorial request page THE IRON AGE, Aug. 1937, issue, sub- mitting below condensed resume the closing de- vice controversy. The reason for submitting this condensed version that the full report (weighing over pounds) would probably too burdensome for you deal with: The board, after duly hearing presented evidence, decided appoint committee investigate the entire status the button industry with the resul- tant procedure: The Committee duly organized and prepared its plans which resulted first request the Board for ap- propriation $50,000 which, due course, was author- ized and made available. the end six months, further appropriation $100,000 was authorized and the end the year, the Button Industry Investigating Committee had established research offices fourteen important centers the country. carry its work for the second year, appropriation $500,000 was requested and granted and Investigating Agencies and Field Staffs were established one hundred localities the United States and fourteen different foreign coun- tries. For the third year, its staff totaled 14,000 people; clerks, investigators, attorneys, field men, foreign ad- visors, etc., with payroll several million dollars. the end the third year, submitted formal report the National Board, covering its researches into all the angles pertaining manufacturer the finished products; the materials used; bone, synthetic molding compound, ivory, etc., etc., with all the ramifications incident the effect harm that might result our foreign trade and foreign relations the event dis- continued imports certain raw materials used the Button industry. further developed its report that its work had resulted the employment approxi- mately per cent more people the industry, made necessary the data acquired daily from each industry and the further statement that believed further neces- sary regulations would generally increase personnel re- quired. Its concluding recommendation was that rather than the Board issue definite decision that authorize the Committee and its National and International Staff made permanent institution, pointing out that with its large personnel was political factor and that further, all its members had become affiliated with the National Union for Investigations, who, the event any disband- ment its unit, would cast its political weight its favor. The Board formally accepted the report and give its informal decision, decided that the event any closing device other than button came before for con- sideration, was strong position refer the matter this Button Committee Organization with its staff, who can then make investigation and report them, that they would able render intelligent decision. Incidentally, they highly commended the Committee its extensive work and the large organization had been able state that this Button Committee appointed the Board had been followed the appointment ten other Com- mittees that had grown into International organizations, investigating other similar questions. further unofficial information, two the mem- bers the National Board had resigned their offices take higher paid positions with these Investigating Com- mittees. Signed, WOLFF, Secretary the Recording Sec., National Board for the Forecasting and Control Inventions. OUTH AMERICAN manufacturers are turning stain- less steel and enameling iron give retailers “new things under the This electric range product Ennis Williamson Co., Buenos Aires, Argentina. The surface metal Armco 18-8 stainless steel. The novel striped effect achieved with polishing and buffing equipment the man- ufacturer's plant. Panels gage stainless, No. finish, are stamped produce uniform ridges the metal. The protruding parts are polished lustrous No. finish, while the indentions retain their original dull finish. The simple operation provides marked contrast. All trim jet black enamel. red plastic material usod for the switch buttons. THE IRON AGE, September Safe Ending Locomotive VERY little written during the last few the changes methods safe ending locomotive boiler flues and superheater tubes. word explanation may well order, therefore, for those not familiar with the problems that locomotive boiler makers and main- tenance men have face. When locomotive service the flues and tubes oxidize and pit rapidly, due impurities the ‘water used, well certain other actions due contraction and ex- pansion metals when unequally heated. This scoring and pitting action most violent the flues and tubes their junction with the front and rear heads the boiler, and necessary occa- sionally remove the flues and tubes from the boiler and “safe end” them. some districts this has done often every eight months, while other sec- tions, where the feed water purer, the tubes will last from months three years without at- tention. cutting off the weakened ends and adding new piece from in. long one end, the flues tubes can again re- assembled the boiler and used for another period, when again necessary repeat the same oper- ation. This known “safe end- ing” and applies both flues and superheater tubes, the new piece added being known “safe end” Former Practice Until recent years was the custom heat the ends the old and new pieces gas oil fur- nace, swage down the end the old flue, expand the end the new piece added, then force the new end over the old flue the manner scarf joint, and weld the pieces together means pneumatic hammer. The rejected imperfect welds sometimes ran high per cent flues welded the furnace and forge process. Furthermcre, the produc- tion was limited small number flues per hour for two men. 1912 the Norfolk Western Railroad installed electric welder for this class work, fol- lowed few years the Nash- ville, Chattanooga St. Louis Railroad, and few others. Within the last dozen years more than half the railroads the United States and Canada have installed resistance welders their mainte- nance departments. Some large roads, such the New York Cen- Work Mill Emery Grinder for Rattled Flues flue welding shop using electric welder. Two welders may used making another line work down the other half the same room. The arrows indicate the travel work completion. 32—THE IRON AGE, September 1937 tral, and the Santa have eight flue welders their various shops. first the railroad shops was urged scarf the ends the flues and safe ends fore attempting make electric welds. Also, they were cautioned machine the pieces very accu- rately, obtain practically perfect contact before attempting weld. But even this order has changed with the advent better flue welders, and now found that not necessary scarf the ends the flues safe ends; lathe machine work, because the better clamping devices, dies and more uniform distribution the current the wor.k The flues may either sawed cut ordinary disk cutter pipe mill. The latest type flue welder burns off about in. from the end each piece the work, that in- equalities surface are this way eliminated. But very essential have properly de- signed,