The Iron Age 1936-04-02: Vol 137 Iss 14

APRIL 1936 “Sanh eer . = 2—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 THE IRON AGE, published every Thursday the CHILTON CO., (INC.), Chestnut 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Entered second class matter November 1932, the Post Office Philadelphia under Act March 1879. $6.00 year S., Canada $8.50, Foreign $12.00. Vol. 137, No. 14. FRITZ FRANK, President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor Editor Emeritus Machinery Editor Washington Chicago Cleveland Pittsburgh Detroit Boston Cincinnati CHESTNUT AND 56TH STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Sales Offices 239 WEST 39TH STREET NEW YORK, Contents April 1936 Smile, Darn You, Smile! Industrial Education and Industrial Museums........... Rubber Provides Corrosion-Proof Joint for Pipe Broken Shaft Rock Crusher Salvaged Welding.... Novel Signaling System for Strip Late Returns from Laboratory and Mill................ Stainless Steel Kitchens Super-Liner Storm Jackets Canadian Building Construction....... New Equipment Automotive Industry .... Rate Activity Capital Goods Washington News News Index Products Advertised Index Advertisers Owned and Published Copyright 1936 Chilton Company (Inc.) CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) BAUR, General Advertising Manager Executive and Publication Offices. DIX, Manager Reader Service Chest Sts., Phi estnut and Sts., Member, Audit Bureau Circulations ADVERTISING STAFF C. A. MUSSELMAN, President Member, Associated Business Papers Emerson Findley, 311 Union Bldg., Cleveland FRITZ FRANK. Executive Vice-President Herman, Ave., Buffalo. United States and Pos- JOSEPH tion Price: United States and Peirce Lewis, 7310 Woodward Ave., Detroit sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- GEORGE GRIFFITHS. Charles Lundberg, Chilton Bldg., Chestnut ada, $8.50, including duty; Foreign 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. EVERIT B. TERHUNE, ” $12.00 a year. Single copy, 25 cents. C. H. Ober, 239 W. 39th St., New York Robinson, 428 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh ERNEST C. § NGS, i Sweetser, 239 West 39th New York WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer Cable Address, ‘‘Ironage, Warren, Box 81. Hartford, Conn. JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary a2 Fi. 14 = * tte acter ~ “ome lood With the waters receding, Ryerson trucks are rushing steel repair the havoc wrought flood and fire. your plant has been damaged and can help you, phone wire and will respond once. Our principal business the stocking every type steel product from rivets and bolts heavy floor plates corrugated roofing and siding; but are also position cut, punch, bend, form fabricate any material you may need the emergency. Ryerson Steel-Service well known for its ability accomplish the seemingly impossible, not hesitate call. matter what the problem, probably can help you. Our whole organization, large stocks, complete facilities and fleet trucks are your service night day until the job done. PARTIAL LIST PRODUCTS ALWAYS STOCK Structurals Alloy Steels, Cold Finished Shafting Boiler Tubes and Fittings Channels, Angles Tool Steels Screw Stock Welding Rod Heated Treated Alloy Strip Steel, Flat Wire Rivets, Bolts Steel Bars Mechanical Tubing, Nuts, Washers Plates, Sheets Stainless Steel Rails, Spikes, Reinforcing Bars, etc. Joseph Ryerson Son, Inc., Chicago, Milwaukee, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis, Buffalo, Boston, Philadelphia, Jersey City. IRON APRIL 1936 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 136, No. Smile, Darn You, Smile! ROOSEVELT'S admonition industry good and put more people work reminds story. gentleman observed small boy looking out window. The child looked unhappy, and the passerby said him, fellow, put smile that face doing the best replied the boy, the dog has bitten me, the cat scratching me, brother pinching me, sister don't feel much like Industry has been trying face its troubles with smile, spite the handicaps imposed the New Deal. Not altogether easy thing do, with assortment Congressional Fidos yapping and snapping its heels, inquisitional Black cats clawing its flesh, Government com- missions pinching every opportunity, Tugwellians scaring with hor- rible communistic faces and the President threatening purge surplus. spite all which, industry has put many hundreds thou- sands men work since the fortunate outlawing the NRA, National Regimenting Attempt unsavory memory. this respect, industry has done much better job than Government has done with all its easy billions. For the new jobs made industry are jobs that create more wealth, whereas most the jobs that have been created Government are jobs that eat and diminish existing wealth. Cutting paper dolls and raking leaves parks may relief measures and vote getters but they not augment the National income. The admonition industry encouraging that indi- cates belated recognition, least, that Government not omnipotent job creator, even the hands supermen, and that private enter- prise, because having some social value, may after all permitted exist. present the directors business and industry are forced devote much their time defending themselves against attacks from Govern- ment and another good part defending their businesses Government competition. they were permitted devote full time job making, the reemployment problem would soon solved. BP TRE. q — +4 * hin : : KILLED craftsmanship iron working antedated the machine age but has not been obviated it. 26—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 “STANDARD LIV- civilization culture period, nation, community, person. man struggles upward for light and truth, experiences this change culture. seek learn what produces culture. The proc- Industrial Education Industrial ° Museums ° ° JOHN WOODMAN HIGGINS President the Worcester Pressed Steel Co., Worcester, Mass. ° ess more significant just now than the product. Educators used differentiate tional” courses, but now they agree that all real education both cultural without distinction. Matthew Arnold de- fined culture know— the best which has been thought and said the world.” But Hux- ley contended “having learned all that Greek, Roman, and Eastern antiquity has thought and all that modern literatures have tell us, not self-evi- dent that have laid sufficiently broad and deep foundation for cul- ture.” must understand the physical sciences the very bases life and the phys- ical forces which condition life. Then John Dewey said: “Our culture must consonant with realistic science and with machine | ‘ a 4 4 3 » = endorsement the American independent public trade school system industrial education, pref- erence outgrown appren- ticeship training systems for skilled craftsmanship—a plea for courses related subjects and the humanities—a recog- nition the reaction manual tion the interdependence handicraft and machine craft—and suggestion that definite contribution that every manufacturer owes his industry. industry. Culture the capacity for cons.antly expanding the range and accuracy one’s perceptions meanings. The practical task education the present time which social efficiency and personal culture are synonymous.” This comprehends modern cause major “the range and ac- meanings.” And now Dr. Arthur Mays (of the University Illinois) de- clares: mechanical genius has through the ages been his chief means cultural, and spiritual progress. Civilization it- self chiefly the outcome the invention tools and machines. The greatest danger the pres- ent age not the increase scientific discovery and the rapid development the machine indus- try, but that man his slavery educational tradition will fail incorporate the rich edu- materials science and in- dustry into the educational pro- gram designed prepare youth live and manage modern life. In- deed, machine industry far more characieristic our civilization than are literature and the classics. “Can one truly cultured this age and unacquainted with the processes, the materials, the organization, the trends, and the social meaning machine indus- try? “Industrial arts courses can enriched educationally using the shop and drafting room motivat- ing centers. The possibilities of- fered here should not longer neglected.” Art and Industry Join Hands Even those cultural tial educational the American museums fine arts— Greek templed store houses rare treasures, are doffing their veils seclusion and joining with their brothers, the universities, schools, libraries, and science mu- seums liberal educational service the new generation. Art and can longer kept apart—no more education, culture, and industry. The hours spent students museums un- doubtedly register higher rate “expanding the range and accuracy than those spent college halls. last one the oldest tradi- tional museums fine arts, the Brooklyn Museum (established 1823 Apprentices’ Library) has undertaken, under new di- rector, Philip Youtz, reestab- lish The Industriel Center for co- ordinating art with industries and with the lives the people, broadening their visions and ex- panding their appreciations. This epoch making. also acclaim highest praise the initiative taken the Ohio State Educational Committee establishing their Industrial Arts educational program, from pre-kindergarten through high school, and assuring the coopera- tion nearly 300 colleges through- out the United States who are ac- cepiing increasing number industrial arts credits toward col- IRON AGE, April 1936—27 same perfection hand skill that produced masterpieces need- for the extension modern industrial culture. 3 = on are = 4 3 3 vi for the an- cient well modern crafts- manship are inspiration youth. lege entrance. industrialists are watching this system with faith and solicitude. such stu- dents purpose open our man- ufactories laboratories and mu- seums—as shall explain later. Since industry now the domi- nant factor every life from the cradle the grave, the three fade out fundamental objectives and take their proper place techniques tools. The Ohio pro- gram starts with childhood’s first clothing, light, play, home, nature, 28—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 and later the materials, machines, and industry. course, these researches very soon require the techniques reading, writing, and arithmetic, and time pupil has need, Latin, Greek, and necessary tools for their development. But stupid tradition has saddled typical primary schools with these minor techniques that students sel- dom get far the fundamentals health, human relations, and industry. They have pick these the street. processes Sixty-five per cent all secon- dary school boys Toledo last year elected this Arts course. These boys should become intelligent choosers and users avocations and vocations, indus- trial contacts and products. Ohio stands unique among the states for this educational Arts. However, these courses not purport train skilled producers; they graduate efficient consumers not “techno- crats” nor “brain trusters,” but capable, intelligent citizens. Need New Craftsmen American industries need 100,- 000 new skilled craftsmen every year replace losses change, retirement, and death. the past, these craftsmen were trained the industries. Manufactories well the professions undertook educate their recruits indentured apprenticeships and ex- clusive guilds, but that was before the days centralized, organized education and specialized machine mass production. During the World War, Ameri- ‘an industries, under Government conscription, established school de- partments, engaged teachers, and educated their own workers. Skilled craftsmen then were scarce jobs are today. But with manufac- tories snowed under orders per cent profit and per cent this back the Govern- ment taxes, wonder green apprentice boys were wanted any expense. That was years ago. That apprenticeship system, starved five years depres- sion, was killed the Federal Ap- prenticeship Committee, exploited labor unions seeking control and monopolize skilled racket which was outlawed with the NRA. One the last crimes the New Deal was throttle forever the faltering heart the Americen which had been sharing this job with the Public Trade Schools. Even this Aid” resuscitation the National Youth Administra- tion has not revived the patient, and ques.ion whether its needle sterile and its pulmotor charged with oxygen. The old pri- vate factory indentured apprentice system passing out, but new end better day dawning. pro- Educational expediency economic necessity now demands the immediate expansion our public and technical schools meet the call for educated all- around skilled craftsmen who can create and maintain our new com- | plex mechanized system. Pittance for Industrial Education Less than one per cent the $3,000,600,000 expended annually the taxpayers the United public education spent industrial courses. Ninety-nine per cent devoted training for other professions, many them overcrowded and likely remain for years. are faced with the apparent anomaly workers out work and actual shortage 100,000 skilled crafts- men. Our 16,000 public vocational schools with enrollment over 1,000,000 students include 2300 trade schools with enrollment 500,000. But they are graduating less than 15,000 trained crafts- men year fill these 100,000 vacancies, and the apprenticeship system supplying less than 5000. That good old law supply and demand offers high reward these trained graduates and reports indicate that trade school applica- tion waiting lists are larger and unplaced graduate those the universities and colleges. other program functioning adequately meet this 80,000 an- nual net shortage skilled crafts- men, manufacturers will have lower their standards, curtail output, and train operators from uneducated incompetents, until the schools rise and meet this need. know that manufacturers are not fitted for educating boys and girls, but trained vocational teachers are fitted for this job. Child Labor Control So-called “child prohibi- tion has thrown thousands boys and girls onto the streets and into the courts, and recent crime rec- ords indicate that 15-year-old youths now suffer more from un- employment than from la- bor” exploitation. The proposed Federal child control amendment would extend these bans years age, and establish Na- other activities youths. Here the vocational schools’ new oppor- tunity. But under lobbyists introduce bills relieving public schools from providing courses manual train- ing and household arts—and re- stricting the work trade schools “exercises” which must de- stroyed. Such measures for curtailing, controlling, and monopolizing the supply skilled craftsmen—a sel- fish and stultifying objective itself evils more serious than any industrial abuses they purport eliminate. Are not convinced after years painful experience that extreme prohibition laws defeat themselves? Modern youth de- mands liberty, admittance, and participation with us, and deserves wider and betier opportunities for expression rather than less. Shall substitute adequate counter at- tractions before supposed evils are aim the Industrial Museum Steel Craftsmanship inspire future accomplishment through the example ancient craftsmanship. outlawed, lapse back codes, creeds, and idleness? The American Colonies were in- dustrial communities, whose lead- ers expressed intelligent apprecia- tion the educational and stabiliz- ing value industry all people. Now the village blacksmith and shop have disappeared even the workbench the cellar, where boy could make his own dog house, gives way household luxury. Automatic “conditioners” are replacing furnaces and trans- forming basements into modern- THE IRON AGE, April 1936—29 od SS | istic card-rooms dominated chrome-plated bars for new dis- pensation private tastes. Manual dexterity and Yankee in- genuity manifest themselves early, but ignored neglected during the adolescent period while comic strips, movies, and are em- phasizing quick-wittedness and static knowledge, can expect modern America develop art- craftsmanship emulating that medieval Japan Italy? are complacently substituting machines for “sweat-shop child labor,” know- ing that the peasants “back- abuses have always thrived, exhibit the highest manual skill. Yale, Harvard, and Princeton started vocational schools, but slight attention now given manual artistic attainment, al- though psychologists agree that manual work, wisely guided, de- velops imagination, initiative, con- fidence, creative ability, coordina- tion, personal efficiency, and intel- ligence—as well artistic appre- ciation—all essential qualities well-rounded cultural education. Books and lectures are second-hand information, and while this disparagement, emphasizes the fact that books not cover the entire field education. be- come what create. Notwithstanding Doctor Jacks’ declaration that any kind which fails eventuate skill best half grown, and because half grown, actual dan- ger and source cant, uncer- tainty, and know that cannot force manual skill onto every boy and girl. even well question that decree our Puritan ancestors that all labor “good for the soul” everyone who dislikes it. Only few master craftsmen and great emerge from our vocational classes. Ability earn honest living, important this is, not the great end manual training nor the highest reward manual pro- ficiency. Ruskin said, “The entire object true education make people not merely the right things but enjoy the right things— not merely industrious but love industry.” Geometric Progression Progress Since the first sculp- tor chipped extra flints million years ago trade for his neigh- 30—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 bor’s extra canoe, boys have grown into business, teeming with creative accomplishment. took five hundred thousand years learn polish those chipped but since then intelligence and in- dustry have manual work geometric progres- S10n. ere sion through super hand crafts- manship, with realization that their works would immortalize their names art. The Hand Still Supreme machine ever produced masterpiece that could not im- proved master hand. Take, HIGGINS has knitted together Worcester the past and the present steel craftsmanship definite endeavor impress the necessity the survival skill. course normal boys now pre- fer shops schools. thou- sands generations boys have been eager “help big men make real things” shops. Some boys run away from school get this thrill; others remain solely because law. Manufacturers who expect trade schools educate journey- man craftsmen must work with them and give them real shops, production machinery, and com- mercial jobs place toy labora- tories and politics. Even children perceive that daily chores are now performed more easily and quickly machinery than hand, and naturally they reason, “Since efficiency the goal our scientific age, why should bother with hand work?” They overlook the fundamental fact that the perfection these machines due the coordinated skill edu- cated hands. Machines never pro- duce better work than the hands their masters. Every child, rich poor, prospective dependent master machines. Machines can- not put art into object; only hands and hearts can that. The great art masters history were inspired the incentive expres- for example, the plates surfaced and lapped true Norton Precision Grinder— their truth tested one-millionth light-waves through hand lapped optical glass. Even that infinitesi- mal inaccuracy one-millionth can reduced exquisite hand- lapping, but this hand work can not further improved ma- chinery. the last analysis, the hand man’s highest appeal. This the ideal relationship for both handicraft and machine perfection. When the hand loses its cunning, the whole scheme fails. Our legs may atrophy the automobile perfected, but our hands atrophy, shall degenerate all branches evolution. Science now amplifying all our senses fourth dimensions, vast zones vibrations that our untrained nerves never fore. But there substitute for sense touch, nor royal road for coordinating our fingers with our brains. Practice only makes perfect. America advances with efficient engineering. champion mass |) i } i | production super machines, infinitum, but must recognize that the best machine only amplified tool the hands its master. Manual dexterity the prerequisite. Always the hand supreme, because the mind’s best tool. Then second impor- tance comes the perfected machine. may stress quantity produc- tion, but only means this Hoofed animals with insensitive feet and hands arouse their curiosity never attain the brain de- velopment the ape. Ability grasp with the hand the first in- dication intelligence, and mon- key curiosity great mental Therefore, some museums have re- placed the familiar “Don’t Touch” signs with instruciions for han- dling. Laziness with machinery may retard manual dexterity but will never throw the race back primitive stupidity, because the hand loses facility, machines will deteriorate and more and better hand work meet the demand—a self-sustain- ing and recuperating system which already operating beneficently. Expanded Public Trade Schools Public Trade School System will relieve manu- factories the interruptions and 4 Bee 4 laboratory, library, museum and clinic are combined this office building the Worcester Pressed Steel Co., which houses the John Higgins Armory. expense educating recruits. return for this relief, industrialists will cooperate with the schools to- ward efficiency and local adapta- tion, and will open their plants visiting students demonstration laboratories. More than this, they will provide special Craft Museums illustrating the processes and evolution their specialty all ages and places. The modern ex- hibit will present their master- pieces industrial art for the comparison, judgment and cism every visitor, student, employee, prospective customer. The day the secret process has passed. Manufacturers are proud their efficient, safe, attractive plants, workers, and products. school can have Rosenwald Deutsches Museum, but neighbor- hood factories can provide better exhibitions their own lines their own plants. Every manufactory should have its own specialized museum. Just the lawyer accumulates documents his library, and the surgeon preserves specimens his laboratory, the manufacturer buttons dirigibles, employing one person thousand, should assemble his collection exhibits representing his industry, illustrat- ing his service, and recording the Here surrounds himself and his associates with that friendly at- mosphere where creative ideas germinate. His reference file ex- pands into library, and his speci- men case into laboratory. Exhibitions Craftsmanship Every craftsman should exhibit roundings, even though starts with soap-box the corner his shop, sample-case his office, Arts. Some friend will recognize his demonsiration cultural ad- vance and stimulate the next step. Pride established, challenged, pricked inspires progress pro- duction engineering, well other arts. The Industrial Museum the plant the Worcester Pressed Co. Worcester, Mass., ucts, from all places and all times, established with these purposes view: inspire steel workers; attract superior recruits; stimu- (CONTINUED PAGE 53) THE IRON AGE, April : > & ° ° FARLEY GANNETT this case the opposite true. There nothing unusual about this story strike, fact one that will familiar most every- body. company supposedly tight place: few young hot-heads eager capitalize their advantage perhaps just for the fun and the great majority satisfied employees compelled strike for fear having their heads broken. The New Deal has condemned the ten per employers who, says, make most the trouble. Strange that overlooks the vicious ten per cent the labor ranks who pull most the strikes. ° ° ° drove into the en- sors told that earth was mov- closure ing. This morning there wasn’t rounds the reservoir sound and came nearer could job, seemed strangely see there was movement, quiet. Usually from far down the men machinery the embank- road the roar power shovels, ments about the construction bulldozers, trucks and air-compres- office. smoke, smell gaso- line; nothing but unnatural si- lence. What was wrong? Nothing but rain wet frozen ground could stop this job because had freezing weather stopped the plac- ing earth fill the embank- ments. te stopped car the office and our superintendent came out meet me. Before could ask him what was wrong, told me; the gang 300 men had quit work early that morning, without warn- ing and without making any de- mands. Dropping picks and shovels and abandoning machinery, they left the job. Later committee five notified the superintendent that they wanted more wages! were building another job, dam, for the same client ten miles away and after quitting work the reservoir job about 200 the men boarded “borrowed” trucks and drove the dam. Warning was telephoned the superinten- dent there that the trucks loaded 32—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 ny . | 4 ‘ 4 — with strikers were their way shut his job down. The superin- tendent the dam felt sure his men did not want quit. They seemed perfectly satisfied and glad have work, sent for State police protect them. The police, due time arrived, but the strik- ers got there first! They jumped from their trucks, swarmed the dam and over it, taking tools from the workers’ hands and pulling operators off the shovels, trucks, bulldozers, rollers, etc. These men wanted work and tried get their tools and climb back their machines. Stones were be- ginning thrown between strikers and the workers when two State policemen arrived. their orders, quiet was restored and the whole crowd, strikers and workers alike, slowly and quietly left the job. Many the latter said they would rather stay and work but didn’t dare, the strikers would annoy them and possibly injure them going and from the job. both jobs shut down, involving some 500 men, most whom wanted and all needed work. were working then under the contractors’ code the paying 40c. hour for common labor, therein prescribed the minimum for this class labor and higher rates, required for semi-skilled and skilled labor various types. Cleaner Water, Better Coal The jobs are the anthracite coal region eastern Pennsylvania and were being built for one the coal mining companies, de- velop new water supply such ample proportions that the coal could all washed with clean water, instead with acid-bearing dirty, culm-bearing water, which customarily used for this pur- pose practically all anthracite coal mining companies. was ex- pected that this clean water would produce cleaner coal and there- fore, more marketable coal, which would increase production and help keep the miners employed. Fur- thermore, the labor was recruited from the unemployed the mining towns and many whom had thus been kept working for nearly two years. was for these two reasons that the coal company decided spend about $1,000,000 this project during the depression from their own resources, without Government aid; namely, keep large num- ber their employees working and enable the company pro- duce superior coal, the improved quality which would increase sales and operating time and thus employ more men the mines and breakers for larger number days per year. and about the coal mines the common labor wage, set the mine scale, per hour. were only paying 40c. for construc- tion work. The towns that re- gion pay 57.8c. for labor munic- ipal work, but contractors road jobs, buildings, etc., not municipal, paid 40c. less. The local Works Division pays 50c. per hour. Few the men were experienced ordinary construction work. the Spot! There were, with both jobs shut down, with about month’s work needed put them service, with winter coming and strong possibility not being able com- plete the work the strike con- tinued. Our clients had been urg- ing speed all the fall insure completion, the jobs were loaded with men and machinery rush them through, the water THE IRON AGE, April 1936—33 3 ; ) n would most needed the winter, when production This all occurred Thursday, Nov. Investigation disclosed that the immediate cause the disturbance was group few young men who were the pipe line were laying from the dam the reservoir, and who were helping the pipe layers. They had never before laid pipe their lives and had been working only few days this pipe job, but apparently they felt they deserved more wages. They did not ask the superinten- dent about it, but apparently talked the matter over among themselves until they all decided strike and thus the trouble started. The day after the strike, committee met with the superintendent the pipe line and offered resume work the ground that the 40c. rate was accordance with the con- tractor’s code and was the basis which the estimates cost had been figured. The United Mine Workers then stepped in, well the Ameri- can Federation Labor, and the local representatives these two organizations, with committee the hastily formed Clay Workers Union (our striking laborers) asked for meeting Saturday morn- ing. met with them and had quiet, fair discussion the mat- ter. put the facts, saw them, before them and they, turn, asked for the best could do. crowd stood waiting outside the door, which was guarded police, hear the decision. told them had previous idea there was dissatisfaction; told them would always glad listen and consider fairly any com- plaints, but there had been none, supposed everyone was satis- 34—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 fied. They asked for offer something better than 40c., which replied that had none make. told them that were preparing shut the jobs down, were dismantling machinery and putting away for the winter and had intention working any more this year. they did not want work 40c., was their doing—not ours, they stopped the work, didn’t, and any step toward agreement must come from them—so the meeting ad- journed. Preparing the jobs for shut-down over the winter con- tinued through the following week. Comes the Pacifier Monday, the 12th, eleven days after the strike, representative the State Department Labor and Industry arrived assist the settlement the strike. Who, anyone, sent for him, did not know. Shortly after the arrival this State representative, were approached with offer resume operation 50c. hour, which refused, and later offer was made and accepted Wednesday, Nov. 14. After sub- mitting this offer the Clay Work- ers Union meeting, where was approved, the men went back work Thursday, Nov. 15, and after losing nearly two weeks, were again rushing against time and frost complete the jobs be- fore winter set in. Ninety-five per cent our em- ployees wanted continue work- ing and did not want strike, but five per cent made them follow their lead through fear! This the way the situation looked us: Here was our client, spending $1,000,000 keep many its employees work, includ- ing office force, engineers, labor- ers, mechanics, etc., for two years, produce improved product, which was hoped would result improved mine operation and better employment for the miners. One month before the job was fin- ished they struck, and struck against the N.R.A. wage scale, be- cause wouldn’t pay them the mine scale. They were not expe- rienced out-door construction men, the only training they had received was from us. certainly seemed ungrateful, say the least. the meeting had with the committee, several them ad- mitted all this and one, least, said didn’t want strike, but was easy for few influence many more until became intimi- dation. Most them stopped work, not because they wanted because they were not satisfied, but because they were physically afraid not quit. The ones who stirred the trouble were young men, unskilled, inexperienced the work and whose fathers prob- ably were miners getting few days’ work month. They were irresponsible youths, inspired with the prevailing atmosphere dis- satisfaction with whatever is. They evidently thought the coal company would notify its contractor anything get the job finished before winter. They thought they had bad hole and could put the screws. What's the Use? discouraging when com- pany primes its own pump, doesn’t Uncle Sam for help all, reduces its available cash $1,000,000 create work for its own unemployed, with the hope small return itself, and then receives this kind treatment. There small temptation for others when there recipro- cation all! 4 } é 4 hazards and high costs con- veying acid for processing and dispos- ing the resulting corrosive wastes have created major prob- lem the steel and metal-finishing indus- tries. Leaking acid lines not only result loss valuable ma- terial, but endanger workers and corrode equipment. Acid wastes escaping from leaking sew- ground and undermine foundations and structures. The rubber indus- try offered the first contribution the solution this problem the ing for pickling tanks. The new Flexlock rubber pipe joint, devel- oped the Goodrich Co., should result equally important economies and improvements, since offers permanent, corrosion- 2—First, gasket placed the bell socket Good LuBR! Rubber Provides Corrosion-Proof Joint For Ceramic Pipe application ceramic pipe for acid handling service materially broadened the development the new Flexlock joint proof seal and makes available low cost ceramic pipe for heretofore impractical service. The Flexlock Rubber Joint, while principle adaptable all kinds available only for ceramic pipe made Its use restricted low pressure service, usually lim- IG. 3—The inside surface the rubber the outside contact surface the spigot are lubricated with special liquid adapted for use with rubber in., and temperatures not exceeding 175 deg. Fahr. The joint consists rubber ring having internal and external circumferential ribs which form the seal. While the ring per- mits easy insertion the spigot, the shape these corrugations, combined with the re- silience the rubber, forms multiple seal which under the effect pressure and line stress only makes the joint tighter. the new joint simple and can visualized from the accompanying illustrations the three steps involved. Because the joint design the pipe automatically self-centered and self-alining and there degree flexibility not attained solid joint construction. 4—The spigot then moved into place propelling into the bell, thus engaging the joint THE IRON AGE, April 1936—35 ’ J - > ’ \ BS 1 ag 1 y 1G. portion rock crusher shaft mounted the lathe, the torch flame being applied expand prior inserting the 4-in. pin. The stub end the broken shaft held readiness chain hoist. 7 Broken Shalt Rock Crusher IRWIN Air Reduction Sales Co., Minneapolis interesting recent application (or bronze) welding that salvaged broken shaft large rock crush- er, thereby saving the expense parts displacement, described and illustrated this article. 36—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 This rock crusher shaft in. diameter, ft. length, and weighs tons. has large fluted manganese steel cone pressed and keyed it, and held place with two large locknuts. The break was between one the bearings and the cone, ft. from one end, point where the diameter was in. The accident put out com- mission the rock crushing plant which the machine used. the cost new shaft would have been between $1,400 and $1,500, was decided try re- pairing the broken part weld- ing. Several welders were called in, but, after looking the job over, all them expressed doubt whether the shaft could success- fully welded. Finally braze weld- ing was suggested, adequate fa- cilities, such suitable crane equipment, large enough lathe, crane, lathe, etc., were not avail- “ ae = ° ° ° “a able the rock crushing plant, the broken shaft was shipped nearby foundry machine shop, and the work repair immediately started. First the manganese steel cone was removed means 50-ton hydraulic ram. Then, the big prob- lem, course, was that main- taining alinement and, that, the main portion the shaft was placed the lathe and 4-in. diameter, 12-in. deep hole was 2—Preheating the assembled shaft parts, for welding, brick furnace built the lathe bed. assure uniform heat- ing the shaft was revolved from time time. raze Welding bored into the shaft the center the broken surface. similar hole was then bored into the smaller portion. steel pin 4.004 in. diameter and in. long was turned the lathe, and small groove was cut the entire length the pin permit air escape when the pin was being pressed into place. This was followed heating the prepared ends the shaft with preheating torch expand them, and then shrinking the pin liquid air. When all was readi- ness, the 4-in. oversize pin was forced into the hole the large portion the rock crusher, which was supported the lathe rolling steadyrest. Then the end the crusher shaft, held ready chain hoist, was pushed into place. The parts were found should have been said that while the main portion the THE IRON AGE, April 1936—37 2 ig e- r i- e e ’ > | e > shaft and the stub were the lathe, they were beveled veed sufficiently weld, and three 1-in. holes were drilled into the surface each end. The holes were then tapped and the studs were screwed into them assist,in resisting the 4—The orig- inal were screwed the difficulty. Screw threads tected during weld- ing asbestos paper torque, similar reinforcing rods concrete. After the two parts were prop- erly assembled previously de- scribed, preheating furnace was built the bed the lathe, shown Fig. The furnace was charged with charcoal the parts for three hours, 38—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 revolving the shaft the lathe slowly from time time as- sure uniform heating. the end the preheating period sufficient number the bricks was removed permit in- troduction the welding torches. One welding torch was applied one side the lathe and another the other side, the operators standing platforms constructed for the purpose. During the weld- ing operation the shaft volved slowly from time time. When the welding was completed, the bricks were removed and the shaft again revolved, assure uniform cooling. The actual weld- ing time was hr. When entirely cool, which was the next morning, the shaft was found only 0.007 in. out The job was done Close-up rock crusher shaft after the braze welding. smoothly that machining was necessary, not even the threads the locknuts, which threads had been wrapped with asbestos paper during the welding Ma- terials used for this job were 125 lb. Airco No. bronze, Marvel flux, 500 cu. ft. acety- lene, and 440 cu. ft. oxygen. ingenious signaling system for communication between the inspector and strip mill operator has been installed the Youngstown Sheet Tube Co. new 79-in. continuous hot-strip mill Campbell, Ohio. synchro-tie principle developed the Westinghouse Electric Mfg. Co., the system provides spector with means reporting deviation from the accepted quality the strip that the correction may made the operator. Two identical inspector’s trans- mitters are located the coiler and piler, since the inspector will one the other location depending whether the strip being coiled cut into short lengths and piled. The receiver located the operator’s station and perma- nently connected with the two transmitters that signal from any one will recorded the other two. the front each station dial, identically marked, and single hand. The synchro-tie interconnects the stations that the movement the pointer any station will cause the other two Provisions are made the units cannot energized unless they are all the same This insures the units being syn- chronized and also avoids the pos- ECEIVER installed Youngstown Sheet Tube Co. which informs the operator when the inspector requires correction. sibility any unit running away. All three units have lights in- dicate when the system ener- gized and ready for use. When operation, for example, the inspector might find the strip coming through 0.002 in. over the correct gage. moves the pointer his transmitter the point marked “Down 2.” The pointer the receiver the mill immediately RANSMITTER stalled Youngstown Sheet Tube Co. for the inspector sig- nal the operator assumes the same position, and gong sounds attract the atten- tion the operator. The position the receiver pointer tells him change the screwdown setting reduce the thickness the sheet 0.002 in. Having made this correction, the operator moves the receiver pointer back the origi- nal position. This shuts off the gong and causes the trans- mitter pointer return the original position. The inspector thus notified that his signal has been received and the apparatus ready for the next signal. THE IRON AGE, April 1936—39 Ate 7 = ANY recent innovations have served either enhance the appearance common metals extend their applicability. English tirm has new method bonding alloy steel onto mild steel, and another concern that country produces stainless surface steel inducing chromium atoms interchange with some the surface iron atoms. Still another company marketing Pylumin powder, solution which used produce quickly and cheaply corrosion- resistant surface aluminum which also ideal base for paint, enamel, etc. beam used Japanese graduate student for smelting and refining iron, steel and non-ferrous metals. Nitchi-Nitchi says will revolutionize the steel industry. French road builders are applying cast iron blocks directly onto sand underbed, and operating results are said very encouraging. Another Metal Bonding Process EMAND growing for steel plate surfaced with alloys the stainless variety. Improved structural and corrosion-resisting properties are obtained balanc- ing the essential attributes sev- eral metals, and economic advan- tages arise from minimum use expensive alloys with the bulk Mild steel veneered with stain- less alloy example. The most common American procedure build composite ingot vari- ous ways and subsequently roll out the bimetal. The two metals can be, and sometimes are, welded to- gether, mechanically fused together while hot, possible (but not 40—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 very practicable) solder them. Which all leads the fact that Gordon, metallurgist for Spear Jackson, Ltd., Aetna Works, Sheffield, England, has just announced entirely new metal- bonding (uniting) process which the subject world-wide patents. Mr. Gordon refuses divulge details the operation, admits resembles welding, but claims not welding and gives results un- attainable welding. Public dem- onstrations have proven that two- ply assemblies, provided each metal included has melting point above 2190 deg. F., can rolled, severely stressed, heat treated, and machined with- out any way impairing the bond. These claims are demonstrated specimens shown Fig. considerable interest the scope the process. One specimen which has been exhibited made layers different steels, and another specimen has been built seven layers austenitic stainless sandwiched with six lay- ers other steels. Naturally this process admi- rably suited applying costly spe- cial steel onto cheap mild steel. More remarkable, however, the claim that can used tread rails with manganese steel, coat safe plates and auto springs, and build hacksaw blades with high- speed teeth and carbon steel backs. Another the inventor’s claims that can cheaply veneer stain- less onto mild steel and roll the composite down that the stain- less coating 0.0015 in. thinner. envisions this composite metal doing everything stainless steel will now do, but, addition, being used for entirely new applications, such ship hulls, railroad cars and structures, motor car bodies, and other purposes now dominated low-cost galvanized iron. Most re- search men admit that such appli- cations will eventually ensue, and therefore possible that Mr. Gordon’s method the key for opening these outlets. ° Dr. Honda Impressed REPORT being circulated the effect that Dr. Honda impressed the invention young Japanese student, Hideyuki Kikuchi, which specifies the use “electric beam wave” for smelt- ing, which “dissolves” ores mixed invention purportedly sounds the death knell blast, Bessemer, and open-hearth furnaces. Dr. Honda president the Tohoku Imperial University; any technical paper from that univer- = at | ; : : ° and sity, even some outside papers, always meticulously thanks Dr. Honda for his suggestions, help and inspiration. The statement that Dr. Honda impressed car- ries much weight Japan, even foreign technical circles, much this country Dr. Einstein were quoted being enthusi- astic about mathematical dis- covery. Just how impressed Dr. Honda Mr. Kikuchi’s dis- covery, THE IRON AGE now try- ing determine. This new method processing steel, for which “revolution the steel industry” claimed, merely one many others designed revamp practices the heavy in- dustries. Technicians realize that the years will witness many changes, but there generally universal skepticism concerning “revolutionary” processes. This skepticism based many past disappointments. The Kikuchi procedure has been patented countries, although the Japanese patent authorities are said have had difficulty grasp- ing the fundamentals. stated that high grade steel can made “at ridiculously low cost,” leading the belief will soon un- necessary for Japan import $60,000,000 worth iron and steel annually. usual with other revolutionary discoveries, broad claims are made. For instance, Kikuchi believes that other metals such iridium, tungsten, alumi- num, and chromium will respond Nitchi, Japanese newspaper, states that significant that “both the Nippon Seitetsu Kaisha and the South Manchurian oil shale works Fushum, upon hearing ° LIPPERT Metallurgical Editor, The Age the invention, reconsidered their intention ordering larger con- ventional furnaces many.” Roads idea paving America’s highways with cast iron does not seem have been adequately propagandized. Any large-scale acceptance this new paving ma- terial would definite boon for mines, railroads, blast furnaces and that conspicuous depression victim, the foundry. There attractive potential market here; for repave existing dirt rural roads alone would require more pig iron than was produced all domestic furnaces last year. The idea paving roads with iron was conceived Europe and has reached moderate state development and acceptance there. Several American concerns have at- tacked the problem during the past year so. this country, trial sections laid down for heavy traf- fic have shown that iron pavements are more durable than other road materials, compare favorably cost, reduce tire wear, minimize skidding, and are easily repaired. Numerous different shapes iron blocks have been developed, and most these have been de- scribed THE IRON AGE. Usually these blocks are designed anchor concrete underbed. However, modified block, adapted for lay- ing sand roads, has been de- scribed the French magazine, Travaux. Blocks this type are — the efficiency new English metal-bonding process. the left mild steel plate surfaced with monel metal both sides and subse- quently crushed under 80-ton press. the right three-ply assembly severely deformed without rupturing; the specimen mild steel with and stainless one side and 0.80 the other. THE IRON AGE, April Ay > hy ° ° | 4; ° ° ° 23 = . id | TA jot ‘ sketched Fig. They are hex- agonal form, the upper surface may molded any pattern deemed most suitable for prevent- ing skidding, underneath there projecting hollow triangle with internal radial ribs, and each corner there projection. These projections intercalate when the blocks are laid, thus distributing the load. For light duty, the blocks weigh lb. apiece, and, when laid, there are three. blocks per sq. ft. The road resilient and noiseless. well drained there sand being washed away. Deformation usually occurs long waves and not potholes. The blocks are laid directly the stand without using joint- ing material, and workman can lay about 320 sq. ft. each hour. Chrome Coated Steel OOPER PRODUCTS, Inc., Cleveland, has Chromizing process, which similar principle case hardening, calorizing, etc. applied mild steel, duced containing per cent chromium. This shell said have all the desirable properties stainless steel. The operation consists packing the steel chromium powder and other com- pounds, heating above 1850 deg. F., and retaining this tempera- ture for time determined the desired coating thickness. similar nature English patent Hertel and Becker for introducing chromium into the surface articles steel iron interchange with iron atoms. The treated surface resists rust and acid attack. The articles are placed reaction chamber to- gether with solid chromium chlo- ride, and the temperature raised about 1560 1740 deg. (i.e., about the temperature case hardening), with the upper limit preferable. carrying out the process, the solid chromium chlo- ride vaporizes and reaction occurs between the vapor the chloride and the surface the article, with formation iron chloride and liberation chromium metal, the chromium and iron atoms thus in- terchanging. possible syn- 42—THE IRON AGE, April 1936 sand underbed. thetically prepare the chromium chloride step the process. this case chlorine hydrogen chloride led into the reaction chamber and first passed over heated chromium ferrochrome before reaching the article treated. ° New Aluminum Coating ONDERIZING has been used many years here provide base for paint finishes iron and 2—Cast iron block design for laying directly jointing material Likewise, founders experi- used. Cheapness, durability and speed laying ence considerable difficulty makes this block ideal for both permanent and temporary roads. steel. This procedure further Pyrene Co., Ltd., Middlesex, England, and process for similarly coating alu- minum has been the outcome. This new Pylumin process can operated unskilled labor, and the coating formed not only pro- tective but forms cohesive bond for paints lacquers and enamels. Application entails mixing quan- tity Pylumin powder boiling water, forming solution that re- acts quickly aluminum and con- verts the surface into non-metal- lic film complex Regarding the chemical action, the company states that the solution “converts microscopically thin portion t