The Iron Age 1932-04-21: Vol 129 Iss 16

IRON AGE.. ESTABLISHED 1855 NEW YORK, APRIL 21, 1932 VOL. 129, No. — 4 HERRMANN Vice-president and general manager, Bantam Ball Bearing INCE moving South Bend trength averaging three times that GRADUATE engineer the University Delaware, Herrmann learned the tool-making trade with the Ameri- can Die Tool Co. and supple- mented his college work with spe- cial studies business manage- ment, foundry practice and metal- lurgy. Early his career be- came tool designer for the Crocker-Wheeler and later took the position superintendent the motor car repair and experi- mental work departments the Automobile Club America. 1909 joined the staff the Studebaker Corpn., serving success- ively tool designer, general fore- man, experimental engineer, assis tant chief the maintenance and service department, assistant engi- neer and consulting engineer. With the exception the period from 1913 1917, during which con- ducted consulting engineering business Detroit, was asso- ciated with Studebaker until 1929, when became connected with the Bantam Ball Bearing Co., which now vice-president and general manager. Mr. Herrmann member the Society Auto motive Engineers, American Society Mechanical Engineers and As- sociation and Steel Electri- cal Engineers. June, 1928, our company’s total sales have increased each year, despite the fact that the demand for our standard line ball bearings consistently declined. During the past two years the decrease amounted per cent. The contraction orders our other products, which follow rather closely the general ness trend, was the same propor- tions. Moreover, 1931 our sales single large customer fell off Yet, through the development new lines, recruited from special small order group, were only offset these heavy losses, but actually show 1930 gain per cent dollars and cents, compared with 1929 and per cent last year again 1930. the cultivation product during this period, was necessary for purchase new equipment rep- resenting about per cent our present machinery inventory. also had the expense ling fron ployees learned mak every imaginable type bearing, including free wheeling rolls. These rolls re- quire finish unusual quality, long accepted standard the roll making industry and accuracy greater than that the manufacture gages leading tool making hops. All this had done price which made interesting and desirable for our customers con tinue use our product Necessity Training Workmen Complicated Sales Plans The steady increase our sale was made under circumstances not the average company. moved South Bend from Ban- tam, Conn., the early part 1928. first year and half, our and effort de- ted enlisting the interest cal workmen our company and training them for involved in the manufacture of our oducts. the end 1928 the mpany’s assets were seriously de- pleted and even the prosperous day preceding the stock market break 1929 did not replenish treasury its former level When the Wall Street crash came immediately anticipated changed nditions, deciding that busir had een abnormal and that must pre- | | | 4 | | > | i | | q ‘ per cent. 7 ] | : | | & likewise pay for our new equipment without undue financial strain. must remembered that through this entire experience were time flush with surplus funds. management made monthly forecast orders, expenditures and our cash position, being governed thereby financial condition the day: ahead, each month the accounts re- ceivable are listed single report heet showing the new and variable accounts and those paid within cer- tain usual dates. That is, columns bearing used machine for cold rolling disk wheels the Detroit plant are dated the eighth, eleventh, fif- automobile wheel maker teenth, eighteenth, twenty-second, twenty-fifth and twenty-ninth. ved for the bear- them are listed the accounts reasing prope costing method able. the column marked the roduced. the eleventh, for example, are put all vhich could thods and allowing counts receivable from the eighth using standard consistent with depreciation the eleventh; thus the sum all that positior apita nvestment and permanent the amount money which the com ust that busines period. Ken Accounts payable are listed an- other sheet under the following head- ings: per cent the 10th, per Steps Taken Assure Quick cent the 10th, per cent the ved, sending Estimating 15th, per cent the 20th, and reply ib] net. Most accounts fall into one Heret those having the larger discounts. estimates size together with the forecast orders Manu differ net bills sometimes run days. roduc quickly with the least Sales Forecast Three-Month Basis the closest possibl months ahead. All prospective cus- satisfactory tomers, with the probable amount business from them for the next our ract days, are listed monthly. For the bsolete the falling off ness which are reasonably sure; lin roducts and for the second and third months wral} ng paper al i t | wheels: 4949 Sample Bearing, per our B/P ONCE ils and grease, carbonizin Outer Steel Casing only for Messinger ONCE te. ide proau Spee. Bearings with Brze. Rets. ONCE tion, direct supervision shaft, 2-18-32 boxing, The management keeps close touch with all jobs going through the shop means typewritten sheet, shown part above. These, prepared every four five days the rinding used treasurer, list all work process, showing the date the order was received, shop order num- bearings, cost ber, short description the work and date shipment should made. 914—The Iron Age, April 21, 1932 4 7 q 7 7 — ie orders for its standard line prod- ucts during the past two years, the Ban- tam Ball Bearing Co. showed gain total sales per cent 1930 and per cent 1931 due development new lines. this period new equipment was bought representing per cent the company’s present machinery inventory, manufacturing costs were figured new basis and method was established for nandling inquiries promptly. The company notably free from red tape and expen- sive tabulation records, yet maintains effective system for controlling production. frac tion Large two-row tapered roller bearing installed the new strip mill Otis Steel irprisingly accurate when the vari idered. the beginning every month r treasurer makes recast expenditures and the value shipments for the next days. have discovered that this simple ocess has enabled know where are going all times and not run the end the month loss and The outside diameter the u mel! atl i the company ore willing settle nal Creep Tests Cold-Drawn Bridge Wires tion ask why. The forecast and Brid = ridge in 4 cle eparation give the treasurer op- mad rtunity seek out any leaks pholes and close them before they serious proportions re li operate efficiently with not THE IRON AGE absence elaborate forms for hat more ntrolling production and therefor free from red and filing systems. ir wn or five days the trea 7 ss, showing the date the order ure tape and r received, our shop order num short description the worl ide. Copies are put the hand the plant superintendent and inspector. This lé enables the management fingers all jobs going through er together conve and nient intervalis plant the all and talk h the superintendent ] } tre > arrange- as orders and the best procedure the shop. may seem ial that our treasurer’s we have found this a7 closely linked with produ observations three samples wire for two weeks left are the begin nings creep move ments the three samples under the lower loadings for and hr. The load each case, the pro longed test, was about 111,000 Ib. the square inch t to) nos al imn I if i nthe ) a if j 0.04 pel cen a ent P. It diame 0.192 in., and galvanizin was required bend, with ing, around rod one and time its own diameter inl t tensile trength gl cro ection was to be n than 215,000 Ib. the sq. yield point 144,000 ired attention was paid 4 pag Z The Iron Age, April 21, ‘ a i \ 7 1. en t iua Ing | lat > + it ‘ \ ice j , ly t} t the cor there 1d arawn wire orig } Ambassador Bridge between Detroit and Windsor. and the Mount Hor Island land niversity brief ven pag July 193 herewith. E : TOOL STEELS DIFFER SHEPHERD Chief Metallurgist, Phillipsburg, its. The the purpose this paper show marrow narrow ilmit existing data some hardening irregularities tool contusion due this difference “per- steel, the effect timbre upon ser- uniformi finished prod nality’—a word which can re- vice life, the necessity for the con- rit and altered good advantage the term trol timbre, the redu imbre.” Steel may have chemi- timbre between the products sev- ind cal composition entirely within eral manufacturers means the ration rvice The pecification, and yet entirely un- hardenability timbre test* devel- hardening equit specific This il- oped the writer, and the degree ee] hardened tool steel containing tions showing that timbre exists not percentage carbon only tool steel but also various orn raphite, shown Fig. alloy steels. may expect manu- teel fraternity, times not nee past, called this difference ns} ‘This teem and adopt tests control timbre factors hav their materials, with lessening the nifor emphasis now being placed upon ad- il characteristics and, vé ry ee test rather doubt often assumed that the fact except for olated special that parts pass 100 per cent hard- the parts are satisfactory. Hard- Body Defined ness tests only indicate the hardness has been defined the the particular location tested and Carpenter Steel Co. the inherent are not that certain ropert tool steel independent juality standard being attained. which influences the de- ree hardne penetration and ith allowable quenching range.” 4 > mes . 4 d Fig. 916—The Iron April 21, 1932 Age, hardened carbon tool steel. analysis not index quality. Fracture (left) shows streaks graphite. Fig. 2.—Soft spots cylinder hard- ened tool correct total carbon chemical | J é j > a.) > q > q 7 7 7 part which has been etched afte hardening. large number soft pots are observed the surface, ndicating improper hardening. necessary check uniformity pection this character, highest Small soft spots the surface el- Ol much more serious than ordinarily tions through several parts urface soft spots. The total depth hardening several locations normal hardening operation and indicates hardening abnormality. can explained only inter- nal stresses causing pre ire hysteresis which, turn, accel- erates retards the formation act Strains produced such struc tural condition are, course, very rd- much more severe than those pro ess duced normal hardening oper ation and render the part for service. Great care must the production high quality work insure all parts ing 100 per cent the desired struc tural condition. What often called Fig. through cylinder showing left) shows hardening hysteresis. Satisfactory uniform case (right) inside “TIMBRE” ERTAIN steels having the same type analysis differ their performance tools. This article, based address before the New York chapter the American Society for Steel Treating, reveals certain tests determine this quality. Timbre, according the author, should leading criterion the selection tool steels. juired quenching conditions. must result and the hardening Fig. shows two parts mad according the old hen cut two thin Fig. shows part which has been emery wheel and etched shov irdened, cut two and etched distribution hardening. Part how the distribution was quenched open brine flush, production high-quality part ordinarily considered hard this character necessitates contr tl il the depth of har nit! though does not pecification. The riter has } wn nt ull irfac nd clude the width of quen nf range ened rving the quenchir pera Timbre and Design test consist ol quenchit a Timbre reported eel which have been step-groun investigator 1/32 in. step disks are for the control timbre also (still brine also being satisfactory) certain parts have deep hard two and For any tempera ness certain location while the ture, the hardenability number ections other parts will not taken the numerator the thickne thirty-second inch the thinnest section Three Steels Compared the difference timbre betweer 1.10 per cent carbon d ine 1its are vn in Fig », na I The a no I re nee of the teel to th oper teels and enabled the test The Iron Age, April 21, 1932—917 a Len & ra- us 1u- ind ain 7 ¢ 6T 4 7 wi | J ry al plar ( l Tange bh 4 On th HO0 UT R al I] ird peratu ] 1) ane u l nel t i; Fig. 5.—Uniform distribution hardness tool part attained specialized hardening steel proper timbre. 918—The Iron 21. 1932 tent. The fracture each steels shows appreciable coarsen ing from the higher temperatures, although the specimens are hardened through and have “drier” ance than the others. Fig. parts made from same bar steel. Steel has poor timbre. The Part quenched hardenability changes rapidly with from 1440 deg. brine using flush fixture. increase hardening temperature Part (right) quenched The fracture starts coarsen badly 1440 deg. 1500 deg. and 1600 deg. cracked badly hardening 1500 deg. and over, and prone grinding cracks. Disks each these three approximately in. thick were car- burized 1725 deg. after being heated through, and allowed cool eracks and tendency check ector taken from each disk was the 1600-deg. tempera- amined metallographically along howing these greater radial section. Ther HA NA TY NUMBE Spray pray Spray Spr 3 — Fiz. the hardenability number steel designated having composition 1.02, 0.23, 0.014, 0.011, 0.24, 0.03 and 0.05 per cent HARDENABILITY NUMBER 420 F 1450 1550 °F 1600 °F Spray Sprey Spray Spray Brine . = Fig 7.—Hardenability determination steel composition—C 1.00, 0.25. 0.013 0.019, 0.14 per cent. 4 4 | t a r ECTION 7 52 4 q | , 1 L NUM ER °F 2 500 °F 550 Sf a, pre, ANESS = - v /32" = 7 Fig. steel following composition—C 1.08, 0.27, 0.016. 0.011 0.22, 0.05 and 0.09 per cent - + 4 Fig. 9.—Macrographs reveal marked difference response the three steels and (left right) carburizing operation. vas marked difference the re- 1450 deg. F., shown previously teel and the 1 sponse these three steels and The with timbre one carburizing operation shown difference border line condition teria selection will Fig. very marked. proved product, culli graphic examination showed The difference between these desirable sources difference. teels was previously shown exist better understanding n tn cores of the amp! cooled quality of tee] Normal and Abnormal Steels slowly from the carburizing The indications from comparison ature, where steel had grair means the McQuaid Ehn test which were entirely are that normal steel has poor timbre normal, and steel The North Central and that good timbre steels are not and lamellar pearlitic gra tion the Bureau necessarily distinctly abnormal steel attribute this condition operation with the Uni think the aim, however, ference the critical cooling rate nesota, has nanufacturers desiring good timbre individual ity iron silicate lefinitely try make abnor larger dendritic structure influence which nal steel. teel with corresponding, though inter has upon There are still other differences be- ight, structural ng, show more distinct border line everal iron ore the case and the core than the condition pletely reduced teel from manufacturer “R.” This 10. mesh parti lifference illustrated Fig. 10, ate slag were vhich shows the 12/32-in. section monoxide (magnified four times) the hard- have endeavored call atten per cent the ability test disks quenched from tion difference quality the metallic The Iron April 21, 1932—919 border line between case and core two steels and 1 te on t of too] ‘ iw out Ip} ina ‘ Vi i | , 1a Pa noxice Uy ‘ ; - Cs, CU he t} tn re OO) | 7 X Wey 2 VE wae ‘ erial whicn 1 not isually isce! ained until trouble develo rication or in the field The develo} alloy steels very much et tne main ct in an le nour. Wwner | eq tH cal CONTINUOUS process man- ufacturing conduit features plant notably modern ap- recently completed But- er, Pa., the Fretz-Moon Tube Co. The conduit welded pipe made from skelp, used chiefly course for the protection electric wiring. The continuous method calls for the use skelp received coils and the weld- ing the lengths the uncoiled continuous strip, which the welding tempera- specially designed gas-fired furnaces. Besides the interesting furnaces, particularly noteworthy are the galvanizing arrangements and the equipment for enameling the conduit. Much the information has been ob- tained from Nealey, the American Gas Association. The skelp comes coils ranging from 300 1500 ft. length and one coil welded the next, stated. made and the skelp ranges from 9/32 in. width and 0.065 0.154 in. thickness. The accom- issuing from the long small-cross-section heating fur- nace, the skelp receives jet air bring about local welding temperature and then passed through the forming and welding rolls and then the sizing machine C 920—The Iron Age, April 21, 1932 Sizing 4 FOR INC@LASING or coces F ORMING ANO WELOING MaCHine Machine panying diagram gives idea the general scheme and, the lower part, the character the apparatus for every step the conduit making process. accommodate the periodic pause for butt welding the lengths skelp, and trimming any resulting flash the welds, provision made for looping the skelp, cated, special runway, all the end that the conduit forming opera- tion may without interruption. The seam welding furnace, that the skelp now passes through, especial- Levecee Burt ire Smeve foe ( Saeve Levees Wrote amo Fiasm FuRNACE ACCUMULATION OF SHELP oF ALLOWING TIME WELD AND TRIM each fresh coil skelp unreeled, welded the end the preceding reel, and the material then passed continuously through furnace, pipe forming rolls, and the longitudinal joint welded and the conduit sawed length. — (0) — O WELOING Rous Teaveuné Hor Saw \ AO AN Convevon Tas.e - Coounc \ \ A \) 4 Ww) \ \\ 4, small cross section, and designed secure effective heat transfer for special purpose. The principal hought the design was concen- trate the heat the edges the kelp, the body the skelp needs ending temperature only, and this was accomplished placing long gas burners each side the furnace that they would fire the edges the skelp assed through. The speed which the skelp moves runs from 150 225 per min. depending weight. Unusual Heating Furnace This furnace brick and steel onstruction, 125 ft. long, ft. wide and ft. high. The hot skelp pulled along over series water cooled skids, prevent picking foreigr ubstances, such slag and scale. concentration the heat applica- tion was the most important factor, heating chamber proper only in. wide and in. high, and the burners fire refractory tunnels that the heat transfer through convection, radia- tion and flame impingement. These tunnels well the lining the furnace are constructed Silimanite withstand temperature 3,300 deg. The burner tunnels are de- signed secure complete combustion with minimum air dilution and thus close approach theoretical flame temperature. There are these burners, side and these are grouped man- ifolds, four inspirator set the low-pressure type. course, the function the inspirators maintain constantly and automatical- the desired and predetermined ratio gas and air and intimately mix the two. The rate combustion 1000 cu. ft. gas hour sin- gle cubic foot combustion chamber space, which exceptionally high. The total capacity the burners about 70,000 cu. ft. gas hour. Air for combustion delivered the inspirators 1500-lb. turbo com- pressor with capacity 9,000 cu. ft. The gas supply from the mains reduced min. oz. pressure. two sensitive regula- zero pressure ) for each side the furnace. The production rate ctor the furnace temperature, particular application, and amounts tons in. conduit hourly with consumption only 3/00 cu. ft. of gas per ton Ot WOTkK. Another feature the method which the edges the skelp are stepped full welding tempera- ture outside the furnace. the strip steel emerges from the furnace passes through forming rolls which give the circular shape pipe with the edges close contact. They quire just little more heat for weld- ing and this obtained playing jet air the hot edges. The re- action the oxygen the air and the carbon the steel temperature from 2500 2600 deg. brings the around 2800 deg. F., and the } skelp pulled over series water- cooled skids its passage through the long 14-in. heating chamber, opposite sides which are gas burners, all gas burners for heating the bath the galvanizing furnace have top posi tion. There are burners each side for the ft. length. The products com bustion impinge refractory materials each case, indicated The Iron Age, April 21, ne Or i 1e |- n. 1e | : Ay Wee 4 4 | ¢ i re ed I rar! ana ! + } > given three finishes, enameling ' ng tank ettle } introduced nsteac neating tl gaivanizZin the bottom, the designer 17 ition that all the 922—The Iron Age, April 21, 1932 skelp passes directly into cold metal introduced the top, rolls which press the edges together that the cold work enters the top, into welded seam. The pipe that quantities cold air are always passes through several sets sizing contact with the top surface rolls which true the liquid metal and that much heat neter. then cut rdinarily lost through black body high speed adiation thi surface. The speed nduit while saw than the bottom, the burners ing thi and half below | ot i ny ¢ om Tank Heated Top hrough ested under pre and This galvanizing tank ft. wide, ted idle from ft. deep and ft. long. sets the electrogalvaniz- ing process the pipes are suspended from racks, which are han overhead cranes and hoists operator picks one end each pipe emerges from the hot galvanizing bath, touches two motor- and the rolls pull the pipe out the tank and through ring steam for blowing off surplus zinc, brick furnace, which turn pit the floor, that the can handled and out with tive ease. The furnace walls, inclu ing refractories and insulation, about two feet thickness. Heat supplied through gas burners, each side and single These are high pressure impact ers, utilizing gas pressur and procure primary air for combu tion The burners are cemented the furnace wall, and just each small chamber, built dire front into the wall, the bottom which bed refractory materia drawing. The gas burners fire directly these refractory beds and them The hot prod ucts combustion are drawn over low bridge wall and down the and bottom the kettle commo: duct, running the entire length tank, stack. The radiation fron the refractory beds mote complete combustion While the nace walls facing the kettle serves pace and quick time. radiant and radiate large quantity heat the kettle walls, most the heat goes into the tank through convection, due the fact that the distance between the furnace and ket- tle walls was designed provide the greatest velocity for the products combustion through. This method has been found effect ma- terial savings fuel, labor and accumulation. passing (Concluded advertising page 18) —— \ a 4 Py : —— ro = — = Cemented-Carbide Tools Reduce Cost Machining after the introdu found that the difficulties for- encountered the machining aluminum due excessive tool were largely eliminated greatly increased life even under severe cutting con ns. This new order of formance quickly brought about release new, tougher alloys the aluminum now aluminum alloys which time ago were commercially machineable are common use. aircraft industry has naturally efited this trend, large part involves the fabrica- aluminum parts. this in- try, machining work must done accuracy, with close tolerance vailing, yet manufacturing costs always possible achieve these results; the past, low produc- have often been sacrificed accuracy. application recently npleted the Govro-Nelson Co., troit, manufacturer aircraft rts, indicates the economy which possible with cemented-carbide machining aluminum alloys. large portion the metal ma- ined this shop special heat- eated aluminum alloy, material quickly wore down the cutting the tools previously employed made difficult and expensive ost maintain close toler- es. The tools were found have hort life between grinds and would stand for economical periods yperation. Often the down time job was greater than the operat- time. Markedly improved been secured through use nented-carbide tools. cylinder heads, for example, Carboloy are now employed. The first igh bores three diameters 7/16, and in.) and rough forms 5/16-in. spherical radius, the sec- finish bores the above three di- eters and finish forms lius, and the third finish forms the spherical radius. the finishing oper- are close. the second oper- two the diameters must plus minus 0.005 in. forming the spherical ius, plus minus 0.002 in. the Speeds this work range 263 r.p.m., against for- cutting Cemented-carbide boring three diameters and forming Set-up used finish bore and form half- inch radius. One cylinder heads which cemente carbide tools saved min. per uminum Parts used lasted for from } ) yehir +} 1} withou ement rbide tools have effected tin floor-to-floor tin min., including veral per cent scrap has been using aluminum all even-cylinder aircraft cran case made aluminum alloy tappet holes are reamed with expanding reamer company’s own design, which 1000 pieces between grind The operating speed has been creased from 250 800 r.p.m. The actual operating time and gain pacity the machine tool. Cemented-carbide have shown favorable the turning and facing alumi num alloy pistons. They have creased production from 125 pistons per day, the speed from 185 425 ft. per min. and the number pieces between grinds from 1000. American Institute Steel Con truction, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, will soon conduct its nual bridge award for the outstand ing steel bridges completed 1931. Awards will made for three classe structures, namely: Cla for ures costing more than $1,000, 000; Class between $250,000 and $1,000,000; Class less than $250,000 The jury awards will meet June consider all entries, hich close on M iy ol. Ten students out 111 contestant been selected compete for annual award offered the American Institute Construction for most beautiful steel bridge design. ury nationally-known architect and engineers have elected the and asked the students submit finished drawings the institute not iter than The Iron Age, April 21, 1932—923 1 my produced between grinds, the cutting ¥ ‘ 4 la ( | od rit ri nyt ul . me r rough ity spheri cal radius ign the the of — his na- oss a +. a j | 4 4 \ : = COMPLETES 72-IN. peration recently the oaking pit variou types and Otis Steel Cleveland. es, fired coke over gas and fuel {rol Then they ere reduced on a } 6 in. thiel depend on the size heets rolled, and length Double Pusher Reheating Furnace The slabs leaving the blooming mill, not reheated, move tables itting off the crop ends and cutting hort lengths and the first nill stand. Two continuous reheat- ted between the crop end I A 1 Ti nill stand Slabs that are oO and sheet bar mill building. pusher off the table leading the provide additional room required mill and transfer table which new mill 220-ft. position and carries roviding 680 teel level with the charg- and 240 wide. The war ing end the furnace. Here the one side Was extended slabs pass roller table that feed are the triple-fired recuperative ype. They are oil-fired through roof heat the slabs from above, made eight 150-ton oil-fired five beneath heat the under side == Iron April 21, 1932 CONTINUOUS the slabs and six near the discha) end maintain the soaking ture. The hearths are ft. wide ft. long and will signed provide flexibility the vision the pusher each furna into two sections. These may independently for short slabs charging long slabs. The furna teel tons cold steel per Slabs Cross-Rolled for Greater Widths Slabs are discharged from the pipes the furnace the mill proach table. skew table locat front the first mill stand turning slabs sideways for ing when greater width requir for wide sheets than the blooming mill will produce. The maximw width rolled the blooming mill in. For sheets widths from in. the slab cross-rolled. The mill consists six roughing stands and four finishing stands. The first four roughing stands are high mills with rolls in. diame- ter. All mill rolls are in. long. Stand No. scale breaker, reduction. makes some OADING end the ing furnaces. reheated befor going the continu ous sheet mill transferred from the runout table inclin transfer discharge which shown the extreme This table takes them the loading end the that are not reheated continue their straight course past the discharge end the furnaces. 7 $-TO! yming ghing The two- liame- long. 4 MILL CONTINUOUS sheet mill recently put into opera- tion the Otis Steel Co., Cleveland, has capacity wide and from No. gage in. thick. Production ighing stand three-high stand stands are 21-ft. centers. Betwe straight line from the rmerly used the plant, which will stands are air steel plant and the company operated two-high mill. This which are controlled from the pulpit expects large proportion 22-in. diameter middle roll and the operator who controls the mil! in. diameter top and bottom rolls. peeds. All the mills have and No. four-high stand with operated screwdowns and the metal after leaves the diameter working rolls and Water for removing soaking pits ] in. diameter backing rolls. Ver- 1000 pressure rolls are ated draulic pumps, each with capacity stands Nos. Gy Oy t and wv. of 1000 gal. ner mir The a ) tands ranges from ft. in. pray valves. This spray r.p.m. The edging in., the mills being sufficien the stand tance apart that the sheet points between the last roughing and four finishing stands are passing through two stands first finishing stand. The ray cut 600-volt d.c. variable-speed time. The distance between the off when rolling light with speed range 175 350 roughing stand and first finishing The The three are 3500-hp. mot tand ft. in., these two stands induction mot and the fourth 2500-hp. motor ariven Vv nauction no I nroup elng’ sulcien distance apal vO Current for he finishing mill } low the steel to leave the last rough- Nn 2 hy a 1900.be. No.3 be « 1600 , ipplied by two 4000-kw. motor stand before entering the first fin- No. and No. sets. hp. mot Hot Run-out Rollers Have Group Four Finishing Stands Motor Drive synchronous motor. The four finishing stands are four- roughing stands are driven speed Leaving the finishing stand mills that are duplicates the r.p.m., the third 21, the fourth heet moves over hot run-out roughing stand. The finishing 28, the fifth and the sixtl ind either delivered coilers — - — The four 4-high fin- ishing stands. The Iron Age, April 21, 1932—925 lal pe yd 1e rna na } n er ll a - 4 ca d I | ] end reheat h om the runout inclined them end the 3 —_ end pushed off lines the hot and cold run-out ide the tables. The hot run-out table Sheets that the hot bed peed 600 1200-ft. per min., ered cold run-out table which the speed range sheet bed last finishing stand. The flying ear are also designed for handling the eets the same speed range. The hot run-out table has 10-in. are read imeter rollers which are end cold run-out tors groups 20. With this the used than would required were the started together. mechanical hot bed 160 The motor-generator set for driving ft. wide between the cen the rollers composed variable- ~ > 926—The Iron 21, 1932 adjoining warehouse where they are han dled with crane © hot bed the right the bed run-out and the the coilers. the steel that shipped flat run back the run-out (on the posite side hot bed) the ing shear shown the end the bed. the side the hot and cold ru: outs are some cating pumps motor and two rent generators, the latter alternating current for the motors the rollers. The speed the rolle: varying the frequency through changing the speed motor-generator set. The rollers stopped very quickly cutting the alternating current and plugging direct current the motor. Each group rolls can started sec. and stopped sec. speed The coilers, two number, reel the sheet into coils with in. inside diameter and in. outside diam (Concluded advertising page 18) coilers are the end the hot run-out. are dumped chain conveyors which them across the pit 3 4 \ bee ay a { q q 4 Ay 4 KOHL Crane and Shovel Engineer Austin Mfg. Chicago hot This shovel can equipped with clam shell for rur ubr was time the tachments for small tractor shove work with maximum efficiency tractor shovel was used entirely the crane with telescopic boon building dikes, protection excavating work, but improve- equipped with sheave hook ist floods around oil tanks, the these machines over the past Such boom may about ft. long line can used when foot few have greatly widened their with 10-ft. telescopic extension two the surrounding terrain can Many types conver- which provides 35-ft. reach. utilized provide the material ion rigs are now available that mere- though capacities vary greatly, for the dike. There are also many take advantage the power plant, shovel when converted into types excavating, including trench general clutch and gear mechan crane will handle loads approxi digging, that can done economical and the tractor portability the mately 3000 lb. radius with the convertible shovel hovel, provide entirely differ Where the boom almost vertical and type tool. The developments the entire machine moved with th« Mechanical Improvements Help field smaller and less tractors, the load can increased Widen Range ome tractor shovels with somewhat beyond that limit. Boiler have also had bearing setting work work around the While extension the field wider diversity uses for such cupolas often handled this way for the convertible shovel due The scope the tractor crane measure the hovels. Such equipment may narily the crane must blocked piece equip one day the handling its track, rather awkward job due than has ‘rap with magnet, skull crack- its height from the floor and the lim about hour’s time the stand- vertical position thrown The reduction friction losses ird dipper and dipper boom can around one end the overhead crane hovel equipment has brought about noved and crane boom with clam end the crane raised suf definite reduction the size hell attachment can installed ficiently changing the power plant required perform the handling wide variety bulk wheels and the operation repeated ame operations. materials. Unloading material the other end. Then there other rom cars stock pile and the load Aside construction from stock pile dump operations the drag line attachment clutches, brakes which are readily into trucks may done economically often very useful modification. For newable, pressure lubrication and vith this equipment. trimming stock piles for grad greater degree accessibility. Probably one the most useful ing filled-in land the drag line are now designed that all clutches are interchangeable and more less standard tractor design that repair parts are obtainable anywhere difficulty. Cut gearing, inclosed and running oil, chain another feature now utilized take mall shovels. Increase tractor pit peeds has also been given attention han and tackle, the shovel ld transport scrap president the Philadelphia chapter, general materials Institute Scrap Iron and Steel, suc handling ceeding V.S. Bishop. Other Hitner’s Sons Co., Philadelphia, president; John Hunt, Hunt’ Sons, Philadelphia, treasurer; Gates, Charles Dreifus Co., Phila lelphia, secretary. The Iron Age, April 21, 1932—927 | = = Selecting Inspectors meCHANIC? B. N. have found that the isite good inspector observation rather than nical SKIll In one large n ner ire -lecte pried ii } CLOTS alt ICC allowed study them for } | ] | te Iter this he too} 7 ne oO two oft the t | 7 7 ibility to detect iiter on 1S n ror jt gin ntn pector We ter that 1 3 intage to have n ] ] echan il trend of 1 mil it plac i it | Life Belts drive from motor. Recently became necessary move the motor closer shaft pulley. Will this have any effect the life the enough to transmit the rated horsepower, the arc of contact has effect its lite. arc contact varies with distance be- tween centers when pulleys are different diameters. course, if, reducing the arc contact, you overload belt, that an- other matter. Suppose you have 928—The Iron Age, April 21, 1932 HIS feature, which appeared first weekly. Readers Act are invited submit questions comment the Forum Age Publishing Co., 239 West 39th Street. New York. When several interesting answers the same question are submitted the question will repeated with each different succeeding issues. The presented are not ways endorsed Act editors in. belt ipable han load 180 deg. con and then you shorten the dis- nce between pulleys give contact arc only 120 deg overloads the belt and shorter belt life ipt result. The rating based 180 deg. arc contact. Therefore this arc 1 contact 1s reduced the width 1 the belt should increased T mpensate Usually there ificient leeway between the tual ervice demand and the pacity the belt permit con- iderable shortening the pulley centers without decreasing the life of the belt J. [ S Tank io Design table for de- gage sheets for flat tanks? Also for indicating de- sign and nature bracing? McG. Although not now recall just where, have seen table recommended gages for round tanks water. However, doubt that anyone has ever at- tempted compile such table for rectangular tanks, owing the limitless combinations sizes. Effect Nitriding effect core may may not depend ing the previous heat treatin history the steel. the dra ing temperature during heat treat ment has been higher than nitriding temperature, effect the core noticeable. the draw temperature has be: low, say, low 900 deg. deg. F., have found ther strength the core. Probably strength might greater. Group Piece-work What advantages any does the group piece-work system have over the individual piece- Many times group thre or four or more men work on one job are engaged such clo inter-related operations that individual piece-work system can not applied and such case group plan payment seem the only way establishing com pensation based directly Island has placed its clean-up group piece-work basis and reports success. The manage: says that team work spirit been developed which prevent loafing the part any one the group. this case ma- jority has the right remove one member the event continued dissatisfaction. McC. —! f | 7 ( vy rneir ity tO e¢ at a giance l 1 1 { | irge group orf ml cellaneous ob 4 | nuts, Dal bearings, cale a | I lil >. ire spread out¢t in sheet cardboard and the appli 1 t | cant for the sop ofl inspector I na ] ire | » d J 4 an Tap the Reservoir Experience — Uniform Quench Oil with tempering done infre- juent intervals and many different classes work, does quality the quench oil make any difference? the past have used any kind any condition, feeling that long was kept the de- sired quenching femperature that was all that was necessary. The cooling rates for different vary appreciably and this fact alter the properties steel different oils other conditions are kept the same. considerable expense keeping our quenching oils uniform. even far test the vis- cosity our oil ages. Dif- ferent oils vary their ability vithstand quenching hot steel vithout altering their roperties. have found min- ral oils much more stable than the animal and vegetable oils. quenching property take new high grade mineral and compare the effect quenching identical parts this oil and the old oil which has been ised for long time and which Welded-on Overlays Can you advise about the use welding for building worn parts such slide have success with welded-on overlays steel parts. use oxy- acetylene torch and soft steel rod. The flame must free from uncombined oxygen and should played alternately the rod and the metal which overlaid. 4 4 j Py whom shall look provide the impe- tus start the increased production One our problems the past year and half has been balance our manufacturing costs with the represented business. argued that more urgent than this bal- ancing the need for in- creased sales. Perhaps this because feel that our production costs have heretofore been well line with modern practice and could increase our sales would not need changes. However start must made somewhere and the surest course take has seemed ing costs the existing basis. done this our attention now di- rected toward increasing sales. DAVIS, Baldwin-Southwark Corpn. Philadel phia. comes skilled in this type of work ind 1s abDie to put on a relatively smooth laver about in thick hour grinder Advises Central Stockroom the centralized stockroom the best way for small manu- facturer handle his raw ma- terial? find cated by the question of « yart mentalization rather main prod ct in our plant which have imilarity ind which are used partments and find that advantage operate two stock rooms, one for each department One stockroom wou reducing the labor or attendance and ¢ ird filing Dut find that one and can take care the ] 1 1 rds both our rooms For | | | relatec products we feel tnat a centralized tockroom it i enient loc ation would De in In most plant Speed Welding fast should good weld- ing operator work using the common method electric arc weld; The nditions vary greatl 7 that no deninite nswer to can given find thata good weld Pr using a > 16 wu electrode will deposit about lb. electrode per hour in. electrode his rate will drop about per hour The Iron Age, April 21, 1932—929 1% \ y 7 ii — 11 end ) rai oO! ~Ver here r for | Ss in thi question compl | | loe | fem nree A el ran Cal 14 ——— fase “em "om VOTE ana ager | ent | ma- one | i Conveyors Synchronized Photo- Electric Devices and Selsyns NEW mill steel plant evor that carrie coils rod rom the mill and delivers them OK conveyor, The coils of rod rest pin paced ft. apart ne } convey n ef read a nook the ‘ i! It nece al | it arrive a Olnt OL tral | i a pall — + 220 ve.rs SiN Enclesing TT Case Moter Cams and contacts equivalent Permanent Pract Resistor ery a ludes a cor Selsyn Se B- Differential ve Isyns Lighe Sys ler the DOC —— ¢ > relationship they started the forward his requirement pre- ire both aga mon drive for both con- veyors, which otherwise would have een used assure proper ition rather simple equipment illus- rated the accompanying sketch vas recommended solution the blem. were eared the two conveyor motors Pwase | Con veyor | Ce//s Source | Comfro/ Pane HP Hook Conveyor Motor Mechanical Tie x ic J Main Ficld pin and hook conveyors used for handling coils wire rod large steel mill are synchronized means the Selsyns and other equipment shown the sketch above The system cams and contacts which are equivalent the photo-electric relays are shown, well the arrangement the various field rheostats arrive, that eacn | may saf transferred hook. arranged that the hook and the pin convey: run backward, nust return Iron ana the conveyors mu both ] i Elect ty ‘ it i i Sel the d th tr t 21, 1932 uch a manner that generator weuld make exactly one revolution for each 10 ft. of travel of the respective conveyors. ratio was chosen insure that the only point which the two Selsyns could synchronized would such that hook was opposite corresponding set Selsyns were connected differen- Selsyn the manner shown, and slotted disk was mounted the shaft this differential Selsyn. The disk was located between set light sources and set photo-elec- tric cells, and the photo-electric relays were arranged control auxiliary field one the conveyor The sketch shows system and contacts which are equivalent the relays. The equipment arranged when the two conveyors are ized properly, the auxiliary field the pin conveyor motor the conveyors move out tion thus obtained and the conveyors tend move ther out synchronism, rheost the auxiliary field the pin veyor motor short circuited, incre: ing the corrective effect. The sketch shows second tial Selsyn mounted with hand crank that the ator can bring the two into synchronism, they drift out because slippage stretch the drive. The sketch also shows arrangement the field rheostats the two motors, that the turning one rheostat handle will the speed the two motors proximately the same proportion, and will the same time strength the auxiliary field, that approximately the correction can obtained top bottom speed. Develops Gasket for Severe Service NUSUAL resiliency service claimed for the Guardian gasket announced recently the Packing Co., Palmyra, This gasket made from meta ribbon which shaped maximum resiliency and wound special machines providing safety against any temperature, resistance gas and liquids, and tight joints changing temperature. Its compres sion and rebound characteristics said not destroyed when the gas- ket tightened the joint, the ket adjusting itself without the expansion and contraction pipe lines other equipment subject change vibration. Patents pending. slightly, the auxilia field the pin conveyor motor other, depending whether the conveyor ahead behind the conveyor. the amount cor This differential Selsyn out the mill, and provid ) + — | To Pin / Disc \ 2 Sher? « WTF. > | Main on ‘ ector ring Lise < f these motors alr this ther t +) en x @4 OS *hr 4 7 hi ort Ball Transfers Facilitate Feeding Cut-Off Machine PPLICATION the ball tran fers made the Mathews Con- ‘ver Co., Ellwood City, Pa., to the eeding round bars and tubing cut-off machine here illustrate These stands can designed everal different arrangements. They drift heavy base with the ball transfers for they can made welded steel ngles arranged for mounting the ball insfers suitable angle. ther method use separate rning and pipe standards, bent the top the permit suitable mounting that all transfers. also possible ntage op as Electric Arc Cut-Off Saw accompanying shows are cutting saw recently veloped the Electric Cut- Welding Co., 152 Jelliff Ave- nue, Newark, The equipment ploys the company’s cutting and elding machine connection with vheels mounted suitable stand driven belt high speed. described the company fol- ‘The cutting wheel elec- rode and the work cut ther electrode. Several hundred am- SSUTe peres low voltage pass between the wheel and the work, the heel revolving and presenting new ind cool surface the work. The part the work contact with the wheel melted away evenly and rap- lly. Either alternating direct cur- rent can used, but because isier get the necessary high am- are erage and low voltage from the gas latter generally used. “For mild steel, steel cutting vheel used. Instead wearing it, this wheel gradually gets bigger, ause particles the steel being hemselves attached the get heel little little, and this necessi- ates shaving the wheel its original limension from time time. 4 “For certain types alloys, car- and other wheels used. wheels should driven rapidly ab — ball transfer used the bar stand are shown sketch upper — — The Iron Age, April 21, 1932— ote “a / ‘ Details ld + | tray ‘an ran is ece ro ().]) \ et-up using t ictural angle and fit a v +} ‘ ‘ nsfe} howr tical upright mndarnaath ‘ ide f the Thi nitnmaticalls angie t! ed be f t tate ype f a ra? ers are l an pu is! ivallable; the type 202 for medium The rounds tubing ranging fror that the balls find other 1 to 3 out le diamet ind r th load } } he i ati rit ata out section the wheel. Anyone with welder car the fact tha the wheel with this apparatu inder licen peed the bett the thi company the machi sirable drive the belt ith transformer complete can fur that case entar ticking, nished this company.” lock il revised draft of recommendatior covering grinding wheels, been mailed the simplified practice velo} division the Bureau Standards all interests the industry for view. New wheel sizes that are now universal use have been added the simplified list, and the tables list | ing standard wheels of various type have been rearranged facilitate ting any particular wheel. The Du t Re covering & Conv ing equipment. office estab ls, Belgium, under management Tevo, nsulting industria! engineer. The company has Corpn., Ltd., Stockton-« gas and chemical plant eng neer and constructor, Great Britain and overseas fully guaranteeing adequate ment the sling fittings. Its stru ture provides round sling body ing tendency soften the rope strand wire rope, braided to forn flexible compact, flat surface, with Radial Roller Bearings body approximately two cable diam diameters width, according TUN rit ( ng \lso. since the contact of a roller pout B 1, Ind., manutactu IS many times that of a ba l, the bear ’ rollers this tvpe quired for this type sling, its ligt ne ) ? \ ere the a sign will hooks, Being flat, it is easily Having the int tself larger bearing and cated from beneath loads and its like surface provides the greatest tact with the material being handl tor motors, Its flexibility and ease handlin boiler shop, tube mill and stone basket hitches, this endless element equally distributes the load throug the entire sling from hook hook i Wa Combination Drum and Braided Wire Slings combination drum and car-puller illustrated design now pe, and one lav. road cars either direction and Co., pirally interwoven unique meth slow rope speed. The machine built nated Atlas and which all the multiple the Fridy Hoist Machinery Co., spotting cars 500 tons, With this equipment one has control all car replacement 4 } 4 4 For long hauls, from 300 900 ft., asbestos-lined friction clutch and improved screw thrust, which are said operating lever. This protects both the motor and the operating mechan ism against excessive overloads three-way sling with adjustable length legs (at left) has starting heavy haul breaking strength 300 tons. The four-way slings, one with rope speed. triple spur-gear driv 100-ft. legs and two with 20-ft. legs, have breaking strength cast steel furnished, this gearing 100 tons being inclosed housing 932—The Iron April 21, 1932 | j Ord. corru- gated sheets 4 Aig LA LA A / = 4 Double sheets 2h Triple sheets The single corrugated eet shown th