The Iron Age 1932-11-17: Vol 130 Iss 20

THE IRON AGE November 17, 1932 Consulting Editor Emeritus Managing Editor Markets and News CONTENTS Still Waiting?—What For? 753 Sales Leather,” Past and Present 754 Controlling Operation Steckel Mills 756 Automatic Production Roller Chain 758 Monorail System Warehouse 761 “Better 762 Study Production Methods 764 Putting the Question Mark Work 769 Business Its Larger Aspects 771 New Equipment 766 News 770 Automotive Industry 773 Personals and Obituaries 774 Letters the Editor 776 Editorials 777 Markets 779 Construction and Equipment Buying 794 Products Advertised (Advertising Section) Index Advertisers (Advertising Section) THE IRON AGE PUBLISHING COMPANY, 239 WEST 39th NEW YORK Division of United Business Publishers, Ine F. J. FRANK, President G. H. GRIFFITHS, Secretar ‘ Ss BAUR, General Advertising Man Copyright, 1932, by LDVERTISING STAFF Tue IRON PUBLISHING Co. Fir lley, 1362 Hanna Bide Clevelar J Member, Associated Business Papers Published every Thursday Subscription Price United States and Pos ions, Mexico, Cuba, $6.00 Canada. $8.50, incl duty: Foreign, $12.00 a year. Single Copy 25 Cents Cable Address: ‘‘Tronage, N.Y."’ | | | | | 1] | SEVEN THE IRON AGE...NOVEMBER 17, 1932 Page that’s serviee that gold cannot buy Elmer who pilots our lighter between our Phillipsdale, and New York Mills, weighed anchor one March afternoon for the trip New York. During the night March rain turned with the wind blowing sixty miles hour. Captain Elmer should have put New London and waited for clearer weather. headed the lighter into the gale with million pounds steel aboard. All night fought his way along Long Island Sound. times the wind and waves actually stood the boat end. the next afternoon, the Walling tied our pier the Harlem River, only three hours late. When asked the Captain why pushed through the storm answered, knew you cannot buy. Working with for the Captain, like all the rest us, has come rec- ognize service the customer the first duty. Perhaps you are pretty much ready through fire and water please customer. You understand, then, the type service which try give every customer who buys small large quantities. would like co-operate with you the next time you require any our the meantime, will pleased answer any inquiry which you may have. WASHBURN WIRE CO., PHILLIPSDALE, WASHBURN WIRE INC., NEW YORK CITY CLEAN, ROUND, FLAT RODS TEMPERED AND UNTEMPERED FLAT AND ROUND HIGH CARBON WIRES 7 4 SS | | ~ 7 7 | — ESTABLISHED 1855 RON AGE.. NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 17, 1932 Still So, for What? floods political oratory cease, “the shouting and the tumult die. Now the ensuing welcome silence, practical Americans can better plan their course business action. What shall be, watchful waiting persistent plugging? have had too much watchful waiting during the bygone months. “Let’s wait until Congress adjourns; let’s wait until the conventions are over; let’s wait until election takes Watchful waiting may times meritorious, but its continued prac- tice gets one nowhere. Our practice has inoculated some with the virus. And this habit saps the vitality those who indulge it. There are those who planned renewed sales effort had the election gone the other way. may tempted wait while longer see what happens. How much longer? The political die has been cast for four years. start you expect get going all. Business takes both its politics and its politicians too seriously. Men did business and made profits long before the first Democrat Republican cast his ballot. Men will continue business profitably long after these party labels are mildewed and motheaten. Have fear administration. The party power always becomes conservative. Witness the erstwhile Labor government Great Britain. Have fear the abandonment protective tariffs and the ensuing dumping foreign goods and ditching American wage levels. Economic pressure, not political parties, dictates tariff acts. Witness “free England. Have fear discontinuance established reconstruction and rehabilitation policies. doctor will change the medicine improv- ing patient for whose recovery responsible. The present attitude our business men will more determine the fate American business than the problematical actions adminis- trative and legislative bodies. extend the period of. watchful wait- ing, business will get better and political experimentation will order. throw off the mafana virus and put our shoulders our individual will continue improve and shall insure the perpetuation sound governmental policies. 753 q 2 > 4 4 2 ; | | | Sales Shoe Leather, Past and Present VEN with the decline ness volume, there seem exist the usual tendency for falling off the number sales- men calling this office. true that during the past two years our manufactured lines some extent have changed, but are buying prac- tically the same materials and sup- plies heretofore. few items have been dropped, while few others have been added. the past, have noted that when business conditions were fair there was tendency for the number salesmen’s calls increase. When were better than fair, there would decline the number salesmen calling. This was accounted for the tendency send more orders through the mail rather than wait for the salesmen call, and which would result some the salesmen being held the plant office help out with other work. When business conditions were poor bad, there was also tendency for the number calls decline. How ever, that not the condition now, least far this office and the number salesmen making calls here during tbe first four months this year was higher than the aver- age for the corresponding period the past six years. started 1926 keeping record salesmen’s calls, classified cer- Iron Age, November 17, 1932 RUSSELL Purchasing Agent, Farquhar Co., Ltd. tain products and lines, months. The totals for the various years are follows: 1926 2499 1927 2782 1928 3042 1929 2881 1930 2674 1931 2692 total 16,570 calls six years. divide this total the months, these six years, find that there was average 230 calls per month. The record for this year indicates the number calls for the first four months was follows: January 263 February 272 March 251 April 275 referring our records for the corre- sponding four months, for the six pre- vious years, find the following averages: 1926 219 1927 232 1928 273 1929 240 1930 247 1931 230 With the exception 1928, this year (1932) started out with higher average, even though the salesmen were sending fewer orders, that the impression received from those who talked frankly me. short time ago salesman called this office, who started off fol- lows: “Hello, Mr. Russell. sell- ing the worst belt earth. have been Allentown, Reading, Harris- burg, Lancaster and York, and have not sold five cents’ worth. you want any?” then explained that had been trying sell his belt good belt, the equal any other good belting, but finding that was not suc- cessful, had changed his tactics. Complete Record for Weeks not have daily records calls previous the first the present year, all the forms which accumulated the total the monthly calls were destroyed and the totals months retained. However, have the records daily calls from the beginning this year, but the following tabulation, drop- ping the month January, not be- cause this month was any different from February, March and April, the total calls for January were 263, but because Feb. was Monday, and April Saturday, other words, completing the give the daily record salesmen’s below for the above period; name- ly, Feb. April 30, 1932, inclusive: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 102 188 163 190 153 have very few salesmen callers Saturday mornings, only ap- pointment. The great majority eut-of-town salesmen leave for their homes Friday evening, and the local salesmen are usually busy the stores and offices the firms they represent. far have considered only the first four months 1932. For the months May, June, July and Au- gust, the following table will show comparison salesmen’s calls with the same months the years 1926- 1931: May June July August 1926 230 200 1927 212 267 194 245 1928 312 260 1929 256 259 1930 250 247 1931 219 245 231 166 1932 202 216 215 The averages for these four months, each the seven years listed, are follows: 1926 211 1927 229 1928 251 1929 256 1930 215 1931 215 1932 205 The total number calls for this a as GALES effort, represented part salesmen’s calls, has been curtailed considerable number metal-working and machinery- building concerns. this sound present-day policy? Perhaps might condoned economy measure, provided one’s competi- tors were all doing likewise. The author, purchasing execu- tive important and typical company, has maintained detailed records the sales calls made upon his company for the past six years. His statistics show that the average number calls has been surprisingly well maintained during the depression, and that Sept. this year, the total ex- ceeded those for the correspond- ing period 1931. This article the fifth THE IRON series the impor- tant general subject Modern Merchandising and Marketing the Metal-Working Industry. 1880 and this compares with 1780 1931. salesman today vital impor tance his firm, the Advocate Coarse Grain Steel For TEEL coarse grain upsets into denser product than one finer grain and the denser material more readily machined, according Cederleaf, works manager the Muncie Products Division the Gen- eral Motors Corpn., Muncie, Ind., and Sanders, plant and metallurgi- cal engineer the Muncie plant. Their studies forgings, having gear forgings particularly mind, were contributed the American Society Mechanical Engineers. They find that forging tempera- ture 2150 deg. must main- tained within variation not more than 100 deg. They insist that the dies must designed that the flash interferes minimum extent with the compressing the metal the subsequent operations. After cor- recting the dies and maintaining forg- ing temperatures, marked improv ment was found machinability They then set out whether, filling the dies and con- trolling the flash, better machining characteristics could obtained further compression the metal. peated hammerings improved machin ability but etched still showed that cavities had not been entirely closed. The next step was work steel that might have more ductile fibers, one promoting the the metal without tearing. For purpose steel bars were secured hav- ing grain-size ratings 2100 deg. and different sized upsets were made the end the bar ture benefits derived from his regular contact with customers prospective customers. Now the time start the ground work for future sales. There are very few firms today that are not working under some kind handicap, collection handicaps, and helpful service now means more than under normal, closer normal, conditions. Every order seems require extra quick service. Stocks are low mis- matched. Quotations are made cus- tomers’ inquiries rush. The plac- ing the actual order may delayed weeks and months, but when finally placed rush order. All along the line special service asked, and usu- ally secured. procedure that has tendency increase costs, and re- quires extra precaution avoid er- rors. Specifications are more technical than the past, and the buyer more frequently calls the salesman his firm for additional specific details, greater information the adapta- bility the product the needs the ultimate user. The cost selling today un- doubtedly excessive many lines, but some this extra expense can looked upon holding the good will the customer and retaining him customer. know that there are many sales men who formerly called, that have not been this office during the past few months. large proportion those calling seem new men this territory. Others are dropping more frequently than previous years. believe that more calls are made each city and town because even small orders are welcomed today, not only the salesman but the firm represents. And once cus- tomer has been secured, even the initial order only small one, there much better future opportunity for the salesman when larger orders are the offing. Gear Forgings that the coarse-grained steels were more ductile and did not tear up- setting, while the finer-grained steels and became more porous. the authors hold that the re- search proved that the fibers were more ductile the coarse-grained than the fine-grained, and that these more ductile fibers afford greater density the forging. The authors believe the cav- ties voids forging that affect machinability. They regard the tool the case what may called the porous forging having double duty perform: first, close the cavities with adjacent metal that has proper backing, and then Concluded Page 793) The Age, November 17, 4 ‘ P | « q | \\\ oy for rheostat the small Steckel mill installation, hand wheel operator's com mand extension rheostat shaft Steckel mill precision machine for rolling exceedingly thin strip very high quality, gage and finish. article THE IRON AGE (Jan. 14, 1932) described the rolling principle and mechanical details. Only brief description the mill, and those tails affecting the electrical equip ment, will given here. The mill consists essentially two small working rolls, backed two much larger rolls; two freely rotat- ing cooling drums, over which the rip passes traveling working rolls the reels; two reels; the necessary gearing, and means adjusting the draft. The strip drawn through the rolls and wound reel, while unwinds from the other the “trailing” reel. Thus all power for rolling applied through the strip itself. This fact, view the thin gages and quality strip rolled, necessitates very gradual application tension when starting and accel erating. + desirable arrange the equip- ment that acceleration may stopped any speed for gaging strip, the equipment must stopped very quickly prevent possible dam- age the rolls. This flexibility and 756—The Iron Age, November 17, 1932 choice the rate acceleration deceleration makes hand control very essential. The only method control which will give satisfactory operation under the above requirements called adjustable potential type. This scheme requires separate, adjust- able potential generator for use with the motor driving the mill. will described more fully later on. Rheo- static constant potential control, whereby the motor connected constant potential source power through resistor which then short circuited definite steps for starting, not satisfactory. From the standpoint production, simplicity equipment and manipu- lation are utmost importance. further requirement the use back tension the strip. This necessary obtain flat, smooth strip the proper quality and finish, and inherent feature the roll- ing process. addition, this prevents the “trailing” reel from over-running and unwinding too fast. general, the power required for hold-back ten- sion approximately per cent that required for rolling. There are two methods obtain- ing this hold-back tension—by using friction brakes which the Cold Metal Controlling Operation Steckel Mills MOHLER Industrial Engineering Department, General Electric Co. Process has developed for this purpose, and using electric regen- erative braking. When using the fric- tion brake, the power required for hold-back tension dissipated the form heat. using the electric regeneration, the power, the losses the electrical machines, fric- tion the gearing, etc., returned the electrical system, and saved. The choice, course, question economy. the smaller drives the initial cost the necessary electrical equipment, mechanical arrangement, gearing, etc., greatly outweighs the saving power obtained. However, the use regenerative braking may cause appreciable saving. Steckel mills may divided into two general classes—small and large mills. the former class are the mills driven motors ranging from hp. 200 hp., while the latter em- ploy motors from 200 1750 hp., and larger. This arbitrary division, based previous practice, and may varied occasion arises. How- ever, will serve give idea the size motors involved and the division mills. The accompanying illustrations cover small mill, driven 100 hp.- 550/1200 r.p.m. motor. simplified diagram this equipment also given. The gearing and method driving will bear little considera- tion. will noted that the main gears rotate opposite directions. The ratchet wheel and reel drum are combined into one solid part which connected the main gear through engaging pawl. Thus, when oper- ating the direction indicated, the pawl for No. reel engaged, and the pawl for No. reel disengaged. not necessary reverse the direction rotation the driving motor, but merely engage one pawl Control the other. This done lever which discernible the general view near the center the mill. The electrical equipment for the small mill consists adjustable speed d.-c. motor-generator set with direct connected exciter for supplying d.-c. power, control panel, hand- operated rheostat, ammeter, exciter field rheostat, and starting equipment for the synchronous motor driving the motor-generator set. The control panel provides line contactor for connecting the motor the generator, overload relay, control relay for handling the coil circuit the line contactor, protec- tive relay prevent the closing the line contactor, protective relay prevent the closing the line con- tactor when there voltage across the armature either motor gen- erator, and combination field and control switch, From the simplified diagram can seen that the control motor speed obtained through the manipulation the hand operated rheostat. When moved from the position, the line contactor closes, connecting the motor the generator. Continued turning the handwheel first strengthens the field the generator until full voltage obtained, and then weakens the field the motor until the desired rolling speed reached. the handwheel returned the other direction the motor field grad- ually strengthened, then the generator field weakened, and finally the line contactor opened. severe overload will cause the line contactor open. However, the control arranged that the rheostat must returned the “off” position before can closed again. Particular attention has been given the design the rheostat, here also illustrated. The construction Backing-up roll } Working roll Reel No.2 j Engaging pawl on trailing side, leading Ratchet gear Equipped with water cooled friction brake which set trail- ing side for maintain- ing back tension Hand operated rhcostat con- trols starting, Engaging pawl ide, a Steckel mill for rolling thin strip was described respect the rolling principles and me- chanical details THE IRON AGE Jan. 14, 1932. The elec- trical side more fully covered the accompanying article, which discusses the arrangements for small speed changes under the immediate control the operator strip process. The con- trol requirements include gradual application tension the strip starting and accelerating, and the need quick stopping flaws appear and damage the rolls likely happen. rugged withstand the severe chanical and electrical wear impose from practically continuous operation. Ball bearings and means for lubrica- tion are provided and are arranged such manner that the rheostat erates without binding action. The rheostat placed back the dial placed the mill housing tor the convenience the operator de- termining the load the motor, and thereby the approximate tension the strip. The control for the synchronous motor has been omitted from the dia- gram because any recognized type control satisfactory and great deal has been published this sub- ject. The exact type depends upon the voltage, required interrupting ca- pacity the line breaker, personal preferences regard metering equipment, etc., for the equip ments. Some prefer use induction with fuil voltage starters. Control for Large Steckel Mills One large mill has been installed and employs two 500-hp. motors, one for driving each reel. These motors are connected parallel and are served one 400-kw. generator. The leading motor pulls the strip through rolls and the trailing motor acts regenerative brake for the mair tenance back tension. The cooling drums are free move vertically and each supported beam mechanism. This can adjusted for the required back tension movable weights, much the same ordinary scale for weighing materials. The scale beams, either side the mill, are con- mill, indicated the general view nected separate regulators which the mill, and connected the hand- wheel shaft extension. The handwheel located the operator can reach with either hand whil observing the strip either side the working rolls. large number points are used both the generator and motor field sections order give small increment speed. large ammeter with om stopping and Speed Gen. Field [Rheostat| motor (S) control panel Exciter Oreaker and Synch! usual syunch- e ronous motor Simplified diagram control the fields the respective ors. However, only the regulator the “trailing” side operative dur- any one direction rolling. When the tension increases above the required amount, the scale beam operates the regulator weaken the field the mo- tor and this decreases the voltage and regenerative output. When the ten ) Concluded Page 793 | HEOSTAT for small Steckel mill has ball bearings and construction generally meet severe mechanical and electrical wear small Steckel mill shows the electrical speed control the driving The Iron Age, 17, 1932—757 | | \y contactor 5 } 2 Automatic Machines Speed Roller ufactured the Baldwin-Duck- worth Mfg. Co., Springfield, Mass., made two types link units known roller links and pin links. The roller links each have two side plates, two bushings and two rollers, while the pin links each have but four parts, namely, plates and two pins. All these parts have been standardized far possible for different chain designs and the various manufacturing proc- esses have been developed over period many years give high- speed production and high quality. Many unique automatic operations have been introduced and the present production per minute many times greater than was few years ago roller chain, man- The side plates are first blanked from coiled steel strip stock the au- tomatic blanking machine shown Fig. Each stroke the machine produces two blanks and the design the die such that these blanks are staggered distribute the pressure. The width the strip and the con- tour the blank have been carefully studied and coordinated produce minimum scrap. After blanking HERBERT SIMONDS the skeleton strip travels beyond the dies through small shearing mechanism the left, which cuts into short lengths for greater ease handling. This shear operated from cam the main shaft. interesting feature utilized many places throughout the manufac- magazine into which parts are re- ceived from one operation and deliv- ered succeeding operation. front the blanking press Fig. two these vertical magazines may seen. The blanks they are cut are forced down through the lower die, around U-tube and into the base the magazines. When such magazines are full the press auto- matically stopped. operator then removes the magazines, replacing them with empty ones, and the full magazines are transferred become the feeding magazines for another press operation. Two Operations for Accuracy Occasionally some sacrifice high- speed production must made se- FIG. greater accuracy separate machines are used for beveling and piercing. Iron Age, November 17, 1932 cure greater accuracy. This the case with the beveling and piercing the side link blanks. These two op- erations could easily performed one machine, but has been found that under such conditions there tendency the beveling operation slightly distort the holes; therefore, two machine are used for the two op- erations. These machines are shown Fig. which the beveling opera- tion shown the right. Here the links from one the ver- tical magazines are fed automatically the beveling die and after being beveled are forced into another re- ceiving magazine manner similar that described for the blanking press. When magazine this ma- chine full, transferred the piercing press shown the left, where again the operation feeding from the magazine the dies auto- matic one. this operation the holes are finish-pierced precision limits. Special Attachment For Pins The production link pins follows along parallel that side plates and the speed production both cases coordinated that the right proportion for the completed links will maintained. The pins are cut from steel rods automatic screw machines, but both ends each pin must recessed facilitate the heading operation when the links are assembled, auxiliary tooling necessary. The outer end the pin recessed the usual manner tool held the turret the auto- screw machine. This tool, course, completes its before the pin cut from the end the bar. After the pin has been formed cut off exact size tools mounted the cross slide the machine. However, just before the cut completed auxiliary arm at- tached the upper structure the machine and precisely timed syn- chronize with the cutting operation swings down with humanlike motion and firmly grips the pin time hold for the last second the cut- ting-off operation. then carries upward recessing tool also at- tached the upper structure the machine and operated separate belt and pulley. Fig. shows this re- cessing tool about engage the pin. The operation entirely automatic, and the pins completed are dropped 4 Chain Production & ITH the introduction the high-speed electric mo- tor and individual drive came the demand for new means power transmission. One the results was the chain drive. This was originally perfected Hans Renold, Manchester, England, the early part the nineteenth century. Since then the design chain and sprockets has under- gone many changes and improve- ments. Recently American chain manufacturers have taken long strides perfecting heat treat- ment and precision machining methods the production roller chain. The accompanying description gives the highlights the production this type chain the modern plant the Baldwin-Duckworth Mfg. Co. into container the side the machine. Instead making the rollers from tubing has been found advantageous cut and form them from steel strip. This done ingenious automatic machines. The strip which fed from coils bent U-shape the first die impression and then suc- cession forming and revolving op- erations the small accurate cylindri- rolls are produced. The joint 1.—Blanks for side links are au- tomatically forced into zines. these cylinders, which unwelded, nevertheless closed tightly the forming operation that scarcely discernible. The completed rollers drop into containers for transfer the cleaning and heat-treating de- partments. Both the side plates and the rollers are heat treated horizontal rotary furnaces. The parts are fed bulk into one end furnace and when they have slowly traversed the length the revolving cylinder they are automatically dropped into oil means auxiliary at- tachment link pins with both ends re- cessed are produced automatically quenching tank the opposite end. The arrangement furnace and tank shown Fig. Each quenching tank contains three wire mesh baskets mounted revolving turret. soon one basket has been filled the turret makes one-third revolution bringing empty basket position receive the parts from the fur- nace. the intermediate position the recently filled basket remains for interval for cooling and the final position the cool basket removed and empty one set its place. Handling the baskets done chain hoists overhead trolley system. The method handling various parts throughout the plant has been given particular attention. Excess stocks process have been reduced minimum, but the need for flexible operation and for filling orders for large variety sizes and designs has made necessary close proximity the assembly de- partment. Automatic Assembling Completed parts for special designs are stored the rack shown Fig. This built standard angles and straps and the tote boxes themselves are made sheet steel. Each box, with its own particular place the rack, slides and out easily the angle guides. The tote boxes are accessible from both sides The Iron Age, November 17, 1932—759 | | | — the rack and each box carefully labeled with colored tag indicate the particular size and type part Other racks similar de- sign are used for the parts stand- ard types chain. Because the many special de- signs links, assembling operations are often highly complicated. Wher- ever possible automatic assembling has been accomplished and other cases semi-automatic operations are used. Usually the parts assem- bled which are stored bulk dumped into specially designed, ro- tating hoppers which automatically select the parts one time predetermined position and feed them into magazines from which they may automatically fed the assem- bling machines. Fig. shows erator semi-automatic machine assembling roller links. Each link explained consists two side plates, two bushings and two 1G. 4.—Horizontal rotating fur- naces are used for heat treating roller chain parts an 4 4 5.—Tote boxes and storage racks have been carefully de- signed for maximum convenience 1G. 6.—Many ingenious automatic and semi-automatic assembling operations have been developed for the various types roller chain rollers. The rollers are fed from magazine wires into rotating fix- ture where they meet the side plates which are pushed into the same ro- tating fixture correct position receive the rollers. The operator serts unit consisting two bush- ings and one side plate into the roll- ers the fixture revolves, and punch the ram the press drives the other side plate the bush- ings making complete roller link unit. The machines the foreground Fig. are full automatic pin link assembling machines requiring prac- tically attention. Another ma- chine somewhat similar shown assembles the various com- pleted link units into the finished roller chain any desired length. 760—The Iron Age, November 17, 1932 z= Monorail System Effects Great Savings Warehouse REAT saving labor han- dling steel warehouse has been effected Super Steels, Cleveland, the installation system monorail tracks and two electric hoists, supplemented everal chain hoists which erve the entire warehouse floor. With the use the conveying equip- nent one man able all the handling steel filling orders that formerly required several men. The stock all special and alloy steels and the orders are small, often only for one two pieces cut length. The warehouse 130 ft. long and 100 ft. wide and divided into four bays each served monorail and chain hoist. The larger sections are stored floor bins located three bays wide enough stock 25-ft. lengths. Along the side wall fourth bay are 500 steel pigeon holes for holding the smaller sections lengths ft. Across the front the warehouse capacity for cutting rounds overhead transfer crane. Thi in. diameter. The warehouse man shown Fig. unloading steel ially has the aid one helper from the truck. This whose work mainly locks three points with sections stock ft. long. The othe m¢ orall ibout 6 ft. long. Ch | The conveying system was inst 1] connect through header track and and switches with the monorails that tend the length the bays. loaded electric hoist may run straight dowr Research Paper No. the the header track from which move the hydrochloric acid ing one the various adjoining bay filling order the bar how that method vield from stock shear the front results which compare favorably with the warehouse the section occu obtained the bromine and pied the transfer crane (shown acid residue method the Fig. 3), pieces are cut to the r quired three methods, the hydre chlori acid length and the remainder the method preferred chiefly the taken back the stock bin. grounds speed and stock cut cold saw having eration — 4 — ’ ¢ a § 7 — = The | J = — FIG. Iron Age, November 17, lly n- \ FIG. 4 | - ah FIG. Times OPERATION: Precision Boring practice The Age Editors PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT: Heald Borematics Cluster Gear with Bronze Bushing Production time—144 per hour per machine. Previous method—24 per hour per machine. 762—The Iron Age, November 17, 1932 the manufacturer cover the operation here shown. The tools are designed essentially give smooth finish and dimensional accuracy internal surface al- ready bored. The comparison production speed with one more other types machines pre- viously required produce the same accuracy and quality sur- face. Smooth finish boring “boriz- relatively slow operation, _yet increase production speed much 800 per cent has been attained some cases. The examples shown this tenth pre- sentation “Better Times” are taken from actual present-day operating practice and comparison with good practice immediately preceding the introduction the new method. Aluminum Parts time 265 pieces per hour per ma- chine. Previous method 100 pieces per hour per ma- chine. = Refrigerator Parts bushing bored and Production time—80 pieces per hour per machine. Previous method—10 pieces per hour per machine. od Bronze Gasoline Meter Body Production time—30 pieces per hour per machine. a . Previous method 4 pieces per hour per machine. We per hour per machine. Previous method—25 pieces per hour per machine. The Iron November 17, 1932—763 q . 4 &? 4 4 $ 4 > l s not ul mmon for a manufac By CRIS BERG 7 ture tO DUY new equipme! Wit Consulting Engineer Chicago expectation that output wil and cost lowered, and ther nted does not give the new earning power the inachine. Thi point accounts for the interesting ndition whereby apparent savings t ult On the other hand, cuttu nay not he right. or the } 3 I cnar¢g on a macnine nderstanding cutting speeds may istration this kind u I or wor and I y the manufacture of a spe- rear on WI otal yp co t, not ling material, had totaled $1.60 | pre ! n to oT ind | Val tnere Was a ay I t! tnat capaciti no' re neal raved. bu nd real rom a ca ron Ting te tn wa first per- ¥ vy { i> i ‘ | . re in time ' +} e. wit ie to produce on 1() pleces per T P ‘ + +} . reed machir lley efficient « it Was apparent that new equip- eration certainlv important and ment was needed and about $5,000 nossibly more than time for stub such design Savings Sometimes Double Fixed elf-indexing and with Oil- Charges Machine ear feed. The tion between the element saving teeth was not exceed 0.004 in. i TI ie Cll Ul still the problem attacked attempts produc- RODUCTION this special gear was increased pieces 125 pieces per day Work Right) 15-deg. backward slant from the radial gives these cutter teeth the right angle for shearing cutting action Age. 17, 1932 tion the new machine resulted too wide variation, with the aston ishing outcome that output was low the old machine and the face things seemed that money had wasted new equipment. Shop men contended that the sprung under heavy cuts and feeds therefore the fault was incurable, cause rested the inability part itself stand under high production methods. Further, they hesitated the limit this chine, fearing would not stand under the strain. little study and gaging disclo that there was practically diffe ence between the measurements top and the bottom tooth, but there was considerable difference tween the first and last tooth cut. This indicated that spring the part not the trouble, but rather that part was turning the holding Parts were mounted chuck arbor, which was drawn tight nut the back side the index head. was noticed that part was slightly oversize and fitted snug- the face-plate recess there was far less variation than when the part was true size undersize. There- fore inaccuracy varied widely, being times more than 0.004 in. The cut ter speed was 110 ft. per min. and feed in. per min. heavy strean cutting fluid was used. ered until production reached that — = | ¥\y \ \ | } j | , \ A \ ~ ot Ratation as} The first corrective step was the cutting angle the cutter teeth give slicing shearing, rather than pushing, effect. The sult this move was smooth the corners the teeth. Then the bricating fluid was cut off. This re- lar ulted dry plate against which the part was held. This increased ction between the part and the plate vith the result that the part could held against turning while being cut Changes Increase Output Special Gears The final change was made the speeds the machine. The cutter speed was reduced ft. per min. and the feed was increased in. per min. Under these conditions the variation between the first and the last tooth did not exceed 0.016 in., which was not acceptable. Therefore was decided make second cut 0.020 in. the sides the teeth correct the The ma- chine, operating automatically, was made take the second cut re- moving 0.020 in. shim between the stop and the carriage. this method article was produced that could constantly held 0.001 in. varia- tion. Now what about production? had been increased 125 pieces 9-hr. day. The machine had actually heen put work. Rough Edges Gear Teeth Corrected order increase the feed the proper amount this job the thick- ness chip cut each tooth the hollow mill would such that quite piece the metal would break out the end each chip and leave rough edge and Fig. Asa rough edge along the teeth the gear could not be tolerated, it was neces- sary find some means overcom- ing this difficulty before step-up production could attempted. would have been quite useless have high production quality not fit for ise, and single piece this sort was turned out would istomary shop comment, next step fix the cutter would received with some disbelief nuch this matter had at- tended to, was easier fix the utter before starting than lat loes little good delay thing this kind only verify things are well known beforehand. can seen the diagram, the contour both sides the gear tooth made cut the inside edge the cutter tooth. ~ & new equipment with increased production capacity here shown pay even times reduced operations. the case cited, new machine stepped production from 125 pieces per 9-hr. day and effected gross saving hour, which was double the actual shop cost. Even with the machine operating only one-third the time, the cost per piece will not exceed that the old practice. addition, when normal operation resumed the new equipment will accumulate surplus earnings that will offset whole part the fixed charges accruing periods idleness } I eT it it } irta a ‘ ter That dull time { i ne car oper only about one-third n ed by t A edge wher I t time nd not have the cost per tour of the next t I s cut l r hove that of the 1 pra Gross Saving $3.41 Per Hour These possibilities lie not alone Realized buying new equipment, but getting get this condition the face the full benefits from the machinery the cutter teeth was ground with ight this done there result backward slant from radial storing earnings that iron out This brings the point the tooth the irregularities low production through the work ahead period ill enough solid 1 eit on tne > Slade Ol ne lip, Machines more shearing action, and end the chip does not break out often happen aving entire width of the cutter tooth A t the above can be made on old ma only piece the edge being chines. old gear hobber was pro- of 25 per piece B ral ny ma- ing power this machine: With to get 120 piece a day ata hop cost labor rate 60c. per hr. and charges per hr., the otal per piece The saving per hour was $1.60 per hr. Mat $1.66, against shop cost, not included in thi ire \ t ate OI 4 piece In nr. ere vere nr. The hop men, bound by habit, tne snop cost er 1ece pieces per 9-hr day ther chip made the hobbing cut 13.9 pieces hour ter with chip made lathe tool per aving There heen here the ork Va minu L1 toe r 24 W itl in’ lear ¢ reakll icnine 13.9 piece I ng rod I f it itpu nere ‘ 7 the tas pe! tr i rat nat avir Wiad i! ] l Ol peak pr! ict ] Pp the ual shop put them into effect a i anead Une al a Increased Capacity Fully Warranted stands reason that higher output, but because production chine produce j nlv ne rd tne Ww ar©r fixed charge are nere time the shop unal- ngly Also ise all tered. However, increasing prices are down and the capacity the machine and thereby istence manufacturer depends ncreasing its earning capacity ther producing profit The November 17, 1932 765 a > o 4 q ¢ yn Oo! q Ol q ey ‘ ul { his ‘a { 1 on rt 3 as i nc it he in 4 | Internal Attachment for The internal attachment adapts amplifying gage, for insi ranging from 7 he Iron Vorember 17. ter ring snap gage built from gage blocks. Independent justment for ded underneatn t Both the Optimeter and the internal United States the George Scherr Co. Lafavette Street, New York. Valve Prevent Waste Compressed Air ‘ houses, the Murdock Mfg. r = left partly open nor can jam med its seat { ind the design ich that cannot left partly open, because the tar the cam turned past and ] . closed, pressure. The spring case the valve installed n a horizontal or diagonal posit on. valve cannot forced jammed seat because the instant the cam disengaged. The vertical action emphasized elimi- nating friction the seat. Regrind ing not required. Tested under 100 said have been still tight after ing opened and closed 30,000 time the rate ol 10 full operations minute. The valve disk easily renewed stuffing box can without remov- ing tl ine or shut- ting off haft hard ting handle steel; other parts are red Sizes range from in. valve not recommended for water because its quick closing and possible shock the pipe zero po ition j pro I measuring anvil New Ball-Bearing Pedestal LUP series unit pedestals pillow blocks recently brought Norma-Hoffmann Bearing Corpn., Stamford, Conn., meet all average industrial ments, and made sizes tandard shafting nominal inch well diameters, fron 15/16 in. The ball bearing with adapter sleeve. The pedestal have large lubricant capacity, with the fittings for replenishing Protecting felt seals prevent escape lubricant along the shaft. pedestals may had with the ing either floating fixed Redesigns Line Automatic Dial Scales Kron Co., Bridgeport, Conn., has ( redesign its line automatic dial scales, which cludes portable and dormant plat form, bench, hanging hopper, crane and other types The indicating mechanism has been implified. The number of bearing’s has been reduced eight, six which are ball bearings especially de- gned for scale mechanism applica- tion. The advantage obtained said that all bearings the scale mechanism are supported every rection. The sector and pinion ation possible the mesh the which makes for continued device for absorbing vi- bration which might transmitted the seale pointer feature that makes for easier and more accurate readings. The entire dial head completely sealed prevent entrance dust and moisture. arranged swivel 360 deg. that may turned and read conveniently from any direction. Platform designs have been simplified some cases with the elimination intermediate levers. certain types overhead lever systems have been improved. accuracy. = | ment, the tandard vert j mea il n it nverted reac int i! ( mparat or Wit att: hay ( ! Mea a rovia me tape) for , nuin atl ‘ ludingo +} y n riy asuring neratior | wel AW i} asurin , nd t fey it otne n i l? +} ym? icat nj rformed opt creen. ] tiy Wineing t | | 4 4 ie i; e | | 7 == ‘ £ > \ = necessar' and the gland « 4, / ‘ optical bores | Herringbone Run-Out Table for Sheet Mills producing sheet steel but the “combination system, vith speed volving the use continuous the nted handling apparatus, the Mathews Con The veyer Co., Ellwood City, Pa., con- roller chain passit junction with the Wean Engineering welded Co., Inc., Warren, Ohio, has developed chain held herringbone run-out conveyor for the and the handling hot sheets between oil bath. pack furnaces and feeder table cated immediately front the roll tube ing mill the tube. hot sheets packs leaving the ither individual furnace are carried forward direct) f of line with the furnace chains the central drive long rollers directly across the fur- When the furna nace doors. The purpose these roll- the tables are buil ers remove the sheets far enough tion plit through that when the sheets come con- ‘litate handlin tact with the rolls set angle, the furnace chains. The first rollers and their bearings are water the Tata Iron cooled. Disks are used the first roller get close the furnace chain possible and assure proper receive the sheet. Due the ex- cessive length, the rollers are sup- ported the center set auxil- iary rollers. The rollers the main Fittings herringbone are set angle de- fittings cov pendent upon the width the applications from and the distance between the furnace plane strand the and the conveyor feeding the mill. type cable are now each side the rollers pass through the Fiege Co.. Gre scalloped guards that the sheets These cable and wire they emerge from the furnace will forged S.A.E. 1020 forced travel within the limit set these guards. Actually, however, the guards are rarely touched the traveling sheet because sheet tends carried away from the guard, due the angle which the rollers are set. the sheet has its major axis retained par- allel the centerline the P the Same time tach factor, because dation nust retained, tables Since time the heat the sheet the surface speed of these considerably greater than the speed ace. the unit t the chains the furn: nere } speed illustrated PECIAL not needed the cables plating prevents oxi ools are fittings Cadmium eel steel the al Expands Line Cable 4 } \T ‘ ‘ I Ve na i! ved ul tapped wit plug and ired Monarch Lathes Now Oiled Automatically \ A ] ( ne () i i ] ror ¢ alr I I i q re l ana { tine tne i the } iwhee!] Int T apron 1s hilied automatically, and rougn tubes all apror earings. The large apron gea the reservoir and carry ire gear general Lubrication of the he t | i al alr piasn em i equire a t n : ] Bav W nd aring The ing -- 7 — 17, 1932—767 The Iron | 4 i 4 y | = I vital is 250 ft | The raulic top the press and sup | Ing, re p | to the cylinder by a driven pump, also mounted . n | ) t will ¢ tation-ty conditions. pindle drilling machine arranged with ther three, six eS n Ca} i 41 with horizontal in el ran witn a 1 1: particular machine JUIp} | W red ton Alemite fittings for lubrication mately hour. bottom platen forn the base of . . . Indexing the table from pre operating medium oil, which matic mechanical indexing mechan- contained large welded steel ism, and the entire machine in- 7 q 4 4 The hydraulic press above actuated individual pump equipment. Pressure and stroke are adjustable and control centralized simple pendant switch The machine right performs 132 different drilling and countersinking operations cast iron cylinder block Iron Age, November 17, 1932 type hydraulic-feed stations and illustrated has six stations, four working and two load- ing, and equipped with four vertical and four horizontal drilling heads. performs 132 different countersinking operations the bot- tom and manifold side cast cylinder block rate approxi- valves, all movements being pendant switch with push button for “start,” “stop” and “reverse.” pendant switch can swung vari ous positions about the press sui the convenience the operator. Thi electrical control also operator “inch” the moving plate: when setting dies. limit switch vents over-travel the automatic timing device that give dwell any desired length the end the stroke can furnished terlocked that the indexing mechanisn will not function unless all heads, bot} vertical and horizontal, are correct positions. The Natco Uni-Power system hydraulic feed employed semi-automatic opera- tion. The machine completely con- trolled from one push button station. All heads are quick change type, and all spindles are roller bearing mounted and arranged with nose ad- justment, The weight the machine illustrated approximately 62,000 Ajax Electrothermic Corpn., Tren- ton, J., has licensed the West- inghouse Electric Mfg. Co. make high frequency coreless induction furnaces heaters for certain appli- cations the field heating. The Ajax corporation has turn received license from the Westinghouse com- pany use certain patents the latter company. Self-Contained Hydraulic Forming Press » a with the 7 4 4 ¢ Putting the Question Mark Work Idle Wire Ropes starting some our rope drives which have been idle for some time, how are know that they are safe? down machinery pay more at- ntion the wire ropes which may the machinery than any other art the equipment. case solid teel parts are attacked rust rrosion during inactivity, seen and corrected, but with wire rope which prac- all parts constitute bearing irfaces subject corrosion. these urfaces are unprotected, each idle means much rope life gone. best protection thorough and orrect lubrication. Our advice educe the time between inspections ind continue periodical lubrication just the rope were regular Morgan, Chief Engineer, Wire Rope Department, John Roeb- ling’s Sons Co., Trenton, Drying Thin Sheets Can you suggest the best method for drying 30-gage sheets after pick- ling? have had difficulty with water stains discoloration, which affects subsequent tin plating. England. have found extremely diffi- cult completely eliminate water stain drying sheets. begin with, water, hot cold, has impurities un- and few plants can afford such added expense. With fairly pure water, satisfactory results can often secured through thorough rinsing, using lots water and sev- eral immersions. soon water becomes slightly contaminated, apt cause discoloration. Despatch Oven Co., Chicago. Painting Galvanized Sheets have had trouble painting new galvanized sheets. Can you refer factorily? are using new type paint which find highly successful painting and adhering new gal- vanized sheets. not manu- facture this paint, but use reg- ularly connection with coating new galvanized steel ventilators and sim- ilar products. Am