The Iron Age 1935-05-09: Vol 135 Iss 19

239 West 39th St., New York Owned, Published and Copyrighted CHILTON COMPANY (Incorporated) Executive and Publication Offices, Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. MUSSELMAN, President FRITZ FRANK, Vice-President FREDERIC STEVENS, Vice-President JOSEPH HILDRETH, GEORGE GRIFFITHS, EVERIT TERHUNE, ERNEST HASTINGS, WILLIAM A. BARBER, Treasurer JOHN BLAIR MOFFETT, Secretary FRITZ FRANK, President VAN DEVENTER Editor Managing Editor News Editor Machinery Editor Editor Emeritus Washington Chicago Cleveland Pittsburgh Detroit Boston Cincinnati Contents May 1935 Axle Parts Require Accurate Porcelain-Enameled Tile Mass Production Basis....... Casting Aluminum Statuary..... Concrete Bar Fabricators Meet............ April Ingot Output ........ Personals and Obituaries Automotive Industry Washington News ............ April Pig Iron Production .......... tatistics Metal-Working Activity Construction and Equipment Products Advertised BAUR, General Advertising Manager DIX, Manager, Reader Service Member, Audit Bureau of Circulations ADVERTISING STAFF 1 Union Bidg., Cleveland Delaware Ave.. Buffalo. Member, Associated Business Papers Emerson 31 75 Published every Thursday. Subscrip- H. K. Hottenstein, 802 Otis Bldg.. Chicago tion Price: United States and Pos- Peirce Lewis. 7310 Woodward Ave.. Detroit sessions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00; Can- Charles Lundberg. Chilton Bidg., Chestnut & 56th Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. C. H. Ober, 239 W. 39th St.. New York W. B. Robinson, 428 Park Bidg., Pittsburgh W. C. Sweetser, 239 West 39th St.. New York Cable Address, ‘‘Ironage, N. Y."' D. C. Warren. P. O. Box $1. Hartford. Conn. ada, $8.50, including duty; Foreign $12.00 a year. Single copy 25 cents 4 | ng van ¥ ts 1935 4 q SOME NOTES BETHLEHEM ALLOY STEELS Nickel alloy which goes into solution steel (ferrite) and has not only the effect imparting greater strength but also improves the ductility any heat-treated part, either annealing, normalizing quenching and drawing. Nickel steels have proved their dependability wide applications over number years. Nickel steels fall the 2xxx classification. The most widely used nickel steels contain from 3.25 3.75 per cent nickel. Other nickel steels, given the order their relative popularity, are those containing 5.00 per cent, 1.50 per cent and 0.50 per cent nickel. Nickel steels are used parts where high strength, measured yield point, elastic limit, tensile strength and Brinell hardness, must combined with high duc- tility and resistance shock. realize the maximum combination properties nickel steels, like all other alloy steels, must heat-treated. With low carbon content (up per cent) the widely used 23xx Series finds application, the carburized and heat-treated condition, for king pins, rock-drill parts, air-hammer parts, collets, leveler rods, piston pins, uni- versal joints, shackle bolts, spline shafts, rocker arms, gears all types, countershafts and studs. their carbon content increases, the 23xx steels have wide general industrial the 0.35 0.45 carbon range they are used, both the water- and oil-hardened condition, for heavy-duty shafts, stud shafts, set screws, studs, bolts, steering knuckles, drive shafts, airplane crank- shafts, rocker arms, engine bolts and studs, connecting rods. With higher carbon—0.45 0.55 per cent—the 23xx Series becomes oil-hardening, and used generally for parts requiring exceptional strength, such heavy-duty pinions, shafts, axles, The 25xx steels, containing 5.00 per cent nickel, are carburizing steels. combine excellent wearing sur- face with extremely strong, ductile and shock-resisting core. They are useful for unusually heavy-service parts, such truck and bus gears, spline shafts, piston pins, countershafts, drive gears, airplane-engine parts. the heat-treated condition, without carburization, the tough- ness these steels lends them such applications pis- ton pins for hammers and turbine blading. Si. Ni. QUENCHED QUENCH NORMALIZED Physical properties 23-40, reliable and popu- lar Nickel steels containing 0.50 and 1.50 per cent nickel (20xx and 21xx) are ordinarily used, the lower carbon ranges, for carburized parts; they possess greater tough- ness than carbon steels under parallel conditions, being used extensively for service gears. They are used also, without carburizing, for such parts engine bolts, stay- bolts and rivets, and for locomotive spring-rigging. For highly stressed and reciprocating parts locomo- tives nickel steel the following composition rapidly coming into use: carbon, 0.20 0.30 per cent; manga- nese, 0.75 0.95 per cent; silicon, 0.15 0.30 per cent; nickel, 2.50 3.00 per cent. his steel usually put service the normalized and annealed condition but the case locomotive axles some railroads quench and draw. IRON AGE, May 1935 201 STEEL THE IRON AGE ... MAY 1935 ESTABLISHED 1855 Vol. 135, No. Toledo VER since the enactment the recovery act organized has tried capitalize popular sympathy for the working masses. Posing the one and only true spokesman for those who toil for wage, the American Federation Labor has been loud its demands for labor's rights. What, brief, are the rights which has insisted? First, the right select representatives one's own choosing without interference coercion. Second, the right collective bargaining. And what does the record show? shows that the Federation will tolerate choice employee representatives outside union ranks. shows that will accept form collective bargaining not coupled with the closed shop. Last year organized labor staged violent strike the Kohler Co. plant. demanded employee election and got it. The election, which was conducted under Government auspices, was unfavorable the national union. Did the accept this defeat gracefully? the contrary, protested the election. other words, will abide elections only when wins them. Recently called strike the Toledo plant Chevrolet Motor Co. just two days before election was due held under the auspices the Automobile Labor Board. Did fear defeat the election? the contrary, the results primaries indicated that the union would have majority the em- bargaining committee. Why then the strike? Because organized labor not interested the right bargain. The word implies give and take. The wants dictate. And its quest for dictatorial power the federation oblivious the rights others. tying strategic plant succeeded stopping the flow essential parts and thereby forced the suspension operations other plants. Employees company units way concerned with the demands made the management Toledo were thrown out employment. Employees outside companies supplying materials and parts likewise were deprived work. Stockholders the organizations affected, many them small investors, were threatened with loss impairment income. And, finally, industrial recovery was given serious blow time. cold, calculating policy riding rough shod over large disinterested groups socially and economically indefensible. The strategy launching attacks managements whenever they are off their guard does not conform American conceptions fair play. bludgeon employers into submission not bargaining. impose the closed shop not identical with allowing employees freedom choice selecting representatives. platitudinize about rights quite distinct from promoting the selfish ends private organization, greedy for dominance over both employees and employers. LACHER Managing Editor, The Iron Age # 3 A 4 a kel ’ Ing ay- no- dly ga- in TRE di H Wars) = axle housing tube mounted between centers hydraulic plain for finishing several diameters. 30-in. diameter 5-in. face wheel employed. FRED JACOBS ° ° ° point view, auto- mobile rear axle mechanism consisting two driv- ing axles mounted bearings be- tween differential gear, the dif- ferential gear case being driven usually spiral bevel gears. The drive shaft carrying pinion mounted anti-friction bearings and the entire rear axle assembly and drive shaft enclosed dust-proof housing. the early days the auto- motive industry, each maker cars trucks made his own axles, for those days individual manu- 3—Differential spider positioned for accurate finishing the cylindrical surfaces which the gears are Automobile Require assure ready assembly parts and interchange- ability, precision grinding relied upon automobile axle manufactur- facturers took considerable pride the fact that the entire product was made one plant. With the development the automotive in- dustry was natural that the work specialized. Thus today the majority axles are made plants devoted exclusively that product. Close competition tween with the fact that the product must made very accurately assure ready assembly and inter- changeability responsible for the fact that precision grinding relied extensively the aver- age axle plant. This article illus- trates and describes few unusual- interesting grinding operations the plant the Eaton Mfg. Co., Cleveland, where the product truck and other heavy-duty axles exclusively. Grinding Rear Axle Housing Tube Ordinary cylindrical precision grinding employed, course, for finishing number components, but such operations formed well-known methods they need special comment. some instances, however, the usual prac- tice varied somewhat. For exam- ple, Fig. shown rear axle housing tube centers for finishing several diam- eters. The machine used 4 4 Rear rate Grind ing. Grinding practices here described include some the special set-ups the plant the Eaton Mfg. Cleveland. Landis hydraulic capable taking work in. long and in. diameter, equipped with alundum wheel 30-in. diameter, 5-in. face, grit, M5B grade. The wheel operated surface speed approximately 5500 ft. per min., while the work speed r.p.m. this particu- lar instance the surface being ground 25% in. diameter and in. long. The advantage wide-face wheel this job ap- parent. The wheel face greater than the width the work, thus the entire length the work process grinding constantly. Again, due the wide wheel traverse feed can employed. Thus the advantages so-called plunge cut grinding are combined with the advantages traverse feed. This results rapid produc- tion and excellent example the utility large wheels. Centerless Grinding Employed Centerless grinding employed advantageously number in- stances. Fig. shows drive axle mounted for grinding. this op- eration the work not fed through the wheels, but held one location and rotated the ac- tion the grinding wheels they are brought to- gether. This machine Cin- 2—Centerless grinding operation drive axles. this application the work not fed through the wheels. The flange end the axle runs rollers special fixture, shown. cinnati centerless grinder fitted with alundum wheel in. diameter, face, grit, grade, operated surface speed 5000 ft. per min. The surface ground in. long and in. diameter. shows, the flange the end the axle runs rollers special fixture. this operation several hundred shafts can ground one after another with the assurance that the finished diameter will within specified limits. essary, course, set the wheels compensate for wear and true the wheels when they fail cut properly gener- ate true surfaces. Such machines are fitted with special wheel-tru- ing devices wherein diamond tool mounted accurate 4—Grinding radial surface back heat-treated differential bevel The work locates special fixture the work-head. | 5—Special fixture for inspecting each gear after radial grinding the slide that can fed past the wheel generate the necessary true surface demanded work. close The part shown position for tial spider and the object grind- ing finish accurately the cyl indrical surfaces which the dif- ferential gears are located. The part held between centers. Dog- ging the work not necessary the drive pin the grinder faceplate contact with one the arms. This machine Norton semi-automatic grinder, capable accommodating work in. diameter and in. long, fitted with alundum wheel diameter, face, grit, M5B grade, operated surface speed 6000 ft. per min. The work speed approximates 100 ft. per min. This plunge cut op- eration, the work fed direct- the wheel without traversing except for slight traverse move- ment the end the cut take out the wheel marks. The fin- ished surfaces are in. di- ameter and in. long. first thought would appear that abnormally large wheel for finishing small job. Ex- perience has shown, however, that large wheels are always more eco- nomical the long run for several reasons. They operate for longer period without truing. The larger the wheel, the greater its grinding IRON AGE, May 1935 backs. differential bevel gear. this op- eration necessary grind the radial surface that there will definite relation between and the gear pitch line. The machine grinder, capable taking work in. diameter and in. long, fitted with alundum wheel in. diameter, face, 100 grit, K6B grade. This wheel oper- ated surface speed approxi- mately 5500 ft. per min. The work rotates speed fixture the work-head, the lo- cating points making contact the pitch line. Thus each gear can positioned exactly alike. The illustration shows this fixture plainly. The gear held place draw rod working through the headstock spindle. With the work located and rotated this 7—Set-up for grinding four holes 5-ton axle housing. special fixture simple box design employed. surface. Under these conditions, maximum production with mini- mum wheel wear assured. Thus the added cost large wheels offset their produc- tive possibilities. Radial Surface Ground Back Bevel Gear The operation shown Fig. grinding radial sur- face the back heat-treated manner, the work-head lated back and forth, which move- ment generates the necessary ra- dius the gear brought contact with the wheel. The oscil- lating work-head was designed Eaton company engineers. special testing fixture used for inspecting each gear after ground pictured Fig. The gear locates over hardened and ground stud and this position the indicator plunger, fitted with end locate against the pitch line, brought contact. The plunger actuates the indicator dial the indicator zero sample gear kept for the purpose. Thus each gear tested will show any errors readily. essential preserve accuracy this opera- tion, for the radial portion not ground correctly the gear would either bind fit too loosely. grinding the radial backs predetermined limits accuracy correct fitting the assembly op- eration assured. Fig. the operation consists grinding surface 7.390 in. diameter and in. wide ring gear. This done before the ring gear turned cut, the ob- ject grinding this step pro- duction being generate true 6—Ring gears are ground before being turned cut, the ground surface being used locating point subsequent operations. 8—Ring gear and pinion mounted for lapping. The lapping operation point subsequent operations. The gear mounted special arbor and held between centers Nor- ton cylindrical grinder, capable taking work in. diameter and in. long. The work speed this operation approximately ft. per min. The wheel alun- dum, in. diameter, face, grit, M5B grade, and operated surface speed 5500 ft. per min. This operation serves good example grind- ing done assure accuracy locating surface. Special Fixture for Grinding Axle Housing Holes Fig. shows axle housing for 5-ton truck mounted special fixture for grinding two holes in. diameter and two holes in. diameter. Each ground hole in. deep. the unit question for multiple- speed axle with eight forward and two reverse speeds, must ma- chined very accurately. The ma- chine Heald planetary-type grinder, fitted with wheel, in. diameter, face, grit, medium soft grade, operated surface speed 5000 ft. per min. The planetary motion the wheel about r.p.m. The special fixture for holding the work bolted the machine platen. means indicator the fixture for the first hole when setting the job. Then the dial graduations the platen traverse screw are relied make the setting for the second hole. The question naturally arises: Why not bore these holes horizontal boring mill and dis- pense with grinding? The holes are rough bored this method before grinding, but experience has shown that finishing grind- ing preserves sizes very accurate- and gives better finish the ground seats. the illustration shows, the fixture simple box design wherein the work located its flange against the back. held place with clamps. This fixture, designed and built the Eaton (CONCLUDED PAGE 96) THE IRON AGE, May Ney q — | P q an automatically coated with porcelain enamel spray gun that travels back and forth right angles the rows tile they move continuous conveyor. This picture section the conveyor line shows, the left, the spraying equipment which applies the coat, and the tile moving into the drying oven, the right. Porcelain-Enameled Tile Made ONE the more re- cent new applications other products the use porcelain-enameled tile for bathroom and wall finishes. This tile made the Youngstown Pressed Steel Co., Warren, Ohio, which has developed unique methods and equipment for handling these small tiles con- veyor belt continuous straight- line production. The system installed perhaps more fully automatic than any that can IRON AGE, May found elsewhere the porcelain enameling industry. The same equipment may used for porce- lain enameling other flat objects mass production basis. Perhaps the most outstanding problem that had faced the manufacture porcelain-en- ameled tile was devise produc- tion methods that would bring the cost down point that would permit the product compete with clay tile wall finish. Auto- matic equipment for spraying the enamel, and other special auto- matic devices were developed permit the continuous movement the work through the various production processes and with capacity produce the tile mass production basis. All the work from making the blanks until the completed tiles are ready for packing done single production line, 300 ft. long and occupying narrow floor space along one side one the plant buildings. the work moves this line speed ft. per min., formed tile 7 ° ° 4 ILE emerging from the burning furnace after the finish coat has been applied. While mov- ing the conveyor the tile becomes cool and then passes rubber belt for packing. Mass Production Basis enameled and ready for packing min. after placed the conveyor line. The conveyor unique because its automatic features. consists various belt conveyor sections, some com- posed parallel strands small cable, others strands fine wire which the tile moves under the spray guns, alloy chains which carry the work through the burning furnaces. The conveyor sections are driven several large drums around which two sets conveyor strands PRENTISS Cleveland Resident Editor, The Iron Age different materials are wound, one drum serving one the driving units for the conveyor either side. Each drum placed that the uppermost point its circumference the same plane the conveyor strands, and the tiles, they pass over the top the drum, are picked the adjoining conveyor line. This arrangement the conveyor sec- tions and their drive produces effect one continuous conveyor. Improvements enamels and the technology enameling have contributed their share porcelain-enameled product. The tiles are made 20-gage vitreous enameling sheet steel that comes from the mills about (CONCLUDED PAGE 94) THE IRON AGE, May j ° ° ° | Sar ry wil ° ° ° > Ve ASTING the Navy and Ma- rine Memorial Washington aluminum has centered the attention the artistic world aluminum statuary. Bronze, brass and lead have been the metals tra- ditionally used for works art, but little nothing known about Yet there are today more than statues made that metal. The Navy and Marine Memorial, situated island the Po- tomac River near the Arlington Memorial Bridge, will dedicated May 31. the largest alumi- num statue yet erected. Begni del Piatta, the sculptor, chose alumi- num his material because its resistance weather, well for the ease with which can cast produce fine detail and the multiplicity distinct and char- acteristic finishes which 14—THE IRON AGE, May 1935 applied and blended for astistic harmony. outstanding example the weathering quality the alumi- num cap the Washington Monu- ment. This cap, placed the monument 1884, was inspected last fall the Bureau Stand- ards and was found excel- lent condition after years’ ex- posure. Similarly, the statue Eros, erected 1893 Piccadilly Circus, London, has given satis- factory account itself. has never been cleaned. The use aluminum statu- ary casting material goes back 1859 when Christofle, French artist, used making statuettes. varied his composition alloy- ing aluminum with copper sil- ver, and the Dijon Exposition displayed number these cast- ings. Christofle used about 100 kg. A\luminum aluminum work which cor- responded goldsmithery. Statuettes Aurora, Jupiter and Juno, Hercules and Omphale, Ariadne, Moliere, and others were cast France between 1913 and 1925, but not until 1929 was there any appreciable increase the amount size aluminum statu- ary. that year two gigantic ™ > ad | Used Casting Statuary sphinxes were placed top the St. Louis Civil Court House, and even larger finial was made for the Standard Oil Building New high, topped off the Chicago Board Trade Building 1930. The aluminum statues which at- tracted most attention the United States were the three fig- ures which were placed the lobby Radio City Music Hall, New York, two years ago. Each about ft. high and each weighs about 500 Many the aluminum statues mentioned were cast the “lost wax” process. many the oldest method cast- ing metal statuary, the “lost the Navy and Marine Memorial, shown the left, the wave ft. long and tapers from ft. width ft. width and crest the wave rises height ft. above the pedestal. The seven which rise from the crest the wave are ft. above the pedestal, Five the gulls have wing spread ft. When casting statue the process, plaster figure first coated with wax film about 1/6 in. thick, shown the left. Gates channels are then added which lead large sprue which the metal poured. After sufficient number outlets have been added, the figure encased with outer covering some refractory material, shown the next picture. then baked, allowing the wax run out. Molten aluminum then poured into the cast. The central figure the bottom page Comiserazione, Restelli, Italian sculptor. St. Christopher, Lisi, the extreme right, the lobby the Central Post Office Palermo, Sicily. ft. high and weighs only 352 Ib. process had been forgotten during the Dark Ages, but was revived Benvenuto Cellini. There are two ways which the “lost wax” process used for statuary cast- ing, depending upon the size the object, which may cast solid, model first made wax. The late Alfred David who brought the art “lost wax” cast- ing high degree perfection, usually used colored wax, this gave him better opportunity study shadows and symmetry. After the model completed, carefully covered with refrac- tory material. This procedure (CONTINUED PAGE 102) THE IRON AGE, May q 3 ; poy ; DIE casting estab- stituting the average run cast- lished important ings, their utility not confined method producing castings unusually small size. duplicate parts fair Rather, almost any part, weighing quantities. Increasing the rate not over and capable production constant activity being made die that does not within the industry. The Parker- measure much more than White Metal Machine Co., Erie, in., can produced readily; Pa., has designed installed parts having abnormally compli- faster equipment for use con- cated coring, which cannot op- siderable part the company’s erated automatically advantage, current production zine alloy not included. die castings. important operating factor Although these machine ability work not only well adapted the making die high speed, but automatically castings smaller than those con- and substantially free from human typical zinc-alloy die castings produced the new high-speed machine the text. Pieces numbered and are produced the rate about 3000 3200 per eight-hour day; piece No. 4000 per day and piece No. 5300 eight hours, from single cavity dies. The pieces vary weight from 16—THE IRON AGE, May 1935 Casting variables, once jobs are set and properly adjusted. The setting-up operation requires little time, the die space quite open and all parts the machine that need ad- justment are accessible. The oper- ator may lubricate the die occa- sionally, but unless inserts are re- quired, constant attendance not needed most jobs. The use inserts slows the casting process somewhat. However, inserts are entirely feasible and are often employed, especially the case simple bushings, which are easily and quickly put place. Fairly complex coring can accomplished and extra slides are often used clear the castings. For economical operation, the actuating mechanisms need such will lend themselves automatic op- eration, without undue expense reference the total production required. description the machine can released this time, be- yond saying that plunger type, similar general arrange- ment the original Parker type machine, but adapted operation the high speeds. The machine capable exerting pressures 5000 lb. per sq. in. metal forced into the dies. However, little advantage has been found result operating pressures above 3000 lb. per sq. in. unless unusually thin sections are cast. Parts thin 0.018 in. have been die cast successfully the 5000-lb. pressure. Casting 1000 lb. and gives denser and stronger cast- ing than 300 500 were used, but very little improvement above 3000 date, only zine alloys have been used the machine. Any the standard zinc alloys can used, but Zamak No. used almost exclusively present. order minimize iron pickup 7 7 7 4 q q | Ay - | —_ | Machines the alloy, the machine pro- vided with rather small metal pot. Melting done small sup- plementary pots beside the ma- chine. From these the metal ladled into the pot the machine hand. All pots are gas-fired and are provided with thermostatic controls which hold the metal temperature within range about deg. indicating pyrometer with hand control used the metal pot the ma- chine. Care taken hold the temperature very close that which the best results are secured with eaeh particular die. Use high-speed machine, nearly 1000 shots hour, gives not only high production rate, but other advantages which should not overlooked. small parts, especially, even much slower ma- chine can made give high gross output, providing die with many cavities employed. This not always feasible and such die expensive and generally sub- ject some variation the cast- ings between different cavities. With high-speed machine, rapid production possible even from single-cavity die, although there are times when more than one cav- ity advantageous. For given production rate, fewer cavities are required the case the high speed machine and single cavity often ample yield produc- tion good better than can had with several cavities ma- chine “normal” low speed. The net result marked advantage die costs and some produc- tion costs the high-speed ma- chine. With this machine some- times possible, because the lower die cost, die cast parts that could not produced econom- ically this method larger dies for slow-speed machines were re- quired. not necessary re- sort unit dies for use com- bination holders, and possible make die any desired di- mensions within the limits the machine. When, sometimes happens, two more parts for given die- cast product are required, often possible make combina- tion die which all the parts are produced each shot the ma- chine; but each case has con- sidered its merits. Because the small size, the dies usually employed are easy handle and can positioned and 8400 eight hours where weight from oz. The 1 =] smaller die castings e-cavity dies are used. rger ones are made single- ° HERBERT CHASE Consulting Engineer, New York ° removed quickly. Simple dies can often set about five min- utes. The machine designed for quick adjustment dies differ- ent thicknesses, and the locking pressure can varied the same adjustments. With metal rapidly fed the case this machine, water-cooled dies are required and flexible hose for circulating water through the dies employed. There auto- provision for knockouts. Reference the accompanying illustrations will serve visualize made rates varying from about 4800 parts range avity dies but the smaller ones are cast dies having from three eight cavities, all which are filled each shot the machine. The small est piece, No. made eight-cavity die with the machine running 960 shots per hour, that total 7500 individual gears per hour are produced THE IRON AGE, May q po | ‘at * the capabilities the machine. Fig. flat cover for air- brake element measuring approxi- weighing about 12% oz. The tubular projection the center has bronze bushing cast insert. Despite the fact that this bushing positioned hand, castings are made the rate about 3000 eight hours. The piece marked No. small machine cover and has eral ribs and bosses. measures tion thickness averaging 3/32 in. The weight oz. Production 4000 per eight-hour day single- cavity die. No. casting simple flanged part with domed recess and two cored holes. The weight oz. Outside dimensions are Approximately 3200 these cast- ings have been produced per day single-cavity die. The same rate maintained the case the circular valve part marked the flange which in. diameter. Section thickness runs from 3/32 in. Cores are con- centric and the piece not espe- cially difficult cast, but the rate high for piece this weight. Casting marked No. valve wheel used locomotive stoker control mechanism. in. diameter in. high and has some sections less than 1/16 in. thick. Although the cores have many serrations they are rather simple they are pulled parallel the axis the piece. About 5300 these pieces have been cast eight hr. This casting weighs only little over oz. One the most unusual cast- ings that marked No. (Fig. shape. The bowl portion, which cast separately from the base, avoid parting line its surface, in. diameter and only 0.018 in. thick. was cast pressure 5000 lb. per sq. in. The production single- cavity mold 8400 eight hr. The base separate casting and 7100 are cast eight hr. single-cavity die. assembled the bowl press striking portion the base which pro- jects slightly through the hole the bowl where the sprue cut off. The assembly weighs only oz. and the bowl, which looks more IRON AGE, May 1935 like stamping than die casting, can flexed easily with the fin- gers. What perhaps the most diffi- cult casting shown, that marked weighing about oz. This has in- tersecting cores, one which curved the are circle and has rocked into place and similarly withdrawn. Section thick- ness varies from about in. the thickest point about 1/32 in. the thin arc-shaped wall. The die designed for automatic rocking the core and produc- tion rate 4800 pieces eight hr. attained. The dome-shaped casting, No. simple piece weighing about oz., but has have excellent control knob clothes wringer and has nickel plated and in. high and cast the rate 6400 eight-hr. day. Casting No. simple part for cancellation stamp but the die requires side slide clear the lettering “F-R-O-N-T” the cylindrical surface just below the flange. weighs about oz. and measures about in. both diameter and length. production 5000 castings eight hr. from single-cavity die has been main- tained this piece. three-cavity die used make the three parts for the han- dle and fastenings for refrigera- tor vegetable tray marked No. 10. The handle itself weighs about oz. and the two end attachments, which are cored and tapped shown, weigh together over oz. The handle in. long and 3/16 in. thick. less than 960 shots the machine per hr. are made with this three-cavity die, total 7200 handles and 14,400 end fittings hr., allow- ing for few minutes idle time. The hex nut with tapered top, No. 11, the stem cap for fau- cet and produced four-cav- ity die, without threads, the rate 750 shots per hr., total 3000 pieces. These nuts are subsequently tapped, polished and plated. They weigh little over oz. each and measure about in. across the flats. Bevel gears measuring in. ex- treme diameter, shown No. 12, and weighing about oz. each, are produced the rate 960 shots per hr. and the small spur gear, marked weighing about 1/12 oz. made eight-cavity die running the same number shots per hr. total 7680 gears per hr. These gears are used toy safe. They are 11/16 in. and have 3/16 in. cored hole. They are in. axial thickness except that alternate teeth are only 1/16 in. thick. Booklet Gives Murex Welding Electrode Data OMPREHENSIVE data, cover- ‘ing Murex heavy mineral coated welding electrodes and con- siderable useful information for the designer and operator, are con- tained attractive 16-page booklet issued the Metal Thermit Corpn., 120 Broadway, New York. include variety applications. Features these electrodes in- clude patented spiral winding asbestos yarn, which non-com- bustible and anchors the extruded coating the core wire that does not crack off when the elec- trode bent. The winding also designed assure uniform thick- ness the coating and prevent wandering the are when weld- ing. The Murex line comprises electrodes for flat welding, vertical and overhead welding welding mild steel, for welding manganese and stainless steels, for hard surfacing and building worn parts, and for welding Cor- Ten, Cromansil and number possessing heat and corrosion re- sistant properties. The Barrett Cravens Co., Chi- cago, manufacturer lift trucks, portable elevators, trucks, the Bristol Co., Waterbury, Conn., manufacturer recording, indi- ments; the Cleveland Worm Gear Co., Cleveland, manufacturer worm gearing and worm gear speed reducers; the Fafnir Bear- ing Co., New Britain, Conn., man- ufacturer bearings and bearing equipment; and the Sco- vill Mfg. Co., Waterbury, Conn., manufacturer brass, bronze and allied metals and equipment, have become members the Exhibitors Advisory Council, Inc., coopera- tive service organization which issues data and information in- dustrial and trade shows located New York. 1 Li ' q 4 j q q q q 4 q 4 4 } 2 . | | | | | the economics mechanize- tion, presented THE these pages, present the modern parents mechanization. Not all them, course, but enough show how thoroughly our machine tool builders have made ready the means for cost reduction and quality improvement. Multiply the number tools shown these pages ten thousand and you will get quantitative picture America’s total metal-working equipment. The machine tool the keystone the machine age. the progenitor every turning wheel; the godfather all machine-made products. such, the ma- chine tool must judged what mech- anization does for and the per cent our people who have incomes less than $3000 per year Let see what sort house this Jack all trades and master all mechaniza- tion, the machine tool, has built. the preceding chapter this series, was shown that mechanization the most powerful all agencies for increas- ing the buying power every man’s dol- lars income. what the man who has in- come, because has job? does not care about the buying power some other dollar, nor how effectively the machine may help make that dollar larger. What wants know whether the machine manufactures unemployment by-product, while engaged turning out larger dollars. All that needed look the house that Jack built through the spectacles common sense. LADDIN rubbed his magical lamp and, and behold, where there had been grass covered plain stood mar- velous marble palace, complete every detail. Henry Ford and other pioneers rubbed the rust from few machine tools and behold, where there then stood industry and employment, now stands indus- trial and business structure that the eighth wonder the world. The building palace created one work for one genie, who worked for wages. The house that Jack, the machine tool built, has created new jobs for millions and billions dollars new and broadly distributed income. great edifice that Jack has built the short space years. shall have use the wings imagination so, be- cause would take longer than years for one actually visit the many rooms and the far flung annexes this mansion. First, there the foundation. the motor car and truck building plants the United States. Here foundation into the building which went one billion four hundred millions dollars, measured the present fixed tangible assets the in- dustry. Merely put together the bricks and mortar this edifice and equip with machinery, there were wages more than billion dollars paid artisans other industries. this foundation operates industry which, since its inception, has paid wages its own workers more than nine billion dollars. But this total ten billions dollars wages merely the beginning the story the house that Jack built. 4 build the cars which came from the house that Jack built has required over million tons steel. And because its making, the steel industry has paid more than one and half billion dollars wages its workers this account. put tires upon the cars that came from the house that Jack built and replace them when worn out, the rubber industry has produced, since 1900, total output tires aggregating fourteen billion dollars wholesale price value. Eighty per cent, more than eleven billion dollars this huge sum, has gone labor inside and out- side the tire industry. Other suppliers parts going into motor cars—forgings, electrical equipment, glass, upholstery and hundred other items—have distributed, because the house that Jack built, total wages well over half billion dollars. All these tributaries the great river wealth and wages flowing from the house that Jack built owe both origin and per- petuation the machine*tool. . this only the beginning EVE story. There are many annexes the house that Jack built. Take, for example, the great oil andg industry. Since the introduction automobile, this industry has had the motor-minded public with nearly billion dollars worth gasoline and cating oil. this, nearly lions have gone into work and wages. Pipe lines and pumps transport golden flow, well tank cars for part ha: othe road petroleum transportation, have envelopes. was direct by-product the automobile hence part the house that Jack have added full fourteen billion wages. Fifteen billions dollars wages been paid chauffeurs, truck drivers, repair mechanics and service station ployees and parking space attendants the birth the motor car. transpo and texti army ported that Ja - 6h wages created industry that was created and maintained the ma- tool. Such has been the contribution rly and other parts which not have time ages. explore. The part, for example, that con- more than 300,000 tourist cabins, for half million road stands; all which part this one among many houses that has built. Just part it, for there q have upon the motor car. The part, too, into creates “white employment wages the show rooms and offices more than thirty-seven thousand American dealers. The employment cre- finished products: Employment ges mines and refineries and mills; vers, tion nts plants. Employment, too, the army Government workers who are sup- ported the flow taxes from the house that Jack built. ath mechanization been de- stroyer jobs? Against the nebulous arguments the theorists who say has, marshal this huge, provable and realistic army seventy- seven billions wage dollars refu- tation. Seventy-seven billions dollars wages represents least one hun- dred billion hours employment. employment due strictly the wealth machine tool. new jobs and new years. veritable ocean employ- ment opportunity spreading its work waters from ocean ocean and from coast coast. Aladdin would have had neither the imagination nor the temerity wish for such edifice the machine tool has brought into being. And genie could have made the wish come true. This great house that Jack built but Radio, refrigeration, air transportation and hundreds other industries providing wide em- ployment for labor owe their exist- ence and their perpetuation the magic wand mechanization, sym- bolized the curling chip from the machine tool. Mechanization the great broad- ener the distribution wealth. And the machine tool our greatest basic multiplier working opportu- 4 + Machines Pictured Rotogravure Section FIRST PAGE 1—Cincinnati Bickford Tool 2—Monarch Machine Tool 3—Brown Sharpe Mfg. 4—Heald Machine 5—Gleason Works 6—Bullard Co. 7—Landis Machine Co. 8—Wickes Bros. 9—Oilgear Co. Milling Machine Co........ 11—Ex-Cell-O Aircraft Tool Corpn 12—Norton Co. 13—Ingersoll Milling Machine Co.......... SECOND PAGE 15—Henry Wright Mfg. Co............. 16—Warner Swasey 17—Kane Roach, Inc 18—Blanchard Machine Co..... 19—Baird Machine 20—Fellows Gear Shaper Britain-Gridley Machine 22—Kearney Trecker Corpn 24—Bridgeport Safety Emery Wheel Co. 25—Cincinnati Shaper Co. 27—William Sellers Co., Ine. 28—Cimatool Co. Super-Service upright drills Magna-Matic automatic lathe No. plain milling machine Centerless internal grinder Spiral bevel pinion rougher Relay Contin-U-Matic Double-head Landmaco threading machine Surface broaching lathe High-production motor block bearing-pad broaching machine Precision boring machine for boring two transmission gears Cylindrical grinder, 6-in. type with hydraulic wheel feed Pack one-way, vertical multiple-spindle drill (rear view) hydraulic honing machine for all bores motor block Dieing machine, ton, with double roll feed Turret lathe, high-speed, No. Cold roll former, series Vertical surface grinder, high-power automatic internal grinder Gear lapping machine with detachable head for spur gears Six-spindle chucking machine Milwaukee vertical miller designed use carbide cutters internal grinder, type Face grinder with center-control magnetic chuck All-steel shear Double-spindle disk grinder, one the largest ever built, for finishing opposed surfaces heater sections Birdseye view double-housing planer Peerless gear tooth chamferer THE IRON AGE, May 1935—27 ke om q — * 4 4 ‘ Heald are precision boring, facing and machine and heavy double end machine. Whether you turning work all kinds practically every mechanical have small lots and wide variety work mass production industry. much more economical manufacturing costs, one several parts, one these Bore-Matics will just these machines give that exacting accuracy and finish now meet your requirements. required assure longer life, better performance and few examples their possibilities are illustrated. you greater efficiency the finished product. have work made soft steel, cast iron, non-ferrous They can furnished three styles; small economical material that bored, faced turned, sure machine with boring heads one end, heavy single end full data about handling Heald Bore-Matic. Top—Boring carburetor casting for airplane engine. Right—Style No. Bore-Matic with various quills for boring and facing tractor bearing cages. Bottom—Various truck parts all bored Heald Bore-Matic. THE HEALD MACHINE . ‘i 29—Potter Johnston Machine Co............ Two-spindle automatic chucking and turning machine THIRD PAGE 31—Farrel-Birmingham Co., Inc.............. Roll grinder with V-belt drive 32—Jones Lamson Machine Co.............. Ram-type universal turret lathe Rotary, continuous production gear hobbing machine 34—Gallmeyer Livingston Co............... surface grinder arranged for wet grinding 35—Toledo Machine Tool Co................ Four-point press, with cushion bed for auto body stampings Sales Machine unit mechanism, drilling and tapping machine 38—W. John Barnes Three-way machine for boring tractor transmission cases 14-in. vertical surface grinder with hydraulic table drive 40—Chambersburg Engineering Co............ Steam drop hammer, 12,000 41—Universal Boring Machine Co............. Tri-way horizontal boring machine, No. Eberhardt Special machine for hobbing worm gears and milling worms 44—National Automatic Tool Co.............. Crank and cam hole boring machine Improved board drop hammer, motor driven FOURTH PAGE 46—Acme Machine Tool Co................... No. universal turret lathe equipped for bar work 47—Gardner Machine Co. .................... Four-head unit for production grinding auto door hinges 49—Newark Gear Cutting Machine Co......... Gear hobbing machine 50—Cochrane-Bly Co. Duplex miller and shaper, with high-speed spindle. 51—Thompson Grinder surface grinder 52—Joseph Ryerson Son, Inc............. Friction saw, cutting billet Instrument Die making machine 54—Baush Machine Tool Co.................. Three-way drilling machine 55-—Boye Emmes Machine Tool Co........... 16-in. geared-head lathe 56—Lapointe Machine Tool Co................ Vertical hydraulic surface broaching machine 57—Bignall Keeler Machine Works......... Large pipe machine 58—Gisholt Machine Co...................... Universal turret lathe, No. 59—Sundstrand Machine Tool Co.............. Special hydraulic-feed unit for milling engine exhaust manifold pads and water intake pad one pass the cutters 60—Mitts Merrill, Keyseater, with special indexing table THE IRON AGE, May 1935—29 ag i Ss a ¥ ral 4 Millions cars, real marvels speed, comfort, and stamina, are produced yearly—a gigantic production problem. Behind the scenes, Cincinnati and Cincinnati Grinding machines are schedules. The High Speed Dial Types give you the ad- vantages the high speeds and feeds necessary for the rapid production non-ferrous parts. the same time gives you the added ad- vantages the lower speed-feed ranges and convenient operating features desirable tool room miller. (Publication No. M-588.) = 4 For real milling production, you can’t beat the Cincinnati Hydromatic. Longer cutter life, smoother finishes, and consistent accuracy are running mates with the high production. Then, too, the design this miller permits build for you special semi-special machine 30—THE IRON AGE, May 1935 a 1 ‘he k ati BEHIND MILLION MOTOR CARS short order. Your production line matics. (Publication No. M-616.) Your small parts can milled quicker the 1-12, because gives you the combined advan- tage bed type and knee-column type miller. table cycles, high speeds and feeds, and convenient operating features assure un- interrupted procession parts your assem- bly line. (Publication No. M-583.) The Centerless Grinder, the old stand-by your industry, capab'e doing even greater things for you than the record finish and pro- duction figures vears ago. Refinements designs and new attachments are the reason. Let our grinding machine specialists show you the way more economical Centerless Grind- or ing. (Publication Nos. G-379 and G-370.) You can plan elaborate production schedule, and you can have the most up-to-date machine tools for meeting that schedule, but the basic requirement correctly sharpened tools must met the machines can not produce. The Cincinnati No. Cutter and Tool Sharpening Machine offers you rapid and easy method obtaining the accurate clearance angles which cation No. M-627.) Your center-type grinding jobs, whether they are large small, plain intricate shape, can ground the Cincinnati Type Grinders manner which will satisfy both your inspection and production supervisors. Our Center-Type group ranges from small swing Saddle-Type 60” swing Roll Grinder. (Specify size and type machine when writing for catalog. The Hydro-Broach gives you more economica! method finishing definite class parts, ranging from brake-spreaded cams blocks. When you want speed the assembly line, consider the parts which could broached. They can finished the Hydro- Broach rate and exactness which will satisfy perhaps exceed your production re- quirements. (Publication No. M-584.) THE CINCINNATI MILLING MACHINE CO. CINCINNATI GRINDERS INCORPORATED Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. Al! Machines Patented or Patents Pending THE IRON AGE, May 7 4 y iP J - . Laer: 5 ude 7 FIFTH PAGE 61—R. LeBlond Machine Tool Center-drive automatic crankshaft lathe for line-bearing work. 62—Cleveland Automatic Machine Automatic screw machine 63—Mattison Machine Hydraulic surface grinder 64—Acme Machinery 65—National Broach Machine 66—Producto Machine Cam-type unit for milling six locating surfaces crank- shaft 67—Abrasive Machine Tool Close-up surface grinder finishing tops small vises 68—American Tool Works 6-ft. radial drill operation printing press part 69—Edlund Machinery Co. Eight-spindle drilling machine 70—Waterbury Farrel Foundry Machine Co.. Motor lamination blanking machine 71—Yoder Co. Automatic cut-off machine 72—Murchey Machine Tool Threading machine, No. 73—Reed-Prentice Corpn. Toolroom lathe, sliding-gear head 74—Cincinnati Lathe Tool Lathe for toolroom work 75—Fosdick Machine Tool Co. SIXTH PAGE 76—Rockford Drilling Machine Co. High-production hydraulic drilling machine with multiple-sta- tion indexing table Vertical coil-spring grinder Gear hobber and thread miller Machine Co. Melling crankshaft lathe 80—Van Norman Machine Tool Universal miller, No, Drilling Machine Six-speed electrically-controlled drilling and tapping machine 82—Davis Thompson Co..... ....Continuous drill for large crankshaft holes Machine Tool ... Hy-Draulic shaper-planer 85—Fox Machine Co. Three-way tapping machine for cylinder head work 86—American Broach Machine Co. continuous surface broaching machine 87—Micro Corpn. Internal grinder, the largest its type, set for Diesel en- gine cylinder liner Profiling machine for special operations Surface grinder, type 90—Consolidated Machine Tool Corpn.......... Newton planer-type miller with four unit heads, hydraulic feed and dual control 32—THE IRON AGE, May 1935 | i May THE IRON AGE, May 1935—33 SEVENTH PAGE 91—Hutto Engineering Co., Inclined axis gear lapper Machine Tool Horizontal boring, drilling and milling machine with auxiliary high-speed drive 93—Springfield Machine Tool Co.............. crankshaft-bearing boring machine Machine Tool