The Iron Age 1937-03-11: Vol 139 Iss 10

Editorial and Executive Offices 239 WEST 39TH STREET NEW YORK, Owned and Published by CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Chestnut and Sts., Philadelphia, 239 West 39th Street, New York, N. Y. MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, ERNEST HASTINGS, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR Secretary FRITZ FRANK President J. H. VAN DEVENTER Editor c. E. WRIGHT A. I. FINDLEY Managing Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Art Editor Metallurgical Editor Associate Editors JURASCHEK Consulting Editor Washington Editors Resident District Editors Chicago Cleveland Detroit Pittsburgh Editorial Correspondents RICE-OXLEY ROBERT MCINTOSH FRAZAR London, England Cincinnati Boston Hamburg, Germany Milwaukee Francisco SANDERSON Asa ROUNTREE, JR. ALLISON Toronto, Ontario Birmingham Roy EDMONDS TURNER St. Louis Buffalo Why Compromise with Professional Labor Chrysler Tools for Six Cylinder Block Line When Neptune Battles with Jupiter Pacific Coast Machine Tool Exhibit Educating the Buyer Power Transmission Equipment.... New Machine Covers Range Gear Requirements Machine Tool Production 1935 Statistics Metal-Working Activity Automotive Industry .......... Rate Activity Capital Goods Washington News NEWS CONTENTS Plant Expansion and Equipment Buying 134 Just Before Two 160 Products Advertised 160 Index Advertisers 186 Copyright 1937 Chilton Company (Inc.) BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau of Circulations ADVERTISING STAFF Emerson Findley, 621 Union Bldg., Cleveland B. L. Herman, Chilton Bldg., Chestnut & 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bldg., Chicago Published every Thursday. Subscrip- H. E. Leonard, 289 W. 39th St.. New York tion Price: United States and Pos- Pei Lewi 7 sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- Ava, ada, $8.50, including duty; Foreign Ober, 239 39th St., New York $12.00 year. Single copy. cents. Robinson, 428 Park Pittsburgh Cable Address, Warren, Box 81, Hartford, Conn. Member, Associated Business Papers Indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. y f 3 March 11, 1937 Re tere and distortion heat-treatment are negligible when Beth- lehem Die Steel used. Each them worthy the die and tool most painstaking efforts. not uncommon for one the lower-priced Bethlehem carbon tool steels measure job generally considered calling for alloy tool steel. Bethlehem and XCL, the water-hardening grades used die manufacture, withstand drastic quench develop unusually high physicals without cracking serious distortion. Bethlehem Tool Room Steel the logical choice when dies and punches are extremely intricate and must come through treatment free from the slightest distortion. Heat-treatment develops physicals this steel that make dies good for long runs hard service. The air-hardening Lehigh Die and Tool Steel has efficient material for long-run blanking, stamping and trimming dies jobs involving considerable abrasion. Other precision-made Bethlehem Tool Steels measure the most rigid requirements and are unexcelled their particular fields. ib THE IRON MARCH 1937 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 139, No. Beneath the Roof Boards OPPING off the industrial organizations America are the Boards directors have unusual responsibilities today. And volve far more than the dollars and cents responsibility maintaining profitable operations through the selection and control good managerial talent. Board members are policy makers. They establish the rules the game under which the company executives and their associates play it. Company policies must change with the times companies are keep with the times. Some our prominent industrial concerns are rebuilding their boards with that mind. They want young blood and new ideas the top well the bottom. building must have floor well roof. Underneath the roof boards, represented the directors, and the base all accomplishment are the workers, skilled and unskilled, representing the floor boards. One our difficulties the past, which accounts for some our troubles the present, that there has been too much space between the two sets boards. They have been kept too far apart, not any design man- agement, which represents the connecting uprights between the two, but because habit and precedent. Today, not only management, but the boards which dictate the policies followed it, must understand labor's aspirations and treat them with practical but sympathetic consideration. That the matter what one may think about unionization, sit downs, collective bargaining. And that requires more understanding well better mutual interpretation and explanation. Most the present-day troubles are caused lack understanding the other fellow's position. need shorten the distance between the floor boards and the roof boards. One practical way would pick sound and sturdy floor board and make roof board him. other words, elect, better, permit your workers elect one their members the board directors. the man thus elected the sort man that think will be, your company will have made splendid investment, not only improved mutual understanding but disclosing hitherto unrecognized profit possibilities. Ale sq i i | i g h | reels icals dies free rigid 2 35 Why Compromise With Professional WHEN the early craftsman received or- ders for work than could turn out time, hired worker—the first employee, who worked for the first employer. Wages, hours and conditions mutually satisfactory, the em- ployment would cease either party breaking the relationship. firms grew, with more and more workers, the intimacy lessened, but the employment relationship was still there. Unions workers were born and associations manufacturers were established. Collective bargaining was one the principal features unions. Some shops did not have unions these were called “open Those employing only union men were called shops.” The unions and the em- ployers settled amicably, questions wages, hours and working con- ditions. But the unions soon had professional paid organizers, solicit memberships among “open” non-union shops. This soon grew into clash between employer and employee, and the title “Capital Labor” was coined, making class distinction among those who should have had the interest the busi- ness mutuality. Then “strike” born. 36—THE IRON AGE, March 1937 Most strikes would not occur left the workers. They need the wages and not receive the con- tinuing salaries their profession- organizers and other officers the union. passing, few facts seem inject themselves. Organized labor comprises only about ten per cent the employees the United States. The vast army ninety per cent are still free workers, the steel mills, the automotive in- dustries, and the numerous small factories. university graduate, appren- ticed machinist, and now general manager medium size machine Strikes follow recovery business, but not from labor unrest. They follow because the organizer starts his work during such periods growing prosperity. foments distrust and enlists small per- centage employees into the ranks his union. Then the strike starts with these few men intimidating large number weak brethern stay away, temporarily, from work. The organizer tries get these men join the union, because more dues means more salary him. shops where the organizer not permitted proselyte, that is, “open” shops, strikes rarely oc- except where there real university graduate, has been apprenticed machin- ist and now the general manager medium sized machine works. One might call him typical American metal-working executive who grievance. shops where the organizer allowed foment trouble, strikes practically always Why compromise sional labor agitators? only means stepping stone for another strike for more demands. Labor Loyal Our “labor” was loyal during the World War and now loyal. But “organized” labor during the World War and now, significant for the large number strikes called the professional agitators. Some- times the organizers report the papers that they are “trying hold the men leash,” pending medi- ation. This ridiculous but seri- ous, because were not for the agitator, the men would flock back : | i | { Labor Agita tors? has worked with both hands and head. interesting and instructive know what this typical executive thinks about the professional labor agitator today and what his exploitation doing both employer and employed. work. They want work. want them work. But the agi- tator wants dues, and can only get them fomenting trouble. recall strike large pump works. Two hundred union men struck for recognition their union, out about 2,200 total em- ployees. But these 200 secured mediator from Washington and started things moving. show- ing the true facts, the non-union 2,000 stayed work and the tator lost his pickings. This often reversed and the 2,000 flock into the union, rather slugged and “scabbed.” passing, very important phase should noticed. The union organizers not like it, when the Government intervenes and asks for election amongst the work- ers name representatives the workers, because the organizers are not workers and thus cannot named. the organizer had been kept away, there would have been trouble, and this has been the his- tory the steel and motor car industries for about thirty years. The Mechanization Bugaboo Another phase industry the popular conception fomented union organizers that the use machinery, especially “labor saving machinery,” reduces employment. The machines are purchased re- duce costs shortening time operations, greater output than obsolete machines, and ex- pand the plant. can answer this argument referring the United States Department La- bor, Bureau Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 605. very inter- esting reading, and not all “dry.” page read “The job opportunities and new occupations created this expansion are notable the change the character the product and the speed and comparative ease with which was produced.” page read, “Primarily, the automobile created mighty industry, employing directly and FRANK EBERHARDT President, Newark Gear Cutting Machine Co. indirectly, millions workers.” (And the automobile machine and its manufacture requires thou- sands “machines.”) page read, “technolog- ical developments which have made possible the production 390,000 copies page newspaper every day the year have ex- panded the market that the demand for labor that industry has in- creased enormously.” may seem stress the employ- ee’s activities. the part the honest, fair, and average employ- ers, can said that they rarely create labor disturbances. They seldom lock out their workmen. fact they merely want left alone produce goods. the other hand, the worker will strike sional paid officers. Nobody under- stands the word “strike.” When worker strikes, really quits his work, and renounces the relation- ship employer and employee, yet makes demands upon his former employer. His demands denied, stands around the plant, preventing unemployed men getting work. The union official thus takes advantage the miseries the “army the unemployed,” caus- ing more unemployment time when everyone should trying put men work. THE AGE, March 1937—37 | | | a¢ 7 rysler complete redesign its Seal" 6-cylinder en- gine for 1937 Chrysler and DeSoto cars, Chrysler pro- duction engineers completely revamped the machinery set-ups for manufacturing the cylinder block, crankshaft, camshaft, pistons necting rods well other components. ess, former capacity engines per hour was doubled. Millions dollars were invested last summer new equipment and re- CHRYSLER has made several new tions broaching the cylinder block. The manifold face finished large Cincinnati horizontal broaching machine similar design the one used the new Packard Six line and described the ° ° FRANK OLIVER Detroit Editor, The Iron Age tooling existing machinery for the new job. This par- ticular article concerns the cylinder block line. Obviously was both practical and economical rebuild many the machines the final line, and attempt will made describe the each machine other than reference the accompany- ing table. Instead, some the highlights will given the new machines which make this line one the most up-to-date the dustry. Nov. 12, 1936 issue THE IRON Ace. Four sets inserted semi- finishing blades are used the broach bar, with full-width tung- sten-carbide blades for finishing. Immediately following this op- eration, the main bearing cap groove and the crank bearing half circle are broached second machine. the first set-up the broach bar and cutting edges the tools are vertical plane make the cut the side the block; the second, the broach bar and the cutting edges the flat tools are horizontal plane and are carried tunnel under- neath the roller work conveyor. Only the work holding fixture pro- trudes above the level the con- veyor, Fig. loading this fix- ture, the block slid endwise until hits hardened steel block the bed. The pan rail rides rollers sling which lowered when clamping action takes place. This motion effected two di- rect driven screw-down torque mo- tors which apply positive clamping pressure the top the casting through heavy steel blocks shown the illustration. The self-locking screws resist any up- ward movement under the cutting load. the practice, the half round bearing broached with full round cutter which can ro- tated 180 deg. when one half be- comes dull. This high-speed steel insert. The finishing blades for the cap groove are tungsten carbide. Production blocks hour. The Foot Burt 2-way oil gallery drilling unit, Fig. unusual several respects. The holes are 2—Drilling oil gallery holes three stages accom- plished this 4-station 2-way ma- chine. Indexing and clamping effected hydraulic power. } C | | ’ | — 2 | | | | | drilled steps from both sides three stations and the fourth work position single drill one head breaks through and crosses over into the hole drilled from the opposite end. head has its own hydraulic unit driven the same motor that drives the spin- and the indexing fixture, which also hydraulically actu- ated, has its own circuit and driv- ing motor. After placing cylinder block the loading station, the operator moves lever which starts the All the blocks the ma- chine are moved sideways one sta- tion. the first work station, pins are raised into two locating holes the pan rail and the block set locating pins each the four work stations and they are manually withdrawn the same lever that actuates the hydraulic pusher bar. This bar contacts each block through two the main bearings and the pusher plugs are withdrawn when the locating pins are moved place. Pressing push button then starts the drill- ing cycle, each head drilling ap- proximately one-sixth the length the hole from each side. The machine arranged with electrical interlocks prevent in- dexing the hydraulic fixture dur- ing the drilling cycle prevent the drilling units from coming while the fixture being indexed. Cut-out switches provided, however, make possible run any one the hydraulic circuits separately, facilitate setting the job. Feed the heads con- trolled individually dogs the usual way, and the dog rails can pair motor-driven screw-downs hold the cylinder block firmly place while the broach bar the tunnel under the conveyor finishes the bearing cap groove and crank bearing half circle. moved units compensate for drill wear. Another new unit the line Fitchburg 6-spindle machine, Fig. for semi-finish boring the cyl- inders. This machine illustrated has hydraulic head which slides hardened and ground steel ways, and special provision made provide maintained aline- ment. addition taper shoes top and bottom the guides and binders, plus inside gib, further rigidity attained sup- porting the head 3-in. guide bars each side. These guide bars are firmly anchored the fixture, top and bottom. the same time, the head narrow and compact reduce overhang and possible de- flection, but the slide long, with much extending below the cutting tools. The fixture simple construc- tion with the block slid over hard- ened bars. Hand actuated cam movement permits the bars and hence the block drop over the locating pins the pan rail. End- wise location hardened steel bars against machined faces, and clamping vertical pressure applied through air-operated tog- gles. The air valve and lever for starting the hydraulic head cycle are immediately adjacent. The Ingersoll precision type spindle boring machine, Fig. for finish boring the cylinder holes, one-third the way further down the line, another new machine, the latest its type. Head movement hydraulically actuated from Oilgear unit, and the block clamped hand eccentrics simple box-type fixture. tungsten-carbide blades are used each bar together with bladed holder. exhaust hood and duct carries away the cast iron dust since the operation per- formed dry. There are two ma- chines with identical set-ups, each producing blocks hour net. There are two new Natco center column machines that largest units the line and com- bine the most operations single set-up. Each has series unit hydraulic heads mounted the column well heads com- ing radially either horizontally angle. Both machines have fixture tables 110 in. diameter and they weigh 60-65 tons apiece. The tables float in. diam- eter balls and are indexed between stations Geneva motion driven through worm and wheel. bul- let-nosed shot bolt serves the locking member. THE IRON AGE, March 1937—39 J A 4 a . > \ f e 5 7 3—Pneumatic toggle clamps hold the block while the bores are semi-finished. Heavy guide bars steady the hydraulic head which incorporates extremely long slide with taper shoes and gib for maintained alinement. construction makes the column, main base and side wings. The heads themselves are cast iron and feature standard, interchangeable hydraulic panels. The first unit three-station machine, holding two blocks per station. Two blocks are loaded time and there are duplicate set- ups the two work stations, there being four vertical heads and four horizontal heads. There are 180 spindles all. Operations consist drilling valve stem guide and tappet holes, drilling cylinder head stud holes, besides core drilling, spot-facing and counterboring miscellaneous variety holes. The block clamped through top plate and the vertical bushing plate piloted over pins. Likewise the horizontal heads carry heavy guide pins which are piloted into the fix- ture. the second Natco center-col- umn unit, Fig. there are six and six stations, including the single loading station. Opera- tions consist drilling holes the bottom and manifold side, well miscellaneous core drilling, countersinking and the five vertical and four hori- zontal heads there are 168 spindles. The block loaded upside down, pan rail box-type fixture, and held position cam- type clamp actuated through hand wrench. Location master dowel holes the pan rail, IG. 4—As the ex- ample semi-finish- ing, tungsten-carbide cutters are employed this finish boring ma- chine latest design. Note the exhaust hood for cast iron dust. RIGHT 1G. and crank holes are core drilled and rough and semi-fin- ish bored this 4-work- station machine. Two blocks are loaded and indexed time. the first machine, the bush- ing plates drop down over heavy locating pins and the side guide bars are piloted jig bushings the fixture frame. Electrical in- terlocks prevent indexing the table before the heads are with- drawn. light the column tells the operator that all clear before presses the start button for the cycle. possible, however, control the heads in- dependently required setting the job. Handling the blocks and out the machine from the ABOVE 5—One two center column type multiple drillers. This one has five vertical end four horizontal heads, 168 spindles: weighs tons. 4 1G. 7—Business (back) side special machine for finishing the cam and crankshaft holes. The cam bar top actuates the mechanism for elevating the work position No. for inserting the boring bars and clamping final position for cutting. Com- plete electrical interlock vided. roller conveyor facilitated pneumatic hoist suspended from set I-beam rollers. Another Natco unit that has some unusual features multiple head, 2-way machine, Fig. for core drilling, rough and semi-finish boring the cam and crank holes and counterboring Welch plug holes the front and rear end the block. Two blocks are worked each station, which there are six, in- cluding loading and unloading posi- tions the horizontal rack bar. Two 20-hp. motors drive the core drilling spindles and 15-hp. vari- able-speed motor drives the eight boring bars. 3-hp. motor drives the rack bar, while 10-hp. motor powers the hydraulic mechanism for elevating and clamping the blocks each station. Both the fixture and the bases are welded steel construction. Pilot bushings for the boring bars have slots them allow passage the single-point T-C tools. Upon completion the cut, through special trols the variable-speed motor, the bars are inched exactly into position for withdrawal. The hy- draulic elevators drop the blocks 3/16 in. that the cutters will clear the work. inter- locks prevent withdrawal the bars this cycle not followed. starting the cut, the reverse procedure followed. Location the block roughly the rack bar and exactly rest buttons and dowel pins engaging the pan rail the clamped position. Output blocks hour. The identical problem off- setting the tools met with finish boring the cam and crank holes the roughing operation, but the method accomplishing entirely different the Green- lee unit, Fig. Here the control mechanical rather than electrical hydraulic. Move- ment cam bar the main boring head elevates the work preliminary and final positions and controls auxiliary reaming opera- tions well. From the roller con- veyor the block slid upside down onto carriage which cranked endless drive chain into the position from which elevated power. The block comes rest against two limit switches which permit automatic cycle con- trol from single push button. the head moves in, the end the cam bar actuates pair which through linkage elevate the work platen the first position. Immediately afterward, pins the bar pick two cam plates whose movement forward rock four “ice tong” clamps under the pan rail. the same time the boring bars are being passed through the cam and crank holes eccentric them and with cutters down. Slots the bushings allow the single-point tools clear. Clamping and movement the block the final boring position accomplished pair wedges which elevate all four clamp pivots through two equalizer bars. The wedges are actuated dog the cam bar that contacts bell and actuator tooth. the completion the cut the tools must stopped the cor- rect position for withdrawal through the bushing slots and the block must dropped No. position. Spindle location at- tained means small auxil- iary motor which begins drive the spindle when the main motor stopped. rotates the spindle 42—THE IRON AGE, March 1937 OPERATION Warm block and paint cored surfaces. Mill top and bottom block. Drill and ream locating holes and 29/64 in. deep oil hole part way. Countersink above holes. Straddle mill sides main bearings. Rough and semi-finish mill front and rear end block. Rough bore cylinder holes. Broach manifold face. Broach bearing cap groove and crank bear- ing half-circle. Mill generator bosses, distributor and dis- tributor lock screw bosses, clutch housing pan, bracket bosses and oil pressure re- lief valve boss. Drill oil gallery hole from each end block three stages. Drill valve stem guide holes, water holes, 4 oil line holes, 2 generator mount- ing screw holes, clutch housing pan bracket holes. Drill and spot face oil pressure relief valve boss, counterbore Welch plug holes. (2) Drill valve tap- pet holes and counter-drill valve port holes, core drill oil filler hole, drill cylinder head stud holes. (2a) Core drill and counterbore Welch plug holes, drill water drain hole, combination drill oil pressure relief valve hole, countersink generator screw holes and clutch housing pan bracket screw holes, redrill oil line holes through into Counterbore underside valve stem guide holes. Rough line ream 12-valve stem guide and tappet holes. Semi-finish line ream valve stem guide and tappet holes. Semi-finish bore cylinders. Core drill valve port holes. Drill holes bottom and manifold side block, also oil holes tappet bosses, in- core drilling, countersinking and counterboring. Chamfer stud holes top block; drill both ends; counterbore oil gallery holes. Finish line ream valve stem guide and tap- pet holes, one time. Burnish valve stem guide and tappet holes. Inspect tappet holes. CHRYSLER SIX MACHINE Heating tunnel with Venturafin unit heaters, for air spray booth. Newton drum-type millers. Newton rotary table miller. High-speed steel roughing cutters. Stellite finishing cutters. Moline 3-spindle drill. Thor high-frequency countersinker ble arm stand. Newton. rise-and-fall millers. Newton drum-type millers; high-speed steel rough cutters and Stellite semi-finishing blades. Putnam 6-spindle vertical hydraulic bor- ing machines. Fitchburg 6-Spindle vertical hydraulic boring machine. Cincinnati horizontal Hydro-Broach. Cincinnati special horizontal broach. Newton special miller using shell end mills. Footburt 2-way 4-block drilling machine. Natco center-column driller, blocks each station, with work stations and load- ing stations. Moline 6-spindle drill press with special off- set counterboring attachments. Putnam vertical hydraulic drill press. Putnam vertical hydraulic drill press. Fitchburg and Moline 6-spindle vertical boring machines equipped with T-C blades. Putnam 12-spindle vertical hydraulic press. Natco 6-station center column drilling ma- chine. Greenlee 3-way horizontal drilling machine. Avey single-spindle drill presses. Avey drill presses. { | | | | | | | | | | | j j : | j | | | es 7 DER BLOCK LINE OPERATION Rough counterbore for steel insert; semi- finish intake throat diameter and coun- tersink both ends. Chamfer bottom cylinder bores and drill angle oil hole cam bearing. Tap all holes bottom and both sides and holes front. Tap all holes top and both ends. Assemble valve stem guides into cylinder block. Finish mill top block. Drill and tap oil gage hole. Rough ream holes in valve stem guides. Finish ream holes in valve stem guides. Finish counterbore for steel inserts, ma- chine intake valve seat and finish intake throat diameter. Blow out and assemble valve seats. Peen metal around inserts. Finish bore cylinder holes. Mill crankshaft main bearing anchor slots. Finish ream cylinder bores and chamfer top bores. Rough hone cylinder bores. Finish hone cylinder bores. Water test, wash and blow off. Assemble main bearing studs and caps. Core drill, rough and semi-finish bore crank and cam holes; counterbore Welch plug holes front and rear end. Mill oil pump pad and fuel pump pad, clutch housing pan bracket bosses, locat- ing from crank and cam bearings. Rough mill oil slinger groove and thrust bearing face No. crank bearing. Finish mill oil slinger groove and thrust bearing faces No. crank bearing, and drill angle oil hole Finish drill holes cam bearings for anchoring bearing liners and finish ream relief valve hole. Finish mill front and rear end block, locating from crank bearings. Machine oil pump and distributor holes, in- eluding drilling, facing, tapping and semi-finish reaming. Finish bore crank and cam bearings and finish bore oil pump and distributor hole ream dowel holes rear end. Hand ream No. cam bearing hole. Grind intake valve seats and grind exhaust valve seats. Assemble cam bearing liners. MACHINE 2-way drilling machine with Put- nam column mounted back for coun- terboring. Moline 6-spindle drill press. Greenlee 3-way horizontal tapping machine. Greenlee 3-way horizontal tapping machine. 20-ton General flexible press. Newton rotary miller employing high-speed steel inserted blades. Avey 2-spindle drill press with hand feed. Moline 12-spindle hydraulic reaming ma- chine. Moline 12-spindle hydraulic reaming ma- chine. Moline 12-spindle drill press. Hand operations conveyor. Ingersoll vertical hydraulic boring ma- chines using T-C blades. Putnam vertical hydraulic driller with spe- cial milling head. Footburt 4-spindle reaming machines. 2 Barnes 6-spindle honing machines with Micromatic hones. Barnes 6-spindle honing machines with Micromatic hones. Special water test fixture in conveyor line. Thor Hicycle stud driver and Rand air motor nut setter. Natco 5-station special boring machine in- dexing 2 blocks at a time. Putnam special horizontal miller. Cincinnati eccentric head millers. Cincinnati eccentric head millers with gooseneck for angle drill. Footburt one-way horizontal drill. Cincinnati duplex mill fixture). Fitchburg duplex mill fixtures). Natco 2-way drum-type driller. Greenlee special 4-way boring and reaming machine. Thor Hicycle motor. Thor Hicycle motor. Oilgear horizontal press. until pawl drops into slot the spindle. This pawl drawn when the tools are again brought into the cutting position. Dropping the block effected through the movement pair toothed cams which are integral with clamping wedges. adjustable plunger the head actuates these cams, which are reset upon withdrawal the top cam bar. During this main boring cycle, holes both front and rear end the block and get the reamers out before the block dropped clear the main boring bar cutters. mounting the reamers quill possible withdraw them through cam and bell crank en- gaging collar while the boring head still advancing. Location the block dowel pins engaging the pan rail and also the front face order assure locational accuracy for the oil pump and distributor shaft holes which are precision bored the same time. Hence slight end- wise movement allowed the dowel plate that trigger cam, also actuated the top cam bar, can push the block against adjust- able plug, bearing against the front face. between these rough and finishing operations the cam and crank holes just described there are number other in- teresting operations several new machines. milling the oil pump and fuel pump pads recon- verted Putnam miller, for ex- ample, the cylinder block cated four plugs, two each end, engaging the cam and crank holes. Air cylinders actuate the plugs. Both the oil pump and the fuel pump are driven off the cam- shaft and this set-up assures the proper planar relationship the axis the camshaft. Similarly, when both ends the block are squared with the crankshaft bore pair Cincinnati and Fitchburg duplex millers, rack op- erated plugs engage the crank bores, making them the axis alinement. Finally, when the oil pump and distributor holes are machined huge Natco drum-type driller, Fig. the block located plugs the camshaft holes. can seen the illustration, which shows the loading position, the block dropped the fixture THE IRON AGE, March 1937—43 | - as vertical position. means hand crank and rack motion, the operator elevates plug which en- gages the lower camshaft bore. air hoist monorail facilitates this operation. The machine has four work stations, plus the load- ing one. Altogether there are six heads for drilling, counterboring, spot-facing and reaming, all hy- draulically controlled, besides two tapping heads with individual lead screws. The drilling heads are driven six 5-hp. motors and the two tappers through single 3-hp. motor. Another 3-hp. motor drives three work heads each side the large drum-type fix- ture this machine for finishing the oil pump and distribu- tor holes. The block located plugs engaging the semi- finished camshaft holes. the Geneva indexing mechanism for the drum-type fixture. other Natco units, welded steel construction employed for the base and trunnion uprights well the connecting bridge be- tween them. Output blocks New Japanese Acid Resisting Alloy OKIO (Special Correspon- dence).—An alloy steel highly resistant hydrochloric acid reported have been invented Dr. Endo the Research In- stitute for Metals, Tohoku Im- perial University, who studying acid-resisting alloys with the assistance Itagaki, the institute’s staff. The metal contains molybdenum, chromium and nickel. The results the study will reported scientific institutions. Several kinds the steel are made and, according composi- tion, are designated Nemicle Nemicle Nemicle and Necomicle. The inventor states that Hastelloy, 44—THE IRON AGE, March 1937 invented Mr. Field the United States, only resistant maxi- acid, whereas Nemicle not only withstands corrosion the same concentration, but practically unaffected hydrochloric acid per cent concentration. More- over, not attacked solu- tion ferric chloride, sulphuric acid, and acid, solution mercuric chloride, solution common salt. Its elongation high, and its price about one- half that Hastelloy. The metal dustries. The other three alloys have much more resistance acids, being unaffected both and per cent acid and offer- ing considerable resistance the per cent solution the acid which attacks Nemicle Even where ionized iron exists, there perfect formation passive pro- tective film. The three metals are about the same price Hastel- loy and are suitable for turbine blading and wire, and materials for all kinds equipment the chemical industries. Further investigation made develop alloy with per- fect resistance per cent hydro- acid. | 3 | k j | T'S the high water mark which the young lady pointing—high water the General Electric build- ing Cincinnati. Luckily she was not there when happened, for the odds are that she could not swim that fur coat. ULCAN, god comes into the picture too. Here out electrical appa- ratus tempera- ture 110 deg. temporary ovens. When Neptune Battles With Jupiter the god water engages the god thunderbolts, mankind has repair the damage. And here are some the steps taken the mortal members the G.E. Co. Cincinnati counteract what water has done electricity. ELUGED transformers come for their share attention. Here are some them the Cincinnati G.E. service shop. THE IRON AGE, March appara- tus cannot swim either. And can- not resuscitated barrel. The life sav- ing crew are seated these benches. 1937—45 he | Skilled Workers! PROMINENT man- ufacturer was recently talking the scarcity skilled workers. came from industrial commun- ity noted for the production machinery and automotive parts. was subject that had been one wide discussion among industrial- ists there, and spite reputedly high wages—offers $1.25 hour—few mechanics were forth- coming. Various explanations had been given the manufacturers for this condition affairs: Limiting apprentices the trade unions and employers during the de- pression, dying off the old me- chanics, and lack capacity the modern specialists. The uni- versal correction for the condition, 46—THE IRON AGE, March 1937 GEORGE STUART BRADY Technical Adviser Coordinator for Industrial Cooperation according the industrial leaders, seemed take firm hand and put more apprentices into the shops. The conversation with this man- ufacturer recalled vividly mind talk some months before with another type man. was small roadside lunchroom. The owner and his wife worked the tiny short-order kitchen and waited customers. They lived little house hill above the automo- bile road. The conversation re- vealed that had been class tool and die maker big factory. peak periods had worked hours week and made “big pay”—that is, big for that industrial center, $70 week. slack periods the shop operated short time and his wages sometimes dropped low $30 week. When the de- pression came, this man was one the top-notchers and did not lose his job, but his wages for more than two years averaged far be- low $20 week. Then lost his job. “Never again!” was telling me, sat watching his flock white hens pecking the hill. man’s fool put four-years’ apprenticeship, study his head off, and sell his life for laborer’s pay i — without any assurance job next year next month. What's the Use? “Why, you know how many expert toolmaker capable mak- ing automobile dies?” continued. fellow only begins real mechanic years, and he’s lucky gets 75c. hour after serves four-year apprentice- ship. mechanic, but they’ll never get into shop again,” continued, after had gotten from him that his soldier’s bonus loan 1932 had set him this little roadhouse where en- joyed economic freedom and good living conditions for his family, although probably averaged less money than had earned expert toolmaker. With thoughts these incidents the great craft labor unions why sent his son college instead placing him apprentice- ship learn trade. had not expected the frankness the answer. didn’t want him have through what went through,” replied. “Ninety cents hour the best could get me- chanic this section, and anybody can earn that much clerical job.” This was the statement man who was devoting his whole life earnestly the advancement craftsmen. But there was some- thing else didn’t mention. But knew, because once teacher “machine shop practice” had been close this thing. was the fact that when boy attends high school, begins feel above the social caste present-day me- chanics. The girls meets dances not want marry me- chanics, even though their own fathers were workmen. Not that they think that there anything debasing mechanical work, but because they want live modern house nice street. The "White Company Anyone can perform little sociological experiment merely questioning the high school boys the neighborhood. And in- teresting note the development the change from the young freshman, who still acknowledges his preference for mechanics, HIS year 1937 will prob- ably marked future history the crucial year employer-employee Never before has there been scale controversial views and opinions collective bargaining, representation, wages, hours, unionization, employee participation management, etc. How these matters are settled, unsettled, 1937 will determine the future industry and employment for many years come. They cannot settled prop- erly spirit antagon- ism either side, nor dodging issues, nor re- fusing face facts. Neither management nor labor can afford take position any these mat- ters without first hearing the other story. know our readers will ested, therefore, this ar- ticle Colonel Brady, as- sistant Major Berry. deals with some the the skilled labor shortage. the sophisticated senior who has fought his own mind the battle choosing his profession. first reluctantly, then with forceful emotion, the high school boy re- jects the idea going work shop. joins the great army the “white collar class,” which, today, numbers large part our unemployed. the meantime, our factories are limping along with the greatest scarcity skilled workers since the World War. The fundamental difficulty not with the apprentice courses, but rather with what offered the gradu- ate after taking the course. one typical plant apprentice- ship course, where only high school graduates are employed, and where regular classroom given addition the progres- sively graded shop work, the pay the apprentices raised pro- gressively from $12 $25 week. The average age boys grad- uation about 22. Considering the factory expense maintaining such apprenticeship course the payment appears certainly liberal, and that city ample pro- vide good living for the boy dur- ing the apprenticeship. ac- tually slightly higher than the “sample” suggested the Department Labor. The course represents tremendous advance both payment and the quality the training from the courses offered before the War, where the apprentice boy received week, with desultory shop train- ing mechanics often not fitted for teaching. are living the much-her- alded “Machine Age,” but our son mechanically inclined, loves make things with his own hands, and has that artistic eye and finger touch necessary skilled ar- tisan, send him trade school apprentice him one our great industrial plants? No, not! Not unless are too poor otherwise! For the very simple reason that not want him tie himself for life 90c. hour wage dependent upon the ups-and-downs factory employ- ment. the mechanically-inclined boy can squeeze out enough money college, gives expression aiming “engineer.” And since engineer the mind’s eye the average college student man who sits desk the front office and tells the factory how make things, thousands these boys after graduation never have more than casual employment because they have native ability for executive work. During the depression there was much talk the “excessive wages” the building trades, es- pecially New York, where living costs are high and wages are usually high. The scale agreed upon 1932 for New York City placed top wage for carpenters, steel workers, masons, and other “journeymen” mechanics $1.40 hour. Wages" big. But maximum employment the building trades only for weeks the year hr. week. This makes top yearly wage $2,464 for skilled mechanics—men who have served apprentice- ship, who must have certain amount genius for the trade, and who have devoted years perfection the work the trade. THE IRON AGE, March 1937—47 SS | | ANG | | | | & | | | OF | ‘ peak point which the skilled craftsman can advance. This $2,464 per year, city where living costs are close the highest the nation, practically corresponds what college boy expects after year two out college, and about the scale paid the bottom rung brokerage office. definitely limits the so- cial scale the journeyman me- chanic. raise his income has work. Perhaps takes job foreman, though may not like that elevating him the job foreman the company has lost good mechanic and made only incompetent white-collar worker. What needed raise the posi- tion the skilled craftsman itself higher plane. the Detroit area, the residence the workers the manufactur- ing industry which reputed pay the highest average wage, and where would normally look for realization the development the “theory plenty,” find the average annual wage workers little over $1,200 (the an- nual minimum wage Federal junior clerks $1,440 plus month’s vacation and days’ sick leave). And find living condi- tions this part the country such that worker with family cannot find home for less than $50 month except the slums near-slums. calculating what worker should have income, should not beyond reason say that the head family should normally receive sufficient buy housing facilities, clothing, and food for five persons, and have enough money left pay doctors’ and dentists’ bills and purchase some the products the age, such radio, washing machine, automobile. Actual field studies selected industrial areas, published the Department Labor, show, however, that spite the fact family more than one member wage earner, per cent the total family wage goes for bare living expenses, and that often medical attention eats large part the remainder. far back the time Adam Smith, was recognized that “the labor able-bodied slave computed worth double his maintenance, and that the mean- est laborer cannot worth less 48—THE IRON AGE, March 1937 than that able-bodied slave.” But actually see under the best conditions the skilled worker pay- ing one-half his annual wage merely for unfurnished subnormal residential area. any wonder that, the United States Labor reports, large proportion skilled workers that most favorable area are obliged sup- plement their wages “secondary employment,” themselves and depriving others employment? Technological Displacement The head one the great in- dustrial research laboratories told the annual Convention the United States Chamber Com- merce last year that technological displacement myth. said that the advance new industries fully compensates for the loss the old. And mentioned example the displacement the old carriage industry the auto- mobile industry with its attendant new work road building, gasoline stations, and garages. This ad- mittedly true; the advance there, and the new jobs are eventually there. But what became the expert electroplater when the au- year abandoned plated metal ra- diators and parts stainless steels that require plating? what became the expert sand molders when much the hardware ceased made the foundry but was turned out automatic die casting machines permanent metal dies? These men and others like them many trades, the victims “technological unemployment,” lose their jobs, and their plight worse than that the unskilled worker. There are months family heart- aches until they are readjusted the industrial system. skilled craftsman this serious condition, for his wage scale does not permit him “ahead the game” like the salaried execu- tive and have reserve fund tide over the unemployment period help him move another industrial locality. These are the real reasons why the youths are training think our high schools refuse into the factories unless they are driven there poverty unless they take the course stepping stone the position foreman. becoming more ap- parent every day that high knowledge mathematics and elementary science necessary requirement for the expert trades, but even those factories that have recognized this and take only high school boys into their training courses are aware that the will not stay the trades. One the largest plant schools the New York area, which takes only high school graduates, calculates that half its apprentice gradu- ates look immediately for jobs outside the trades. Even the Fed- eral Committee Apprentice Training admits that the appren- ticeship courses are training men for foremen and department heads rather than for skilled workmen. Skilled Differentials Intimate study does not reveal that existing wages skilled craftsmen, who have served ap- prenticeships and have also genius for fine work, are propor- tionately higher than the wages common labor. Average wages skilled journeymen mechanics cities the United States 1936 were only per cent higher than the average for common la- ments that enter into the make-up every job, whether com- mon labor skilled toolmaking, namely, artistic genius, skill, mo- notony, fatigue, health injury, edu- cation required, necessary appren- ticeship, social undesirability, ete. These elements can evaluated and the relative wage bracket for each type craft job can ascertained. study this kind 3500 employees, and was found that purely scientific wage- seale rating the skilled craftsmen salaries than the foremen. The skilled craftsman the key man the human mechanism that keeps our modern intricate indus- trial life going efficiently, and the greater the proportion special- ists and machine operators the increasingly integrated industry the more important becomes the skilled craftsman. Our modern production should have raised the status the crafts- man, and this time shouid have been position evalu- ate his worth methodically and scientifically. Much has been written about — « ; the shortage skilled craftsmen, and much has been done since 1933 reopen courses that were closed during the depression, and in- itiate Federal Com- mittee Apprentice Training and the President’s Committee Vo- Training have brought the national government the aid State and local authorities. But unless there cooperative effort re-elevate the position the craftsman and see that the skilled worker receives real an- nual compensation that will en- able him occupy place dig- self cannot bear fruit. The real incentive for the prospective me- must not the training course but the final opportunity the job attractive life work. Until that condition exists the brighter youths will not attracted into the trades. The realization this ideal merely task for the individual manufacturer. Our industrial sys- tem has gradually tended re- move the from the honored place once held, and the whole process must job for all industry recognize and cooperatively. RAW MATERIAL can transform pound steel into casting worth perhaps cents, into quantity watch springs valued $10,000. What you the raw material determines its ultimate There thought this for with regard our most important material industry labor. What it; and with it, de- termines its worth. Photo Van Fisher, Cleveland. THE IRON AGE, March 1937—49 be | qe largest machine tool ex- hibit yet attempted the Pacific Coast has just been con- ducted the Herberts Ma- chinery Co. Los Angeles. The attendance was over 14,500 during the week. Among the companies represented were: Press Co., Chi- cago; American Broach Ma- chine Co., Ann Arbor, Mich.; American Tool Works Co., Cin- cinnati; Acme Electric Welder Co., Los Angeles; Bardons Oliver Co., Cleveland; Bryant Chucking Grinder Co., Spring- field, Vt.; Ex-Cell-O Tool Corp., Detroit; Hydraulic ps > 1 — Press Mfg. Co., Mt. Gilead, Ohio; International Machine Tool Co., Indianapolis; Oster- Williams Co., Cleveland; Ra- cine Machine Tool Co., Ra- cine, Wis.; George Scheer Co., New York (Zeiss Measuring In- struments); Sunstrand Machine Tool Co., Rockford, Ill.; Van Norman Machine Tool Co., Springfield, Mass.; Whitney Metal Tool Co., Rockford, Ill.; Rockford Machine Tool Co., Rockford, Ill.; Reed Prentice Corp., New York; Niagara Ma- chine Tool Works, Buffalo; Baker Bros., Toledo, Ohio, and Oliver Instrument Co., Adrian, Mich. THE IRON AGE, March Educating the Buyer Power WITH half billion dollars being wasted annually the United States, delivering pow- the machines industry inefficiently, and with upwards per cent those machines still being driven the old-fashioned lineshaft drive methods which our great-grandfathers and their fath- ers before them devised, would natural assume that some effort being made show the industrial plant executive how use power more effectively and more economically plant. matter fact, there are three efforts being made; but yet, because the differing aims the groups making these efforts, united, coordinated action has