The Iron Age 1932-06-02: Vol 129 Iss 22

IRON NEW YORK, JUNE 1932 STABLISHED 1855 Vol. 129, Big Money Must Come the Rescue JOHN VAN DEVENTER Editor, The Age steel industry now re- business, held for lack finan physicians, who have been duced one-third its normal ing, immediately, upon its release, furnished, through vitality. rapidly bleeding bring the company’s production acts, with plentiful supply credit its assets and its employing above per cent, double its employ- life blood and whose function And what true the steel ment and put the concern profit inject this into the business and ndustry also true for the greater making basis. dustrial body, have not done what part the varied industries which The suspended orders, this case, was hoped and expected. credit ise steel principal product. represent Federal, municipal and util- transfusion not soon made, Something must done about this ity projects which have passed the may invited attend the and done quickly are avoid stages authorization and engineer obsequies American disastrous consequences. se- ing and which are merely waiting will not pleasant for them, for ret anyone that unemployment the credit starting gun. they may also occupy place teadily increasing and that surpluses This but one instance many and business contraction may actually well individual savings are con- Enough projects tinu away force extension Government inuing melt away. public and private, are now awaiting control ownership railroads and hat the way out? relea eventually other our basic busi toward breaking the vicious spiral The emergency is too immediate to I Pp nesses. Moreover, thi double con- seek relief through new construction continuing destructive deflation. traction establishing market value projects which cannot started for months. too great expect olution through any possible increase the sale cheap cars. cannot quipment our rial upon which they would assuredly ernization, falls into this constructive anomaly when conservative finan category. ciers, through either inability from increase demand money, not little money, mus willingness put dollars work, from consumers who have had their come the rescue. doing so? are thereby helping force events incomes wages diminished consid- Despite the efforts the direction pleasing the socialisti- erably more than the decrease re- Reserve System bring about credit cally inclined! tail price levels. “Big” money, not expansion, the member banks are cannot wait for new ittle money, must come the rescue. ing very little with their additional new products, new projects, bring One way out illustrated the reserves except pay off their vitality back American ase one our large steel making There are plenty established in- neerns which now operating the New York district, for example, dustries, projects and products which level approximately there was decline $21,000,000 can quickly made function mor cent. This company has hereto- total loans and investments normally, provided find the way practiced job rotation, but re- week ended May 25. Investments give them infusion credit reasing number men had curities declined $30,000,000 and Quick action essential. can oans $24,000,000. These figures indi loa not wait for legislation which will balance the budget, essential that bare living for those employed. Yet and accumulation is. Big money must come the his company has its books enough would appear that our private rescue—and soon. 1201 because there was not enough ork, rotating jobs, provide even continued defla 4 a i Lge —— % a ‘ 4 | 4 Mac ONING the cylin- Both the machine and fixture are operated. After the honing operation com- pleted, operator measures the size the cylinder bores with hand gage. case the desired tolerance has not been attained, the oper- ator can put the block back into machining po- sition turning the crank the right. RILLING the main bear- ing bolt holes with ma- chine designed Ford engi- neers. block, securely held the fixture, feeds down onto the drills mechanical action, but automatically returned loading position after the operation draulic means. The lever seen equalizing the block be- ing set into the fixture. That is, equalizing locaters each bank the block together and equalized across points the equalizers are in- side the piston core. 1202—The Iron Age, June 1932 — 1 ‘ 4 RODUCTION the Ford plant Rouge now well under way. The june schedule calls for 90,000 cars, which the will constitute large per- centage. There keen interest the metal- working field the methods that are being employed the manufacture the new Ford motor, particularly view the low price established for the car. THE IRON AGE pleased present, the following pages, the first description the principal machining operations the Ford V-8 block. j y { a § * | 4 4 q “ ILLING the right and left banks the cylin- der block rotary milling machine. One side the ma- chine mills the left bank, after which the operator removes the block and puts the other side for the milling the right hand bank. Note the inclosed worm drive for operating the entire drum cylinder blocks, five each side. Production this machine, including both right and left bank milling, blocks hour. ORING the right and left bank cylinder This type machine does the rough boring, the semi-finish reaming and the finish ream- ing operations. the fixture for the block indexed hy- draulically for boring the op- posite bank, automatically advances the amount the offset between the two banks. The feed the boring bars mechanical. the left can seen the hydraulic the locating plungers which accurately bring the fixture and block proper align- ment. The indexing opera- tion carried out limits 0.001 in. The Iron Age, June 1932—1203 { { q 7 f - \ } 7 = = { re ¥ exhaust pads cylinder block are milled this machine the rate hour. Cut- ters work 45- deg. angle. ATER testing the cylinder block. This done under pressure per sq. The sealing ers, which there are the right bank, the left bank and the bottom, are draulically operated. The block can rolled completely over testing device, but for inspection rolled 180 deg. Blocks are tested this meth- hour. 1204—The Iron Age, June 1932 — — » J ke 4 y: the ock, or Sq. are olled this for locks neth- are not required exert any physical strength lifting cylinder blocks the overhead conveyor carried the assembly line. Instead the conveyor dips that all the worker must securely fasten hook the block. pump gear housing, the face and rear end the block and the . = for roughing and third for finish- left the traveling . cutter head, which . synchronizing with mechanically oper- ated and turns out The Age, June 1932—1205 7 * “3 a CONTINUOUS broaching operation. The cylinder block trans- ported conveyor through this machine, not stopping during the rough sizing the main bearing hole. The block sup- ported the top small, rectangular shaped which ll cutting broach. Otherwise, there would tendency for the block jump when the cutting work started. One hundred and twenty blocks hour pass through this machine. 1206—The Iron June 1932 a — a 4 Machining the Ford V-8 Block the assembly showing eight valves be- ing ground simultaneously. All the operations along this line are carried through machines with the same type indexing fixture used machining the cylin- der block. _ f 5 q j 4 4 ‘ ; q i : — 4 A 5 5 \ ‘ front Polishing Sti the finishing operations wrenches the Boston plant the Walworth Mfg polish all surfaces. This procedure requiring the continu work long line polisher one several efficiency measures whole polishing procedure resent arrangement polishers rved two gravity roller convey- one his left bring the work him and one his right carry away. The parts are transported steel pans tote boxes with flat veted handles and flat bottoms facilitate travel the rollers. Un- ual care has been taken the ngement polishing wheels and system. The row polishing extends along one side the ant with the operators directly large windows. Along the back the stands extends the iping which connected powerful xhausters. Each wheel has ex- haust hood which hinged and quick- removable permit changing The method handling polishing heels and from the operator mewhat similar that used for the vrenches. The reconditioned wheels ire stored under the conveyor the wheels perator’s left and the used are placed Dy ite conveyor! + sed are Standar Va wheels coated 1 ippiv of whee Dy two men \ gaged serving inde e pol tee cent | vi t are pall pol ect the used Wi I fT the surface, put fresh coating glue and then roll eated pans prepared emery corner the wheel reconditioning room shown Fig. The pene ral cheme of ¢ ( i ny 7 ti 2—A separate room used for reconditioning polishing wheels polishing has been speeded the use gravity roller conveyors and rolling emery clearly horizontal arbor close electri heated pot glue. The steam heated table containing the long pans emery the gluing wheels may rolled the hot when the glue surface exactly the right condition. The recoated wheels are placed racks for drying and are then taken for distribution the polishers. within a tew station that the The Age, June 1932—1207 1 | ‘ | _ ~ : ates 1—Steel sheets for automo- bile bodies shipped open gondola cars receiving platform the main plant the Edw. Budd Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, served standard gage track with space ‘or cars, and both the track and the platform turn are served head traveling crane. The this platform involves the ise special crane bucket lift the sheets waiting skids and the use lift trucks transfer the either the pace the first manufacturing storage Unload Car Minutes Previous to the present arrange nent, sheets were shipped to the plant box cars, and four using trailer trucks unloaded one such car half day. Now all sheets are ceived open gondola cars, hown Fig. and three men un- ad a car containing 40 tons of aving time unloading, the open cars afford marked sav- ing the time loading and brac- for shipment the mill. The method loading the open car trips are placed the floor the 1208—The Iron Age, June 1932 Edw. Budd Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, uses large tonnage sheets for the manufacture auto bodies, and the handling these sheets from the steel mills the first manufacturing operation has been care- fully studied and costs have been reduced the installation modern equipment and the use open gondola cars. recent issue THE IRON AGE was stated error that the freight rate for sheets gondola cars was less than when box cars were used. The freight rate the same both cases even though the box car repre- sents considerably higher capital investment. The large saving which the Budd company has effected through the use gondola cars has with the problems bracing and loading and unloading. Some details this connection are described the accompanying article. and nailed position the car has wooden bottom. Otherwise they are braced from the sides. load heets weighing 7000 8000 Ib. then deposited crane spacer strips, and then top that load additional spacers are placed and second load placed them. some cases three loads are placed one top another, but usually the capacity the car reached with the double tier loading. Trouble with Rusting Each pile sheets containing one, two three loads wrapped with heavy During snowy weather additional piece waterproofing wrapped around from the bottom protect against standing snow. bracing shor- ing any kind used, has been found experience that the piles sheets stay put without shift- ing. This question shifting one the serious disadvantages the box car. The usual method load- ing box brace the piles sheets against the car sides, and there certain amount weave the sides transit, the sheets are apt move back and forth over one another. This movement slight, sure, but is, nevertheless, suffi- cient scratch injure the surface enough rejection for auto- mobile body work. The sheets received the Budd plant are either auto body sheets standard hot-rolled sheets, and with these grades, and with the method wrapping described, trouble from rust and injury from shifting experienced. When the car unloaded, the covering removed, special bucket lowered over the pile and its lower flange inserted the point where the spacer strips separate the loads. Fig. gives side view the bucket, which just picked load from the the car. The design the special bucket more clearly indicated Fig. Two double thread tightening devices are placed just frame work, and after the bucket has been lowered over the sheets operator gives the wheels few turn move the bucket into position for lifting. Aim Eliminate Storage One man operates the crane, man stands the car, shown Fig. place the bucket, and third man the platform un- load the sheets the lift truc! skids. This makes easy for thre men unload ten cars the formerly required four men unload one car. addition saving labor, experience shows murrage charges. The ideal toward which the plant strives have the sheets direct from the cars into the ing sequence without having an) storage interval. The supplying mills are all within short distance the plant, that the average time freight 4 q | 4 2 3 d 4 oom a | | ~— & | HE question of the best method or shipping sheets is controversial and while the present articie descr bes the Saving which one com pany has experienced through changing from box cars gondola cars, other companies have found the box car less expensive means shipping sheets. The divergent opinion this question largely due the use different types handling equipment for loading and unloading. recent development short radius lift trucks 1 makes possible load small sized sheets box car low cost With large sheets the Budd Co. finds this method unsatisfactory two three days. And thus Budd experience the rubbing sheets transit, close cooperation with the mills due the weaving box car sides, based method piling often possible have the sheets and bracing box cars which now being superseded the rive such and called unit load method which the sheets are piled the box car redetermined times that the manner somewhat similar that described for the gondola cars hedule and storage required this type loading box cars that space nec e Oo storage 1S required. 1 his ideal must allowed underneath each load for the introduction the experience the Budd Co. has made necessary use additional neretore vo Oo storage. Same bracing for sized shee hen piled hree-load kids are used. however. whether th« orac g a zea sneets when piled in three-ioad tiers I sheets are placed storage course when the lift truck some similar equipment cannot used position for the first press rolling this unit load method also cannot used h yperation, and handling is thus mini In commenting on the general subject ot shipment of steel sheets, mized. For deep draw work, the American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio, says that with the heets first set bending and unit load method solid wood bracing used and the same amount tyre rr > ; r > traightening rolls for the bands and wire required for gondola shipment box cars iv ine he fiherse T} har livening the nan with the additional expense the case the gondola providing wrapping covering paper company states fur Durin ther that while true that dunnage open cars transported turing operation handling free while charged for the box car, this does not ordinarily run means overhead excess 300 and this small item offset the cost the however, much handling from waterproof paper. The loading flat cars calls for such elaborate one press to another in a close s¢ method of blocking ind bracu gz that it 1S only used in special case quence smooth steel-top rom ved, SEES the rip a loor Clal 4 id < un- 10OW ire — IG. 2—Specially designed buckets pick 7000 8000 pounds 3—The buckets, which are made reinforced that sheets one lift steel plate, have flanges which slip under the load sheets The Age, June ry | | 5 ¥ 4 5 4 + ans ¢ Series Turning Operations Without Labor Seneca Falls Automatic Loaders Have Been Applied Group Machines ERE are three machines fingers has picked the forging which sequence opera- that has been rough turned and has tions may performed with- placed the finish turning ma- the use manual labor. The in- chine, while the third loader has re- tallation represents application moved the finished piece and delivered new style loader added the the chute the right the Seneca Falls Machine Co., Seneca group machines. Falls, Y., its line automatic devices. Briefly one operator Centering Machine Automatic loes the work, which covers prepar- The three machines comprise au- ing the pieces machined and centering ‘machine made acing them the conveyor the the use two Kingsbury heads and the illustration. The pieces two standard Model automatic are taken automatically one one Lo-swing lathes. The machines oper- rom that point from one machine ate any standard machines would. the other, until they are delivered After the machining has been com- chute the other side the pleted the carriages return the bank machines. The loading de- tarting position and spindles are protected patents. top. this point that the au- For descripti tomatic loading arrangement ork process automobile thrown switches placed the eering sector shaft. The accom anying sketches show the rough The sequence operations fol- orging and the finished turned piece. rough forgings are snagged and length the itor who in addition only to ] lace the piece The tailstock s] ‘ ire withdrawn. the centering The forg machine. There placed ire lifted peratior Simultaneous with forgings snagged and cut length operator are put the con veyor and reach the centering machine From machine carries the centered forging the rough turning lathe, sec ond loader working simultaneously takes rough turned piece the finishing lathe and the third loader removes finished piece for delivery chute conveyor the case may and all without man- ual labor The various movements the ing mechanism are obtained hydra ically. cylinder and piston provi for the longitudinal movement and cylinders raise lower the gripper fingers. Tailst spindles are also operated hydrau ally. The oil reservoir, pump and trically operated control valves contained separate unit. Control the various the loading device through switches which ate solenoid valves. The control arranged that the completion movement starts the next movem: that the automatic loading rangement always time. instance removing piece work from the machine the first come down and grip the The closing the fingers work makes contact which actu ates the tailstock spindle withdraw ing the center from When the center receded proper distance makes conta which causes the head raise. arrangement makes impossible the unit get out time. Such arrangement necessary aut matic loading the unit fun ton with minimum amount operator’s attention. the job question one oper- ator snags, cuts length, centers, rough and finish turns pieces hour. Although the actual machining time compares favorably with chines manually operated, the total production per day greater becaus they operate continually. Operator fa- tigue does not affect the productior Automatically says Smith, vice-president and general manager the company, show over-all efficiency from — j if fh, Iron Age, June 1932 oper- nters, an his subject Modern Graham, general nes Laughlin Steel Corpn., Pitts- irgh, discussed broadly the problem teel quality confronts the tallurgist, the spring meeting American Iron and Steel Institute New York, May 19. Steel quality elusive property which not learly manifest from results con- ntional physical and chemical tests. spite metallurgical progress, are still instances, which are few, wherein steel refuses function normally either fabrica- ion service for clearly ascrib- ble reason, said the author. Sensitivity Defined The main theme the paper was sensitivity steel, which the au- defines follows: characteristic reaction rate of a of teel toward brittleness or I may be called sensitivity, or t rd the nsitivity ( i steel s; its character t a reaction to conditions of ther t itn t cold vor} itura milar tuatior Two Heats Compared variation steel its re- external conditions evi- heat treating, mechanical rking, and aging; and variation ler these conditions will occur even many steels the same analysis. ample bars are selected from two the same carbon content termediate carbon steel and simi- quenched, one bar may no- ably more embrittled her. When specimens the sample bars from the same two are cold-worked, one may again more embrittled than the other. the cold-worked specimens are jected natural accelerated one will more embrittled than other the aging process. And, eralize broadly, the specimen that cted more sharply also show the greatest response old-working and aging. steel reacts sharply itment may expected re- vigorously other treatments. ile these statements relate par- embrittlement, the situ- with respect hardening ap- ) juenching arentlv ensitivity though the correlation “This conditi mon origin behavior phenomena unde sion. “If the two or prope rty of cause tor am pie ferred to are quenched, ( reheated aged and quenched, then will again sharply, and will the that showed the greatest fact, + first case. known this paper, there chanical, electrical treatm those who the melting point steel permanently and fundamentally characteristic response steel external condit wording here avoids ical physicochemical carburizing, operations.) any given raised "OF sonte treatments, pny lowe but pickling, red ical property specimens each will main substantially classification re spon se. gishn “The above 1ess of very important that the chi a piece Oo 1 ] ac that iong as tnat ple m c te indamenta ay be eri does able costs without 1} nititude condition, a muitituag lurgical + 99 nonexistent pal S al “Tt most Stee and Modern playing iction { a ( n the ? { e re i rawn, and again 1 that or reaction which will ol a piect ons. (The mnelna ‘ including chem aiue i may group ‘ ing el not appear alteration maintains t rer elt the + onid the f¢ e} I ching ent Quality giving the idea that sensitivity always undesirable character istic; and that insensitive Wi good Ste al that | itive Grahan “Such view would correct and just misleading the imption, iret ientl 1e that ‘normal’ steel alway good steel, and that ‘abnormal’ steel was always bad steel. far ensi- wv ic ‘oneerned it } itive that ivilty 1 concerned, it IS positive ensitive steel certain applica- tions much more useful and rable than insensitive tee] “It not the intention present tr new dangers have been paper from alarmist attitude nted the fabricator user steel; all that has been attempted understanding existing difficulties. The discussion presented broad include rtually all the quality problen ron and steel industry ive the field corrosion tar ind here, too, sensitivity may present roughly parallel fashion. The prob lems involved run through the entire gamut the scope chemist, metal Author’s Summary Variations steel quality are in- juately explained the chemical analysis common elements. term “sensitivity” uggested re- virtue which responds varying degree external conditior Sen ition liquid fur ther yurece of arving er tivit ggested lead part back I tated that the degree of en treatment low the melting tem perature not expected chang elements may produ ariation nsitivit touched upor that the varying degree ibility these elements and the a ciated colloidal phen iT na are (Concluded advertising page 20) The Iron Age, June ra 3 ALT Ca O > t cleat actu earlier days the McQuaid-Ehn test, e ent below ining total caus r fa é its identity—that is, This conclusion sugg + | thought that the cau effects must originat phase. The complic tivity are inherently that modern teel-1 liquid processes. devised produce — Large Work Handled Economically Special Cylinder Boring and mechanism. Powerful locks, actuated convenient levers, permit engaging and disengaging the facing arms even while the bar rotating. 6-in. hole Inc., Philadelphia, for the Na- tional Transit Pump Machine Co., Oil City, Pa., the cylinder ring and facing machine illustrated will used bore and face one outside diameter and has etting the cylinders and guides throughout its length. bored large engine and booster ini machine believed to be the irgest its type the United States, unusually flexible, being nd. The largest cylinder that can diameter and the work long ft. wide, with center the boring bar in. total length the bed in., and the main section, ingle casting weighing 80,000 162.000 — . Adjustable Along the Bed ring bar supported two ads, one which stationary and her, the i} ock, is adjustable lon § Each head has a heavy teel facir irm driven the bar, but mounted directly long stiff revolving passe tool-rest, with tool slots for convenient setting, carried each arm and adjusted radial line novel star feed | 4a 4 ; “Cig a Bs = a t 4 a 1212—The Iron Age, June 1932 acing Machine the working end fit cutter shanks smaller bars. The bar two full length key-ways, 180 apart, and carried and the long revolving sleeves head. Because the sleeves rotate the heads, wear the bar, steel facing arm, shown the view above, driven the bar Each arm carries tool-rest which has multiple tool slots and adjusted radial line star feed mechanism Among other details, the view the left shows the arrangement the driving motor. All motors are mounted the machine eliminated, although bar can slide freely when being traversed. 40-hp., 3-to-1 motor bar through speed-change box, rotation, arives train engages the 60-in. main driving gear, which atta directly the revolving fixed head, thus driving the Bar feed actuated main driving motor through ] ; sieeve ll! bar. also — Soy ~ ¥ > y, 1 > | 4 designed bore and face setting the cylin- fers and units. Flexibility feature. diameter faced, and work ft. can accom- nodated. The boring and ft. in. ng; supported two heads, one which adjustable long the bed. The support de- igned permit con- venient moving re- locating this unit the work table. The veight the machine approximately 162,- 000 Ib. speed-change box, giving three keyways when the bar begins ro- well all the other electrical equip ighing and three finishing feeds tate. ment, are mounted direction. The stroke the The lubrication has been caref illy Power delivered the motor ft., three increments designed. All parts moving continu- the adjustable head through taut in. each, and has automatic knock- ously are oiled gravity feed fron cable wound spring reel. its, adjustable any position, conveniently located central tanks, terlocking provided for the feed and disengage the feed traverse cept the case isolated bearings. traverse motors, and limit switche ther end the stroke. Convenient Gear boxes are oiled splash and prevent the bar from verrunning ind adjustment is provided for the by conveyors so that a continuous flov when either feeding or traversing. well power traverse op- oil maintained through the ball Two rated separate motor, bearings and over the gears. For Hit iving traverse speed ft. per intermittent service conditions, such in. Feed and traverse are inter traversing the tailstock, ked that when the traverse push hot” system furnishes oil itton depressed the feed dis- ngaged automatically and engaged urfaces. hand power through duplicate gain when the traverse button re- The tailstock, adjustable head, inted directly the bed. 5-hp. averse motor this head and rives through reduction gears sure the moving parts and rtical pinion engaging rack ited the center the bed close gallows support, which allow land, has placed the market arance each side well improved safety push button, the start ediate support when boring long en- the stop button, shown. The stop ved relocated the work table angle merely striking the front series lines and T-slots fa- the control box with the flat the litate squaring and setting up; hand, but the start button sired, the entire structure can re- operated with the finger ved. When setting work, button can locked the off position the right. Heavy springs prever auxiliary supports are also cidental operation juired carry the bar when when not locked. thdrawn the rear the ma- claimed the button will ne. These, well the gallows the heaviest control circuits €00 ipport, are arranged with volts a.c. d.c. self-contained leeves eliminate wear the bar. and need not taken apart even are provided with disappearing removed from the box cover for which depress when the bar en- ing. This new safety switch The start button this safety switch and spring out engage the ignated the located inside the stop button. The Iron Age, June 1932—1213 7 vA erably The onerator ha fu] con- the ar has na sm the the ted Sy earl! Cold stock fed into the machine, straightened, cut length, heated electrically and then headed. The close-up view shows the heating terminals and, the right foreground, the heading slide. Electric Header Forms Unusual Shapes Without Affecting Shank Finish National Machinery Co., Tif- fin, Ohio, offering the automatic electric header, illustrated, which built under the Kobert patents. Cold stock fed from coil into the ma- chine where cut length, heated the necessary forging temperature multi-stage electric heating and then headed. Heating localized and confined progressively, three stages, through low-voltage transformers, and ex- tremely rapid, the interval between heating and heading being brief that there little opportunity for form. result, the heads have excellent finish. Physically and metallurgically, they are said have the high quality hot headed work, while the shanks have finish equivalent cold headed, solid-die work. The machine adapted for both steel and non-ferrous metals. vantages claimed include successful heading alloy steels that cannot successfully cold headed, because fractures which develop. one stroke and with annealing this machine will head non-ferrous metals which, when cold headed, require two and three subsequent reheadings with Work with large diameter heads heads irregular shape which re- quire deal machining, when machined from bar stock, said produced this new method with marked economy. Be- cause its ability hot form heads Iron Age, June 1932 unusual shape without affecting the bright finish the shank, this machine considered open field not met any other type heading equipment, Combination Bench Grinding Machine equipped with table for face, surface, knife die grinding, tool rest for edge tool grinding, and attachment for sharpening circular saws 22-in. diameter, being marketed Samuel Rogers Co., Buffalo. 10-in. disk grinding with adjustable table and flexible shaft with outer housing bearing for housing the emery polishing wheel can also supplied. The machine designated the model utility grinder. feature the table stop. The Stock may fed from coil, the machine can equipped with magazine for feeding blanks cut length. With magazine feed will head blanks which have been pre- viously threaded machined the end opposite the head. Operation the electric header automatic and continuous, finished piece being ejected every stroke the machine. High rates produ tion are secured. operator can stop the movement the table any time placing lever neutral without stopping the grinder entirely. This permits close, accurate work, with the operator complete control the machine. Feed works are within the base giving the carriage even traverse and smooth reversal. The reversing mechanism adjustable suit length the knife being ground. cross feeding mechanism consists two hand wheels end the slide. The circular saw carriage adjust- able for any desired hook tooth shape. The saw holder can fed and from the grinding wheel and positive stop adjustments. Regular equipment includes hp. ball-bearing motor, toggle switch, cup and tool grinding wheels, saw gumming wheel and saw gumming at- tachment. commercial standard for diamon core drill fittings has been and will become effective for new duction and clearance existing stocks Aug. 15, according the Bureau Standards, Washing ton. — a 7 4 Open-Hearth Executives Discuss Variety Operating Problems ESPITE adverse business con- ditions, more than 150 steel department executives partic- ated the fifteenth semi-annual nference the open-hearth com- ittee the American Institute lining and Metallurgical Engineers, ‘enn Hotel, Pittsburgh. was the ual, active, informal discussion ithering, partaking largely ques- and answers the form bate the committee whole Reinartz, American Rolling Co., Middletown, Ohio, chairman the committee, presided. The program included some dif- rent topics, relating operations, nstruction, quality, fuel and refrac- ries. addition there ad- ress Dr. Henry Hibbard, Plain- J., author current series articles THE IRON AGE, who dis- sed the baffling problem elimi- iting hydrogen. Dr. Herty, also contributed something from latest researches, covering par- will ularly the use the FeO content ‘ator the capabilities the steel meet specific requirements. Effects Use Scrap Also contributed were results nalyses the Battelle Memorial titute, Columbus, Ohio, ascer- the effects the use scrap, irticularly automobile scrap, rel- the residual metals commonly garded contaminating the steel. arth practice the intermittent eration blast furnaces was also tor nsidered and this case Arthur Kee, Cleveland, was asked ex- base, his views. The burden his was that unavoidable the termittent operation not averse ersing riations the character the out- sts ting harsh treatment run furnace one-half wind, putting \djust- performance more less out tooth lance. Yet emphasized that fed practices have times marked has ritish procedure and the industry road has been able make satis- tory steel, and observed that inconsiderable amount steel ide anyway from cold charges. His junction was that must along best can, for after all the con- ions which now all deplore are nporary and shall not have ntinue punish the blast furnace. paid tribute the remarkable uracy that had been attained q xisting product. The consensus the few switch, saw ing at- amon ashing ich were expressed with regard use molten iron from the in- termittently operated stacks was that more skulls were produced, greater fluctuation the silicon was experi- enced and more oil had con- sumed the mixer. One open-hearth superintendent said that not years had ever been necessary dump ladles the furnaces remove the skulls, while now has done short the contention seemed that the iron definitely runs colder than when there regular blast fur nace operation. Production Costs Discussed The topics touching operations the open-hearth department had with production costs under low operating schedules, with varying the personnel under these conditions, with tarring molds, draft control fur- nace scoring, the composition heat used starting afresh after prolonged shutdown and with the use pouring boxes auxiliary ladles. the matter using tar, one procedure described wash the mold water and then dip tar, with emphasis keeping the tar clean. was urged that tar high benzol likely cause corner cracks molds. The use vaporizer in- stead spray was also mentioned successful way applying tar. Preference was expressed some cases for graphite mold wash. The discussion on life of slab molds brought out great divergence ex- perience which would substantially impossible summarize. can per- haps answered saying that the nearer square slab mold the lon its life, one observer more facetiously stated. For example twice the life one in. Also while 0.6 2.5 per cent manganes say 1.25 per cent, gave long was pointed out that was fully mold lif: minimize the time which the ingot left the mold. the section the program voted construction, some time given the experience with two-pa and three-pass checkers. yet not nuch data appear available. was asserted that liberal well needs Generally speaking, some economy claims were mostly speeding the furnace operation. There were those who preferred waste heat ers the multiple pass checker Life the Front Wall Another subject discussed was life the wall. There was great divergence experience the number heats pai front wall, ranging from high 210 the case more less special construction. Similar- there was wide range the vol- ume brick needed for checkers for 100-ton furnace, which informa- tion had been requested advance the meeting. The replies ranged from checker brick 125,000. The open- ings regarded most satisfactory were generally 10% in. machine for granulating slag and for utilizing centrifugal action separate from the slag proper iron bearing material otherwise wasted the slag was described Brosius, Pittsburgh. acquired rights about three years ago Gelsenkirchen machine, and two have been erected this cour Mr. Bro discussed some length the qualities and uses that have been samples show the effective recov- ery through centrifugal action the ferrous product from the slag. pointed out the saving this way valuable parts the slag ferro alloys. The machine discussed cludes revolving pot in. diam- etr rotated 500 r.p.m., requiring probably not more than hp. operate and water consumption for the spraying the slag less than 100 gal. per ton. The group questions relating quality included one the time re- quired get preliminary tests the open-hearth bath. Out this came the emphasis that the case high- products was necessary cool one side the test specimen that the other side would soft enough secure quickly the drillings necessary for testing. the case per cent nickel steel, the test pecimen was submerged and then brought back cherry red, the test piece then being cooled the one side and the drillings obtained the opposite, the result that only min. was required get the drillings the laboratory. e K Malleable Castings Output Off April 9 WASHINGTON, May 31.—Orders for malleable castings April were 17,- 630 tons, against 18,046 tons March, according reports received the Bureau the Census from 117 establishments. Production de- clined 16,758 tons from 19,597 tons and shipments dropped 18,328 ton tons. Col Fuel Iron Co. will spend $100,000 modernizing and overhaul- ing its rail mill the next few months. Employment for 300 men assured while the progre The company has begun manufac- keep workers busy. also line disinfectants and sheep dip from by-products the coke plant. The Iron Age, June 1932—1215 — j { A OW ; | | 4 — Russia Placing Steel Orders England and Germany Soviet Buys 40,000 Tons British Plates and Negotiating for Further Tonnage, Also with Germany ONDON, ENGLAND, May (By Cable).—The market tone nouncement that Russia has placed orders for 40,000 tons British steel plates and that negotiations are pro- ceeding for the purchase large quantities British sheets and other laterial German negotiations with Russia have been renewed and preliminary agreement has been reached for the ale 125,000 tons German rolled teel for shipment next ian negotiations with Spanish steel companies for the renewal the oil contract and the placing large steel and ship orders Spain have broken down, owing financial difficulties. Britis Imports Advisory Board believed considering increase duties pig iron and ertain classes of steel. Continental steel prices are gener- ally steady, with some works disin- clined further reductions. However, the market is still influ enced those plants which are book Belgium steel proposing further wage reduction per cent plate firmer. Welsh maker are more optimistic the result their success achieving 100 per cent membership hands are offering tin plate low 14s. 6d. base, f.o.b. work shipment, but the the plan. port, for prompt makers are asking 15s. 6d. for production tin plate. The general taken Dorman Long Associates, Ltd., (nina a e¢ ormed to d vel ale engineering projects China. The company comprises Dor- man Long, Metropolitan-Vickers Elec- trical Co., Ltd., Babcock Wilcox, Ltd., Beyer, Peacock Co., Ltd., Callender’s Cable Construction Ltd., John Thornycroft Co., Ltd., Edgar Allen Co., Ltd., and Tilbury Contracting Dredging Co. The new company will not execute con- tracts, but will seek orders for its The April output pig iron Russia amounted per cent the scheduled program. The raw 1216—The Iron Age, June 1932 British Prices, f.o.b. United Kingdom Ports Pe Cross Ton Ferromanganese, export £9 Os. Billets, open-hearth 5 fd to £5 1 bd Black sheets, Japanese specifications 912 6 ate, per base box 14 9 to 15 ars, open-hearth 7 to 8 7! Beams, open-hearth 7 The to 717% Channe open-heart} 712% to 8 2! Angles, open-hearth ‘ Thy to 717% Black sheets, No. 24 gaye to 8 Galvanized shee N 1 ga ) t Continental Prices, f.o.b. Continental Ports Per Metric Ton, Gold £ at $4.86 Billets, Thomas £1 14s. Wire rods, No. BWG. 410 Black sheets, No. ine, Japane e 11 teel bars, merchant. 2 4 Beams, Thomas 2 3 Angles, Thomas, 4-in. ind larger Ar mall ) He nd strij ee! over 6-in. base Wire, plain, No. . Wire, barbed, 4-pt., No 10 B.W.G : 815 teel output was per cent and rolled steel per cent. Pennsylvania Railroad Obtain Loan Immediately WASHINGTON, May Penn- sylvania Railroad will get $5,000,000 tomorrow from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation the first in- stallment loan $27,500,000 with which proceed with its 1932 minal improvement work New York and Washington. The loan was both approved and an- nounced last Saturday the Inter- state Commerce Commission, follow- ing quickly upon the heels re- amended application the Pennsyl- commission make the loan available beginning June instead Oct. had been previously provided the commission. The commission had conditionally approved the loan with the under- standing that the Pennsylvania would endeavor obtain $27,500,00 for its immediate needs channels. its re-amended applica- tion the Pennsylvania impracticability obtaining reasonable cost this sum through public offering ties. The railroad said would dertake raise this sum thr banking and investment channels fore the end the business and financial sonable The loan mad the Reconstruction Finance tion also calls for the acceptan securities which previously wer included. reported objection been made the Pennsylvan the requirement the commi that certain gilt-edge put collateral. The granting the loan under revised plan expected resul quick release orders for steel other requirements for the fication and terminal improven project. the Pennsylvania ceeds with its original 1932 prog will expend, addition 500,000 just loaned, similar obtained from banking nels and $13,000,000 from its funds. struction Finance Corporation divided into the ments: June $5,000,000; $9,000,000; Aug. $4,500,000; $4,000,000 and Oct. $5,000, Weirton Steel Co. Sponsors Golf Club rolling plateau overlooking the River and the main works Weirton Steel Co., 18-hole course established for the benefit the residents Weirton was offi opened recently. the Steel Co., and Ernest Weir, man the board. The Will Country Club has been operate the course, and officials employees the steel company members the community hav ready joined the club the of 193. Cupola Refactories Simplified simplified practice recomme! tion for cupola refractories con ing sizes and varieties cupola ing, one and two hole tap-out slag hole blocks, was approved general conference representat under auspices the division plified practice, Bureau Standa The recommendation will fective upon receipt the requ degree support the indu which being circularized for — | Machine-Made Steel House Envisioned the Mass Product the Future steel house passing out the experimental stage. This fact was demonstrated the House Forum, held under the pices the American Institute Construction the Engineering ieties Building, New York, May and 25. The large and enthusias- attendance, the imposing array and papers, the manifest husiasm both speakers and lis- ers and the diversity interests resented those participating discussions made clear that the dwelling lusty, vigorous destined grow strong and maturity. President Hoover and Secre- Commerce Lamont sent mes- the forum commending the poses for which was called. retary Lamont stressed the impor- opening the way for the ding better houses that the reappearance the rry-built” dwelling might pre- ted when residential construction ved. The success the meeting attested the unanimous adop- resolution making the forum permanent organization, with the meeting scheduled for the com- autumn. Steel makers, architects, builders manufacturers household ac- ories participated the program. the problem that were dis- sed ranged from what has been tually done solving technical diffi- lties, with particular reference numerous systems construc- that have been evolved, mat- design, financing, insurance, rchandising and future trends. discussing the outlook for steel ising, Harvey Wiley Corbett, chair- the architectural commission the Chicago World’s Fair and the architects Rockefeller nter, New York, declared that in- try confronted with the problem getting some new manufactured luct that will stimulate mass de- nd. The market for automobiles, said, virtually saturated, and de- ind for radios rapidly approach- the same condition. The small use the next thing that great rporations will look into. The elling can, and will, produced machine-made basis, stated, and will mean improvement design, rangement, sanitation and construc- Standardization will not prove President Message RESIDENT HOOVER sent the Foster, chairman the Small House Forum, called the Amer- ican Institute Steel Construc- tion: will obliged you will ex- press cordial greetings the forum house construction and appreciation the value conferences seeking cooperatively for practical means carrying into practice the recommendations brought out the Conference Home Building and Home Owner- ship. such conferences lies opportunity serve the country vital need for better housing, and also help forward the en- largement employment sev- eral major industries.” obstacle to the success ¢ the ma manufactured house, his opinion. pointed out that had not proved such deterrent the renting apartments. people are the Ford class they will have Ford houses. they are the Rolls Royce class they will have Rolls Royce houses. The ability manufacturers employ the ablest designers will insure tinct improvement the appearance dwellings, Mr. Corbett asserted. The house the future must envisioned unit inclosed space, rather than home. The first step civilization was settle one point and cease nomadic, stated. But the cycle seems have turned and we are agal! becomi ig nomadic. The average individual does not want tie himself fixed spot. space must built that can moved part, that its value not entirely dependent locati Costs, believed, will terms weight, now the case with automobiles. The steel house the future, his opinion, will weigh only one-third what does today. Lower weight will costs. Small housing, Mr. Corbett declared, will show progress identical with that the automobile The modern machine-made house thing that people will demand. will give rise new consuming industry that will pull out the depression Mr. Corbett’s belief that the ten- dency will toward more cal use of steel in steel houses was concurred Fred Llewellyn, consulting engineer, United States Steel Corpn., New York, who said that the steel frame residences opens new field design that struc- tural engineers have not yet explored. Existing hand books are value them, said. The proper use steel houses will depend terials other than steel used. other words, the steel frame made self supporting during construction, skyscraper erection, will weigh four Large Corporations See Steel House New Outlet The steadily growing interest large corporations the small house was evidenced the prominence steel companies the program. J.C Shields, assistant general manager ales, Carnegie Steel Co., pointed out that the steel industry has productive considerably above normal demand and must look for new out- lets to absorb the excess. He said that Thomas, vice-president charge sales, United States Steel Corpn., had appointed committee, made representatives subsidi- ary companies, which has been inves- tigating the possibilities the steel house. Information has been assembled convenient form for distribution among all the sales offices the Corporation, that every salesman will be fully po ted a to what ha been accomplished far, and will every opportunity preach the gos- pel steel home Llewellyn ipplemented an- nouncement saying that the re- ports the Corporation committee are being digested and that important arrived will probably released industry large next nth The chances interesting capita economic housing are better today than ever before, Robert Tappan, ar- chitect, New York, told the confer- ence. view the prevailing fear The Iron Age, June 1932—1217 5 = T n 4 r} n by | ‘ | ~ en oY! t ( 4 R | : n nst 1 uly i, Sept ley ( 4 Ol e lent : Lis mel on I “9 ut 4 nda yme : equ { net idu i : complex, capital interested saf- ety first and returns second. Fifty-Seven Different Systems Construction The progress made steel housing exemplified the numerous sys- tems construction that have been developed. Mr. Shields said that the use steel some had come the attention the committee. Mr. Llewellyn later stated that the elapse had disclosed the addition ther system, making total Mr. Shields classified the sys € tems from the tandpoint members used, follows: Type of Steel Members Used The small house problem, the Prod- Co., New York, two-fold: (1) | reach the middle classes; (2) to rea the orking cla Most pioneering house con- ruction, recounted speakers forum, has been the building iddle class homes. Danforth, engineer, Jones Laughlin Corpn., stated that some 3000 houses had been built with the use Junior steel beams the past few years. recounted the nade methods construction, but that one the biggest difficul- ti to vercome in makir teel matte he de ut a hlv pense, 2 for material, 1 fo