The Iron Age 1935-08-29: Vol 136 Iss 9

CHESTNUT AND 56TH STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, PA, Sales Offices 239 WEST 39TH STREET NEW YORK, Owned, Published and Copyrighted CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Executive and Publication Offices, Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphie, Pa. MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ Executive Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, ERNEST HASTINGS, WILLIAM BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary FRITZ FRANK, President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor News Editor Machinery Editor Editor Emeritus Washington Lipper Cleveland Chicago Pittsburgh Detroit Boston Cincinnati Contents August 1935 Are You Interested Potatoes? Making Cone Area Contact Worm Gears............. Giant Plastic Molding Press ............... Modern Engine Lathe Production Competition....... Vibrating Push Conveyor for Hot Materials............ Attractive Finish Helps Metal Products Sales........... Foundrymen Review Developments Toronto.......... Personals and Obituaries Washington News Statistics Metal-Working Activity................. Construction and Equipment Buying ................. BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager, Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau Circulations Member, Associated Business Papers Published every Thursday. Subscrip- tion Price: United States and Pos- sessions, Mexico, Ouba, $6.00; Can- ada, $8.50, duty; Foreign $12.00 year. Single copy, cents. Cable Address, ‘‘Ironage, ADVERTISING STAPF Emerson Findley, 311 Union Bidg.. Cleveland B. L. Herman, — ow Ave.. Buffalo, 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Ober, 239 39th New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg.. Pitteburch W. C. Sweetser, 239 West 39th St.. New York Warren, Box 81, Hartford, Conn. SHEETS Coated with high purity prime western spelter contributes the bright appearance and even-spangling Bethle- hem Galvanized Sheets. Zinc such purity, tightly put on, affords strong first-line defense against rust. second line defense against rust offered the copper- bearing base sheets Beth- Cu-Loy. the logi- cal sheet for severe exposure. THE IRON-AGE ... AUGUST 29, 1935 ESTABLISHED Vol. 136, No. You Should for business paper strictly avoid taking position two subjects; politics and religion. are not guilty yet trespassing upon the field religion with editorial opinion and hope never will be. RDINARILY, sound editorial policy Until about two years ago, also had been able steer clear what might called political discussion, except such minor and specialized matter tariffs and the like which might directly affect our field. Today, are politics, you want call that, our ears and expect stay that way least until November, When politicians plunge into business affairs the detriment business, the present po- litical party has done, time for business and the business papers that speak for busi- ness get into politics. This publication, company with the ma- jority the business and industrial fields that serves, had prejudice against the present Administration the outset. proof this needed may said that The Age devoted its front cover March 1933, sincere and heartfelt appeal for support the new President. Since that time, however, have become convinced event after event that, misled academic clique which prefers take its pattern from Lenin and Marx, rather than from Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln, the present Adminis- tration has acquired incurable anti-busi- ness, anti-success complex. And believe, further, that this can only cured house cleaning that will remove from the Washington scene, the whole motly company over-educated underexperienced and dilettantes who now im- pose their fantasies upon the American people. this end, The Age will its utmost. this treason the precedents busi- ness publishing, make the most it. But before you so, consider the subject potatoes. True, iron and steel and ma- chines are not made out them, but what has happened potatoes indicates what would probably happen everything else Washington succeed hamstringing the Constitution. Aug. Congress passed act im- posing upon the country. Hereafter, potatoes must packed boxes bearing Government stamps, like cigars, and buyers bootleg potatoes, the act, are subject fine $1,000 and imprisonment. Strict quotas production, too, are allotted each farmer raising more than five bushels! Shades the Prohibition Act! was im- possible prevent bootlegging liquor and trace down illicit stills, how much more impractical regiment. the homely spud. But impracticality seems the order the day. you blame for becoming politically minded? a | | | | ts : | a 4 | * « | | | | | ad | | eit 4 Methods Employed Making Cone} ATHEL DENHAM DESIGN proved type hour- glass worm gearing des- ignated the Cone worm gear (after Cone, special oped Michigan Tool Co. for the pro- duction charger Cone worm gears. With two hobs per the production time halved. ° ° ONE worm gear set, together with the hobs used produce them. 10—THE IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 the inventor) was announced few years ago. More recently, method and equipment for the manufac- ture this gearing have been de- veloped, outlined this article. worm gear this type the entire tooth depth the worm thread and wheel-tooth flanks are contact while the worm threading itself through the wheel teeth vice versa. There con- tact all the worm leads al! times instead one worm lead only, the straight worm, and the effective contact surface therefore greater. The Cone worm follows the true curvature the wheel and has constant circular pitch correspond- ing with the constant circular pitch the worm wheel. The lines contact occur the mid-plane simultaneously many teeth the particular design envelops. Similar lines occur above and be- low the mid-plane simultaneously. With all the worm leads substantial surface contact all times, instead one worm lead line contact only, the straight worm, the Cone type gear has greater load capacity for the same basic dimensions. Another feature that the entering end the worm thread contacts only with the leaving end the wheel tooth, which makes for favorable condi- tions lubrication. This factor better lubrication, well the advantages hav- ing wheel teeth and worm threads contact the whole depth the teeth and the obtaining surface contact over the entire width the tooth, was recognized the origi- nal hour-glass worm gearing. Un- fortunately, however, when the problem making such gears was turned over the production man was found impossible make them. Obviously both the worm and wheel had generated hobs cutters which simulated the | | | | mating gear. But matter which way such cutters were fed into the blanks, whether tangential the the hob axis, feeding the cen- ters toward each other, the tooth form which looked good paper could not obtained. The trouble was that while the cutter was be- ing fed into the work, was cut- ting away, interference, mate- The solution the problem Mr. Cone, and the development production methods and equipment make the gears any sizes, ratios quantities the Michi- gan Tool Co. and Gould Eber- hardt, was based the recognition that cutting the final tooth form must take place except with the hob and work-piece the same centers those the worm and same machine used interchangeably produce both worm and worm wheel, shown the illustrations. One shows the worm being hobbed and the other the rial which was really part the desired final tooth form. The only place which the form was cor- rect was the center plane the worm wheel. Instead having complete surface contact, there was again line contact, only this time the line was the center plane, down the flank the teeth rather than across the face. om 2 j ONE worm gears, the teeth which are surface rather than line con- tact, were developed pro- vide low unit pressures, with less wear: high load-carrying capacity; and high thermal rating. Success the de- sign awaited development manufacturing method and equipment, both which are dealt with this article. The illustrations are equip- ment the plant the Michigan Tool Co., Detroit. wheel when assembled service operation. cut the teeth Cone worm wheels, hobs are used which are identical form with the mating worm, except that the thread, teeth, are thinner cross-section. The hob first cuts grooves the wheel blank feeding the cen- ters the work-piece and cutter toward each other. This might considered “roughing” operation. The groove thus cut materially narrower than required when the wheel teeth are finished, but, the other hand and for the same reason, material has been cut away from the blank that should left for eventual correct tooth form. other words, the cutting away stock due “interference” has been confined that part the stock which eventually would have THE IRON AGE, August 29, 4 | | | — removed anyway. The objec- tive this portion the oper- ation, course, bring the cutter and work-piece into proper axial relationship. Having reached the correct depth cut, the feed now becomes rotary. the hob the work- piece rotated slightly about its own axis, being immaterial which, while both hob and work- piece are rotating the machine. The feed thus similar the way which the gear would take its own backlash, clearance space existed instead stock removed. Stock removal get cor- rect tooth form thus obtained shaving the material layers off the tooth thread flanks until final tooth form and dimensions are reached. machines equipped with single hobs the hob angularly fed rotated one direction face one tooth flank, and the feed reversed finish the flank the other side the groove. The reason why both correct tooth form for surface contact and correct tooth dimensions can obtained simultaneously to. found the tooth form. Cone gearing the flanks both the thread the worm and the teeth the wheel show straight lines when plane passed through the axis the worm. All these lines, moreover, are tangent circle about the axis the worm wheel, the diameter the circle depending the desired 12—THE IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 LEFT PECIAL lapping machines have been developed for gears where ial quietness vital. The lap the left drives the worm the center, lapping one side the worm thread. The worm turn drives the lap the right, lapping the opposite face the worm thread. The load applied the lap the right and adjustable. The same machine can used lap the worm wheels, using two worm laps, left and right. large gears, tool cost can reduced using cutters having only one wrap, instead complete hob. equipment developed Michigan Tool Co., includes special check- ing devices, the one here shown being special set-up for checking lead pressure pressure angle, etc. the hobs, while the cutting teeth are thinner, they also have straight-line flanks section, and these are made tan- gent circle exactly the same diameter. thus seen that the correct tooth form will generated au- tomatically, irrespective the thickness the teeth the hob the amount stock being removed finishing. Furthermore, the hob can reground time and again without influencing its effective- ness, long the flanks are al- ways ground tangent the same base circle. For large-scale production, ma- chinery has been developed employ- ing two hobs per work-piece. These (CONTINUED PAGE 60) angle, and spacing worm threads. | | ‘ Po ii g i | | | { Giant Plastic Molding Press Produces Weighing Scale Housings WIDER and more di- verse utilization molded plastic parts foreseen the recent installation the General Electric Co. the giant new press shown the accompanying illustration. The machine now production what said the largest plastic molding ever made com- mercial quantities, namely, the housing for new type weigh- ing for retail merchants, which has just been announced the Toledo Scale Co. This scale case measures 17% 14% 11% in. The technique employed molding part its unprecedented size said applicable the production many other parts. The new product, named the Toledo Plaskon Duplex Scale, new model the Toledo Duplex scale. Its case made Plaskon, urea formaldehyde plastic pro- duced Toledo Synthetic Prod- ucts, and unusually light and durable. The total weight the scale but 55% which pared with the 75-lb. cast- metal housings used preceding models. addition reducing the weight, the use the molding provides gleaming white exterior surface, surface which more than finish because the case solid Plaskon all the way through. Press Weighs Tons The hydraulic press which the G-E plastics department uses produce the molded case said the largest its type. ft. high and weighs 89,000 has nine hydraulic cylinders op- erating pressures 1500 and 3000 per sq. in. One cylinder operates the main pressing ram RIGHT YDRAU- press employed for molding hous- ings for new Toledo scale. The housings are said the larg- est plastic molding ever made com- mercial quan- tities. BELOW HITE Plaskon scale case made the molding press. which in, diameter and capable exerting force 1500 tons and which moves down- ward perform the molding oper- ation. The other cylinders operate rams used provide the desired flexibility performance needed molding such large pieces the case. The was built General specifications the French Oil Mill Machinery Co., Piqua, Ohio. Despite its size, the press can operated very = THE IRON AGE, August 29, § rapidly, the main ram traveling fast 100 in. per min. The mold used with the press form the scale case likewise huge proportions. weighs tons. Its overall height, when closed, in. and its longest dimension, that the stripper plate, in. During carburizing treating the mold, which was done develop the proper surface hardening for the molding oper- ation, was necessary resort special methods handling or- der avoid distortion, cracking nicking—as the mold had already been machined size. This work was done the Lindberg Steel Treating Co., Chicago. Press Room the molding powders used the Plaskon Scale case are almost pure white and single speck dirt one loading the com- pound might spoil the entire mold- ing, special precautions were taken prevent such occurrence. Both the main press room and the finishing room were neatly painted and well lighted, and provision made for scrubbing and flushing assure cleanliness. Also, guard against the cir- culation any dust dirt the air, air-filter system was de- signed for these two rooms pro- vide abundant supply clean air, free contamination. From bank glass-wool filters, located the basement under the press room, the air discharged into the rooms through air-supply duct having. openings such de- sign prevent turbulence which might scatter the powdered molding compound. Moreover, since the press room airtight, slight pressure built which prevents infiltration unfiltered air when the door opened. With this system maxi- mum one air change the press room minute can obtained. similar system small capacity provided for the room which the molding compound stored. Also cooperating with the To- ledo Scale Co. the development its new product were the Aluminum Company America and the Bausch Lomb Optical Co. The former contributed new aluminum alloy, paper thin, for the chart the new scale, and the latter developed special lenses for the scale. 14—THE IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 The Modern Engine the right, Fig. machine illustration which might easily credited accumulated engine lathe progress during indus- trial periods prior 1915. ma- chine about one-half weight, compared with 1935’s model; slid- ing spur gears and steel parts not heat treated; bearings devoid anti-friction advantages, yet model with maintained popularity service work. The 1935 model, right, Fig. the result lathe emergence from the confines narrow pur- poses, and lathe development into productive adjunct shop activity. This because, fundamen- tally, the lathe possesses much simplicity and offers much the way possibilities for production fixtures use. Its utility thereby presents opportunity for gaining reduced investment advantages while retaining least highly important part any already determined, maximum productivity for use when needed. Although the 1935 machine the same rated size its 1915 predecessor, double the weight and has mechanical changes spindle speed, over very wide range, compared with eight changes the 20-year-old model. The bed semi-steel with tensile strength 55,000 compared with 15,000 lb. for Fig. The thread and feed range over twice broad. The 18-in. lathe 1915 handles only 5-hp. mo- tor, whereas the 1935 machine like capacity will take the output from 20-hp. motor. Anti-friction bearings are employed throughout and all steel parts are scientifically heat treated. Many typical toolings 1935 lathe are illustrated group photographs submitted the Monarch Machine Tool Co., Syd- ney, Ohio, lathe builders. Some these are used here. They repre- sent few the real productive developments engine lathe built Monarch and designated WAITE “Specially Tooled.” Such equip- ments are, many instances, win- ning competition against highly productive, limited purpose ma- chines. The illustrations used are necessarily few number insofar total combination tooling possi- bilities are concerned. Prior heightened activity the part lathe builders indi- cated the spread illustrations Fig. 1-2, mechanical design-ingenu- ity tended lessen lathe utility and place that tool, more less, least so, production terms the “new era” period, during which single purpose machines having only mass quantity capabilities were considered many the necessity the day and the prob- able manufacturing requirement the future. challenge single-purpose ma- chines, lathe builders were quick sense reduced costs, through lesser capital investments and through greater machine flexibility, featuring wider use units and fixtures connection with low cost basic design. The depression arrived the psychological time, for made flexibility paramount necessity profitable production multiple parts under severe fluctuations demand. Not only have these modern lathes found their way into the smaller shops, but also they have invaded quantity-production lines enormous plants, where they are said major factor the ability many such plants quickly orient production de- mand. This available flexibility naturally the greatest service those plants and industries which must cope with demand-cycles, whatever their causes. Many students machine too! . | | i | | 1 | | ES design point lathe-development activity, within the time range cov- ered herein, directly responsible for the “unit” trend which has be- come feature of, and has gained much favorable reception for, new machine tool design. Whether this not, the new economic edict seems that greater flexibility machine tool necessity and that must closely identified with reduced capital investment and relate quantity variables and not any cost-increasing re- duction the speed which work i} ¢ THE IRON AGE, August 29, FIG. FIG. multiple boring, power taken from the main spindle multiple boring spindles, through driving head, set the lathe bed. 16—THE IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 ABOVE IG. Single and double power- angular-feed com- pound rests are units which treme flexibility for operations. LEFT IG. Equipment for single boring operations, using either power hand operated chucks, much for example sleeve boring. shall turned out, once started. the other hand, there are those who contend that the unit trend experimental, over- done, and temporary. Yet must borne mind that good ma- chine tool design always con- temporary and based upon read- ings the lessons shop experi- ence. The working out the substi- tution principle cost reaction our hard-learned lesson man- ufacturing necessity for gaining quicker control over production, and thereby over inventory. This new unit and lathe competi- tion, particularly presented the semi-automatic lathe and the specially tooled lathe, embodies among other provisions the follow- ing: Single double front and rear cross-slides which may carry forming and cut-off tools; single multiple automatic length cross- feed stops, with templet control when desired; and rapid traverse upon which any selected type turret, for end-tool work, may mounted. Both single and double power feed com- pound rests are available. These give added flexibility for many angular machining applications; for example, bevel gears. the utilization this tooling feature, Fig. either compound rest can positioned independently the other means regular cross- feed handle. Both compound rests may fed out simultaneous- independently under power cross-feed. The angular feed can cut out will. The rest can ployed with double carriage set-ups such turning both taper and straight sections drill blanks. too ne | | | | the boring bar. positioned out the way when not use, carriage cross-bridge extension being provided for this purpose. Disengagement angu- lar feed easily effected, for either both rests, permitting that either may otherwise employed stock removal. Rests can connected and used for cross-feed turret mounting utilized for and facing operations many classes work, including wheels, hubs, double-friction apron provides mounting for automatic trips; the stops may have microm- eter adjustment. Equipment for boring operations, conjunction with either hand power-operated chucks, provides set-up. sufficiently fast produc- tion warranted many in- stallations for production use, the rough-boring jobs such cast iron cylinder sleeves, Fig. Rigidity permits the use ce- mented carbide tools. One oper- ator takes care two machines, facing each other. horizontal boring operations platen-type carriage may used, Fig. this work-boring fix- tures are mounted. Power sup- plied multiple-boring spindles from the main spindle, through multiple-driving head, set the bedways. apron provides mounting for auto- matic tripping against stops which may have micrometer adjustment. The employment double car- riages presents useful, simultane- Monarch micro-gaging method tool setting employs small gage for outside tool setting. The larger gage for setting 4 5, as IG. The small dial opposite the etched instruction plate reads inches. The cross-feed micrometer dial reads thousandths. readings are diameter, not radius. The convenience tool setting obvious. One battery lathes for machining the top cast kettle with such precision that will steam tools, automatic stops, and angular feed serve complete the work within period time said one- quarter that consumed any previously tried method machining. The over- head spider swings down position for conveniently centering the kettle the operation. then swings out the way. THE IRON AGE, August 29, 4 —— —_ ‘ 4 if } H tk IG. 10. One battery standard specially tooled lathes equipped for machining the aluminum lid steam cookers. Specifications call for steam tight fit without gaskets. said that production was stepped 400 per cent over previous machining methods. Equipment investment reported extremely low. ous work combinations, such the taper-shank turning drill blanks, Fig. For such tooling combinations automatic reversing mechanism provided for avoiding constant operating attention Through drive taken from the spindle, for operating master cam, irregular shaped work, chuck- held, rapidly handled. Auto- matic cross-feed diameter, well One operator handles two lathes the machining bronze trolley wheels. The equipment employed includes—air-chuck; separate front and rear tool slides, with right and left hand cross feed screw; automatic cross feed diameter stop, which disengages power cross feed both tool slides when the correct diameter has been reached. The carriage remains fixed position clamped the bed. IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 automatic length-feed stops, con- tribute time saving. Such types equipments offer close ap- proach fully automatic oper- ation either low production Through connected gear drive from headstock-spindle tailstock- spindle, off-center facing, work requiring like set-up, can dis- posed of. motorized head- stocks, completely Timkinized and having wide speed ranges; force lubrication and with integral flange are other fea- tures which belie many concep- tions today’s lathe utility. The following captioned illustra- tions are the Monarch micro-gage method tool setting and troublesome jobs which have been readily handled, either production short-run basis, lathe units such have been de- seribed above. New Trade Publications Pumps.— Acme Machine Products Co., Inc., Ind. Catalog No. 140 illus- trating and describing Acme Sure-Flow coolant pumps which feature priming after installation without submerging part the pump. Cross-section diagram construc- tion direct motor and belt-driven units are included. Seund East Fortieth Street, New York. Brochure cov- ering sound control air-conditioning sys- tems, mechanical refrigerators, oil burners and other equipment. Special treatment given the subject vibration isolation platforms for motors, fans and like. V-Belt Drives.—Gates Rubber Co., Den- ver.—Catalog pages covering installa- tion and operation V-belt drives. section includes care these drives and outlines way checking tensions. Other sections give instructions for the design V-V drives, quarter-turn drives, double- drives and drives. Porcelain Steel Business Units.—Porce- lain Steel Buildings Co., Columbus, Ohio. Attractive booklet pages showing the use porcelain stee] exterior finish modern business units. Illustrations porcelain steel buildings color and busi- ness units actual service are also given. Rubber Mfg. Divi- sion, Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc., Passaic, Bulletin describing Condor Whipcord brand endless transmission belting also data how determine the length endless belts and horsepower tables. Head and Eye Shields.— Chicago Eye Shield 2300 Warren Chicago. Catalog covering industrial pro- tective equipment, including chipping, dust and welding goggles, respirators, sand blast masks, helmets, shields and grinder | | | | Conveyor Hot and A\brasive Materials ° Engineer, American Lurgi Corpn., New York ° THE accompanying il- lustrations show im- proved conveyor which employs the vibrating trough principle, and especially suitable for use chemical and metallurgical plants for conveying hot abrasive solids and for meeting special handling problems involving drying, cooling and screening. not recommended where simple belt conveyor capable doing the work; its field application rather where the belt-type unit inadequate be- cause the abrasive nature high temperature the material handled, where combina- tion service, such conveying and cooling, required. IG. showing arrangement vibrating-push conveyor employing improved unbalanced drive. The the vibrating trough, which when introduced provided ba- sically new form conveying, the trough slowly pushed forward and then returned rapidly its starting point. The original design was subsequently modified give more throwing action, and later “vibrating-push conveyor” was brought out. this, driven Diagram the throwing motion the inclined springs. trough (the upper member) coupled several un- balanced wheels and supported inclined members thet are fastened the base. The oscillating move- ment the drive transferred the trough and con- verted into throwing motion means the inclined members. Small but rapid movement the trough results almost flowing movement the material. THE IRON AGE, August 29, } : H i unbalanced wheel was coupled trough which was mounted in- clined springs. The vibrating-push conveyor de- scribed this article employs the same principle but features new form unbalanced drive. Here the trough coupled several unbalanced wheels mounted pairs one above the other, instead single wheel, that the un- balancing weights exert naximum centrifugal force horizontal direction while damaging vertical forces are neutralized. The ar- rangement shown Figs. and New Unbalanced Drive The new form unbalanced drive was invented and patented (U. letter patents Nos. 1,810,882 and 1,858,328) the firm Carl Schenck, Darmstadt, Germany, who represented the United States and Canada the Ameri- can Lurgi Corpn., Broad Street, New York. The oscillating movement this new unbalanced drive ferred the trough and converted into throwing motion means the inclined springs, Fig. The distance throw depends the angle the throw and the magni- tude movement the trough. The speed travel flowing speed for the material depends upon the distance throw and the number oscillations the number 20—THE IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 rotations the wheel given time. The angle throw and the number oscillations are deter- mined from practical experience, whereas the magnitude move- ment adjusted changing the weight the unbalancers the wheels suit the material being handled. Small but rapid movement the = = LEFT 3.—Installation conveyor eral feed hoppers. BELOW curved trough employed for materials having temperature above 500 deg. this case the located the mid- dle, leaving both ends the trough free expansion. trough results almost flow- ing movement the material. Three outstanding advantages this form conveyor are: Uniform conveying and simultane- ous high capacity; 2—minimum wear and tear the trough, and stress springs and fittings the trough. Figs. and show the arrangement troughs oass — | 4 + for conveying different types materials. stated above, the vibrating- push conveyor consists essentially the drive and the trough mount- springs. The drive unit, coupled the motor and can attached either front rear the trough, when becomes “head drive,” the middle “head drive” is, suitable only for single end troughs. When sev- eral troughs are connected series, the middle units must have “center The trough element consists upper swinging part, supported the inclined springs which are made spring steel and fastened immovable base. The trough made sections, which may easily changed, either for re- newal for the conveying ma- terials different types and tem- peratures. Three types trough are com- monly used. One rectangular, for moving cold granular material; another has slightly curved bot- tom, for granular material con- taining small percentage dust and also for materials tem- perature 500 deg. F., and the third curved trough for moving material above temperature 500 deg. This trough rigidly attached the drive point the middle the trough, leaving both ends free for expansion. Hourly Capacity 1500 Cu. Ft. Where material heated cooled while being conveyed, circular tube covered trough may used. Usually made mild steel, but troughs hard steel heat-resisting steel may employed. length the trough may vary from few feet 130 ft., de- pending requirements. The capacity vibrating-push conveyor the type described may anything 1500 cu. ft. hour. depends upon the size the trough and the rate flow, and also upon the specific charac- teristics the materials moved, such size grain, hard- ness, and moisture content. Only experiment can determine the in- fluence these latter factors. Granulated materials are, course, easy move, and flowing speeds ft. per min. can 5—The drive unit employs several unbalanced wheels instead only one. usually coupled directly the motor. easily maintained. This speed can greatly increased, but only the expense quiet operation and increased wear and tear the trough. For material that has carefully handled, the flowing speed can reduced low ft. per min. Very sticky very wet material cannot moved this type conveyor, because the vibrations bring the water the surface and the then sticky material clings the bottom the trough. Moist wet, non-sticky solids may han- dled, least the water not combination. Material containing large pro- fine state may offer difficulties, particularly large amount air held the mass. this case the material not thrown ahead, but rather swims about the trough without forward movement. stated above, heat does not affect the operation the vibrat- ing-push conveyor long the trough properly constructed allow for expansion, etc. Operates 1500 Deg. The vibrating-push conveyor well suited for use metallurgical and cement plants where hot, roasted materials clinkers have moved, for can used well above 500 deg. F.; fact, several are operation temperatures ranging from 1100 1500 deg. For such service considered advisable install the drive far away from the hot zone possible and con- struct the trough for maximum expansion. Acid-carrying materials, such encountered the chemical indus- try, may conveyed without diffi- acid-resisting steel. Because the material flows uniformly thin layer, and being continually loosened the throwing move- ment, can dried, heated cooled while being moved, pass- ing hot dry air over it. in- serting screen the trough, ma- terial may sorted; fact, such crushing machine for simultaneous- sorting and conveying the ma- terial. Technical Sessions Arranged for Welding Society Fall Meeting have been planned for the seven technical sessions the fifteenth fall meeting the Amer- ican Welding Society, held the Palmer House, Chicago, Sept. 30-Oct. Committee meet- ings, general session and the an- banquet, the latter the eve- ning Oct have also been arranged, well inspection trips the morning and after- noon Oct. The technical program the So- ciety, which Crowe, Air Reduction Sales Co., president, follows: September 2:30 Presiding officer—J. Crowe, president. Bridge Weld- Review the Literature, committee study welding highway and railroad bridges; Nitrogen Metallic Weld Avery Co. October 9:45 Presiding officer— John Cornelius Penn, dean en- gineering, Armour Institute Technology. Fundamental Research Welding: Spot Welding Prob- lems, Zimmerman, Massa- chusetts Institute Technology; Bend Testing Welds—a Sum- mary, Sayre, Union Col- lege; Advantages Welding (CONTINUED PAGE 24) THE IRON AGE, August 29, — H ; ; a i | | | tt é EDGAR FUNK Assistant Sales Manager, Nubian Paint Varnish Co., THE eagerness with which manufacturers metal products seek and adopt improved finishes indicates lively apprecia- tion the importance the finish assuring customer The soundness this attitude readily apparent anyone who considers the fact that regardless the care exercised selecting and processing metals, the case most products the finish alone which must meet the critical inspection the prospective buyer. Given product embodying rea- sonable degree mechanical per- fection, often the manner which the finish stands daily use that determines the satisfac- tion derived the customer. Recent progress the paint in- dustry has made available the manufacturer metal products ample opportunity use progres- sively better finishes. fact, de- velopments have come swiftly that the metal manufacturer’s dif- ficulty lies not any lack im- proved finishes, but keeping with the new and better products constantly being offered him. course, there are certain metal finishes which are more less standard and which use- fully serving their purpose year after year. Black japan and rub- ber finishes are typical this class. But the field baking enamels, which are largely used manufacturers metal products, the changes have been exceedingly rapid. Synthetics Come the Front About five years ago, the conven- tional oil type baking enamel began quite generally re- placed synthetics. The synthet- ics which then came into use were great improvement over oil en- amels. The best them were characterized extreme hardness, flexibility, and adhesion metal one coat work. They produced this harder, tougher film shortened baking schedule, run- ning most cases about one hour 225 deg. Light tints held their color when baked this 22—THE IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 Paul Maehler truck train type oven used Pines Winterfront Co. receiving vestibule are automatically moved into the oven, through The oven heated with hot air developed Maehler-Universal Volatiles given off the oven during the baking operation eat Air this finishing room cleaned oil bath and maintained foreign matter from ttractive Finish Helps schedule, something not found the older finishes. “The synthetics retained their toughness and dura- bility over indefinite period time, which was not true most oil enamels. Now there new synthetic the market which far advanced over the older types that already replacing them for many purposes. High-Bake Synthetic Enamel Latest Development This latest development in- synthetic enamel. few years ago, finishing room foremen would have regarded with anyone who proposed furnish them white enamel bake 225 deg. oil enamels, temper- ature 180 deg. was about the highest which could used for whites without producing discolor- ation from heat. Today, the new high-bake synthetic enamels can baked 275 300 deg. and ROGRESS metal fin- ishes has been rapid the past few years. Syn- thetic finishes have rather generally replaced oil type baking enamel, because they produce harder, tougher will produce finishes having pure white color which could not ob- tained with the older types en- amel even much lower tempera- tures. The new high-bake synthetic en- amel has pleasing luster despite the fact that any finish higher baking temperatures tend cut down the gloss. tough and hard, showing exceedingly well under impact and abrasion tests. has much better water and al- kali resistance than earlier types for the direct- recircu contro blowin { | | | | | | | hrough are heat ined from for baking the new synthetic finishes. Loaded trucks placed the the baking chamber, and delivered cooling vestibule the other end. direct-fired gas air heater located above the main oven chamber. and burned the heater. Bristol thermostats are used for control. slightly more than atmospheric pressure prevent dust other blowing in. film with shorter baking schedule. The latest develop- ment industrial finishes high-bake synthetic enamel which, some cases, being substituted for por- celain enamel. synthetics. has good adhesion metal, that produces sat- isfactory one coat finish, can used over primer for higher grade two three-coat work. Used Stove Parts Stove manufacturers were quick realize the advantage this new coating. Because this material did not discolor temperatures 300 deg., could used stove parts which quired vitreous enamel. rede- Metal Products Sales signing and insulating, stove mak- ers are able use the new finish even stove bodies well legs and burner boxes, that the total saving the finishing oper- ation compared porcelain very substantial. Refrigerator manufacturers have been attracted the new finish because its resistance mois- ture, alkali, fruit acids, grease and butter. Permanence color also essential feature for re- frigerators, and this the new finish has marked extent. When first taken out the oven, whites this type goods, baked maximum temperatures, may show yellow cast, but they bleach out exposure light and air permanent clear white which not further affected either light darkness. When White White? those not used working with whites, the concept degrees whiteness quite novel. With- out giving the matter second thought, most people believe that they have specified definite color when they say “white.” But one needs only compare the “white” paper which this printed with the “white” margin newspaper get very definite idea the degrees whiteness. There are whites with creamy yellow cast, red whites, blue whites, muddy whites which contain streak black, and whole host variations and mixtures all them. This matter purer white color is, course, far from being either accidental incidental the other desirable features the new high- bake finishes. something which was painstakingly developed long and patient research the laboratory the paint manu- facturer. Imagine, you can, the feelings this paint manufac- turer when, upon proudly present- ing his new product the trade, runs across important pros- pect who likes the many good points the material immensely, and inclined adopt for his very considerable production, but re- fuses use unless can produced the decidedly yellow- ish tint which his standard color! this same manufacturer who has labored patiently make his new finish flow out like smoothness, and who told another prospective user that fine product, but cannot use finish with the oily ripple orange peel effect characteristic certain porcelain! Incidents like these keep life from growing dull for the paint men, but are not cal- culated keep their hair from taking added degree whiteness. Cost Considerations Users finishes have long since learned consider fin- ishing costs the basis cost per unit area coated. This basis for consideration ‘is, course, the only practical one, since industrial finishes are sold the ultimate consumer applied various prod- ucts, and not the liquid gallon. Because they are capable cover- ing from 1/3 per cent more area per gallon than earlier types, the new high-bake synthet- more than make for their slightly higher prices. basis cost per unit area coated, THE IRON AGE, August 29, j } i F il hd | 4 —— é | 4 an i they are actually cheaper use than many the older synthetic finishes. Dr. Wilhelm Krumbhaar Beck Koller Co. states that rough estimate the volume business synthetic resin finishes has doub- led every year for the past five years. part this increase has been the expense lacquer and the older types enamel, but with the advent the new high-bake synthetics even the field formerly held porcelain being invaded. The reason that the new finish has been far perfected that practical for use certain products where formerly porcelain was the only coating which would give satisfaction. Thus the stove manufacturers have found pos- sible substitute the new high- bake synthetic for porcelain be- cause the new finish has more heat resistance white and light tints than any organic coating previ- ously developed. Permits Use Welded Metal Naturally, the new synthetics cannot used satisfactorily re- place porcelain all cases, but where they can, the resulting ad- vantages Cost studies have shown that porcelain costs least twice much synthetic finish the same prod- uct. Porcelain imposes limitations design, size parts and gage metal which are not encoun- tered when using the new synthet- ics. The latter finish permits the use welded construction not pos- sible with the former. Porcelain subject chipping with alter- native but reject the chipped parts, whereas the new finishes are not subject chipping and they become injured through unduly rough handling, they can readi- touched even the field. Thus will seen that for ap- plications where practical use the new synthetics place porcelain, greatly the man- ufacturer’s advantage so. How Synthetics Are Applied special nor unduly expensive equipment required handle the high-bake synthetic finishes. They can applied spraying dip- ping, and can baked any well-designed industrial oven ca- pable schedules ranging from Industrial Finishing, May, 1935. 24—THE IRON AGE, August 29, 1935 one two hours temperatures from 250 300 deg. The oven shown the illustration well adapted handling this type finish. Accurate heat control and ample supply fresh air the proper temperature are essen- tial. Since part the curing process such finish accom- plished oxidation, the element fresh air the oven more important than generally real- ized. The maximum hardness the finish cannot obtained even increasing the oven tempera- ture unless there ample oxygen present permit complete oxida- tion the film. case recently arose where user the high- bake synthetic enamel was able get the maximum hardness and toughness baking temperature deg. lower than had been using, simply increasing his oven ventilation. Although the thetic finishes have been available comparatively short time, they have, been adopted for use wide variety products. House- hot water heaters, sink bases, kitchen cabinets, shower stalls and food mixers are few articles which are now quantity production with the new finish. Its merits are amply attested the size and im- portance the manufacturers who have adopted it, and the rigor- ous service which subjected some the products mentioned above. Many manufacturers metal products have learned during the late lean years practice every available economy effort operate profit. Rapid develop- ment the field industrial fin- ishes during the last five years, resulting the production such materials the new high-bake synthetics, offers alert manufactur- ers additional opportunity improve their product reduce their costs, both, the finishing department. Sessions Arranged for Welding Society (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 21) Continuous Structures, Inge Lyse, Fritz Engineering Labora- tory, Lehigh University. 2:00 Presiding officer—C. Adams, director, American Bu- reau Welding. Fundamental Re- search Welding: Are Welding with Pure Iron Welds, Gilbert Doan, Lehigh University; In- vestigations Residual Stresses, Jamieson, McGill Uni- versity; Low Temperature Tests Welds, Otto Henry, Brook- lyn Polytechnic Institute; Creep University California. October 9:45 Presiding officer—D. Wright, chairman, Chicago Sec- tion. Tests Determine the Feasi- bility Welding the Steel Frames Buildings for Complete Con- tinuity, Wilson, Univer- sity Illinois; Welding Radio Tubes, Eckman, Thomson-Gibb Electric Welding Co.; New General-Purpose Me- ter for Resistance Welding, Stansbury, Cutler-Hammer, Inc. 2:00 Presiding officer—G. president, Chicago Bridge Iron Works. Symposium Methods Minimizing Distor- tion: Pressure Vessels, Phillips, Foster Wheeler Co.; Re- pair Welding, Geo. Hettrick, president, Anchor Welding Service, Blaha, General Household Utilities Co. Machine Torch Cutting and Fabrication Tool Equipment, Danly, Danly Machine Spe- cialties Co. October 9:45 Presiding officer—Dr. Mitchell, Illinois Steel Co. Symposium Low Alloy Steels for Welding Purposes: Develop- ment and Use Low Alloy High Tensile Steels Welded Construc- tion, Gibson, The Well- man Engineering Co.; Welding Alloy Steels, Miller, Re- public Steel Co.; Holmberg, Struthers-Wells-Titusville Corbin Chapman, Hedges-Walsh- Weidner Co. 2:00 Presiding officer—E. Vom Steeg, chairman, Meetings and Papers Committee. Welding Alloy Steels, Hodge, Bab- cock Wilcox Co.; Effect Gen- erator Characteristics the Weld, house Electric Mfg. Co.; Elec- trical Characteristics the Weld- Welder Metals, Inc.; Resistance Hook, American Brass Co. | | | . ° | | | } | 4 } j | | | } Enter the Copper House built this country has been completed Copper Houses, suburb. The outside walls, the roof and roofing accessories are all copper. addition, the plumb- ing lines, heating lines, screens, radiation and hardware the in- side the house are also copper copper alloys. The framework structural steel. The floor joists between the basement and the first floor, and between the first and second floors are likewise steel, and the bear- ing the house entirely the outside steel framework. Hence the partitions between the rooms carry load and the arrangement 4 j — 4 rooms can easily changed, just modern office buildings. The outside walls consist copper plates backed half-inch thickness composition board, which adds stability the sheets and minimizes any metallic noise when the plates are struck. The plates are fastened the structural steel means spe- cial bronze holding strip which patents are pending. This method attachment not only holds the copper sheets tightly to- exterior walls are made copper sheets weighing the sq. ft. gether, but also provides for both horizontal and vertical expansion, the same time furnishing weather-proof connection. The roof covered with regular sheet copper over wood deck, and heat and cold insulation provided for 4-in. thickness spun glass. The inside walls are plastered metal lath and the space be- tween the walls filled with spun glass. Hardwood floors are laid the fireproof which supported steel floor joists. While the thickness the out- side walls only about in., the insulation said equivalent approximately ft. solid masonry. The house has complete air- conditioning system provide with warm, moist air the winter and dry, cool air the summer. The air mechanically filtered and cleaned throughout the year. Heat- ing copper radiators con- cealed the walls. The Bethesda house the English type. Copper Houses, Inc., which subsidiary the Kennecott Copper Corpn., plans adhere the more ac- cepted architectural styles, com- bining the savings prefabricated construction with the pleasing ap- pearance established designs home construction. cost com- parison copper houses with the same designs brick wood said favorable copper. Ac- cepted designs, stated, will range from about $4,500 upward. The house represents one the larger structures. The address Copper Houses, Inc., Washington the Rust Fifteenth and Streets Fortieth Street, New York. THE IRON AGE, August 29, , } j they are actually cheaper use than many the older synthetic finishes. recently published article*, Dr. Wilhelm Krumbhaar Beck Koller Co. states that rough estimate the volume business synthetic resin finishes has doub- led every year for the past five years. part this increase has been the expense lacquer and the older types enamel, but with the advent the new high-bake synthetics even the field formerly held porcelain being invaded. The reason that the new finish has been far perfected that practical for use certain products where formerly porcelain was the only coating which would give satisfaction. Thus the stove manufacturers have found pos- sible substitute the new high- bake synthetic for porcelain be- cause the new finish has more heat resistance white and light tints than any organic coating previ- ously developed. Permits Use Welded Metal Naturally, the new synthetics cannot used satisfactorily re- place porcelain all cases, but where they can, the resulting ad- vantages are substantial. Cost studies have shown that porcelain costs least twice much synthetic finish the same prod- uct. Porcelain imposes limitations design, size parts and gage metal which are not encoun- tered when using the new synthet-