The Iron Age 1937-07-08: Vol 140 Iss 2

be ty at to} Vv linive Pit ren LIBRARY UNIVERSITY Such Time This: who value the Loyalty Friends And Patrons Maintain the (1.) Quality Products (2.) Service GAL (3.) Delivery Promised and Agreed. ETS ROOFIN ROD Greater Efficiency and Increased large measure, the wants our many loyal friends from the Atlantic Seaboard the Pacific Coast. Sales Offices Principal Cities PITTSBURGH, OFFICE 2244 OLIVER BLDG. MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS APOLLO, PENNA. AG-ENG Better because This modern combined miné skip and hoisting cage better because it's alloy steel! Made high-tensile mild-alloy steel containing manga- nese and silicon, weighs per cent less than the steel lift replaces. This enables the mine operate 800 feet below its present floor without overloading its hoisting machinery. thousands other applications, the extra strength alloy steels decreases dead weight, increases pay load, lowers maintenance, and lengthens life. you want give your equipment product this extra value, investigate the possi- bilities alloy steels. Electromet, through thirty years’ practical ex- perience with ferro-alloys and alloy steels, can give you unbiased help selecting the right alloy steel for your purpose. Electromet not manu- facturer alloy steels, and favors one producer product. Avail yourself this service. You may profit and will not obligate yourself. Write for further information. METALLURGICAL Unit Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation Ferro-Alloys 2—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 THE IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON CO. (INC.). Publication Office, Chestnut 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Editorial and Executive Offices, 239 39th New York, second class matter November 1932, the Philadelphia under Act March year S., $8.50, Foreign $12.00. Vol. 140, No. all very well have one lot steel through your forge shop successfully. quite another matter put that operation mass-production basis and get steel all which will through smoothly. Strict uniformity through heat after heat most important factor forg- ing steels. Analysis must specified, course, but this does not cover all properties affecting forging. Steel must clean, must have uniform grain struc- ture, must uniformly ductile forging heat—properties which are not con- trolled analysis alone. VisControlled steel, made under Beth- lehem’s exclusive control system, ex- cellent for mass-production forgings because these factors can’t help but uniform, one heat ‘after another. The VisControl process largely removes vari- ables from open-hearth furnace condi- tions—composition slag, oxidation molten-steel bath, and other technical considerations affecting the nature the steel. The uniformity VisControlled forg- ing steels will better your production changes when starting new heat; will cut losses; will bring saving time and material. Practically all lehem steels are now made under Vis- Control. Callina Bethlehem metallurgist. will apply this new control method tothe making the steel best suited your you are all set for long run. THE AGE, July schedules—you have make any DESIGNERS BUILDERS STEEL AND NONFERROUS INDUSTRIES 4—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 cal MPANY 7 ; | ¢ BETWEEN GRINDS RED RIOR Accuracy and uninterrupted service are expected when Red Cut Superior used Acme thread, one turn each cutting ten lineal feet per grind. Cutter revolves the rate 210 Each screw has ten turns diameter. Also; Thread- Trimmers, Nut chines, Rod, Wire, Sheet WATERBURY FARREL FOUNDRY ano MACHINE COMPANY WATERBURY, CLEVELAND CHICAGO NEWARK, IRON AGE, July 1937 i Ae - we: © Goodrich Sewer Ends Leaks Waste Acid Lines Saves money speeds production lasts for years TOP leaks your acid disposal lines—end them not for days but for years. You can with Good- rich sewer, designed experienced engineers that the acid never touches anything but pure rubber which cannot harm. Goodrich sewers are made steel pipe, lined with rubber the insepa- rable Vulcalock bond. Rubber brought around the pipe ends that metal exposed the flowing acid. intervals the sewer special Good- rich expansion joints are used, each pansion the pipe. Disposal waste acid has until now been costly nuisance. Leaks were in- evitable, that dangerous acid pud- were frequent, building founda- tions were undermined, costly repairs were often necessary. making leaks impossible, Goodrich sewers stop all this expense, end danger workers from acid, save money now spent repairs, make your operation more modern and efficient, stop the un- pleasant nuisance acid fumes and unsightly puddles. Study the Goodrich sewer and your experience will quickly show you its advantages. Goodrich sewers have been use Youngstown Sheet and Tube for year and Inland Steel and other plants for more than two years, and not single leak has ever occurred, not penny has been needed for sewer repairs. Goodrich engineers have specialized acid handling operations for many years. They talk your production-at- a-profit language. Their experience yours for the asking. Next time you repair install acid handling equip- ment, specify Goodrich and save money. The Goodrich Com- pany, Mechanical Rubber Goods Divi- sion, Akron, Ohio. (In Cana- dian Goodrich Company, Ltd., Kitch- ener, Ontario. THE IRON AGE, July 4 3 - | 4 4 | | | | | { = INDUSTRIAL CARS like this, when constructed USS High Tensile and MAN-TEN, have the extra strength that means longer life under the impact heavy stone. Such cars not only weigh less than those built weight while still steel which resist abra- sion. MAN-TEN steel has given entire $25 DAY SAVING COSTS. This trailer frame, built USS High Steel, weighs 11,000 pounds, 25% less ordinary structural steel. Its ability haul heavier and longer loads into places reduced hauling costs enough pay for its | q | ; > 4 Freed from the Drag Weight Equipment built these stronger steels shoulders industry’s loads lower cost weight does work but you pay for just the same. increases power bills, raises maintenance costs, slows production, limits capacity. has place modern machinery. Weight does not necessarily mean strength. The new, light-weight construction with USS Cor-Ten, Man-Ten, and other High Tensile Steels eliminates every unneces- sary pound without loss strength, safety endurance. Thus possible build industrial equipment much 30% lighter with equal capacity. This large weight reduction means greater output because lighter equipment works faster, hauls more loads per hour, with smaller motors and less power. The increased toughness and higher resistance abra- sion these superior steels step service life and keep replacement costs low. Cor-Ten has four six times the atmospheric corrosion resistance ordinary structural grades. and construction give more strength per pound, greater all-round all the money- saving advantages. Now, with the price these steels closer than ever that ordinary steel—the last obstacle their general use removed. You can find out how much dead weight can elimi- nated from your equipment and what will cost getting touch with our engineers. Send your draw- ings. will glad assist you. HIGH TENSILE AMERICAN STEEL WIRE COMPANY, Cleveland, Chicago, and New York CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION, Pittsburgh and COLUMBIA STEEL COMPANY, Francisco NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, Pittsburgh TENNESSEE COAL, IRON RAILROAD COMPANY, United States Products Company, New York, Export Distributors 4 j NATION PAYS TRIBUTE GREAT ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENT CABLES SPUN With the entire United States battle fleet riding San great harbor, the mighty Golden Gate Bridge was formally dedicated and opened traffic May 28, 1937. erecting the cables for the Golden Gate Bridge months and days, Roebling spun 80,000 miles Roebling wire (as much 1,000 miles per day, tons per hour)... and created all-time speed record! Other Roebling Products used the bridge connection with its erection, include, part, over miles dia- meter wire rope suspenders, 808 tons erection ropes, 1,250,000 feet (237 miles) electric light, power, and signal wire, and 90,000 square feet woven steel wire fabric. John Sons Co., Trenton, New Jersey. Branches Principal Cities. ROEBLING MELDING 4 ¥ WIRE FABRIC ea 4 Ay rs | : | ‘facture and application wire products. batter wants the ball right down his groove because knows the kind can hit for home run. Remember this when you choose materials for manufacturing your products. Get only materials that are right your Take wire, for example. are equipped make any type, size grade wire which your production may require. When you specify American Quality Wire “put exactly the way you want it. Only when you use the one wire that will the best job for you, Can you get maximum efficiency product performance with minimum production costs. Let help you studying your production problems determine which wire best suited give efficiency and dependability low cost. Then let show you that can provide that wire high quality that strictly uniform. Our engineers know wire production and understand the requirements eco- nomical and dependable wire performance. Through their service you can take advan- tage our long experience the manu- AMERICAN QUALITY WIRE regularly and carefully tested for uniformity those characteristics for best performance your product. THESE COILS American Quality wire, made plants experienced workmen, have behind their high quelity the experience more than hundred years wire-making and testing AMERICAN QUALITY WIRE AMERICAN STEEL Cleveland, Chicago, and New York WIRE COMPANY Columbia Steel Company, San Francisco, Pacific Coast United States Steel Products Company, New York, AY necks that used get block grease, but which are now piped for central pressure system, nothing satisfactory Texmill Greases. Made from the finest ingredients, including very heavy-bodied lubricating oil, plus the correct proportion graphite, they have proved their right first place roll-neck lubrication. These highly specialized Texaco greases are soft, pumpable, adhe- sive, heat and water resisting, yet exceptionally high film strength. One the country’s largest pipe mills uses Texmill Greases through- out its plant... has for several years. Trained lubrication engineers are tion and application Texaco Petro- leum Products. Prompt deliveries as- sured through 2020 warehouse plants throughout the The Texas Com- pany, 135 East 42nd Street, New York. available for consultation the selec- 4 tion from 300 25, melting from 200 220 degrees are always glad work with users special problems meet and master. Our vast experience your service. THE IRON AGE, July Texmill Greases come different grades, containing from 5.5% 27.0% penetra- Wherever you place for STEEL start with conditioning, engineered heating and modern, shining household appliances all have contributed revolutionize the part the basement plays in.modern living. And this transformation Weirton again played important part. Manufacturers furniture, fixtures and home appliances—have learned that Weirton Strip and Sheets give them splendid medium for combining beauty with utility well product that will stand the punishment demanded the most severe draw. Manufacturers, the hundreds, are ing Weirton Steel efficient aid the economical production which present-day conditions demand. “Wherever YOU look—there’s place for Weirton Made serve your needs, and maintain YOUR standards quality. WEIRTON STEEL COMPANY, WEIRTON, WEST VIRGINIA District Orrices: Boston, 1001 Statler Office Bldg.; Chicago, 228 North Street; Cincinnati, 2606 Carew Tower; Cleveland, 1217 Leader Bldg.; Detroit, 11-210 General Motors Bldg.; New York, 500 Fifth Avenue; Philadelphia, 1462 Broad Station Bldg.; Pittsburgh, 2800 Grant Bldg.; Rochester, Exchange Street; Francisco, Sharon Toronto, General Assurance 357 Bay Street NATIONAL 16—THE IRON AGE, July 1987 | | | | i 3 | | | These illustrations washing machine parts again show the adaptability Weirton Steel. Sheets are helping THE IRON AGE, July STEEL CORPORATION the sheet metal industry develop the new RES pre > — — 4 — CARPENTE Surprising how many production men have told lately about Stainless Steel jobs that had them completely Carpenter they conclude. There’s something about the ring satisfaction man’s voice when says it, that leaves doubt about the result. course, don’t score home run every time, but from what the men the shop tell us, our batting average stays consistently high. There are still some men who feel that all Stainless Steels are alike. Dif- ficult jobs like the one shown, dem- onstrate that there difference —and that some Stainless Steels STA are easier fabricate than others. You may have run into the sort trouble that occurred the punch and deep draw job pictured. was solved Carpenter Stainless No. There grade Carpenter Stainless Steel meet every requirement and Carpenter representatives are equipped knowledge and ex- perience cooperate with you overcoming trouble. Would you like copy book that will give you lot valuable infor- mation fabricating Stainless Steel Write for copy ““Working Data and Technical Facts Stainless The Carpenter Steel Co. READING, PENNA. : 4 ff 4 | RE, 5 : Accuracy Reduces Waste Time And Wear Equipment BAIRD AUTOMATIC HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MUL- TIPLE SPINDLE CHUCKING MACHINES are built accurately stay accurate. Automatic controls. Non-productive time less than seconds the horizontal. The BAIRD AUTOMATIC MULTIPLE SPINDLE INTERNAL INDEXING GRINDER HERE SHOWN not oniy automatically dresses and sizes the wheels but this auto- matic dressing and sizing done for each wheel independently the other wheels. The wear the roughing wheels course greater than the wear the finer grinding polishing wheels. the BAIRD each wheel dressed according its need only that renewal grinding wheels reduced minimum. This effects savings wheels well the time lost for changing wheels addition the saving the grinding operations for which the machine designed. These two machines illustrate the kind savings effected BAIRD LABOR SAVING EQUIPMENT. The degree accuracy which machine built limits its power effecting savings well limiting its usefulness. this factor therefore, BAIRD engi- neers have paid particular attention and BAIRD machines are not only built fine degree accuracy but pro- vision made maintain it. For instance, being able produce work close limits the BAIRD AUTOMATIC MULTIPLE SPINDLE LATHES means that little has left for grinding thus reducing the time required for grinding and reducing the wear the equipment. BAIRD AUTOMATIC MULTIPLE TERNAL GRINDERS. well Ver- tical. Built fine degree accuracy. “ASK BAIRD ABOUT IT" BAIRD MACHINE COMPANY 20—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 i ] | ‘ | | | | | ; 7 ™ ELIMINATING PICKLING COSTS many plants where normal pickling costs exist, this type furnace will pay for itself the first year the elimination pickling costs process and finish annealing treatments. even greater importance the fact that this furnace provides accurate con- trol quality and uniformity the product. This turn assures improve- ment the drawing operation. All these production demands this furnace be- ing pushed its limit and successfully annealing high 9500 pounds per hour. Bright annealing and the elimination pickling this direct-fired furnace made possible the use extrane- ous atmosphere which the work heated and cooled. properly regulat- ing cooling solution, bright tubing produced free from water stain and discoloration. Surface Combustion engineers will design furnace for your special re- quirements. Ask for the booklet ever Heat Used will give you idea engineering perience building modern heat treat- ing equipment. SURFACE COMBUSTION CORPORATION, Builders ATMOSPHERE FURNACES factors have direct bearing the reduc- tion over all production costs. The furnace illustrated used bright anneal copper tubing straight lenghts and coils. Designed for process anneal- ing the rate 6100 pounds per hour, this furnace handling the entire pro- duction the plant. Due increased a 4 } 4 4 B BUILDER BETTER WELDING ELECTRODES ALL ANALYSES 22—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 a ” Pouring bot metal Inland open hearth Today Inland’s product not but For every heat that passes through the mill checked definite specifications. Elements are added; processes are altered. The customer finds that through Inland’s well co-ordi- nated organization able get better steel for his particular purpose. much may saved securing steel exactly suited your particular needs —that urge you take advantage Inland metallurgical cooperation. TIN PLATE PLATES STRUCTURALS PILING RAILS AND ACCESSORIES INLAND STEEL COMPANY General Offices: So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Offices in: Lovis— St. Paul — = . Automotive Equipment Air Brakes Anti Rattlers Auto Bodies Brakes Brake Bands Brake Rods Brake Shoes Carburetors Clutch Curtains Generators Grease Cups Head Lights Hood Hooks Horns Ignitions Mufflers Odometers Oil Cups Shock Absorbers Speedometers Starters Stop Lights Tail Lights Timers Tire Connections Transmissions Valves Windows Aviation Aeronautical Equipment Antennae Reels Brakes Carburetors Clutch Fuel Pumps Ignitions Oleo Strut Shock Absorbers Parachutes Push Rods Starting Equipment Super Chargers Tail Skids Valves Variable Speed Propellors Diesel Equipment developed development Electrical Appliances Brushes Cords Curling Irons Curling Iron Holders Electric Light Sockets Electric Light Switches Electric Light Switch Washers Heaters Irons Motors Pneumatic Tools Pneumatic Tool Clips Telephones Toasters Vacuum Cleaners Vibrators Washing Machines Chairs Desk Bread Machinery Can Opening Machines Drills Drill Presses Floor Surfacing Machines Knitting Machinery Moving Machines Shoe Machinery Miscellaneous Berths Bicycles Bicycle Bells Bicycle Brakes Bicycle Pants Guards Bracelets Cameras Cars Car Windows Cigarette Cases Clocks Door Checks Elevators 24—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 Heat Regulators Exercisers Musical Instruments Fire Extinguishers Horns Gas Cocks Gas Engines Gas Heater Washers Pianos Player Pianos Saxophones overnors Traps uns Hair Curlers Cabinets and Files Cash Registers Protectors Comptometers Dictaphones Drawing Instruments Envelope Sealers Loose Leaf Books Mailing Machines Numbering Machines Stamp Affixers Instruments Time Recorders Sewing Machines Shade Rollers Shears Radio Spray Guns Battery Clip Parts Steam Pumps Binding Posts Stethoscopes Jacks Surgical Instruments Suspenders Springs Taximeters Spring Washers Ticket Punches Stampings Toys Trolleys Trolley Catchers Textile Machinery Bobbin Rings Truss Attachments Card Repeaters Vibrators Dobbies Window Head Motions Window Screens Looms Window Screen Lifts Lubrication Window Shades Picker Sticks Wrenches Reversing Mechanisms Wrench Washers Shuttles ice Appliances umps Staplers —_ SPRINGMAKERS FOR MORE THAN THREE QUARTERS CENTURY HEAT TREATING EQUIPMENT cas. ALL STANDARD SPECIAL DEPARTMENT FOR ORDERS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FRITZ FRANK President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Bditor Metallurgical Editor Editors MACMILLAN JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Washington Editor Resident District Editers Pittsburgh Chicage Cleveland Detroit Editorial Correspondents London, England Cincinnati FRAZAR Boston Hamburg, Germany Milwaukee San Francisco SANDERSON Asa JR. Toronto, Ontario Birmingham Newark, St. Lowis TURNER Buffalo Owned and Published CHILTON COMPANY Publication Offices Editorial and Chestnut and 56th Sts., Offices Philadelphia, Pa. 239 West 39th St., New York, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1937 FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President GEORGE GRIFFITHS, Machine Tapers Standardized WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR Portlahd Cement Binder for Foundry Machine Housing Welded Close Limits ............ Society for Testing Materials Statistics Metal Working Activity oe enera ver ng anager ee . DIX, Manager Reader Service Rate Activity Capital Goods ndex n e Industria rts Index. * Price: tates and Pos- Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying ............... 128 ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Cleveland New Industrial Literature 129 B. L. , Bidg., Ch 56th H. K. Hottensiein, 802 Otis Bidg., Chicago Peirce Lewis. 7316 Woodward Ave., Detroit W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh Warren, Box 81, Hartford, Conn Copyright 1937 Chilton Company ontents Photo Courtesy Union Pacific Railroad 26—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 os | JULY 1937 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 140, No. Fear Psychology RESIDENT ROOSEVELT hit the nail squarely the head when told us, during the depth depression that the thing have However, that statement could qualified, advantage, with respect the causes fear. Fear makes the superstitious darky take two mile detour home after sundown rather than take the direct one mile route past the graveyard. And fear makes the father and mother hurry call the doctor when their child has serious fever. the one case fear unwise and unnecessary because its cause imaginary one. the other case, fear part wisdom and the lack would stamp one foolish. Fear was work among during the depression and work among to- day. But not the same kind fear. During the depression feared the unknown. Today know what fear. Imaginary fears can removed fireside radio talks, but fears based real causes require more than words. Fear work today and hurting business just badly the fear the un- known and the imaginary hurt during the darkest days the depression. Perhaps more so. not fear government that bothering the employer and the great majority independent labor today. fear dictatorship non- workers who are out the workers. not much the loss wages and profits plants closed strikes that hurting business today the intersecting and extending concentric circles fear which spread out from them. affecting the employer who has been planning plant extensions improvements that would normally increase the number people em- ployed and which have now been postponed until can tell whether mob rule law and order are going run this country. But more serious than this has been the effect upon the hundreds thousands workers plants not yet visited the Lewis strong arm gang. expectation his coming and view what has meant elsewhere time and wages lost, intelli- gent labor has put rubber band its pocket book. curtailing expenditures the limit preparation for troublesome times ahead. Today, industry living primarily its backlogs. New business has been steadily decreasing most the past three four weeks. Troublesome times are ahead for all and less employment for labor unless Washington recovers its tra- ditional American intestinal fortitude. “ CONSOLIDATE profit sharing with permanent saving for retirement security. practical formula which fits Amer- ica’s present day industrial and social problems. one which has been actual use for over years. plan which effectively meets the stipulations set forth the result extensive re- search undertaking whereby work- ers were contacted more than 300 representative industrial plants states. What the sentiment Amer- ican workers? Research discloses that per cent workers oppose strikes. Wages and hours are de- finitely not paramount the em- ployee’s thought grievances. Only per cent mention the for- mer and but per cent the latter. Predominant, however, the desire and demand for profit sharing participation earnings. Most workers express the belief that the basic values life, liberty and happiness can better main- tained economy private enterprise, but express strong re- sentment being classed com- modity. Statements that workers are rising masse and demanding unionization are wholly unfounded. Workers are herded into unions be- cause the employer does little, anything, counteract the claims, promises and arguments organ- izers. They join unions when union leaders make demonstrations power which awe and impress them threat and pressure make uncomfortable for them hold out against unionization. Good per- sonnel policies have been nullified and counteracted arrogant, tem- 28—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 peramental minor-rank supervisors and foremen who offend employees through arbitrary orders, fits tempers, officiousness, favoritism and other offensive tactics. Four Conclusions From the array evidence sub- mitted there can drawn four conclusions for careful considera- tion employers: Union organizers have little influence and play unimportant roles unless the workers are pre- judiced against the concerns that employ them. Employee morale and resist- ance outside influence weak- ened principally the futility the future, fear old age with its danger dismissal and its threat poverty. true “old friends are best,” old employees long service are real defensive asset for they have ‘held the line’ against outbreaks and strikes many plants. There should premium long service rather than penalty. Corporations should give em- phasis and devote headlines wages paid, rather than profits their publicity annual re- ports. Are pensions the answer the problem? Corporation preference for types pension plans fairly well indicated the results research conducted the National Industrial Conference Board. About 2450 companies varied size and diversified industry report- personnel activities. this number, 897, 36.6 per cent, em- ploying 3,168,882, reported having pension plans, which 253, 10.3 per cent, employing 1,996,052, were using the “formal” “contribu- tory” type plan and 580, 23.7 per cent, employing 1,071,683, were operating the “informal” “non- contributory” plan, and 64, 2.6 per cent, employing 101,147, were using varied form not reported. The “contributory” plan more generally used the larger em- ployers labor. Plans are varied, conditions which they apply are diversified and the purpose for which they are intended are often coordinated e * That Has ° c ° EVANS Evans Associates, Chicago ° ° other personnel practices that condemn this that plan would folly. fact, there exist situa- tions where the poorest plan working with complete satisfaction and harmony, but such cases not the plan which gets the re- sults but the personal relationship established and maintained between employer and employee. Pensions Regarded Charity Too many employees regard pension charity—and how else can they view the non-contributory pension plan? generally grant- and announced with patroniz- ing gesture. Furthermore, that type pension, not bound and seal- with contractual relations nor participated the employee with his own contributions, too uncertain. Pension plans not them- selves furnish the allure the challenge upon the imagination the employee being sufficient reward for life-time labor. The pension lacks isn’t the pot gold the end the rain- appreciation and accepted more “better than nothin” spirit. “deferred wage” the undercur- rent reaction “put the pay check now.” These facts lead the observa- tion that the pension plan itself minate labor trouble this day. However, unless better provision for financial protection the em- ployee can evolved, one would want see pension plans aban- doned. Admitting the superior ad- vantages annuities, the be- lief that because the dilution personal relationship between em- ployer and employee and the con- sequent transfer dependence the employee from the employer the insurance company, coupled with the inadequacy annuity payments after retirement, even the annuity plan will not suffice hold the line the face present trends, demands and philosophies Welfare programs call forth the highest commendation. These ac- tivities, within reasonable bounds, are necessary and under any gen- eral program must carried certain limits. Any phase personnel work which helps create more friendly feeling between management and employee cannot help but value the organization. But wel- fare programs cannot hold the line crises. Wage Incentives Panacea Thoughtful employers longer consider wage incentive plans any degree panacea for labor ills. Such plans fail satisfy the work- today whose eyes are cast far into the future and whose worry not wage but age. Last year saw industrial em- ployees enjoy the biggest bonuses ever known. But the sum and sub- stance was that industry re- ceived very little credit for the gesture, for the politicians took their share telling the workers that their surplus tax law forced the money out, and the labor lead- ers told them that their demands compelled the payments and that “you should have had before, only what you have been entitled to, and propose shall keep coming you.” Expressions employees far and wide indicate that with this rain checks accompanying the daily press ballyhoo record earnings, huge profits and extra dividends, the employees feel that they only had share what they were en- titled and that with this “taste blood” there will constantly recurring demands for more. The results industry were nil. Profit sharing generally two types: the “limited” plan restrict- THE IRON AGE, July ing participation small group, usually executives and certain long service employees; and the “un- plan which admits eligibility practically all employees with some qualifications such length service. third type which might termed the “un- limited contributory” plan has ap- peared after long period test and experience which presents most unusual features stability, sound- ness and general satisfaction. The prevailing weakness programs for the financial benefit em- ployees the almost universal ab- sence provision for conserving enforcing accumulation funds granted paid workers re- wards, bonuses sharing earn- ings. The practical formula for the solution labor troubles must pro- vide for enforced accumulation which turn will provide perma- nent and substantial social secur- ity. Industry must learn per- sonalize and humanize itself the eyes the public. that first the eyes your employees, the rest will not difficult. The foregoing leads practical employee-relations formula which simple, has been proved efficient, the weapon which industry can defeat collectivism and social- ism; and, accomplishes the ob- jectives many policies one plan. Profit-Sharing Retirement Fund Contributions: employees the amount per cent their wages salary, not exceeding $200 per year, and payments the cor- poration not less than per cent its net earnings, but with the proviso that case shall the corporation contribution exceed four times the amount paid employees. Service: Two three years (op- tional) required for membership and participation, and compulsory after such period service. Retirement Age: Sixty years when permitted disability. Fund Investment: That portion fund contributed employees must subject state law regu- lating investment trust funds; portion contributed corporation invested the discretion trustee and advisory board. Control Fund: trustee (ex- ecutive officer corporation) and 30—THE AGE, July 1937 advisory board consisting the trustee and four other members, two elected the employees and two. selected the corporation. Dismissal Employees: em- ployee, member the fund, dismissed from service, shall have the right appeal the advisory board, four-fifths vote which required sustain the dismissal. Dismissal Voluntary With- drawal Credit: employee voluntarily withdraws dis- charged from service, should paid every dollar has paid in, plus accumulated interest record, together with 40, per cent (optional) the corporation con- tribution, credited his account, plus accumulated interest record remainder the corporation credit revert the fund for credit remaining members. Integrity Fund: Provision must made maintain the fund independent the solvency per- manence the corporation and un- assailable from attack creditors either the corporation the employee. Assignment interest must made impossible. Payments Credits: Must regularly and published regularly the membership, and above all, must maintained the truest sense extra re- ward. Life Insurance: Covering first six seven years membership the profit sharing fund, the death payment decreasing each year inverse ratio the increased credits the fund. This in- sure reasonable security and pro- tection the worker during the early period his accumulations. Premiums deducted from corpora- tion contribution. Health and Accident Insurance: provide protection against. sick- ness, hospital expense, medical care. provision highly appreciated and moderate cost the corporation. Fills the one gap fear and in- security event incapacity work. nothing prevents the em- ployee from working, the profit- sharing fund removes all other fears and worries. Administration and Human Rela- tions Program: The success any financial employee-relations pro- gram dependent upon the per- sonal element its administration. matter how sound and beneficial plan may its mechanical structure, its engineering must the care those who are (1) humanly sympathetic its ob- jectives, (2) conscientious its responsibilities, and (3) empower- with responsibility and equipped with ability for the investment and protection funds, consultation with employees and friendly ad- visory service. better that plan program installed, the “human engineering” care ad- ministration omitted not given first consideration. Plan Easily Understood The above plan simple and easily understood the worker who able calculate with rea- sonable accuracy the steady devel- opment his behalf. Young, unattached men and wo- men, with long future, with minor responsibilities and commitments, require extraordinarily positive stimuli; that is, the challenge big reward the end the work- ing age, appeal the imagina- tion the career-building motive. Under the above plan the older em- ployee becomes the tutor the young the importance the future. “fortune sixty” the key idea the mind the employee. $25 per week worker, after years employment, would the age 60, receive approximately $30,- 000 based the experience the company which originated the plan. died his 59th year his family would get this entire sum. lived past has the op- leaving his accumulation with the company six per cent, receive $150 per month the re- mainder his life, his family estate receiving the $30,000 event his death. The employee-member has fear unjust discharge. Should discharged, has the right appeal the advisory commit- tee and the discharge not sus- tained four-fifths vote, the q q q — member must reinstated, and must remembered that two the five are fellow workers. The employee saved from his own weaknesses, dissipating his savings, which accumulate with in- creasing volume under the stimulus compound interest plus credits resulting from discharged with- drawing members. Although the purpose keep the fund inviolate and intact, the advisory committee has discretion- ary power, with the consent the trustee, make loans employees under extenuating circumstances and emergencies. Herein lie the op- portunities for efficient human en- gineering. The company which originated the above plan has conducted this “Profit Sharing Savings Retire- ment” policy for over years, and has never had labor trouble. This company finds that the plan has the following advantages Promotes individual employee efficiency stimulating hope and ambition. De- velops general efficiency all em- ployees sustaning group interest and responsibility. Prevents labor unrest and conflict. Reduces labor turnover, attractive reward for continued, faithful service. Pre- vents waste and losses usually due carelessness and discontent. Pro- motes effective management. Cre- ates and builds market for com- pany securities, and, provides hu- manitarian benefits and security. effect, this plan en- compasses pension system, sav- ings plan, retirement fund, in- centive wage plans, bonus system, annuity plan, and possibly merit system. creates capitalists from the workers, completely changing their thinking and at- titude toward the industrial system. makes workers part the profit system and their partici- pation transforms their sentiment from one antagonism that acceptance and defense. consti- tutes genuine recognition labor partner the industrial part- nership. supplies that factor missing practically all other plans—that cohesive element that impels the employee stick. Plan Can Adapted Any Company The corporation pioneering this profit sharing plan, produces prod- ucts having patent protection and operated national field wide-open competition, without spe- cial privileges trade advantages any kind. Companies paying the going prevailing wage scales their industry their community will, using this plan, experience bickering bargaining for in- creased wages for the reason that the employee fully aware that his wages are par with standard rates besides being deeply conscious profits far outweighing and sub- ordinating the customary issue wage increases. Any business, manufacturing industrial institution having record successful cperation and sustained earnings would appear qualified adopt the plan with definite value itself and great benefit its employee group. Either established record earnings some special financial arrangements should the basis for fortifying the employees against collapse and disappointment. This plan wholly independent union labor connections attitudes, being neutral program having relation effect upon open closed shop Measures Nickel Coatings Magnet local thickness electro- plated nickel coating non- magnetic base metal may mea- sured the force attraction small permanent magnet, the at- tractive force being determined with simple spring balance, ac- cording Abner Brenner, the National Bureau Standards, who discusses the entire subject detail paper numbered this paper, pointed out that the attractions small per- manent magnet for nickel coatings nonmagnetic base metals are proportional their thicknesses, about 0.025 mm. (0.001 in.). The magnetic method can quick- applied nickel coatings de- posited nonferrous metals under fairly uniform conditions, provided that the instrument has been cali- brated against similar nickel coat- ings known thickness. nickel coatings unknown history have been annealed 400 deg. (750 deg. their thick- ness may measured ly, provided constant for annealed coatings used. Each per cent iron nickel deposit introduces the thickness measurements, and each per cent cobalt error about per cent. plane surfaces the magnetic measurement yields correct results the diameter the area tested least five times the diameter the magnet. Measurements closer edge corner than about twice the diameter the magnet are inaccurate unless the magnet has been especially calibrated for such positions. curved surfaces the results are practically the same planes, provided the radius five times the diameter the magnet and the radius cylinder twice the diameter the magnet. The measurements sheet metal are affected the presence nickel coating the other side un- less the thickness the base metal least three times the diameter compute the approximate thickness each side thin sheet from magnetic measurements made both sides. The presence the usual thin decorative chromium coatings over the nickel has appreciable effect the thickness measurements, and advantageous because prevents oxidation the nickel during an- nealing. The magnetic method rapid and nondestructive, and for thin coatings its accuracy ap- proaches that metallographic measurements. THE IRON AGE, July | ; Machine Tapers Standardized American Standard, recently approved, reduces the former 100 more individual self-holding tapers covered six different systems ITH its recent approval American Standards ssociation, new and sim- plified series self-holding “slow” tapers becomes available American industry. This should ultimately make possible high degree interchangeability ma- chine fittings, accessories and tools, thus widening the field which the manufacturer taper shank tools can cover with basic minimum stock, and reduce the inventories which the tool user will have carry his tool cribs. The new self-holding taper series embraces different tapers, rang- ing size from 0.239 in. in. when measured the large diame- ter gage line. This series designed serve every purpose now covered perhaps half dozen different systems which in- clude 100 more individual tapers. Characteristics New Standard Basically, the new represents the adoption adapta- *Mr. president the Taft-Peirce Mfg. Co., Woonsocket, and chairman, Technical Com- mittee the Sectional Committee Small Tools and Machine Tool Ele- ments. His article herewith from the June issue Industrial Standardi- zation and Commercial Standards Monthly, published the American Standards Association. 32—THE IRON AGE, July 1937 ° FREDERICK BLACKALL, Jr.* tion the best features num- ber the more widely used taper series already existence. The new American Standard taper in- corporates the following character- (a) Brown Sharpe tapers Nos. and each with taper in. per foot but re- numbered according the deci- mal diameter the gage line, respectively, 0.239 in., 0.299 in. and 0.375 in. and with the taper per foot, computed, rounded three decimal places. These tapers will bear the origi- nal Morse numbers. (c) new taper between No. and No. designated the No. 4%, based slope 0.623 in. per foot, with diameter 1.500 the gage line. This taper has the same slope the Morse No. (d) entirely new series tapers large size, each with slope in. the foot, each designated the number tenths inch the diameter the gage line and ranging size the gage line diameter The accompanying forth the essential dimensions the American Standard taper series and the origin its three major di- visions. Taper Fitting Old Art Use the taper fit for joining machine parts, tool-holding work-holding device, very old art. Probably the first step attempt standardize taper dimen- sions was taken, however, the Brown Sharpe Mfg. Co. 1860, when the well-known Brown Sharpe series taper standards was proposed. These tapers had slope in. per foot, measured the diameter, and covered range from 0.2391 in. well over in. Shortly afterward, 1862, the Morse Twist Drill Machine Co. developed series eight tapers, each with slope ap- proximately in. the foot. The use these two systems promptly became international, and the Morse series particular had become widely adopted the time engineering standardization was launched national in- ternational activity that appears have become part and parcel every international standard devel- oped either here abroad. Unfortunately, however, the time the Morse taper was original- * ° ° | | proposed the accuracy attainable manufacturing and measuring was limited the light pres- ent-day practice that substantial errors were introduced the taper per foot from the basic %-in. standard. These errors have been perpetuated this day, and un- doubtedly account for the inconsis- tency which appears the taper per foot among the eight tapers the Morse series, well the variation which exists among the several Morse tables extant. Committee Opinion Divided When the proposal develop American standard for self-hold- ing taper series was first under- taken 1926, soon became apparent that the members Technical Committee No. ma- chine tapers, were divided into two groups. The idealists held that the errors the existing taper series should corrected once and for all eliminated altogether the adoption new, uniform and consistent taper series. The other group believed that among existing standards, the Morse series par- ticular had become facto standard, which, however imperfect might be, had recognized the international standard. reasonable assume that this divergence thought within the committee was typical the views held industry itself, since the membership this committee and its sponsor bodies was broadly representative American industry, engineers, manufacturers tools, and consumers. All were united the belief that simplifica- tion—that is, reduction the number existing standards— should brought about; but the detailed application the simplifi- cation procedure presented diffi- cult New Standard Compromise not surprising, then, that the standard finally adopted rep- resents there was good reason for com- promise, The adoption radical- different standard from those already use for drills and ream- ers, would, for example, were effective, would once make obsolete machine-tool spindles throughout the world. More prob- ably, the new and different stand- ard would degenerate into futile and theoretical gesture. And the committee was undoubtedly wise resisting the temptation develop new taper its own choosing, lieu the well-estab- lished Morse series tapers, Nos. the new American standard No. well-known gap which exists this part the Morse series, and base the new taper the Morse system well, since be- comes substantially integral part it. Adoption the Brown Sharpe the better sticking holding qualities the %-in. taper small sizes and, incidentally, elimi- nates the need the Morse No. taper, which has been dropped. the field large tapers, from in. inclusive, the committee had better opportunity for orig- inal work. did, however, borrow from the Sellers taper the %-in. slope, which had been employed the Sellers series since 1862 al- though substantially smaller size range. Jarno Series Eliminated The committee gave thoughtful consideration the Jarno taper series six-tenths inch per foot, originally developed Beale, Brown Sharpe Mfg. Co., 1889. the Jarno was largely duplication, far size range was concerned, the Morse series, American Standard Self-holding Tapers—Basic, and Certain Calculated Dimensions Diam- Gage Small Line End 600 bo oo S & All dimensions are given inches. per foot and diameter gage line (columns and are basic dimensions. Diam- Length? Gage Line Small End Tongue Drive with Shank Held Friction Bw BB Means Driving and Holding Origin Series Brown and Sharpe Taper Series Morse Taper Series Rounded three Decimal Places Inch Foot Taper Series Dimensions column are calculated three decimal places from the basic dimensions and are for reference only. THE IRON AGE, July No. per Taper Foot 0.500 0.299 0.250 .375 0.500 0.375 0.312 0.475 0.369 0.571 0.778 1.020 1.266 Tongue 1.476 Drive with 200 1.703 Shank 250 2.156 Held Key 300 2.609 Key Key Drive 350 3.063 Drive with 400 0.750 3.516 Shank Heid 500 0.750 4.422 Held 600 0.750 5.328 Draw- 800 0.750 7.141 Key Bolt 1000 0.750 8.953 1200 0.750 10.766 however, and the latter was un- questionably wider use, the elim- ination the Jarno from final consideration seemed sound. This departure from the prac- tice followed the German and Swedish standardizing bodies adopting national standard com- posed tapers chosen from the 0.6 and %-in. series, the first which designated the metric series, while the second substantially the Morse taper. Advantages New Standard Taper Some specific advantages may expected accrue industry from the widespread adoption the new American Standard taper. The potential reduction inventories arbors, centers, drills, reamers, collets, and every other small tool item which depends taper fit for its use machine-tool applica- tions tremendous. Stocks both manufacturers’ shelves and the tool cribs consumers can cut down enormously. Furthermore, publication de- tail dimensions the taper stand- ard, developed the National Ma- chine Tool Builders’ Association, the Society Automotive Engi- neers, and the American Society Mechanical Engineers joint sponsors under the procedure the A.S.A. will eliminate once and for all the eternal question just what constitutes the standard. For years, minor but frequently important variations have occurred between tables published the various companies and agencies purporting describe existing tapers, such the Morse. Supported Sound Gaging Technique reasonable suppose, also, that the new standard will prove more useful than any the old standards alone any combina- tion them, because represents the cooperative effort American industry and may therefore sup- posed tailor-made meet its needs. unquestionably broader scope than any existing taper series and far simpler than any other combination them. The detail dimensions, both for taper shanks and for the corresponding dimensions taper sockets, have been developed meet every con- dition under which these tapers will used. These include the tongue drive with the shank retained friction, the tongue drive with the shank retained key, the key drive with the shank retained key, and the key drive with the shank retained draw bolt. Finally, the standard supported sound gaging technique which has been worked out conjunction with and has been published part the standard. Thus users are given not only correct dimen- sions follow but also sound means maintaining them. Indeed, even the nomenclature tapers has been standardized order avoid any confusion misunder- standing the character the standard. Technical committee No. now work the development self-releasing steep taper series complement the self- holding taper, probably (although this not yet assured) with slope in. per foot. The new American Standard for Machine Tapers, Self-Holding Taper Series pub- lished the form 12-page booklet containing five tables taper dimensions, two tables plug and ring gage dimensions, and are available through the American Standards Association, West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, through the sponsor organizations cents each. HIS diorama the central feature the National Machine Tool Builders Associa- tion exhibit Cleveland's 1937 Great Lakes Exposition. one series three designed graphically show how machine tools increase employment and raise the standard living. Juan Larrinaga, nationally famous mural artist, planned the exhibit and designed the dioramas. IRON AGE, July 1937 - Sometimes Production Control ° FRANCIS WESTBROOK Consulting Engineer ° THE Heald Machine Co., Worcester, Mass., has developed simple and effective system for production control which serves its needs admirably. The present ar- rangement has been operation for about two years and was adopt- because the changing char- acter the company’s business. Formerl