The Iron Age 1935-09-12: Vol 136 Iss 11

THE IRON AGE ... SEPTEMBER 12, 1935 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol More A\bout Potatoes— MONG the many letters that were inspired the editorial The Age August was one from Pittsburgh picturing the sad dilemma mill worker forced become part time farmer. could not answered letter, like the rest, for Mike forgot mention his address, and not subscriber The Iron Age. the chance that Mike's boss may call his attention our suggested solution his problem publish his letter and our answer below: Dear Editor: worried account wife going jail and don’t have one thousand dollars. The reason when the company put part time with nothing but help the boss wash the windows, they plowed some land behind the mill and gave each some for garden raise potatoes and corn. Well Mrs. Derosky next door come over and says Lena can you let have some spuds for dinner and Lena says yes, trade for some sugar. Mrs. Derosky has extra sugar and gives Lena the money for the spuds, Foreman sees your paper where Congress passed law that mill workers with gardens can’t sell spuds. Don’t they know all mill workers now part time farmers but can’t get Government relief account work hours per week, the mill and the garden. Please, Mr. Editor, can you tell how keep Lena out jail account she ain’t got shoes and them jail floors isn’t good bare feet. Yours truly, Mike Kasinski. Dear Mike: not worry about Lena having cold feet jail. Potato bootlegging Federal, not State offense and our Federal penitentiaries provide all inmates with comfortable carpet slippers. Then too, the time they get around Lena’s case there will probably such large waiting list convicted potato bootleggers that the Federal jails will all crowded, this event, the bonus armies now being housed Government camps throughout the South keep them from marching Washington may evacuated (after election), and these resorts turned into concentration camps for potato convicts. Lena can get along without shoes Pittsburgh, she won’t mind the sunny South. But why not have Lena qualify full time farmer? take that you put the hours the mill and she puts most the the garden. Let her all the garden work and you keep hands off. Then she will eligible for not raising pigs something the sort and she goes into the not-raising business big enough scale, you can quit your job the mill and run for Congress. They could use few good practical men there next year and God knows you couldn’t make any more mistakes than the members the last Congress did. With best wishes you and Lena, Sincerely, 136, No. — Cast lron Plate Roo New Enduring Qualities Material Give Pronounced INDUSTRIAL roofing broad and pertinent in- terest. The extensive field utility, the essential re- quirements good roofing and constant new demands for special plant service are all fundamental considerations the selection the best and most efficient material for the particular job. With the rather numerous developments the line roofing products re- cent years there wide range such materials now the mar- ket for the attention the pro- spective purchaser—some distinct- meritorious and others that have yet demonstrate their actual value. The latter statement made ad- visedly, as, after all, time the all-important factor that tells the story. Regardless initial points advantage presumable low cost, may said, the roofing material will not stand under the wear and tear the natural elements from day day, and re- quires continual maintenance IRON AGE, September 1935 replacements the years mature, there little commend the owner new industrial building, or, the terms the expanding tendency the day, for the mod- ernization existing factory structure. The idea] industrial roof has cer- tain definite and known factors that lend instinctively this particular service. These may summed briefly low first cost commensurate with the life the material; ease and economy con- struction; low cost repairs and maintenance; positive resistance fire and the elements; resistance destructive fumes other char- acteristics individual plant op- erations tending such ends. For material lay claim all these one thing; prove time-tried performance quite an- other. First-grade cast iron has en- viable record enduring ma- terial, record that covers al- most endless variety class and character service. turn this natural inherent ability account specific and adaptable roofing product presents some interesting considerations, the same time re- flecting the broadening field and possibilities this product the foundry. reality, the applica- tion not new any means, but dates back hundreds years. Out- standing examples testify the value cast iron for this purpose. Durability Demonstrated Time According Albert Wetten- gel, American Zinc, Lead Smelt- ing Co., St. Louis, who has given considerable time research this subject, the oldest existing cast iron roofing seems that the famous Chinese temple Tai Shan, sacred mountain that country and still mecca for thou- sands pilgrims annually. Three buildings forming this group, con- structed about 500 years ago, historical records indicate, are pro- vided with cast iron roofs, still service and, what more, excel- lent condition after five centuries time. Another notable specimen cast iron roofing that the Adva great iron umns was 1870, all been any any ing cisco, longe Built Foun iron most time, pass Fran area, terial ing pied tion recor great dome the national capitol Washington, constructed cast iron roof plates, floor plates, col- umns and railings. The material was cast 1861 and installed 1870, about years ago. And all this period time there has been necessity for repairs any the cast iron elements, any maintenance cost whatever. The well-known Cast Iron Build- ing California Street, San Fran- cisco, has about the same record longevity the Capitol dome. Built 1873 the Hinckley Foundry Co. that city, cast iron units made its plant, this structure not only has withstood most effectively the ravages time, but was the only building pass through the disastrous San Francisco fire 1906 within its area, when all other structural ma- terials suffered severely. The ing regular use today, occu- pied the American Trust Co. distinctly industrial applica- tion cast iron roofing, with record more than years Service, found the factory EMPLE cast iron roof 500 years old. the Foundry erected 1872 for the production high-wheel bicycles and similar specialties, unique those days. While the industry now but memory, the cast iron roofs are still there, intact and serviceable, and, what decidedly interesting, not cent has been expended for maintenance repairs since the time installation, years ago, exact. New Cast Plate Roofing recent departure its business, the United States Pipe Foundry Co., Burlington, J., leading manufacturer cast iron pressure pipe, has designed and perfected cast iron roofing ma- terial for industrial buildings. This iron unit and method installa- tion are individual and distinc- tive character, with broad range flexibility for various types plant structures. The cast iron plates, they may termed, pat- ented, are sold under the trade name Usicast. make for lowest production ide Adaptability Service costs, with accordant advantages the user, the iron plate unit with its few required accessories are standardized. The regular foundry equipment the company being used for manufacture. per- fected method blocking the molds, possible produce these cast iron plates numerous variety, meeting all general re- quirements for high-grade indus- trial roofing. Specifically, the plate roof recommended for installa- tions with roof slopes not less ridges, hips valleys, well roofing vents allied features, have bearing, the facility the design and installation pro- vides fully for any and all condi- tions this kind. Thus the use has particular set limits roof design. Plate—Cap Plate This new industrial roofing composed essentially two main units—a standard cast iron plate and cap plate. The former THE IRON AGE, September 12, F-M Type QZC Enclosed Fan Cooled Motor show- ing end shield removed. Note fan shaft. F-M totally enclosed dust-proof motor provides its own two-direction ventilation—seals out metal dust and abrasives Here's motor that never gets into trouble because flying metal dust and abrasives that could get into stator windings score its shaft. protected power for every machine tool need. Motor efficiency steps high when the tool new and stays high throughout its life. Its own specially developed two-way ven- tilation system, including two non-clogging one-piece fans, and its cast-iron enclosing shields guarantee that the motor will not fail the presence dust, dirt, metallic particles, steam, moisture, abrasives even corrosive gases fumes the air. Fairbanks-Morse has built into this motor net only its traditional dependability, but extra margin structural refinement and capacity guarantee correct opera- tion under severe service conditions. And yet takes more mounting room and requires more greasing other atten- tion than standard ball-bearing motor. Before you buy specify motor for any purpose, see Fairbanks-Morse first. pays. Fairbanks, Morse Co., 900 Wabash Ave., Chicago, branches your service throughout the United States. See this and other F-M Motors our booth the Machine Tool Show. Come and examine the many motor models which will shown the various stages construction. THE AGE, September 1935— MOTORS 333 7 POWER,PUMPING AND WEIGHING EQUIPMENT 7 CONE AREA-CONTACT WORM GEARS NOW PRODUCTION BASIS that complete and practical solutions the prob- lems involved the production Cone Area-Contact Worm have been reached, the amazing advantages this ideal type gear are available for wide applica- tion industry. The Cone Worm Gear, named after its inventor, Samuel Cone, realizes practice principle long recognized possessing important advantages, yet for many years impossible production quan- tity because rational cutting method practical tool equipment had been developed. Continuous area contact over the STRAIGHT Line contact the full depth teeth, compared point contact full depth the several meshing teeth has been achieved for the first time the Cone Worm Gear, re- sulting long train operating advantages. Cone Worm Gears afford times much tooth area contact given time the ordinary straight line type. The consequent distribu- tion pressure results less wear, less heat generation, ideal lubrica- tion, greater smoothness and silence, and proved efficiency high highest ever recorded. Besides having the highest load- carrying capacity any worm gear given size, Cone Area-Contact Worm Gearing operation natur- ally provides cushioning oil film. wears in, instead “wearing out,” free and oper- ates lower ¢ost per horse power transmitted than any other known worm 334—THE IRON AGE, September 1935 Furthermore, this gearing pos- sesses wider range applications Showing how area contact occurs simultancously between worm flanks and all meshing wheel teeth —continuous operation 30,000 r.p.m.—intermittent operation four revolutions per hour under extreme loads—gear ratios high are examples standard conditions under which Cone Worm Gearing operating. The whole secret the success the Cone Area-Contact Worm Gear lies the practicability the method and the means which manufactured: gen- eration both worm and wheel blanks without cutting away stock essential the finished tooth form. Corner Michigan Company plant showing several types Cone Area-Contact Worm Gears production the solution the appar- ently simple, but exceedingly intricate production riddle repre- sented Cone Area-Contact Worm Gearing, cutting tools and machines for both large and small scale pro- duction covering the complete range sizes, gear ratios and capacities have been developed. This ma- chinery available for manufac- turers who choose set their MICHIGAN TOOL DETROIT, MICHIGAN own production and also in- stalled standard equipment for manufacture gears the Michi- gan Tool Company supply cus- tomers’ requirements. Complete information covering technical data Cone Area-Con- tact Worm Gears, well details relating production, operation and applicability, will gladly supplied response inquiry. COMPANY } | | j } Unit Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation COORDINATION | i and coordination. Without these, have the wail dis- cords. Similarly, making the high quality the finished product depends upon skill and coordination. The correct use the proper ferro-alloys point Since 1906 Electromet has been making the right ferro- alloys. Meta will show you how use them under the conditions. you are not iar with this let send you copy the folder Products and Service.” Write for CARBIDE and CARBON BUILDING EAST 42nd STREET NEW THE IRON AGE, September 1935—347 i ‘ i & » ~~ ~ Wright Hoist proves itself—point the right hoist The Wright Improved High Speed Hoist has points superiority. Four these points (Nos. 2,8 and the above illustration) will particularly impress you. The zinc- coated finish—found only Wright Hoists. Precision ball bearings positively grease-sealed with ground inner and outer races. Load-chain safety guard which prevents load chain from riding out pocket, regardless position hoist. 13. increases efficiency, reduces wear and assures alignment point greatest speed. The four features alone assure that the Wright proved High Speed Hoist you get the right hoist. And you'll just much impressed the rest the points. Write for full information the Wright Improved High Speed Hoist and its application your specific hoisting problem. WRIGHT MANUFACTURING DIVISION THE AMERICAN CHAIN COMPANY, Incorporated YORK, PENNSYLVANIA Business for Your Safety 348—THE IRON AGE, September 1935 JUST BETWEEN TWO They Think It's Wonderful ERY likely Mr. Heinz believes that the mouth that bites into another brand pickle belongs head that should examined. Mr. Chrysler must shake his head wonderment over those who choose other than Dodge, Chrysler Plymouth. The same goes for Mr. Squibb and his toothpaste and on. While pride product natural and admirable, does not make for exact calibration the sense values. You would not think, for example, asking Mr. Marx, Hart Schaffner Marx, list the first five makes men’s ready-made clothing order quality. You would suspect that Mr. Marx’ personal interest would influence his judgment. Pride product rife the trade paper field elsewhere. Breathes there publisher with soul dead that does not believe readers would wither and die without his paper? That why you are perfectly right salting generously any opinion the importance his paper its readers. And that why never tire shouting from the housetops that independent investigations reader-interest usually find The Iron Age standing lonely eminence the column headed, “Publications found most useful.” Cashes Bible the tolerant, superlative-hating Oberleutnant detect signs the overwhelming pride product that must obsess Messrs. Heinz, Chrysler, Squibb and on. him seems inconceivable that anyone the industry can continue metabolize without reading The Iron Age. When con- fronted with evidence that this feat, while difficult, not im- possible, bares his teeth and mutters, “How can such things be!” For example, here New Jersey tool manufacturer who writes: not have time read any papers except the Bible; therefore, you can remove our name from your “The Lord gave His promise ‘My shall prosper and are simple enough believe His promises and are cashing without hav- ing the wisdom this world.” They Found the Key LTHOUGH the “transporting troops” problem (p. 91, IA) was too much for the office mathematical genius, “Just- Between-Us-Two-ers” found child’s-play. solution manufacturers paper working machinery, Camden, J.: your mathematical wizard find the least common multiple the figures from 10. When gets this number, deduct one from it. transported across the stream.’’ Gumdrop Dipped Vinegar pig and feed man again. thinks our puzzles are ridiculously easy, and, what worse, proves it. But takes out the sting adding graciously: like The Iron Age. The editorials and articles economics and economic problems are very good. They contain much sound, conservative sense that other sources information often lack.” Never Knew Had One “make-up” trade paper like your stomach. When you are not conscious functioning satisfactorily. Stodgy make-up tires your eyes. Bizarre typographical effects distract your eyes and interfere with the main purpose the paper, which convey useful information painlessly possible from the printed page into your cerebrum. Western paper manufacturer writes: “We have customer who very much impressed with the general make-up The Iron Age. are People who specialize the arrangement type and pictures frequently praise the make-up The Iron Age. rather than argue with experts will admit that Frank Winters, who converts long galleys type and stacks cuts into neat pages, good his job. Rest Your Feet booth the Machine Tool Exposition, Cleveland, A-1. Drop when you feel you need rest. the chairs are all taken members the staff, announce yourself cash customer giving the Fascist salute and chair will vacated for you immediately.—A.H.D. THE | | CHESTNUT AND STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Sales Offices WEST 39TH STREET NEW YORK, Owned, Published and Copyrighted CHILTON COMPANY Executive and Publication Offices, Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia, MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, ERNEST HASTINGS, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR Secretary FRITZ FRANK, President VAN DEVENTER Editor LACHER Managing Editor Editor Emeritus GERKEN News Editor MILLER Machinery Editor Washington Chicago Cleveland Pittsburgh Detroit Boston Cincinnati —September 12, 1935 Cutting Tools Keep Pace with Polish Intensifies Sales Welding Speeds Pipe Line Joining Handles Pan Late Returns from Laboratory and Mill.............. Statistics Metal-Working Activity................ Construction and Equipment Buying.................. BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager, Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Emerson Findley, 311 Union Cleveland Published every Thursday. Subserip- Hottenstein, 802 Otis Chicago tion United States and Pos- Peirce Lewis. Woodward Detroit sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- Chilton Chestnut 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. ada, $8.50, including duty; 239 39th New York $12.00 year. Single copy, cents. 428 Park West 39th St.. New York e n ion with goo ica ize Bethlehem tern spelter and tion. composi prime wes that counts uniform gauge. rust their copper-bearing ease ice presen measure, Galvanized Sheets. and evenly galvan accurately sheared and desirable qualities, plus the inherent resistance ERA THE IRON AGE ... SEPTEMBER 12, 1935 ESTABLISHED Vol. 136, No. More A\bout Potatoes— MONG the many letters that were inspired the editorial The Age August was one from Pittsburgh picturing the sad dilemma mill worker forced become part time farmer. could not answered letter, like the rest, for Mike forgot mention his address, and not subscriber The Age. the chance that Mike's boss may call his attention our solution his problem publish his letter and our answer below: Dear Editor: worried account wife going jail and don’t have one thousand dollars. The reason when the company put part time with nothing but help the boss wash the windows, they plowed some land behind the mill and gave each some for garden raise potatoes and Well Mrs. Derosky next door come over and says Lena can you let have some spuds for dinner and Lena says yes, trade for some sugar. Mrs. Derosky has extra sugar and gives Lena the money for the Foreman sees your paper where Congress passed law that mill workers with gardens can’t sell spuds. Don’t they know all mill workers now part time farmers but can’t get Government relief account work hours per week, the mill and the garden. Please, Mr. Editor, can you tell how keep Lena out jail account she ain’t got shoes and them jail floors isn’t good bare feet. Yours truly, Mike Kasinski. Dear Mike: not worry about Lena having cold feet jail. Potato bootlegging Federal, not State offense and our Federal penitentiaries provide all inmates with carpet slippers. Then too, the time they get around Lena’s case there will probably such large waiting list convicted potato bootleggers that the Federal jails will all this event, the bonus armies now being housed Government camps throughout the South keep them from marching Washington may evacuated (after election), and these resorts turned into concentration camps for convicts. Lena can get along without shoes Pittsburgh, she mind the sunny South. But why not have Lena qualify full time farmer? take that you put the hours the mill and she puts most the the garden. Let her all the garden work and you keep hands off. Then she will eligible for not raising pigs something the sort and she goes into the not-raising business big enough scale, you can quit your job the mill and run for Congress. They could use few good practical men there next year and God knows you couldn’t make any more mistakes than the members the last Congress did. With best wishes you and Lena, Sincerely, f 4 q L a . F Cast lron Plate New Enduring Qualities Material Give Pronounced INDUSTRIAL roofing broad and pertinent in- terest. The extensive field utility, the essential re- quirements good roofing and constant new demands for special plant service are fundamental considerations the selection the best and most efficient material for the particular job. With the rather numerous developments the line roofing products re- cent years there wide range such materials now the mar- ket for the attention the pro- spective purchaser—some distinct- meritorious and others that have yet demonstrate their actual value. The latter statement made ad- visedly, as, after all, time the all-important factor that tells the story. Regardless initial points advantage presumable low cost, may said, the roofing material will not stand under the wear and tear the natural elements from day day, and re- quires continual maintenance 10—THE IRON AGE, September 1935 replacements the years mature, there little commend the owner new industrial building, or, the terms the expanding tendency the day, for the mod- ernization existing factory structure. The industrial roof has cer- tain definite and known factors that lend instinctively this particular service. These may summed briefly low first cost commensurate with the life the material; ease and economy con- struction; low cost repairs and maintenance; positive resistance fire and the elements; resistance destructive fumes other char- acteristics individual plant op- erations tending such ends. For material lay claim all these one thing; prove time-tried performance quite an- other. First-grade cast iron has en- viable record enduring ma- terial, record that covers al- most endless variety class and character service. turn this natural inherent ability account specific and adaptable roofing product presents some interesting considerations, the same time re- flecting the broadening field and possibilities this product the foundry. reality, the applica- tion not new any means, but dates back hundreds years. Out- standing examples testify the value cast iron for this purpose. Durability Demonstrated Time According Albert Wetten- gel, American Zinc, Lead Smelt- ing Co., St. Louis, who has given considerable time research this subject, the oldest existing cast iron roofing seems that famous Chinese temple Tai Shan, sacred mountain that country and still mecca for thou- sands pilgrims annually. Three buildings forming this group, con- structed about 500 years ago, historical records indicate, are pro- vided with cast iron roofs, still service and, what more, excel- lent condition after five centuries time. Another notable specimen cast iron roofing that the ” | | | | grea umn was 1870 all | been any ing cisco Built Four | struc most time, pass Fran area, teria. ing pied tion recor servi EMPLE cast iron roof 500 old. the Foundry great dome the national capitol Washington, constructed cast iron roof plates, floor plates, col- umns and railings. The material was cast 186i and installed 1870, about years ago. And all this period time there has been necessity for repairs any the cast iron elements, any maintenance cost whatever. The well-known Cast Iron Build- ing California Street, San Fran- cisco, has about the same record longevity the Capitol dome. Built the Hinckley ‘Foundry Co. that city, cast iron units made its plant, this structure not only has withstood most effectively the ravages time, but was the only building pass through the disastrous San Francisco fire 1906 within its area, when other structural ma- terials suffered severely. The ing regular use today, occu- pied the American Trust Co. distinctly industrial applica- tion cast iron roofing, with record more than years service, found the factory erected 1872 for the production high-wheel bicycles and similar specialties, unique those days. While the industry now but memory, the cast iron roofs are still there, ‘intact and serviceable, and, what decidedly interesting, not cent has been expended for maintenance repairs since the time installation, years ago, exact. New Cast Plate Roofing recent departure its business, the United States Pipe Foundry Co., Burlington, J., leading manufacturer cast iron pressure pipe, has designed and perfected cast iron roofing ma- terial for industrial buildings. This iron unit and method installa- tion are individual and distinc- tive character, with broad range flexibility for various types plant structures. The cast iron plates, they may termed, pat- ented, are sold. under the trade name Usicast. make for lowest production Advantages—W Adaptability Service costs, with accordant advantages the user, the iron plate unit with its few required accessories are standardized. The regular foundry equipment the company being used for manufacture. per- fected method blocking the these cast iron plates numefous variety, meeting all re- quirements for high-grade indus- trial roofing. Specifically, the Usicast plate roof recommended for installa- tions with roof slopes not less ridges, hips valleys, well roofing vents allied features, have bearing, the facility the design and installation pro- vides fully for any and all condi- tions this kind. Thus the use has particular set limits roof design. Plate—Cap Plate This new industrial roofing composed essentially two main units—a standard cast iron plate and cap plate. The former THE IRON AGE, September 12, < 2 | | ti 1 1 ‘ 4 a2 { q RIGHT AYING cast iron ridge roll plate. ABOVE cast iron roof. 4 q RIGHT iron dome, Capitol Building, Washington. 12—THE IRON AGE, September 12, 1935 | ‘ 5 | ill sta ple — single casting 3/16-in. thickness, in. long and in. wide. installation, this plate rests the roof purlins and forms the bulk roof area exposed the elements. Each plate unit weighs only with factor safety support ft. centers—more than times the requirements general building codes. Installed, the weight aver- ages less than per sq. ft., well within the specifications approved modern construction. AYING roof plates. The cast iron plate provided with flanges along the longitudinal sides prevent joint leakage and, the same time, impart strength the casting. The hood, likewise adding stability the cast iron unit, has been designed cover the cap plate with snug fit the lower course. the upper side the roof plate there are two lugs, one each corner, will noted illustration; these engage with the upper roof purlin and facilitate in- stallation. Should these lugs damaged during the laying roof, the construction the cap plate such prevent any slid- ing the iron roof plate from the Intermediate cast iron members are used this construction, com- prising modified sections the standard roof plate described. These consist half-width roof plate, used for completing alternate courses staggered courses the roof; and short roof plate identical design, employed where purlin spans are less than ft. The cast iron cap plate semi- cylindrical shape, the same length the roof plate, will readily understood. provided with lug, which has slotted hole for the locking device fastening the member the upper purlin flange. This lug near the lower end the cap plate; installa- tion, projects down between the sides the adjoining standard iron plates and under the purlin flange noted. Lips each end the cap plate are for the purpose secure- engaging the flanges the standard roof plate, Only few accessories are re- quired for this new type cast iron roofing. These include sim- ple locking device for purlins with flanges down the slope the slope, respectively; cast iron end finisher, used when end wall ex- ists; ventilator curb castings two standard types; and ridge roll plates for roofs sawtooth design. How Roof Plates Are The roof construction, method assembling the cast iron plate units, simple, effective and eco- nomical, requiring but brief ex- planation. All work handled from the top and scaffolding any kind The iron plates are laid courses, with overlap in. between, the joints being staggered. Between each plate each course, space about in. allowed, the cylin- drical cap plate being fastened over this gap, using the lug the mem- ber for this purpose, previously noted. The accompanying illustra- tions indicate clearly the simplicity the construction. This cast iron roofing plate can installed readily unskilled labor. foreman and small crew of, say, three men can lay about 3000 sq. ft. surface average working day. Thus the construc- tion cost reduced minimum. The flexibility roof this type makes for numerous features advantage the owner. For in- stance, any time after such THE IRON AGE, September 7 j 4 installation, cast iron roof plates, fastening purlins vent stack, the cutting the necessary opening openings the plates very simple matter, using oxy-acetylene torch drilling series small holes with portable drill. The stack vent flashing can quickly and readily bronzed electric-welded the iron plates. Again, monitor may erected factory building increased height with equal fa- cility the change, and likewise any other required building altera- tion. Further, there the salvage value. Capable use for in- definite period time, the cast iron roof plate can removed from one building and easily utilized an- other structure, where plant condi- tions change and new buildings give way old. the event entire plant destruction discard, the cast iron roof has definite salvage value scrap material. First Commercial Cast Roofing This the first cast iron roof manufactured and sold commercial basis. The company 14—THE IRON AGE, September 1935 points out that Usicast roofing has all the inherent merits quality cast iron basic material. Painting, even with single shop coat, optional, this treatment having partic- ular effect the life the roof and being for ap- pearance only. The initial cost the only cost; there ex- pense upkeep maintenance any kind, with complete assur- ance life and utility for peri- time that cannot mated. number in- teresting installa- tions have been made, including, among others, large roof area the plant the Otis Elevator Co., Harrison, J., and the an- nealing building the Bessemer, plant the United States Pipe Foundry Co. tions the top and bottom this page give comprehensive idea the simplicity and ease construction the standardized design actual plant service. cast iron roof—Otis Elevator Co., Harrison, 4 che ; bei pai fac Ing ter por fix are Metal Cutting Tools Keep Pace With Machine Progress THE hardening room the majority tool manufacturing plants ago was considered chamber the plant, visitors being conducted through this de- partment only rare occasions. Considering the general unsatis- factory appearance the harden- ing rooms that period, most which were provided with shut- tered windows prevent the good old daylight from peeping through, equipped with inefficient fuel-fired furnaces having little tem- perature control, belching flame and smoke, was good plan per- haps not admit visitors this secret, unclean chamber. What change has taken place during this short period years! The hardening room modern small tool manufacturing plant to- day what might called the show place the entire plant, and well may so. Shutters have been removed from the windows, walls cleaned and painted, modern fuel-fired electric furnaces with automatic temperature controls and electric timers installed. Car- bon and high-speed steel electric portant factor for proper tool hardening. Quenching tanks with fixtures improved design are constant service. All pyrometers are checked daily against master Consulting Metallurgist, Pratt Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn. thermocouples and instruments assure accurate temperatures for the hardening and tempering op- erations. axiomatic that tool better than its harden- ing treatment.” The expense in- ARDENING metal cutting tools and ad- vances inspection gages, which have benefited along with cut- ting tools, are discussed principally this, the con- cluding, part Mr. cambal's interesting article, continued from THE IRON AGE Sept. page 60. Nitriding and chromium plating tools, increase wear resistance, are also pointed out that inasmuch economical production modern cutting tools re- quires special machines, fix- tures, gages, etc., and the best hardening, testing and other equipment, well study new designs and the possibilities new steels and their proper heat treatment, the making such tools definitely the work specialists. equipping hardening rooms with the very best fur- nace equipment, maintaining these rooms model for neatness inspire better work, has proved investment paying large dividends. Better quality tools with low scrap loss—real economy. modern all-electric hardening room shown Fig. 21. Hardening Carbon Steel Tools Tools made carbon steel, such taps, dies, drills and reamers, are usually heated salt bath furnace preferably lead bath temperatures ranging from 1440-1480 deg. F., muffle-type fur- naces being employed only rare These bath furnaces are equipped with automatic tem- perature control whether fuel-fired electrically heated, the majority tools being hardened time- temperature basis. These carbon- steel tools are quenched fairly strong brine solution maintained through proper refrigeration, spe- cial quenching fixtures being used for certain types tools. erly temper draw carbon-steel tools after the hardening opera- hardening treatment. Many firms employ modern air-drawing fur- naces with fans for the tempering operation, others preferring oil low-temperature salt baths, tem- THE IRON AGE, September ; ENS 5 : | | ti ¥ peratures employed ranging from 250 550 deg. Hardening High-Speed Steel Tools The majority cutting tool manufacturers are using semi- furnaces for hardening their high-speed steel tools, fur- naces the electric globar type becoming more and more popular. High-speed steel tools are usually 1500 1600 deg. then placed the high temperature chamber temperature ranging from 2300 2400 deg. F., depending upon the type tool and analysis the steel employed. Cobalt high-speed steels and the high vanadium, molybdenum high-speed steels men- tioned previously this article require hardening heat the neighborhood 2400 deg. the case fuel-fired furnaces the tools should not allowed soak the hardening temperature, coarsening the grain will with resultant brittleness. Where electric globar high-speed steel furnaces are employed, the tools may soaked for short period after reaching furnace tem- perature without any effect grain size. the usual practice quench high-speed steel tools oil bath, saws being quenched under press prevent warping. Some manufacturers prefer cool certain types tools air, but objection air quenching the greater formation scale. FIG. 24—Electrolimit gage employed for grading cylinder bores. IRON AGE, September 12, 1935 Practically all high-speed steel tools today receive the high draw- ing treatment, that is, drawn temperatures varying from 1050 1200 deg. F., depending upon type tool and service conditions. Tools drawn 1050 deg. F., for example, made from high-speed steel ‘correct composition and quenched from the proper tem- perature, possess the same hard- ness tools the undrawn con- dition, together with twice the toughness. difficult, moreover, grind high-speed steel tools not properly drawn without the forma- tion grinding cracks; sufficient reasons for high drawing all high- speed steel tools. One still finds his travels hardener the old school who refuses draw high- speed steel tools after the harden- ing operation. Fortunately these cases are becoming less number time goes by. Microscope Examination Important All cutting tools should care- fully checked for hardness. The Rockwell hardness tester sidered the standard instrument today for checking the hardness cutting tools and gages. The file test used connection with the Rockwell test, all files being care- fully selected and tested before being placed service. The hard- ness reading tool not true indication its cutting qualities but merely serves Metallurgists connected with tool mal tool wel the user the cha call com cros Inat met | | | | y FIG. f LEFT FIG. Modern all-electric harden- ing room. Expense equipping hard- ening departments with best naces and main- taining them model has inspired better work and has proved RIGHT FIG. 23—Group worn out tool-steel gages salvaged chromium plating and refinishing. manufacturing plants are daily making liberal use the micro- scope, studying the structure tools given various treatments, well keeping careful record the proper structure along with the correct hardness. All steels used the company with which the writer connected are pur- chased under definite specifications calling for the correct chemical composition, Brinell hardness, mi- crostructure, hot acid etch test, fracture test, etc. the exam- ination incoming shipments our metallurgical department records RIGHT FIG. 22—Chromium plating department for plating directly metal provide increased wear re- sistance. x A q over period years show large tonnage steel rejected for im- proper microstructure. Years experience have demonstrated that tool steels must have the proper microstructure received the annealed condition from the mill, tools made from these steels even though properly hardened will not give maximum results. One can see, therefore, that the micro- scope very important tool the metallurgical laboratory. Nitriding Tools nitrided high-speed steel cutting tools. The author’s company has been experimenting with nitrided tools for more than years, and during that period have learned that there very limited field for nitrided taps, reamers, cutters, hobs, etc. The very hard nitrided surfaces unfortunately are quite brittle, regardless the nitriding treatment used. For this extreme care should used de- termining the proper type tools nitrided, great deal depend- ing upon the design the tool and the material being machined, well general operating con- ditions. have records “ef | several jobs where nitrided high- speed steel tools are giving con- siderably more service than similar tools not nitrided, but there very limited field for this product. Chromium Plating The advisability chromium plating cutting tools for increased wear resistance often questioned. the case the nitrided prod- uct, chromium-plated tools possess fairly high degree brittleness due the absorption occluded hydrogen during the plating op- eration. have not been en- tirely successful chromium plat- ing taps similar threaded tools because the majority cases the tools chip break after short service else not give superior life unplated tools. Reamers properly chromium-plated, when used non-ferrous materials and some cases cast iron, give considerab!y longer life than ream- ers not plated. Several manufac- turers machining large quantities aluminum alloys and similar non-ferrous metals using FIG. 25—Electric gage set-up for grading pistons. IRON AGE, September 12, 1935 FIG. 27—Strip mill equipped with Electrolimit gage for continuously inspecting the thickness the metal leaves the mill. Thick- ness variations are immediately indicated terms ten sandths inch. The insert shows close-up the gaging mechanism. ° chromium-plated carbon and high- speed reamers with marked economy and tool cost. There some demand for high- speed steel screw slotters with the sides given flash plate chrom- ium. These saws, especially when used cast iron, give increased service over saws not plated be- cause the fine cast iron dust does not build the sides the chromium-plated saw occasion- ally happens with the unplated product. our knowledge chromium plating increases, undoubtedly will find inereased for chromium-plated cutting tools. Fig. shows chromium-plating de- © © me | partment for plating directly metal for wear resistance. Tool Making Best Done Specialists Manufacture modern cutting tools precision job best carried specialists. Machines espe- cially designed for economically performing the many operations the manufacture metal-cut- ting tools must employed. Spe- cial fixtures, gages, etc., are used for the proper making and check- ing the product. The very best modern hardening room equip- ment available. well- equipped and properly operated metallurgical de- partment for con- trolling two the three impor- tant factors cov- ering the life metal cutting tools, namely, steel and harden- ing treatment, in- sures tools being made the best quality properly treated. depart- ment for testing ferent designs and from steels various types results the im- provement the product from time time. large number concerns formerly making most their cutting tools their own tool rooms are now purchasing their tools from specialists marked saving their tool costs. Manu- facturers small tools yearly are introducing tools improved de- sign, using the best steels avail- able with the proper hardening treatment. The progressive manu- facturer realizes that progress can- not made through marking time, even though may believe quality. GAGES discussion the develop- ment cutting tools during the past years would com- plete without mention the de- velopment the principles gag- ing and the design the gages themselves. Many the advances metallurgy which have bene- fitted the cutting tool industry have also been great assistance the development better gages. The World War brought re- emphasis the advantages and the need for manufacture strictly interchangeable basis. Toi- erances 1914-1918 were quite liberal compared with those the present day. During the years following the war, the principles interchangeable manufacture were applied and developed many lines higher degree perfection. Engineering research did not measure up, the toler- ances permissible under the old system changeability were closer than practical with available equipment. The development the use elec- tricity gaging solved both the inspection and manufacturing problems. With electrical gages, designed especially for each in- spection, the cylinders and pistons are accurately and rapidly graded chat conditions essential for the efficient performance the assem- bled motor are assured. So, too, are the wristpins, the end FIG. 26—Grading wristpin holes connecting rod. kept pace with de- velopment, and the last few years has set pace which the manufacturing departments have found difficult follow. Typical the experience the automotive industry. Efficient performance speeds with minimum amount noise and with maximum life demanded cars all price ing development and manufactur- ing skill that these are accom- plished facts. Exhaustive research with metals, lubricating oils, de- signs and clearances, disclosed the ideal conditions each vital point the automotive engine—cylinder and piston; wristpin, connecting rod and piston; main bearing and connecting rod. Only the very slightest variation from these ideal conditions can permitted with- out marked lowering the per- formance standard. Manufacturing and inspection methods available the connecting rod, and the hole the piston graded; and have the modern automotive engine— quiet, long-lived and efficient. Modern metallurgy has done much for the gages and the gage user. First came the development alloy steels, then chromium plate and finally the various tung- sten and tantalum carbides. Al! are widely used today the man- ufacture gages and permit the gagemaker gage user wide range materials from which select get the highest perform- ance—the lowest cost per piece gaged. Figs. 23-27 illustrate the use modern materials and designs meet common inspection problems. gages, original'y made tool steel, which have been worn out but are now again ready for service after having been salvaged chromium (CONTINUED PAGE 74) THE IRON AGE, September 7 3 ™ 4 ia | 2 | FIG. 3—Polishing parts vertical 20—THE IRON AGE, September 1935 FINE feathers not always make fine birds. But fine finish good product does help, measurably, merchandising it. this article, Mr. Jacobs tells how the Hoover Co. Canton, Ohio, puts the polish its attractive line household electric appliances. The spe- cific data given concerning grits, wheel sizes, etc., make this article particularly useful. AMONG the numerous electrical household ap- developed dur- ing the last quarter lighten the burden the housewife, the electric vacuum cleaner ranks high. Indeed, once used such appliance indispen- sable. cleaner without attrac- tive exterior, its parts left rough just they come from the foundry and forge, will function properly and from mechanical point view perfect. However, such article would not “sell.” That one reason why these articles are finished highly. Another reason that any reputable manufacturer takes enough pride his product finish pleasingly regardless whether this would influence sales. The entire product the Hoover Co., Canton, Ohio, electric vacu- cleaners which are very highly finished and this article are il- housings. FRED JACOBS 4—Six station, turn-table sleeve polishing machine. lustrated and described few the more important polishing room op- erations. ordinary polishing room prac- tice diversity comparatively flat parts can polished rapidly and satisfactorily hand. This due the fact that the operator does not have change the position his hands during the operation. Comparatively thick pieces can held hand readily. finishing thin pieces simple holding fixtures are provided. finishing various cylindrical parts, however, the problem more difficult. With this class work hands, until the entire surface has been gone over. This difficulty some FIG. 5—Disk grinding often saves time finishing. years ago led the development semiautomatic polishing and buff- ing machines for cylindrical work and many such machines are used the Hoover plant. good ex- ample semiautomatic polishing given Fig. Here the work consists finishing the outer di- ameter motor housings made die cast aluminum alloy. automatic polishing machine used conjunction with ordi- nary polishing lathe. The operator loads the work the shown the right, which the present instance empty. Then turns the polishing head one-half revolution that the work brought contact with the wheel. this position the work makes sev- eral revolutions while contact with the wheel. the work turns FIG. polishing requires good lighting. THE IRON AGE, September 12, TF tue me even speed, and the pres- sure the wheel constant, even- finished work the result. While one part process polishing, the operator washes previous part grease solvent tank pro- vided conveniently for the purpose, and then loads the empty spindle. Thus the operation practically continuous. comparing this pro- cedure with that necessary the operator held the work hand obvious that substantial time saving results. The wheels used this machine are stitched muslin, in. di- ameter, in. face with the surface formed slight radius take care the shape the part which can seen from the parts the left foreground Fig. The wheel operated speed 1800 revolutions per minute. This gives approximate surface speed 7500 feet per minute which nor- mal for operation this kind. The parts question are fin- ished four-wheel operation. The first wheel set with No. 120 manufactured alumina, worked dry. The next wheel No. 200 material. This wheel greased. The next two operations are buff- ing and coloring muslin wheels. They are buffed with tripoli and colored with rouge. The number polishing machines used this op- eration varies with the work. For example, two double head lathes fitted with Acme polishing ma- chines would take care the en- tire operation, two men being re- quired run the four machines. With work little slack, however, one man and one machine could look after the production. this case would put specified num- ber parts over the first wheel and then set for the next opera- tion and on. Another good example auto- matic polishing small work shown the close-up view Fig. chine the same type previous- shown. this instance the work consists buffing steel fan pulleys. This part in. diameter and in. long with belt groove. The wheel bias muslin buff in. diameter, in. face, operated 1800 revolutions per minute giv- ing surface speed 7500 feet per minute. The cylindrical parts shown just back the work are hand grips enable the operator hold the work spindle while screws the work place, the pulleys being provided with 22—THE IRON AGE, September 1935 FIG. 7—A special department for setting polishing wheels. tapped hole one end. This also serves good example how the design the piece can taken given operation. The life any polishing wheel between settings course deter- mined its circum