The Iron Age 1932-10-27: Vol 130 Iss 17

ESTABLISHED 1855 Gu: : : — ..THE IRON AGE... NEW YORK, OCTOBER 27, 1932 Tariff ls Key to Steel Industry's Future N attempting to evaluate the pr ent status of the Americar industry and to forecast its fu ture trend, reference could be made t« the meteoric growth of that industry and the rapid diversification of its product. ' the depression, we have come to won gut, having been jolted der whether past development is ar criterion of the future, Trend lin may be prepared that are alarr g or reassuring depending on the met} employed. At best, any forecast the future is a guess. purely on statistical factors undou edly has some value, but it has the disadvantage of ignoring fundamenta changes in world economic an ‘onditions There is disagreement as character of these changes. And no doubt true that their full sign cance will not become clear unt passage of time gives us a better pe nective However, decision ur walt licies must be eterml! I that w yrofoundly affect ou Upon our present foresight i of foresight will depend the fortun: or misfortune of coming generatior The Free Trade Argument We are at the fork of the road Which way shall we go? A powerfu group of internationalists urges us go in the direction of free trad: Wi } | have loaned huge sums to Europ are reminded, and the only way tha we can expect to get lr prin back, or even the interest, is by low ering the barriers to foreign good Moreover, a tariff reduction would ps mit a larger exchange of product n international trade and the con tion of all goods would thereby be I creased. Free trade, it is contends keeps the cost of production at tl lowest point and gives all the indu tries which best lit a country : best chance of success. Furthermore tariff reductions w A guess based By G. L. LACHER Managing Editor, The Iron A a An Mr ROTECTION has built up American domestic business and has raised the real wages of our workingmen. High mass purchasing power, in turn, has made volume production possi- ble. A large domestic industry has stimulated imports, of which two-thirds enter the United States duty-free. A low tariff, by driving down wages, would de stroy our domestic market and hence reduce, rather than in crease, our ability to import for- eign goods. Tariff reduction at this time would be particu larly disastrous to the steel in- dustry, declared the author in an address before the National Association of Sheet Meta! Distributors at Atlantic City, Oct. 18. a se = renasing vel n umers and wer th f dome roducet iking for } ‘ mpet "Y y offact . ' he world marke rt easoning ur ; sible. But [ a! ye accepted without re r example, how importing European } { off et debt \ tld tim ate exports to Europe. If goods ar inged for debts, they cannot also KCI inged r go d We inno Ir ike and eat it to e trade irgument ai g i er factor Le is a me nereased proceeds from sale r r ere r ; ur rh roba i I wouldn’t i ther H we , 1 iY é 11d rar ited I n ed hases o Amer in ¢ ind no n ex pande expend re tor arma ent Certain ul \ I n th onne I I ea i 4 An a gi t Eu ean e, because of su \ I n, did I raist i y iT ar d, x ] ‘ ne ‘ aa n American indu ‘ Real Wages Would Be Forced Down I well known that wage and [ mean re i] wag ar nuch er in Europe than in the United 4 report of the Internationa r Office p27 ' i nat } ising powe! one wages in Ur ed = ites wa si) er ent er than in Great B iin, nearly ‘ aS mu n German i I I r time n Au i rea ig ui were not € table effe \ lid Dé American wage iown ft same level. It will be argued, , that greater managerial ind superior equipment would A mi hed ‘ or} During the t manr\ Moreover, the wages of thos B t A rical anufacturers wer American workers who remained in é ’ } ‘ gre \ lid tnel iob were sustained bv tne evel f npet n wl resent alternative f ning t ’ ne \ n { vestward march. ! ld | ( ) permanent , When the last of ow rontiel had l t ne ‘i I ‘ en iquered and all remaining tre y \ ) ‘ ’ na ‘ . : 4 7 ! t been taken up, the expan I : f ad the opening up of mine nad M id r of mil and tactorie } e] : { 1. a \ roe urp s labor When nally y , ; ’ ‘ . \ atura ) { eemed t nave : , ! ( hed, an a Vas passed it y r 1Qv est? t} flow mmigration nie ( r \ t Ca t} Whicl nad a I isly caused b the rapid eve el of a new country and tne l Congress in dividing the publi iT ng ettie) wa ow oO! a I 1 \ ) atuto ena ! ! iw marked nd of on cr nal ( en IT ne | 1new one ad er or" ed t ( th van adil expal ne ter ) ind ( t lia n ! \ oa ] elf i ondit ? y ne r Line ( ictol ( l , ( nte n. In our expat n stag ’ . (me an manu 1! nad been mo he ame principles that er? European produce) . , hen a ipply the needs ’ ! nd mot ‘ le The did n \ , } ) é ‘ \ I yu n : AULT ethe tne purchasing power! of I> 1) , . ‘ eople wa l ng o1 falling. I I , ] ( neon ! é communities, . Nn} 7 ; nt 1 r"¢ ISI Yothing could T q’*t y y rn] ) ( nple a ’ ¢ nomi Lp" and tl one ‘ ; | eC ! t re na one ( LWO Hence. it car the development of a rm ’ Or y 1GG I acres ire I ihe i read ina l naer cult tior al ncrease in ld in yportion to the Y ’ I ( Cale Cal expec c¢ Bu Why Real Wages Are High in the en 1 ( cres Cal e put und United States the plow, the problem of roductio1 Ww aspect Yield the ul \ 1 : nere ed onl better m« nd 4 an { i : S - What neadjust me t W uid be Ru neu WM) 642 The Iron Age. October 27, 1932 We Learned oO ; i aug! W VMear é ) \\ in the 20's f () ; nter Va expt rodu yn ty inarea Wwape i ( ¢ i eT i I } rile ‘ ‘\ N AY WW Army Finds Molybdenum atistactory Substitute for Tungsten in lool Steels ‘ussion, was published in THE IR disc AGE, Oct. 13, pages 577 and 578. C : “ ments by Dr. Michael G. Yatsevitcl Poe ; Mr. |} ' the Watertown Arsenal, Watert \ . irsens " . ro ae fol wre ° I Variou t I e : P aati Mass., were as follow Different Heat Treatment i Cause for Substitution im i i i VM , ’ ‘ Ss e tl World Was ' , +¥ ¢ ner [ I st \ n i e¢ in { 1 i y r l l ci I . < n ry r a t t : I t Ll ( l iT en yn [ ly i pr l¢ a Y | . { il The « lal I I i ffi i Ve! a i 1 \W i I | vn \y nal T T i I 1 ,U I I I RO } : {F; ett. Che T gat I ( nple le l i I ‘ pract ir} S vO? ( ] id i i il i : ' y denu . | i I i ns ) y A . more ! ! ¢ ! Service Performance Favorable ; , Ty VKI Ml Analvsis of the Steel Used The Iron Age, October 27, 1932—643 Rapid Evolution of Bar Mills pitied by McDonald Plant By T. H. GERKEN Pittsburgh Editor, The Iron Age EVELOPMENT « hat McDonald located about seven I a ul most ym plete miles northeast of Youngstown and is nnected by a company railroad with eel bar, strip and hooy the Carnegie company’s Ohio Works ! ipplie billets, blooms and St ( at McDonal slab to the McDonald mills. The ‘ With tl ant te va chosen after a com ate last year of a 10-i1 plete study of industrial conditions in nuous } for the 1 ng of the Valleys district and a model ir rounds, istrial town was erected near the flat reinforcing n te y the company. The first ar ng teel, et ele n unit nit were constructed with ample \ pl ! nd ‘or additional parallel mills up ! in? Beginning with the ! ne western end of Product ! I e fi the ant, the eleven completed unit l It ul I ir! red I he following order i | n the ‘companying 1 1 12-in. continuous hoop mill, rolling in be 1 ( n pra arge | of hoops, strip steel and dentical 8-in. hoor mill Oo } 4 \ / Jf i L , A »/ xy x x" 4 +" 7 A . Ax aN — \ ¥ - e— > \ < \ * NS x A . \ e . \ “+ \ rf ~ z 7 ¥ “ \ S \ & " - “ \ ¥ “ >- > — - . — ~_ ® oa _ — — GENERAL PLAN OF THE McDONALD BAR MILLS 644—The Iron Age, October 27. 1932 producing hoops and bands in cut lengths and coils; a 10-in. mill rolling mall shapes; a 10-in. hoop mill simi- lar to the 8-in. units; a 12-in. continu- ous strip mill; an 18-in. band mill; a 14-in. bar mill, rolling small shapes and sections; a 10-in. Slick-type bar ill, producing rounds, squares, flats, ml ithi hexagons and small shapes; a smaller 8-in. semi-continuous bar mill, and the most recently completed 10-in. con- nuous bar mill. The roll and machine shops are placed between the last named units at the approximate center of the mill ite, while the power sub-station is located between the 18-in. band mill and the 14-in. bar mill, or close to the center of the present installation. The hoop factory and the 12-in. continuous hoop mill were finished only a short time before the recent 10-in. mill and completed the westward extension of the plant. Possible additional units will probably be located adjacent to the latter mill, where adequate space available. [ransportation of billets, blooms and slabs into the plant and of fin- ished products out of it, as well as the handling of material in process, is carried on under almost ideal con- ditions. The Youngstown & Northern McDonald Mills with Ohio Works, runs along the entire north side of the plant with purs feeding the billet storage yards, which also extend along the entire ide, directly behind the continuous heating furnaces which supply the in- dividual mills. Along the south side of the plant at the end of the run-out tables and conveyors are three parallel varehouses, running at right angles to Railroad, connecting the themselves. Here the fin- hed material is sorted, inspected and ared for shipment. The ware- are served by railroad spurs ng with another branch of Youngstown & Northern, extend the south side of the plant. Movement of material and supplies than steel through the mills is a subway which extends length of the plant ght angles to the mills and serves ch unit by means of shafts located onvenient intervals. This main tunnel is connected with an auxiliary ubway at right angles to it, which ne entire a te th ERTICAL rolls on two stands in a 10-in. continuous mill, which delivers 1000-Ib. coils, and. a cooling bed with an unusual kick-off operation for straight bars, are features of the latest of the McDonald mills of the Car- negie Steel Co. The eleven units now built comprise parallel mills, all terminating in common ware- houses extending crosswise of the works. They are the development of 16 years and typify the rapid evolution of bar mill practice. The plant stands as the most complete in existence for the production of steel bars, strip and hoops. out of the plant past the phy al testing laboratory, the oil hous: and the store room, emerging near the plant offices at the southeast corne1 The tunnel system is an important factor for promoting plant safety a well as a great convenience in moving rolls and other accessories by mean of electric storage battery trucks without crossing over the mills them selves. The individual mills as wel as the warehouses and billet storag: yards are served by electric overhead cranes of varying capacities. Examination of the McDonald Mills as a whole offers an interesting study of the changes and improvements in bar mill practice during the last 15 Although the oldest units ar still modern when judged by the years. tandards of the industry as a V le ! ntinuous hoop mill, althoug! refinement which have er r ne inusual conveyor system for orporated in the more recent 12-1n ng of the completed coils out of the ontinuous hoop mill and the 10-11 mill worthy of comment. The unit u ll have given these AI ipa f rolling flat hoop stock advantages over their pred I ™& in. wide down to 0.025 in. in speed and capacity. Cust r re thickne and has a maximum speed juirements have grown more exacting f 2800 ft. per min. It consists of 14 and the industry has met the cha tands and is driven by 250-volt, di- lenge by more rigid control of product ect-current motors, Ward-Leonard and more careful inspectior + ma ontrolled, with series exciters to hold an : bisa erial. the peed regulation within bounds. High speed and great versatility [wo vertical edgers are speed-matched are the outstanding feature f the t thelr a es es TUES be Pee Be ’ oor wae) Wee tea ree, oe 2. om okt wae ma) | yy oe e PEO GeeenceneetBOO « . Fa man” ce se Cit ewe Ne | aay a eee Ln rave ort Oe Oe 7) Weta e ss ih we "EF. Peete ow 3 4 we. a eee ee a iP - oo Dee a er tere Lle.é oteeete.e® The versatility of the modern bar mill is well indicated in this picture of a display case of some of the shapes of bar mill size which can be rolled at the McDonald mill of the Carnegie Steel Co adjacent stands by Reeve HE coiling arrange ments of the 10-in mill are shown in the foreground with the entrance to the cooling bed at the extreme right Direction of the bars from the shear to the various coilers and the run out bed is handled from the pulpit in the left foreground while control of the rolling operations is manipulated from the pulpit directly behind it The Iron Age, October 27, 1932 —645 j aaa y nT) ee ed HERE are 12 stands of rolls in the 10-in mill including the two vertically driven. The pipes leading to the coil ers are shown at the right and the pin con veyors which transter the coils from the coil ers to the hook con veyors are visible in the foreground vvyv | engt rar ! 0-volt direct-current units, Ward- y 4-11 B14 ~i) juare. rom. the eonard controlled, with speed regu- ets pa throug lated by Reeves drive and carbon pile f ! ce direct nto the fir regulators. All main drive motors yf re irrans follow the speed of a master motor- ikdow? enerating set, which is driven by rolls, erat idjustable-speed direct-current 1 i iximu Booster exciters are con- | Phe t four a ; nected into the field of the main drive ally . i I ntreduction f vertical motors ul Paste Feel ' peed Col driv ertical rolls on stands No. 9 : U : tC tnt al No. Ll Va occasioned by the need i : V nating difficulties in the ng of the bar between passes at , hig ee On mills rolling small ana ntal 10 n The usua ectior and taking light vertical ' : . i possible to drive rtical rei rough bevel geat it the de a oto? Phe all ee ign of bevel gears of the necessarily he horizonta inds aré high pitch line velocity and for the () ncenror i I I irri et i ! ! I ~~ irn = a ' ; ye e t ‘ 46 : ! north end ol Cooling bed of 10-in. mill with hook conveyor at left. The last stand of vertically driven } furnace hi rolls can be seen in the center background io 646 The Iron Age. October 27, 1932 HE two vertically driven vertical stands f rolls in the 10-in. mill contrast with the last two horizontal tands because of their massive construction. Ready access to the driving motors is gained from the upper and lower inspection platforms Cropping shear shown at extreme left. ivy torques required becon nore t} ist sta f ficult as higher delivery speeds and through a fl ¢ she: tain a int of cooling fore tl ir : ivier reduction ay illed for re ! ‘ ! ! i ( I oO! tnes¢ tands ine 1 I i i r I \ I T ind I $ il 800 hp., with the one on No. 9 stand tie f the ir after it n the automatic operatio1 yperating at 185 to 475 r.p.m. and | act | hed f1 { k-off motlor ta i + nat on stan 2. m. They are of the direct-current ntr riding 1 clear of ne. the arger welt ne about 60.000 } \ oint ¢ t ind the smallé 10,000 I r ind re ult and installed | W ation of a ca house Electric & M ( r remail , Che motors are 1 orted on a per ! er structure which also suy ‘ rator he rolls and the nion housing J i I he ructure arranged to p1 \ ff rea d unobstructed aces ! } é . trom tne de and rol l oe | tute i I thstand static and _ toraue ( ' : CLs ; ee ’ a ny hed \ eal fa ymmensurate with the set e wit ile eee! Aiy en, reuit \ specia it appreciable deflect ~ ee ! Poteet e? ( ! de ear : ! sé f irre! allu y made on the structure to adjust th } ; / fF operat ition of the r in a ho yntal : ; at tion wher ind vertical direction, to match th et ee a ( tee] Whe te \ ‘ ( ye adijace nt hor zontal roll Tl hor : : ° rrair sed rat ntal adjustment is effected by mo th e! ne teria proces ‘ itlined ng the whole structure with moto transierred to a } conveyor, 1} , $14 wy ‘ { ee ale iT inion and rolls on tracks, on to whic} i ranstel a j i ' \ ‘ ‘ £ ve ] rranger is lifted by hydraulic ja Ur I O1 ne Move n position, another set of hyd col r e st es acks holds the supporting structure hed without rt » é ] . y ’ | , rie ( al i rmiy to the foundation. ! eed ¢ La heer arse .y i I La! ‘ r I c ‘ The vertical adjustment of th pee eat “a » each bar de} ty ' l] is made I b] | tr - oo a E ls is mad vossible by eu ‘ } I } ‘ bk al Ww [ ] eeve coupling with interna yea : . e 4 £45, - im ; f and the | tha } ’ era nm ¢ ne I {£ a i teeth, which is contained in the | i f } t tne t Live po t red A r OL Dal . I Lhe vy part f +} y + | f 4 I I I a y I i 1 1IOW part ol ne motor sna RB . ‘ rie h ntre i ) } ea 4 irrangement pe! T mov\ nYg | nior . » and rolls oniy, while tne n I ( . . i “ l ne i nains stationary The weight of inions and roll counterbalanced : a ke : ; y +} + i t liy } y LY y by a balance weight Inspection plat- ’ F : PELCEE ENG forms are built around the motors, en ju ibling the operator to inspect tne Ar ] ] i reat I ft ; tnat number na been i motor in all its parts without great the ff erat ting bar automatically deposits tl nconvenience. ng an automatic pause at bed The Iron Age, October 27, 1932—647 r »f 64 A\ppearance as a Sales Factor in Design a te te RT, finish and form are be- coming increasingly impor- tant as sales factors in design, particularly of consumer prod- ucts. In this article, the author tells us why and also relates how progressive manufacturers are taking advantage of the sales ap peal of product appearance. This is the third and final ar- ticle by Mr. Brady on the subjec: of the relation of sales policy to design. These are a part of the extending series covering Mod ern Merchandising in the Metal- Working Industry now appear ing in THE IRON AGE. I vere crude MOKIT ] ‘ ele W eay ’ ne l ( K¢ eta 1ma ! I ( rne} 4 nar Y t} ' Y rie ning tnat \ \ y ’ ‘ } ? ? Tt} t. Finish and Form Requirements ittractive Now, LT ! ( i nt I i! ( a il I t 1? t ’ | t} I t ( f inufa ire ‘ Yr 1) a ne ’ } ’ . hea 7 eT t r t re UY Karly Attempts at Ornamentation i ne ! \ nachine l \ | ind new é y i? he hut ( ! ! rved furniture l WOO al he ter? ] l iLne ind plar na Ca Y \ n curve iT rname! ( ? ? I ( ot tOvVe I ng uprig f plane? & The Iron Age. October 27, 1932 vel haped ind carved like the end f church pews. During the fifties there was much ridicule of this favor the arches and columns of archi tecture, and the machines built abou he me of the Civil War were e) tremely severe in architectural lint Art in machinery was not again r¢ ived until a few years ago, and lit now tendi! to “functional line ind curve { contorm as nearly a ble wit he intended use ol . A te the proper application o 1 product is that 1 hould no eo be added a an atter lhe design as applied by the irtist must be “conventional,” that is, na commercial article the art treat- ent must expre the use and pur- employing only rt called for by the occasion. avoid the mistake of going too far this application of art, the artist ist be imbued with the spirit of the roduc and of its market. While e of the product he mechanical designers are likely be too conservative, close coopera yn with them gives the artist th wpoint which will temper his work \ppearance Must Fit Environment “1 —e : >» It will be found that the successfu ' always spend some e in the shop and with the sale t ecutives before tackling the design. George Switzer, product ‘artist who is visualized and mapped out gen ral design form for some of the most rtant compante n the country aking a diversity of products d vacuum cleaner iutomobiles, electric appliances, and fice furniture, lays emphasis on the nt that preliminary studies from very angle are first necessary before nything is done with the form-chang ng of the product. A machine mad tremely beautiful from a pure ar tandpoint might be totally unfitte: ich art to the surroundings into hich it is to be set, or be unfitted to the temperament of the workmen who sé t. The old artists never to study the man So oo : icture and the held of usage ot the ichines, but the new generation of roduct artists, who have come for ard within the last five years, have have enough engineering back vund to visualize the article in its manufacturing shops i hands In tl) “ation seemec of col prod ic 1; mean vanta neces bette the in th 2. caste and qual aver: affoi 3 bror mn a and nesi tras text tint give thre to car shops and in its final setting in th the following January as hands of the customer. I e! roat Ss, g iny as 40 per cent of all cars ex Sait a ind undesira r uns bie neutr ted at the New York show were In the painting and exterior de 3 : } nf tray rs S e al ntion wa a i acquers. The typewriter com ration of products, manutacturers | ' | of t t ul gine g al ‘ colored lacquers seemed at first to have been airaid : ee ’ ' , . \ se nd shortly 80 pe: of color because it added to the sho} inc j iff , - rs, W n eve po! ies n large production difficulties. For many years La. : . 5 ’ ’ i je iCcK l il bright oOo! When practically every machine tool sold | ca , 1 Te was th an g icquers were applied was painted black, which only added 1 } f 1. 1, wit i i Ve iT £ i l re vhicl merlv to the gloomy appearance OI aiready : [ l VI I +> dull workshops. Workingmen wanted , . +x, aint } y ‘ he. l I re more brightly painted shops, but they Development of Lacquers Introduced were not able ret them. I recal were not abl to ge lem. Pi a number of years ago the aimo ; ‘ shouts of satisfaction that greeted the B ! mal theti installation in a shop of a Hendey ( al handled na lathe that was painted a_ pleasing I ‘ : a hlue. Regarding household machine le \ ~ D. R. Dohner, art director for the actua . Westinghouse company, made th ! he lr 24 es ¢ int , ‘ tatement to me that manufacture! Y é ‘ Coucluded on Advertisine Pase 22 will pay for itself by actually turning out 1 Use standard commercial parts, units and * mechanisms wherever possible even if it means reducing the production shops. Ad vantages: reduction of detailed supervision necessary, reduction of overhead, usually better units from the specialists, benefit of the specialists’ advertising, more flexibility in the manufacturing organization 9 Die cast or mold parts to reduce ma * chining. Buying these from specialist casters or molders keeps down supervisory and overhead costs, assures uniform high quality and specialists’ expert service. The wverage general manufacturing plant cannot afford to maintain research in each specialty. 3 Use of natural metal colors to enhance * the appearance of machines. Polished bronze or brass castings or forgings used with 2n artistic eye give distinctive touches to mill and special machines. Aluminum and mag nesium alloy parts give beautiful silvery con trasts on red and green machines, such as textile equipment. Aluminum and brass un finished screw-machine parts and fittings sive desirable color touches on machines 4 Chromium plate gives extra hard wear * ing surfaces cheaply where all-the-way through hardness is not necessary. Chromium to give hardnesses from 600 to 900 Brinell can now be plated up to 0.005 in. thickness n steel or non-ferrous metals without under- ats 5 Use drawn shapes in steel, brass and * aluminum for parts made in large quan tities to cut down machining costs. By slight hanges in design difficult machined shapes an frequently be made by the simple sawing ff of drawn bars. 6 Specification of nickel or chromium * alloy high-strength cast irons to obtain naller or neater castings with equal or ater strength 7 Steel forgings coined to size to save * expensive machining On the other 1and, steel castings, plain or alloy, can some times be substituted for forgings at a lower st 8 Weight saving with aluminum . nesium alloys. Extra mass per pound of these alloys reduces the part cost of the more expensive metal Specialist founds now produce guaranteed parts of exception ally high strength in special and patented alloys Recent uses of light-weight alloys are for reciprocating parts for high-speed ma chinery, and for overhanging parts such as the arms of radial drills; also for removable arbor supports and removable covers Welding wherever possible to save oper * ation costs as in building up units by welding together special steel sections wher the quantity is too small to cover pattern and casting costs 1 Design to make as many parts as po * sible on screw machines and presse where unit production costs are low. Deer drawn parts can often be most economically made in aluminum because of the high ex trusion possibilities, and difficult drawn parts can often be made cheaper in brass in spite of the extra cost of the metal compared with steel. Where the machining time long brass or aluminum at higher rates per pound will result in lower-cost parts on the screw machine 11 Photo-electric controls for machin * feeds, sorting devices. Units can now be purchased complete for many u 12 In selecting materials for corrosion * resistance hold in view the sf fi corrosive element, the cost, the relative work ability of the material. The choice of mate rials is now very wide and includes: Rustl steel KA2 steels, special alloy bronze aluminum alloys, silicon irons, molded gla molded resinoids 13 Eliminate noise by realizatior tha * noise comes from vibration and can lessened by the balance of parts and by ; ful machining or grinding of running or rut bing parts 14 Whenever feasible in a large plant * producing consumer products set uf a “pilot plant,” that is, a department which is a complete small-scale production unit. It product, but it has the advantage that new design ideas can be put into limited quan tities of products at once. These can then be put out for thorough trial and test before the regular plant equipment is changed 15 More detailed attention to finishes in * stead of merely specifying ‘paint The new iacquers for articles in colors where juick-drying is desired and the extra cost is not important; baking enamels where articles in color are to receive severe service; vitreous enamels for articles subject to abrasion or the action of hot solutions ‘mottled enamels were recently adopted to get away from spot rejections and thus reduce the cost of this type of finish paints for large articles or where cheapness is more important than quick drying 1 When calling for change in metal * especially one of the new alloys, bad results have sometimes been traced to the use of the old patterns which were not adapted to the peculiar foundry qualities of the new metal. Even alloying cast iron with nickel or other elements calls for a new design study of the parts 17 When substituting molded materials * for metal parts complete redesign should be made with consideration for the nature of the materials and the differences ippearance to test and use competing products to them an appreciation of possible faults in their own 18 Designers should be given opportunity * ive th 19 Designs that have to be “sold” by * vigorous “educational campaigns are ually lacking in technical merit or in out Simple, informative ad vertising, rather than high-sounding words uld be sufficient to sell any serious prod t that well designed ward sales appeal of improvement. The “best” product 29 is now out of date. The best prod- uct of today will be surpassed next season by 2 competitor's if it is not improved by its designers 90 There is no product that is not capable § 19? The Iron Age, October 27, 1932—649 ' a ee 2 ETT “Better Times — ITH time savings ranging from 22 to 44 per cent on individual jobs the radial drill has kept pace with the demand for more rapid production. In this, the seventh, pres entation of “Better Times’ are pictured drilling, tapping and turning operations on a variety of work. The examples are from cur rent installations and the time rate comparison is with good practice immediately precedin the introduction of the new method | e hol | j i i Ss co-pored Present time for lot of 30—89 hours. Previous time for lot of 30—129 hours. >1 per cent time sav- ing. 650—The Iron Age, October 27, 1932 Seventh in a series of “Performance Pages” as selected from actual practice by The Iron | Age Editors J Cast iron runner for hydraulic turbine, 14 holes drilled 114 in. diameter by 51% in. deep—Counterbored 314 in. diameter by 3/4 in. deep. Present time — 514 hours. Previous time — 7 >; hours. 32 per cent saving. "Pn ay @ ciate mincinmetiies OPERATIONS: Drilling, Turning, Tapping PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT: Cincinnati Bickford Drilling Machines BELOW Drilling assembled “quills Fe Present time — 5 hours. Previous time—/7 hours. 29 per cent saving. os rk oe 6000 Ib. cast steel frame containing 72 holes (%% in. to 1% in.) drilled complete in 41 hours. Present time—4'4 hours. Previous time—5*4 hours. 22 per cent saving. Pe 3 “ Priii: a ehh ek ail - — | PTT a eel } Turning the outside of a boss 1] in. in diameter and 2 in long. Present time—1!%4 hours. Previous time—2!'4 hours. 44 per cent saving. The Iron Age, October 27, 1932—65I Declares Extra on Commercial Forging Steel Is Discriminatory Head of Forging Institute Asks Steel Manufacturers to Reconsider Action—Urges Trust Law Revision ™“ rR N G criminatior Che eal cause of the depre sion in ‘ forging ! Vii Smith’ pinion wa not over duction, but the lack of a uniform ‘ } ! ! clentil distribution. How rve} r, it ble to secure ade : 1 ¢ e dist n when distribution I erT 1 l ruct € compe \ D | ! rging industry ( | t mpetit n re ‘ ‘ ould eliminated b edu Whil ' tr t laws may 1 dified in t next session o ik a Congress, permitting busin plan ning for equalization of production, imptior ind employment, any usiness planning for any indus | aid, must be handled by the ! ISSO elf o7 e ol ! ! gaged il irallel a W itt ¢ remedia leg 1 I \ I in¢ iutn I y Ol tr adit n uld be increased, al ! lat n W lid I r rnment reg T l nat ti rn sure < I he best interest ‘ ! vell as the publ : , I ve allowed cor i have I ilted . ! ! iv nd again be ve ‘ ndustrial liberty " a ria rou} r deciared ‘ e t e that it protect i ‘ rom witnl oO! ; \y e! I rol 5 inevl able He ‘ hat he rade association can rane. 2 hallenge and can conduct Tne wre ffa industry ir ich a I . onvinee tne Ameri yple that as an industry it ha Demands Uniform Quality Standards . t ruide its destini te f tl Overcapacity of the Industry y i ’ } ry? t 7 } ercapas of the drop forgé } ! t ndustry, a va hown in a report ; , ' nd ur Le b the Department of nda talitv for al , Commerce, was discussed and some of findings were read. This survey } 1) ( made at the request of the Drop eme} with a fu rging Institute. A review of the vhnat |} an expect to re ‘ report appeared in the Oct, 6 sue of er stabiliza THE IRON AGE. iT ging im Figure n this report showed that, even in the busy year of 1929 the illenge to trad drop forge industry had 60 per cent ib Mr. greater capacity than was needed, Of da ever bef 244 ympanies making reports about lies 6 pportut ( ent are ymmmercial, making ! eration and tha forgings only for sale and producing ( ecided 1 for greate1 4 per cent of the forgings; 21 per en of vision, courage and cent are semi-commercial, producing ens Ons f the outstanding forgings for sale and for use in their move t} rection. he said. wa wn finished products and making 43 ent appointme1 f ( R. I per cent of the output and 52 per cent Lamor president of the Americar are non-commercial, using all their [ron and Steel Institute forgings in other products, and pro- 652 The Iron Age. October 27, 1932 icing 21 per cent of the output. he survey covered 3084 hammers. It showed that 79 per cent of the tonnage of commercial forgings goes into automobiles, agricultural impk motors and engines. About two-thirds of the total are auto- mobile forgings. From 1928 to 1930 the number of hammers continued ti increase and investment in the indus ments, ”») try increased 22 per cent. Automobile companies should bi persuaded to scrap their forgings equipment, most of which is 10 yea old and buy their forgings from com- mercial forge shops, declared a 2 Herdegen, Dominion Forge & Stam} ing Co., in discussing means of solving the oyer-capacity problem, and he added that efforts are being mad in that direction. President Smith expressed the automobile manufac opinion that turers could be convinced that they can buy their forgings cheaper fro ommercial shops than they can mal them He also said that there are a | f small hammers in New En gland which the owners could afford crap and buy forgings outside Phe roblet excess capacity car ne solved y the sale of obsolete equipment, declared D. A. Currie, Erie Foundry Co., hammer manufac Steel Mills Inquiring for Electrical Equipment Electrical manufacturers are be- nning to receive contracts and in juiries from the steel industry for will be utilized to apparatus whicl replace some of the equipment which has become obsolete, according to G Kk. Stoltz, steel manager, Westing- house Electric & Mfg. Co “Projects of this nature naturally are not large in comparison to what we have been accustomed to in the recent boom period,” said Mr. Stoltz, “but they do represent a substantia improvement in conditions, and it i noticeable that in each instance thi nprovements are being made on a ound business basis and a favorable return on the investment will be ob tained even on present day limited operations. Sheet and tin mills have been operating at a better rate through- out the last year than other types of mills such as tube mills and structural mills, and there has been throughout the year a number of nstallations made of machinery which will reduce operating costs of producing sheet and tin plate. The installation of this equipment repre- ents a very good effort to place mills of this character on a profitable operating basis at a lower tonnags output than would otherwise be ob- tained.” Handling Tin Plate at Aliquippa UBSTANTIAL savings in time and money have been effected by the Jones & Laughlin Steel Corpn., in the handling of tin plate at its Aliquippa works. The methods employed are typified in the accompanying pictures and captions. ABOVE CCASIONALLY it is found necessary to transport and stack loose bundles of tin plate. In such cases the method employed is similar to that shown in this picture Piling strips are used here too to divide the piles int convenient units ABOVE O facilitate the handling and rehandling of bundles by means of the fork, piling strips 2 in. square are used to sep arate the bundles. The same method is used for car loading AT RIGHT ILTING-FORK electric trucks pick up the 10-package bun dles, three at a time, in the assorting room The load is approximately 6000 Ib. The bundles are then carried, by truck, directly to the box cars or to the warehouse The Iron Age, October 27, 1932—653 Completes Gigantic Milling Machine ry] TTT - ‘ 1 1.7 \\ MmitahiiliING ov n ana Capabdk nf talking vl mn tn 10 4+ wid > . i}/ } A A vy aka ( H ae the n ing ma { mpleted re S Defric A-G G I eved y r} , a ’ a { I I y ‘ ? | ny I it i? rely nae I eT acn ‘ \ large 1 n ! iY ) ‘ r} ( al ni rol hear i ? ) LT re I eT eat ef al } ning e ta y] peer ? Ve n ’ ! wit 1 Leonard cor y ) ne +} ible arate I na i table ea ind 11Ct Dtainal B I il ntrol p itton s el tor Cal ) ( r Ln macnltr I ne Or B Ving a ( e! I ng macnine co! nee} \ ‘ d m | ~ 1¢ peed trave ements +} nd he enti! ng Vstel!l evel ( na ng 654 The Iron Age. October 27, 1932 hine in all its operations. E genals mounted on a board show Ball Thrust Bearing Has Cast Bronze Retainer d foe: all thrust bearing recently io} yrought out by the Bantam Ball Bearing Co., South Bend, Ind., for itch throw-out. or clutch release, i Ca n IS€ 1 cast ronze a retainer in place of a pressed e| etainer, and al grease retaining erator to watch easily the ma- toois are momentarily In oper- band around the outside of the bear- ing. The latter extends down on one side past the center line of the balls, an arrangement intended to keep the grease within the bearing rather than being thrown out by centrifugal force. It is stated that with the bronze re- tainer and grease retaining band, it is possible to remove the oil tubes and grease fittings commonly used, and that the clutch release bearing may + ve considered in the same light as a clutch pilot bearing which seldom if ever receives lubrication after instal Puddled ron blunt rod erved for re than SY vear the U ted re lan . years on tne nited States frigate “Constitution and would have served longer had i not been for their proximity to cop per, according to the current issue f the Reading Puddi Ball, pub shed by the Reading Iron Co., Phila delphia. The Monitor, of Civil War fame, was sheathed with puddled ron plates, and the “Chickasaw,” part of Admiral Farragut’s fleet, now doing duty as a car ferry in New Orlear her original puddled on hu late till being in ex eT! condition { tated The annual regional meeting of th \merican Society for Testing Ma terials will be held on March 8 in New York. [The technical feature Process Coes practice in checking thi The s 1t OL piston pins 1s shown In the eel Knii igre na accompanying illustrations. The pis- itio of 1 to 10, ton is mounted in a modified Elastico- deflect ay meter spring testing machine and th eam sol gin. 7 accuracy of the fit checked by noting d is ca vhether the pressure required ) driving the pin into its bearing te pistons rangi! within predetermined limits. amet Thesi The machine used is similar to th ather nigh so a described in THE IRON AGE of Jar he pin < in. or m 10, 1929, which is marketed in the . on pin bearing United St 110 Machine SU by the €; Fortieth ates West oats LOo., street, eps York. The “weighing” process as em interpoise A, ployed by a large European piston weight that the manufacture) described by C. E arry; and on the Coats, treasurer of the Coats con W ht tl rlanc pany, as follows: cat too tight a Pressure required for a sliding and p, cou a driving fit is first determined in pr i ( ( the ' tests by adding or moving weights and at tl from the counterpoise of the machin automaticall; scale. Having thus definitely estab the beam drops bs lished the upper and lower lim (afte? : permissible pressure for the fit d erative) sired, tolerance weights are put or within tl eq the counterpolse, nown al . ona I n the contrary, the n the line sketch hen the ei¢ The stroke of the rack that act ae Ss ol 2 ates the platen of the machine is then a . . a 7 . set so that it will be equal to the p area in ™ ton diameter, this setting being mad POR, by means of the adjustable sto] nal resistance around the bushing of the hand-leve1 Since the working A friction cone perm adjusting the n its piston is in hand-lever to tne ne ition most Or pe! functioning venient for the operator aaa LASTICOMETER spring testing ma ‘ chine adapted for checking the fit Arrangement of the shown in right of piston pins counterpoises is view af Piston Pin Fits Checked by “Weighing” ae > ip ae ~ unde ieath iris [ cl 1} a | ! lat ecentiy announced Dy the weight of % oz. Precision Bench Lathe vork with “Underneath” Drive rnea ad ©Y n \ ipport t l pena Lathe Works. Hou Bend, ‘ ne I é é DY eit I? i re- E10) ‘ ne mounted unde! tne I neat! . LOCK, hit I r ne llustrat I The On t ; eature ) his arrange- a a. 4 > { ) y y al - 4 | d tolera j ( ) ] , wry ' \ Ut t ‘ Case ( i I ] ] ALY rn ! i ( arive ) y 7 } I ! ithe 1 geared, ] ny pe il ie ' ) and 11-11 ving It w ut , indara rew read I Yr . ' ’ é ind, from Z to YU per ! 1d ng er In. pl} read An ir i1ex i now i i pial t 1 - oe » 4 r ‘ , feos x n ‘ ‘ i¢ ng r ed . note ‘ LINADI€¢ ( eatu n le a drum-type eve , te} ¥ ited ; *k é t na | i I on ictel! Oo ind noe he ne Oxw r , Kiet nit f ‘ ‘ ' I I Air Pr ‘ ( vf I I if r rey \ x r ia é ‘ n nye Z I \ T é ! nir é i ] ng I ng ‘ é B ¥ ‘ neg r ‘ r) ———a ' nA ‘ I vial 4 T é t at } , y yf red du gy ‘ er é , ed 7 eT a ry iré Augu S! ent vere er r oy its n iter tr r n 5 r Lugu ige, October 27, 1932—655 The Iron : page Sk he pe 9 st OP Small Chaser Grinder Has Wide Range 656—The Iron Age, October 27, haser grinder recently intr the National Acme Co., mail, compact al 1 althoug ntended | grinding ap an cle pe used on ne wor may b placed eading mat o tha e€ T irre i some a ly ne t roon i n Oo! } ( a I é 1 | ry lT a I VW 1 « y ( ie ? off the floor ! ? iT lr ] i OS¢ i l a i I COI € I e( TI é lrate oun One e1 iY Vv} 1 i ? i el! art TO! ren a If de ( i ( ! I re a 7 J Knit ] I 4 n Gradua n iccura ! ' i a \ i Pulde ea I ur ( and ft i } evel ved bat I handwhee a } I ( ind ha | abdle ut I aa i tr nee 1932 are stocked in several the slide being gibbed to permit ad- justment. The knob for adjusting the distance of the table slide from the face of the column has a gradu- ated collar. The cross-slide has move- nent of 5% in. and the vertical slide, 6 in. All slides are protected from grit and dirt by cast-iron aprons. The bench type grinder with fixture elgt 46 |b. net “Slip-On” Re- Threading Die Sets . savings are claimed for the new Slip-On” re-threading dies Wit! ratchet Stocks offered by the Greenfield Tap & Die Corpn., Green field, Mass., for repairing damaged threads. These dies resemble an or- dinary round die that has been cut in ilf, the two pieces of which are held together by a flat spring on the side the di lo use the die, it is only ary to pull the two halves art, the die over the clean, un- bruised portion of the thread, drop the ratchet stock over the die, tighten the rews, and back off over the by and torn threads at the end. The dies are made in all size inclusive. They | convenient as- ortments, or may be had singly if de red. Set includes a rachet stock that } permits the dies to be used in close The spindle is double ended, the rear end being equipped either with a wire brush or a second grinding wheel Improved Truck for Gas Welding Equipment rf’ HE Linde Air Products Co., 30 East Forty-second Street, New York, has brought out a new cylinder truck designed to increase the ease of moving oxy-acetylene welding or cut- ting equipment from place to place and to assure firm support for the oxygen and acetylene cylinders, elim- inating any possibility of overturning them and breaking the regulators or pares The frame is made of 1%4-in. angle iron welded into a rigid unit, and a beveled steel plate welded to it forms the cylinder platform. The handles, made of 1%-in. pipe, are bolted to the platform and to the upper part of the frame as shown. They may be removed easily, so that the truck when partly dismantled may be shipped or stored in small space. The cylinders are held in position on the truck by means of chains which are adjustable to accommodate cylinders of different sizes. Cast iron wheels 12 in. in diameter, with 2-in. tires, facilitate handling the truck, especially when swinging it from the upright to the rolling posi- tion. The axle is bolted to the frame and may be dismantled conveniently for shipment or storage. This truck, designated as the No. 5, is 48 in. high by 30 in. wide, overall, and weighs 80 Ib. It is finished in a durable black enamel. “Physical Properties of Heat- Treated Cast Iron” is the title of Bul- letin No. 47 of the Michigan Engi- neering Experiment Station, East Lansing, Mich. The authors are F. G. Sefing and M. F. Surls. In en Structural Fabricators Discuss New Markets for Steel Institute Hears of Possibility in Steel-Frame Dwellings—Past Year Has Been Trying for the Industry r HE American Institute of Ste Construction eturne t tl place where it was organized Pittsburgh, to hold it tenth ar nvention on Oct. 20 and 21. The ! day’s ses n were aevoted u ne nternal problems of the grou, vhile on the concluding day the es and disci I fel inde! neral } iding I new ises ind ate Steel ( pn act ante Charl | W oor ce-pre I I harge yf ile wert este ene! at he final € I versit of Pittsburg! ind Car gie Institut Technolog ve} esent al tr ] rning ! T I aay Oct. 21 Oo neat he talk of Ik. T. Llewellyn, consulting engines United State Steel Corpr New was responsible for the attend ince 1 numbe1 Ur ompa fi i part wl proau A I pplic i Quota Plan Not Successful While the re was a note appointment I tne rec ( ndustry for the past year and ir t that stal ng effor embodied the quota plan, presented at the innual meeting at White Sulpl Springs, W Va a year ago an be abandoned ecause ol! I artial acceptance by the member there was also a mmon note that the individual members, rather thar the institute and what it sponsors vere responsible, There wa a tl ight, express I 1 is Way hat bad as things ha been within the naustry tney mig have been infinitely wors« f there deals to aim at, even if circumstan prevented their attainment. The ing of the members toward the it tute was illustrated in the unanimou adoption « a ! ylution emt é i the directors to substantially increa assessment. ing went on record a again favoring of and promising 1} . 2 \< ) ’ ‘x port to the Goss-Bingham bill, whic} + failed of passage at t of the Congress; this bill would mak mandatory on the part of he las the White Sulphur Plar nad been no formal organization and Must Compete with Lower ( Charges D> nt ( ) l l At ‘ r ' nna r l ce é } ‘ a al l ) T a ? } } ’ , ew } } r Neer uy} y } } y ‘ 7 Ww 1 5 é ' he a 1 eT iwemer ‘ } ‘ } ’ | ’ ’ l ‘ \ , , Ca ‘ } ’ \ ’ 0 ] p , ‘ t T fF ¢ r é vl é ree ¢ L1uSE () ] re r \ ' £ iLuteé ne } 1 rT ‘ no r ’ ) f } rit Mr : } } Oo ] 11iading { lotit alll I entvta ’ y re ] 1 } i a , } } \ li art { i? \ eT T ‘1 i He a | ‘ ‘ ar y 1 rr r i,’ A { ap pe I ul ne elimir I i pra ] ‘ e¢ rot ‘ lra nay r ¢ y a i } } ail vere sugge ‘ iT na api ‘ and in that wav wipe out the unfair Institute to Give Out Statistics ( Mact nach hairman of the tatist innounce l) rtment of nmere l nstitute ft ect and a U dat ik i l a M [ re « the ‘A ‘ Cor ‘ \ W ent, M Dy \ oy | } - ‘ De i | ' Wha \ In j tab } ‘ migt f I } TY é n ( noe I I I i I ‘ 1 D> ‘ ve Vil il I M ( le +} igt ’ ' a tT ‘ y hu T eT iffi i 1 ¢ rad ‘ ' that ‘ ‘ t 1¢ il r ‘ ne iT ri } ise Oj y y y ’ ip] f fT ‘¥ \ Vv l } ' ] é ] ind b Lu ‘ ! I i ! I a i I tec nwa ‘ I I I } eT ra r ean i y ne i a X r r me ea } ) ur? y | ‘ ' re ‘} ' Ase ing ’ ’ r ea rr ntee l ( f ir 7 “ UW vi VV < i ‘¥ ] f, ‘ y ‘ . MU UU ft ns ’ atl ) itthM) Tons ; it irtening i tnis ng wa é i fit ng i rat re wa < t r k tr | J efore had been through a period ner r re Wa t ‘ LL A ry r tr e g ( na ’ t n i r tne ist ‘ ea } : lv ' ’ ' ffi ‘ and é r 1? ives na 4 Lit ne ] yr ! f able to make a fit ever a ov pe er I capa pera r The fron Age. October 27, 1932—657 The lron Lwe Octoher 1932 lron and Steel Exports and Imports Gained in September hranklat rect r eng frameles heet steel residence recent titute, cove completed in a Cleveland suburb i Dv t United Stats ind one tnat 1 to be erected at the 4 Stand: the Belmont World’s Fair in Chicago. ; Pe r ¢ Oy e] ‘. oe ia Wor mf It was announced that Chicago had : aUI way en hosen for the next annua! r re ‘ 1 , om : meeting, which will be held in th D : ti i meg, third week of October, 1933. H. H. R tson Co., Pitt ; oo ; “a ai C, G. Conley, Mount Vernon Bridg I | | } I i a ; aes natiasia Co., Mount Vernon, Ohio, was elected ( rus Li's cit ( c Stes ( Pitt pre ient. Robert T. Brooks, Georg seni ( e-} \ ust Co., New York, was elected \ R . VI ( ; treasure! ()thneyr officers were re . ' Y ASHINGTON Oct 5 ng the United States the narrow bal vere ‘ ur 15s n eealires pe ie largest rolled it 0 itgoing OVod gre hipments was tin plate. Of the 5100 : ve r el tor xported, 2085 ton went to ’ ( na crap export were 5995 tor : OLS \ | 7 tons went to Japan and 1544 tons to Canada, Japan took 225 l Ca ton ) | ton of wire rods ex £ ( , ‘ ! yO tol 542 ton [he Netherlands furnished 6043 : a last yeal ns of the 7250 tons of pig iron im- MOCHN ed and 583 tons of the 1163 tons ald Ol ferromanganese imported. Belgium ied all of the 1181 tons of re- : reing ars and 961 tons of mer- e! of the hant bars, wl e total was 1193 tons. as that Canada v rance was the leading source of in- ! Ippile f the United ming shipment f structural ! 6( I whit ! 051 tor the 7 10a OY ; y y T Allegheny Steel Offers peat Se it ne a See sy: & Rustless Clad Metal Al ner ac gfe ( ne cor na | ! ! ! l n many applicatior vill j I ! ( para e ease al ' 1) \ gt 18-8 alloy, becau of j 1 i ‘ I nig I engtn, require rre j ng 1 ndingly increased power worl | [ ) yy : ne } a characterist I mbinatior neet W al I make ip &f ner cent of Office, he Allegher mpany ira l aevelopment a it spe- \ayT i t enifical this time in that i \ \ inf ] Di€ n } ne i I t I LT Y new dau . , if , Cor] f } (‘} | ein By tl > pore I Savi? o ( on ar A lt uy ar I ——_] =p: nC wa ry M jel evrolet Buys Steel for 35,000 Cars; ( a An Mm hevrolet has bought steel for 55,000 cars, thus completing put chases of steel tor its entire fourth quarter ouput of 60,000 cars. Buick, Fisher Body and Plymouth P| ' also have given steel releases tor ' lymouth has orders on hand 10,732 new six-cylinder cars. — Sw The Iron ge ige. Buick and Plymouth Give Releases October Bes 1932 059 to rT Muskegon, Mich., has bought pig iror demand for quality cars is looking up. PERSONAI for water delivery in sufficient qua? Duesenberg has received orders for a 4 a & i q A ‘Ss } + . = 9° tity ft arry it over t Vinter seasol ustom-bullt cars amounting to $125, ge. goes . c's EUGENE P. THOMAS has been elected when Lake navigation is < ed. Lakey 000 in the last 10 days and Lincoln’s : z oe : : : eee aaa president of the National Foreign preparing f a considerabl ! retail sales in the fir 10 days of Oc ah : : : ' a Trade Council. He has been identi- creast production whe t starts t tober were 60 per cent ahead of those : ; € 193] iid fied with the foreign trade of the ca I I new ! re ame period LJ armon — . . ‘ . . : , +0 United States Steel Corpn. for the nental Mot it Dr I just announced a new line of 16 2 : MN silicate a 3 past 30 years, having been president Vi , nas cal i educti } Dp to . eS 7 : . : of the United States Steel Products i SUZ Great Lal Steel Corpn ‘ . ° Co. from 1911 to 1928, when he be I I ! ne to run tw out of six open . . r) a ame _ vy ce-president of the United \ m¢ rt Lurna