The Iron Age 1932-03-31: Vol 129 Iss 13

..THE IRON AGE.. NEW YORK, MARCH 31, 1932 TABLISHED 1855 “Normal” Cost —A Key to Stable Overhead Charges a ih, Mt T is a common complaint that overhead is high in dull times and low in boom times cannot follow the sharp up and down swings of overhead expenditures states, is to establish a ‘normal’ basis for charging overhead into costs Yet prices The way out, the author The first step is to determine ‘normal’ plant operations—an average for a representative num ber of years—and then to ascertain the “normal” overhead charge. Applying this charge in flush times will result in building up an overhead reserve in excess of normal requirements dull periods will result in overhead deficits which will be deducted from the reserve Overhead expenses, Mr Applying it in Frank states, should not include the cost of carrying excess capacity iurer, Cincinnati F By THOMAS B. FRANK ' ré y j ‘ ra rure w he ich rate } rpost f erhead charg: The 1 t ne tT at mS ( ) he a mediu Ise Ast arison a more reasor ‘ { Ue nally ex t i ne Cy ( ' y oY Tie t appli How All Items of Overhead Shou | Be Computed | { N Prices Cannot Follow Rise in pare : ‘ Y i i Overhead \ differer ( licate a Capat pe ( nachine, absorbing >} [ rr ! n ¢ ense The « , a gv amounts absor \ ding to the hours operated. 7 ] i ‘ +t, ‘ »? } +} ' er” and “under” absorbed amou Dé I about balance for a I y ? ] 4 ‘ Ue i isual cust accounting ! | . , ) +} i ! l iT e” eT ead i ne nd I é re i rh rocedu ct \ ’ , . il pum 17 ' NNT I nw r fo) l i all 4 I ir ( l arial I r ¢ . ( I ( ea I feel that res¢ f \ i ] re ] n tne < | ( \ f ) ( rat ne arla ( : ‘ ntir ecour The 1 . ne pe n l ( y } t y ; Lurnis! aluapdie l ALI WI i ’ f 7 ; i Liriy iccurale ( I e detern it r f the I <A ’ neludit overhead cha «A 1 ‘ I : j se . a \ 11a na ! ? ( eel, ibiec ! il mat al i } Ca I } | +} ef inge alle ‘ ed ‘ } ba : I ! i til ( 1 1d 0) () lifferent, t nt el KT i nf nat ic! ( are th actual plant peratio il net i l l if yea Pe a ta ! I iry Capacity and Exce (Capacity Beryllium Adds Strength to Copper The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—767 MACHINING THE BUICK CAMSHAF 768—The Iron Age, March 31, 1932 ++ By BURNHAM FINNEY Detroit Editor, The Iron Age wing this operation, camshaf loaded on skids and packed in ei for carburizing The tube ure from 8 in. steel pipe and are 41 yng, each one holding seven ; natt B eal I tf - at crane ine re 1) e( T . nats . narging end oT iT ry ) 1) ad re . mshnatt cal ng fur! nial I imshaft narder Y r { ; ' th the « f+ , nd he ure heated . te T ct of 140 150 deg a : ne! I I lution geal end of the furnace They ar f A 1 N . nar red in gas-fire lraw fur? le [he Dp ! peal b i a hing machi annealed in a gas-fired annealing irlat cid and rimsed i nace, after which the camshaft vater prior to passing tested for hardness and clean | ating er ' oa : Both ends of the camshaft ar ited A fte 1 5 1 centered on a 14-in. two-spindle I il a tL goe , 1 , re erved by a heavy-duty 1 nveyor Che drill press is equ ad ‘ , h a special tool for the recent r} \ third straightening o} Continuous Type Carburizing Furnace , f . ‘te, camshaft Employed traightened to 0.008 in. on at ‘he ca ind ¢ ntri are rouy flexible power press Here nd finish turned on a cam lath ; haft is inspected AMSHAFTS ar put through continuous carburiz ing furnace in ste tubes 41 in. lon each of which hol seven camshaft Q UGH grinding of ms on a cam grinder rv wv i! y noe ling roug! ’ y iring 1 iy y ete! I a on it! tne real ‘ pe millin y nda eccentri il ) of al } F ror anc , ' ) ( ~~ An tm CINISH grinding of ams on a hydrau mm grinder The Iron March 31, 1932—769 ve ige, th freedom from jer for forming the 770—The Iron CORE CONVEYOR PROMOTES ECONOMY OORDINATION of conveyor speed to core setters’ requirements elimination of annoyance and lost time resulting from core racks being spotted inconveniently or moved, and assembly of all the cores needed for an engine block are outstanding features of a conveyor recently installed by the Link-Belt Company for the American Foun dry Co., Indianapolis, Ind. This conveyor passes from one building to another, affording head clearance where practicable and it dips to working levels at loading and unloading stations. Its installation conserves much floor space formerly needed for core trucks By THORPE E. WRIGHT, M.E. Link-Belt Co Indianapolis en 1d de. 1 ( , 0 lon r a ( I length ‘ ill I is que ned | nti I lsation in a conveyor of this leng ? ne el i ! ir ng tl! 1ed trays around tne evera rockets. Operation, however, has een so smooth that no cylinder core been tipped. The conveyor has illy eliminated damage to fir d cores and from that one stand tific [ nstallation After passing the coremaker'’ the conveyor travels upward mum elevation permissibl n passing through the inclosed pa ewa o the main foundry build ng. There a second upward turn i I and the conveyor passes hori tally around a stairway to permit traveling parallel to the building all, in a cation which interfere » Tloun ry operation, to the fir I here ore il to e remove At tl poil he nvé di nient ‘ Atlor I un i nd horizo along the lilding w - % far end of t nd lildir her il ) irda ( rve il rour air of roc} v h e Tie ? rT ? ’ t tne I that it passes back throug! I trusse without interfering in an way with other equipment in th plant This return run drops, to pass through the enclosed areaway be- tween the foundry and the core build- terial ‘fF ell and helpers ing, and at this elevation pas around the core room to the dri after whi h the conveyor drops to convenient location for receiving n from the torage racks a1 coremake: as previously outlin The drive consists of a variable spe transmission with hand chain for « trolling the speed at which the eyor operates. No difficulty has been experien coordinating the speed of the « eyor with the requirements of core setters. The variable speed trol permits change necessary in operatin half capacity over the noon pe! avings ected by this trolley conveyor. no longer necessary for core sett in conveyor spt . } lan? y the plan A number of intangible to reach around through the core r cores they want. Nor must the} n mind the possibility that the will be moved, nor need they icks to obtain ] or the lift truck which former 1 source of con rable annoyal not only to the ec é I l employees making us¢ f the aisles. Only one ore sette1 carry cores farther with the ynve ystem, as installed, than witl system of lift trucks and racks. 7 ndividual sets only small cores that he is neither slowed nor lr vente need. Coremakers place a completed upon the conveyor, without tur around, as was necessary with rack system, and it is never neces to transport the heavy cores by h TWEEN work sta- tions the cores conveyed over- resulting in vation of floor space al eLbee. a This conveyor drops down to working levels at loading and unloading stations 4 ’ t Vv g . . ‘ : ENGTH 7IOFEET N and elevation yp TROLLEY SPACING 24 INCHE A wing core con “ON TIN f NDRY TRAY SPACING 48 INCHES cation in the as a - ; ae oe m and in th MOLD CONVEYOR SPEED 6 TO 24 FEET PER MINUTE e f undry The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—~77]1 COMBINATION FORGE FURNACEIA em eM ee pe ntr for operating combined forge furnace and steam boiler appear at lower right, water regulator near top of boiler and gas re sround. At left is the fan to supply air for complete combustion partly burned gases from the furnace 772—The lron Age. March 31, 1932 ee ore a t re aaa Burners and nn d in ti im han nicn are ee Pe manifold sulator in center fore in the boiler of the erve \ wo ga fired forge naces These furnace are bu combination with tubular. vert team boilers, both resting on a framework so designed that the box ot the boiler nests into the uy backwall of the furnace. The heat flows through an opening ir back wall directly into the fire One of these boilers is 20 hp. and other 30 hp. furnace sets about 2 ft. al boiler ee Each the floor and the are nicely fitted, bolted and cem« together. The furnace is of construction iv in ot firebi heavily insulated hearth It is heated with thre burners on each side (six in ring tangentially against the ar and staggered so as not to fire each other. The burners are of nozzle mixing type, air being supp by blower at 4-in. pressure, whic} equal to the gas pressure at point Each boiler has an auxiliary burner to which air is supplied f: the same manifold. The gas-air ire for the furnace burners scaling. He the b ducing, to minimize to complete combustion in firebox and not smother the bi surner flame, an excess of air ided through the auxiliary bu The wast product of coml na eave th ol i tac! p of the boiler. This combination forge furn: ean oiler equipped t 1utomaticallvy through a ean ure control which, in turn, regu the volume of fuel to the aux burner and three of the f burne This l \ tag it n e first age cons! n nt Live a \ ( e bel } d ( ng Ll? he eam ! WI | tean lt rist bi lve hu +} il? The by-pass lin ins betwe n air supply ! and ala th, burns TI I secon tage Lo! ire from the by-pass to he diaphragi keeps th n and the burners firing. A cf}AND STEAM BOILER SAVES FUEL a tm te ~ An & By J. B. NEALEY AKING the fuel do double work always _ reduces costs. By combining heating furnaces with waste-heat boilers, a forge shop has made 3 saving of 22 per cent in fuel consumption. Control between the two units is automatic, with the gas burners cutting in or ut as needed. Use of a steam iccumulator, to effect still further economies, is suggested This would permit installation f fewer or smaller boilers while still caring for peak loads The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—77 BEARING METALS AS MADE Anobhi Fig. | Photomicrograph (500 diameters showing the epsilon tin-copper crystal n with the inner darker formation of SnCu the hardest tin-c pper formation 1i4 The Iron ige. March 31, 193? What ( onstitule bearing Metal I nake ‘ } crystal TI bold relief micré ibseq 1¢ =f 1¢ of various alloys h had give ! ! ‘ it wa nat hard ery ar nat tn f wa d ndent i Other things eater load al relief n that roper in surface Co! the light of tl nt conaucte Ha y . i dify nar in LOY Wwe nvire ma red the endency arni f oO Ca copper qa not by tl tin and \ An alloy cont tin to produce the hard 1 bearing meta 8 uining the same ps I not. In the bror n alloys, we have a naradne between the oitest cry tal. These ikewise made up of diff proportions, owing oT the tin 1 luring tne process. On the the brass, the copper have one crystal only. made listropical effects, the iif ill ferent compositions ed manganese bronze, more Vy manganese brass, for the re it they so nearly represent ructure o ommon bra earing alloys The same degree ] true ( alun nze i ich comp¢ ions \ net] lifferent ervstal eX] ilpha and beta Che differ between these two cry rht that, in general, alumi! ( inn ( nsid« red Fig. 2.—Photomicrograph (500 diameters showing the normal eutectoid form of th delta crystal in a bronze not containing nickel tO separate Ul . ly cooling I ) ot r a » micro copically con up of the same chem omposition and has, except for slig same deg hardness throughout, and for tl reason brass is not a bearing meta ‘DFUSED TODAY ters f th inins By C. H. BIERBAUM Vice-president Lumen Bearing Co., Buffalo, N. Y a Bad Effect of Heat Treatment 3.—Photomicrograph (500 diameters howing the non-eutectoid hard crystal in nze containing an excess of one per cent of nickel Journal and Bearing Should Pol N this comprehensive review of essential facts regarding present day bearing metals, presented at a conference on metals and alloys in Cleveland, emphasis is placed on the fact that hard and soft microscopic particles, intimately mixed, are necessary to insure a satisfactory product. Chemical composition, the author states, is not a final criterion of bearing value. The metal must have the proper microstructure, and this may be seriously disturbed by heat treatment Short-time laboratory tests of bearing metal are condemned as being without value Among improvements in bearing metals, nickel phosphor bronze is particularly commended. Late developments likely to have far reaching effects on this industry include nitriding and chromium plating The author concludes with a protest against improper tooling Each Other Fig. 4—This photomicrograph at 100 di ameters reveals a tooled surface of soft babbitt with a steel tool carefully lapped with depth and feed of cut 0.002 in The Tron Age, March 31, 1932- Fig. 5.—Structure tal as in Fig. 4 diamond 440 The March 31 1932 lron ive. | Mechar Society of 1c ind tha ( he American ( \ ( Enginee inn eem exceedir pparent nprobable that laboratory ace ervice tests can ever give Ol ‘ i oO al i faction, owing to tl! ba are f ilty reproducing, in a few ian livalent of mar 1 ndition I ou t \) ! much more can De n steel] } dy f failures ar tion Ww 1d I a pearing \ tne rna vhich | ry T nt fact ? ey ( cept i oO? nel od tr ¢ 1] of the same piece of but tooled with a sharp 1) diameters AV | ill Beneficial Effect of Nickel (one in ! me! n ring e ni | pl I e! ind WII roduge 1 i ‘ al ‘ ppe I i ysica ropertti of ne resu ( are Male 1 ! I I é in tin t earing iu ( e im ‘ y hat tl ’ l l ‘ WN l har rine ne i i I Lust rd or delta «¢ form in a solid mass fon : nt] and 3). One per c CKE present will cause the de rmation t lose its eutectoid st1 re and torm a a solid hard ma I ipl i microhardness of tf rd ! not apprecial her than a solid spot on the « 1 { th re iltant solid n natior a 1 greater abrasik anc nd ynsequently ul ( f ea ng meta wo New Developments—Nitridir and Chrome Plating i i two new mie ill lr ( en nat ma have i reaching effect upon both bear ind performance They 1e¢ nitra ind cnrom | Intere ne teature n additior 7 irdne ( he nitrided nitra riace Is it extreme degre : nogeneity, an argument distinct « favor of this material over that cl case-hardened surfaces. In the same manner, a chrome p l ‘ yne member of a beat 7 e) romising. This will be | cially si I hrome plating ‘ en de op 1 point for: itisfactor irface produced at Is irface tnat a an Lr from extreme crac ! atisfacto1 irfaces have | duced, both a gards hard! 1 oh genelt At the pre é ' weve! ere af&re l] fi rat ! 1] i om ol whic! e ca may mm prove al if ; f * } UFACTURING COLD ROLLED STAINLESS STRIP STEEL By F. L. PRENTISS Cleveland Ed-tor, The Iron Ag: . a HE successful cold rolling of oti ~ Seemed ry — a stainless strip steel presented consists of a 20-in. cold problems not encountered in the three stan rrange cold rolling of plain carbon ‘A , mal ao ' steel. How these problems wers solved by the Republic Steel ‘in ne Corpn. is related in this article init for the manufacture of which describes the equipment chrome nickel st he and operation of the stainless e] nas a capacity for making st strip cold rolling plant of this ru ' se ‘ee Puasa, company, which was put int operation early this year in Massillon, Ohio 1ce in which stainless steel strip is normalized before being cold rolled. The strip is drawn through the furnace by the reels shown at the right Pieces are held together with a rivet and the ends are cut off by the shear that is shown. From here the coils go to a pickling room The Tron Age, March 31, 1932 f in. cold rolling mill stands. A movable recoiler handled by a jib crane is provided. This is set back of the secon third stand. The use of the recoiler increases the flexibility of the mill annealed i ontinuous fu ribed as being generally circuit Ww! Li? aces between reductions, this taking \ feature of the layout is the pr tf annealing in a closed pot ion of an extensive overhead nace that is necessary betweer veyor system consisting of mono reduction n making ain carbor tracks and cranes equipped with 1' led stec lb. electric hoists. These are ha onomit n production are ef pushed on their tracks, naving the plant well a The first two 20-in. mills are 4-} : : routing the work fro mills with 20-in. face by 15-in. — eration 1% peratio1 The triy meter rolls. The back-up rolls { mi reac! he ul 0 in. in diameter. Rolls of the tl nt from the hot mill until it mill or finishing stand are 9% ir I i l rea ! p diameter and have 25 in. diar ver a route that may be d bacl up rolls These mills have 1 ot vel screw de wns. Strip 0.125 in. in thickness i 1 d iceG Ih mE eres these mills to 0.050 in. « 0.060 in. thickness in one pass thr the three mill stands and then annealed before further reduction Me F reducing the strip to 0.025 in. tl ness the practice is to reduce it ’ ‘ 0.125 to 0.050 in. by one pass thi the three stands, then anneal it, a which it is further reduced t required thickness. The speed of \ mill ranges from 85 to 125 ft. per 1 } For the first passes the co through the mill from a coil box. ucceeding passes it is placed pay off reel This reel, which designed by the company, is equ]] th a lever for holding the st | t, but no great tension is ap] Fe ? ) lling . } Gret tu mill ctande a ( wo mill ands a ers and the distance bet 4 y- and third stands is 2! Specially designed polishing machine for cleaning scale from strip after coil pickling and ng room for a movab p 5 f : before rolling ler, which is set back of either The fron Age. March 31, 1932 nd or third stand. A jib crane which is mounted a tramrail car- i and electric hoist is located at side of the second and thi | is on the delivery side for mov- the recoiler from one position t other and for handling coils t j trucks that carry them to th aling furnaces. The use of the er increases the flexibility o ill, for the first two stands may ed for reducing one lot f stee other material of perhaps rent width may be going throug! third stand at the same time. If teel is being passed through al stands, heavier material usual ind on a spool on the recoiler the lighter material is coiled or layer of paper 1s r lled between eel as it is rolled on the reels oiler to prevent the steel from ng scratched by surface contact paper is fed between the stee! rolls located on a swinging arn ide of the coiling equipment mill room is served by a 13-to1 yn “ye eereer . and electric traveling cran first two mill stands were built t e United Engineering & Foundry r ind the third by the E. W. Bl The former company also sup ( a small mill for light reductio1 1 ib Kes lille aia View in the coil pickling room showing the conveying equipment. Coils are handled with electric hoists and there are two tramrail tracks over the pickling tank so that two coils na a 2-high mill with 18-in A may be pickled at a time 6-1In. wide rolls Strir is thir \ O06 ? ha heer e” I Ul ar rie T ! ’ rane iT ‘ I nce it startes ‘ : } i Tt ive ive r Norma ing r ? as m ¢ 1/ ' led rl} n¢ +) i ne i I neé a natural ga ‘ Ul n 100 ft. ce f f ’ ’ J ( ) ( ) - Y a continuous pickling machines which operate in connection with the continuous annealing. Strip leaving the discharge end of the annealing furnaces at the right passes through the tanks of the continuous picklers after which it is scrubbed and dried The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—779 t Coast Fabricators | Complete New Plant a eer i ed a nev electrically welded steel pipe per ling unit and a sepa the welding shop is perhaps the rated by the Gallagher nteresting feature of this new pl: the manufacture ot largely because it is reported t n ym the most modern unit in this ty} teel fabrication. It is 750 x 12( icture nclude a weld and is equipped to produce pipe ictural shop, pontoo a diameter of 22 in. and larget hop, erection equip well as tanks and other tubular eq se, and a main ware ment ranes, some with run- A pre-heating unit and vertical long, a span of 90 feet, ping kettle are important feat of 25 tons, aid In moy giving this plant a unique pi and finished pieces. in the southern California steel ind of a mile of large try. The pipe is heated to 40 780 The Tron ige. March Si, Testing the 1932 completed pipe lengths by hydraulic pressure E pipe welding yp has a capacity mile of large eter, electrically ed steel pipe per day. NTERIOR of one of the main fabri cating bays showing plate planer at right and bending rolls in background the horiz with natura rc URNACE for preheating large diameter welded pipe which is to be dipped A 30 in. diam eter pipe be ng removed from the underground kettle, which is 5 ft. deep. Dipped lengths drying at right The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—7841 MONEY SAVING IDEAS! Cuts Assembling Costs Uses Group Payment DI rian , Apnar Fetes uractul universal join has ' group contract plan for ] € ple Fac init I l } ~ y da dent group which m: ‘ roreman and inspect h group picks its leade é it time-keepin y pays its ov pectors 1 it ( C tivé pay a ] ed A ( I p1ece pI « Eliminates Set-Up Time OST small milling machine M may be equipped with a re 1 cost. This permits the setting up of the work on one side of the table vhile a cutting operation is in olving table at smal progress on the other side. Such a device often entirely eliminates the time required for the setting up because the operator uses what would be idle time othe1 WIS€ (82—The Iron Age, March 31, 1932 Normalizing Before Heat Treatment JOBBING forge shop has corrected warping of com ited pleces under heat treat y normalizing to remove before tempering. The ings are in the heavy class 1 the steel used is an alloy > carbon, .050 man e and about 1.50 chromium he normalizing temperature oi 0 deg. Fahr., is held for eight yurs and the pieces are then lowed to cool in still air to 0 deg. Fahr., when they are turned to the furnace for the ir temperins equence Double Conveyors Speed Production A“ RENCH manufacturer has greatly increased hi production by providing each o} g erator in the grinding depart ment with two roller conveyors, The parts to e ground arrive in tote boxes in ne on each side ne conveyor and the finished parts depart by gravity in other tote boxes on the opposite con- VOT Brackets Prevent Cracks . use of brackets to avoid cracks at the junction between light and heavy sections of al loy castings has proved an econ omy in the case of a foundry spe cializing in chrome and nickel alloys. The brackets are re moved with an electric torch at a total expense equal to about half the former loss due to cracks. Makes Bolts to Keep Busy LOCOMOTIVE repair instead of laying off met cided to manufacture its ow! bolts, and the plan has wort so well that it is extendins business to supply an outside mand. Many shops other t railroad might find this a plan rn 2 Foundry Uses Roller Conveyors ROLLER conveyor syste has been installed with su cess in a large jobbing found: The conveyors are standardiz and made up in sections so th they may be switched from < ocation to another to take c of changing conditions in shop. The rollers are maintai! at about 12 in. above the fi level. Molds, castings and sct are handled throughout the p! by these conveyors + 61 Adds Chromium for Machinability MANUFACTURER expe menting to determine t machinability of high chror iron alloys has found a mark variation in the properties different alloys corresponding a relatively slight variation the chromium content. In « case he found that an 18 per ce chromium alloy casting was 1 machinable unless double a nealed. However, by merely : creasing the amount of chrot ium to 24 per cent, he obtain: a readily machinable alloy. Ce tain physical properties unesse tial for his use were altered the added chromium. iro ain C4 2S5¢ ed KS In Castings manager of a die castin gives 15 reasons metal tempera rrect; 2, die temperatur rrect; 3, inside diamete itside diameter of insert i] ncentric; 4, die not lined y; 5, machine not lined 6, wear in dowel pins ing upper half of die to lightly when beins 1; 7, hole in insert fittin: ugly on core so that when withdrawn strain is put ting; 8, hole in insert too allowing metal to flow be insert and core; 9, outside ter of insert fitting to in sleeve core, causing when core is withdrawn; ide diameter of insert tox permitting metal to flow n insert and sleeve; 11, Ire pin in insert; 12, cast naining in die too long be jecting; 13, under-cut in ised through closing die ps or flashes from previous 14, wear in ejector guides, casting to be ejected and, 15, upset end of Layer ers Grain Structure fHEN using a salt bath fi innealing one manager of treating department is to have the salt com i melt at a temperature but below the operating rature. When this is the he salt freezes about the ork as it is immersed and zen layer then melts off metal comes up to the de temperature. In this way ozen salt layer acts as a n against the sudden high erature with resultant im- ment in grain structure. |) Weldless Turnbuckles FORGE shop has de 1 method of makir re © < @ © OO Ww | ] veidle rn ICKI¢€ A é ré € ti . , ‘ | lat ‘ 1¢ f é usin é irninge the wat 1 ‘te. ite € €a > > ’ 1 | A 4 ) il ict ‘ et of straight di 1 ' ‘ no tl : tion completes the Ss ; } - L kle The trick in develo; y ] } ethod has been in dé the stral ht dies t ig nt ll 1 formin } o ges ic rining f pe } rtion nst Color Indicates Axe Temper A.. a small but successtu manufacturing plant t] manager himself is an expert , lardener and temperer thus able to step in at n ment’s notice in case the regular yperator is absent. The axes are placed in an oil-fired furnace that part only is heated to high temperature. A portion exten trom the bit edge inward > ised to a cherry red heat and c then quenched in brine and ifterward ground. If the ten perature has been right, the grinding will reveal a blue streak at the base of the bit. Axes with his blue streak are placed in second or draw furnace and left there until the blue streak grad ially rises and spreads to covet the entire bit. After this th are quenched a second time water at room temperature. Tl] manager says he is careful t ullow for dark or cloudy wea when judging the cherry red temperature. The Gold Plating Not Expensive e' INTRARY t I met p I t Wit u Ci¢ tiy ) wa T é t OI! ot ltaDle lt ' > { eS Biss 5 ‘ , sold niat iy € e Vil Wi< tnree ents a surtace toot \ rr ’ 7? . hoa I nanutacture na i | , i l€ Vvitn a capa t i } ides er nou! TA Tt Tt > } ’ ( neede I tré ng its operatio Thi : : 1y tnat the trick In OW id plating 1s to secure ] etetiy! ‘ : old IS Wastelul a l etter than the thinnest part and et may carry twice is old as if the entire ylate I thin and uniform. Steel part 1 7 ‘ t be ¢g ld plated are u t bra plated, then poli 1 then ld plated. The é or gold iro tne in 1 iport int ec¢ G7 Ask Help on Lubrication is BRICATION problen modern machine shop at from simple and some shop en have devoted much tin the study of oil compositior oil behavior under varyins } ditions. One authority ha Udll t ned ‘ 7 ; e tal fn ‘ LO ne i ( u gested transferring this burden of investigation to the manutat turers of lubricating Chi yuld be done by specifying a lefinite performance when Duy It is the old story of c yperation with those who supply naterial Let these supplie! n 1 our problem ind thet dded experience may turn the 1dd¢ experience may i trick to your advantage March 31, 1932 Iron Age, 783 iwo 4 / he Speed Kan VMar« h n t = en r} iting LL1OT hrough th To assure adequat trengt! ! nal and rigidity the bed is made with a « \ vill 1 I top. providing a complete box Iirrent nl tion: it-3 further strengthens ribbing and numerous cross g rigvidit t The bed j made of close gt rral with emi-steel having a tensile str hea walled ind if 47.000 lb Carriage guides, \ hea r n¢ ( ne I large 90 e} diate o1 Vee and one na r one at the the pindle at { ind a flat 5-in. wide a tne real tw \ AC 1 Wit! ardened steel Striy twin 1 mini The rear flat at tk nd ind vay i ed considerably tir \ vy ’ y t y tne ' how t} tral ¢ ’ l a } eal i HE contact points of th three jaws of the follow rest, shown above, a tipped with tantalum bide WO separate spindle ° speed ranges are pro vided, 70 changes directly through the motor and 7( through back-gears, or 140 changes in all. Headstock lubrication is entirely auto matic an & & MplLathe to Use Carbide Tools ge. March 31 Production Lathe Using Carbide To Has Speeds Up to 2400 R.P.M. Seaton Fig. 4.—The taper attachment is of new design. When close accuracy is required t bar is clamped through nut Z for the finish cut The design of jetails of this i lathe, devel ped mented carbide lifter from that usual production The machine ha f 16 in. and 1 9 25-hp. var j < ed motor Speed 150 to 6 btained back-gears and trom € t 240K { t Germany Applies Tariff é on Used Machinery Spiral Bevel Gear Data is Be elical gears in the head ar w ide ind th pindle, mounted in Timken bearings unusually liminating deflection under severe operating condit The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—787 Hold Fast to Established Principles By MYRON C. TAYLOR N a recent address betore the Boston Chamber (_ommet ¢ nere ibstracted Taylor, chairm United State inde d ige Varch 31 Foreign Steel Prices DisturbfA ® e e ) ’ p Y ) ‘ ’ ) ’ ’ , ’ no | t at ! y y r f > a e of l I ipprox 1Lely 2 price at which he reintoreing da MUSE ; 1 r 7 ( ti } , , ‘ y ‘ injure . ite \ ports direct ) ] . ( LLTeé I ! \ Tl i i } l Q ‘ t I ‘ New Yor , ’ | no reig rate i } . f . ' f rorelgy r |] { 1 eC iftfer . ‘ y ro} no r Lin 4 iice ‘ . ) > 10% .o Oy t ¢ ( ng foreign purchases wa ne tin plate Some f neric on the Pacific Coa 4 y } | iantity of Welsh plat a ‘ >& } . \ it 250.000 base boxe at } a mati? $3 | ! Da ; r iva ta iT 34 These Y nia ’ t ’ r¢ erin ng ( } t rt At A} I y t ; a f ; t } ft (aT 2 lsnat unt! 1S reaicate Tir te ny? r over tf } y ne ‘ i T 1 i t ‘ ( I yf int! ( I \ T Dp a “I In try exer ed Ove ow ! I r car t! > ’ "nT? T T Foreign Pr es : ’ 1 ? rie ) her =f ( \ ougt no tur ey ‘ I n plate I i I Of) The tron ioe Mare $/ 193? bh{Markets; Steel Industry to Support Hawley Bill Pacific Coast Feels Foreign Competition Keen, Particu- larly on Bars, Shapes and Wire Products The fron Age. March 31, 1932 791 “ Buy American” Bi Introduced in Hou ... OFF THE ASSEMBLY LINE... . . IN, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler Ready to Open Sales Drive PERSONALS... > The Iron Age. March 31, 1932 New York Central Obtains Loan of $4,399,000 5a) Cunningham Heads Chicago Metal Trades mco Officers | xpect 7 | slow Improvement Lackaw anna Road Starts Spring Work \\ Trade Commission Reports on Basing HINGTON Man Continental Steel Prices Go Lower in Keen Competition nch, Belgian and Luxemburg Mills in Contest for Export Business—Soviet Places 200,000 Tons in Germany Fabricated Steel Orders Gained in February iidwin-Southwark Builds Big Telescope Mounting > ae ey ae es . “— es, =N di, ey 355 Oi a all oe The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—797 r+ 3 “ e AA T ; > ca Rr e ¥ 4 \ r+ OMNMENT tomotive ( ) nts Challenge SION A »? “ Bill tio The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—799 the iron and steel industry four years ago when he was made chair- man of the finance committee of the United States Steel Corpn., Myron C. Taylor has now been elected chairman of the board, thereby assuming the two-fold position formerly held by the late Elbert H. Gary. The official an- nouncement of the election included the following statement: At the regular monthly meeting of the directors of the United States Steel Corpn. today (March 29), J. P. Morgan asked the board to agree to his retirement from the chairmanship, which he had assumed at the request of the board as an interim measure following the death of the late peng one tipee unknown in Judge Gary. Mr. Taylor’s election did not come as a surprise. He has been recognized as the de facto head of the Steel Cor- poration for some time. And he has come to be widely known by his deeds rather than his words. Unlike his predecessor, Judge Gary, he is re- served in temperament and averse to interviews. While his public pro- nouncements have been few, they have been uniformly of high quality, re- flecting broad vision and considered judgment. He has a faculty for pene- trating analysis and clarity of thought. He has the rare ability of broadly grasping the essentials of a many- sided problem and correctly interpret- ing their significance. He has shown equal capacity as financier, executive and arbiter of policies. He has a rec- ord of accomplishment that will be even more evident in its results in the future than it has been to date. Mr. Taylor’s outstanding achieve- ment as chairman of the finance com- mittee was the retirement in 1929 of the Steel Corporation’s bonded in- debtedness. Less widely heralded but no less important were the measures he took to round out the corporation’s properties, modernize its plants and strengthen its personnel. Companies purchased included the Atias-Portland Cement Co., New York, the Oil Well Supply Co., Pittsburgh, and the Columbia Steel Corpn., San Francisco, the latter acquisition mak- ing the Steel Corporation literally na- tional in scope so far as the distri- bution of its plants is concerned. In the field of plant construction and modernization the corporation was conspicuous in both 1930 and 1931, at once contributing to employment and business and showing faith in a great- er and more profitable future for steel with the passing of the depression. With relation to labor the Steel Corporation showed an enlightened attitude, but one based on realities rather than theories. Early in the depression it rotated employment to give a maximum number of em- 800—The Iron Age, March 31, 1932 Myron C. Taylor Elected Chairman of the Board of United States Steel Corpn. ployees work. Its policy was epitom- ized by Mr. Taylor before the Ameri- can Iron and Steel Institute in Oc- tober, 1930, when he said: “Let it be said of the steel industry that none of its men was forced to call upon the public for help.” Reduction of wage rates was deferred until Oct. 1, 1931, when a cut of 10 per cent was put into effect. To strengthen Corporation person- nel new pension rules were put into effect on May 1, 1931, under which all male employees, including officers, are retired at the age of 70, while female employees are retired at the age of 60. Mr. Taylor’s membership in the finance committee of the Steel Cor- poration dates back to September, 1925. Hence he was by no means a stranger to the steel industry when he was made chairman of the com- mittee in December, 1927. He brought to the Steel Corporation wide experi- ence as an attorney and corporation executive. Born in Lyons, Wayne County, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1874, Mr. Taylor is a direct descendant of John Taylor, Puritan colonist, who settled in Mass- achusetts in 1660, and of Capt. John Underhill, one of the earliest mili- tary leaders of the American colonies, who was a native of Stratford-on- Avon, England. Captain Underhill came first to Massachusetts and later settled in Locust Valley, Long Island, on the estate which is now the coun- try home of Mr. Taylor. Graduating from Cornell Univer- sity in 1894 as bachelor of laws, Mr. Taylor was admitted in the next year to the New York bar. He soon became interested in the textile business, his first organizations some twenty or twenty-five years ago including the Bay State Mills located at Lowell and Newburyport, Mass. Later he organ- ized the Boston Yarn Co., a textile- selling unit, and through various con- solidations became a factor in other important cotton textile enterprises. In 1914 Mr. Taylor and his immediate as- sociates built or acquired control of the Passaic Cotton Mills at Passaic, N. J., the Peabody Mills at Newbury- port, Mass., the Rotch Mills, the New Bedford Spinning Co. and the Pen- rod Mills at New Bedford, Mass., and the Sanford Spinning Mills at Fall River, Mass. These mills represented one of the largest groups in the coun- try engaged in the manufacture of cotton fabrics. In recent years Mr. Taylor has withdrawn his active in- terest from these organizations, and has given his attention to other cor- porate affairs, in addition to his con- nection with the Steel Corporation, being president, Myron Taylor & Co., Inc.; director of the First National Bank of New York, the First Security Co., the New York Central Railroad Co., the West Shore Railroad Co., the American Telephone & Telegraph Co., the Metropolitan Opera & Real Es- tate Co. and the Lehigh & Wilkes- Barre Corpn.; director and member of the executive committee of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Rail- way Co.; and trustee and member of the finance committee of the Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York. He is a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the American Revoluton, and St. Nicholas Society, and is trustee of the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. He has memberships in a number of clubs and is a Quaker. General Motors Merges Buick and Olds Activities General Motors Corpn. has an- nounced that the manufacturing ac- tivities of the Buick Motor Co., Flint, Mich., and the Olds Motor Works, Lansing, Mich., have been consoli- dater under the direction of I. J. Reuter, who will assume the title of general manager. Production forces of the Oakland Motor Car Co., Pon- tiac, Mich., will be coordinated with those of the Chevrolet Motor Co., De- troit, under W. S. Knudsen. Sales of Buick, Oldsmobile and Pon- tiac cars will be consolidated under Mr. Reuter, with R. H. Grant as vice- president in charge of sales. Mr. Reuter has recently been general manager of the Oakland company and previously was head of the Olds di- vision. Mr. Knudsen has been presi- dent and general manager of the Chevrolet company since 1924. Hollow Electrode Furnace Reduces Ores to Steel Direct reduction of iron and other ores in a new type of electric fur- nace in the production of high-grade steels has recently been accomplished. The furnace is known as the Wiles hollow electrode furnace, invented by Sidney T. Wiles of Buffalo. The pat- ents and furnace are owned by the Buffalo Furnace Corpn., also located at Buffalo. Briefly, the ores are mixed in a finely divided condition with suitable reducing agents and are _ passed through the hollow electrode while the current is on, the reduction tak- ing place as the material passes through the electrode. Many heats of both plain carbon and alloy steel have been made, according to an arti- cle describing the furnace and the process in some detail, written by T. Holland Nelson, consulting metal- lurgist, Philadelphia, which will be published in THE IRON AGE in the near future. N | du vi stren ing | appe and wide reta! weel an ¢é fact ] per last Clev opel cur! One wh abo wit per SUMMARY OF THE WEEK’S BUSINESS Steel Ingot Output Again Declines; Tension Relieved by Ford Showing Industry’s Hope for April Revival Strengthened by Prospect of Renewed Activity in Motor Cars—Steel Price Composite Higher N the face of a further decline in steel ingot pro- duction, the industry has not lost hope for a re- vival of demand in April. This expectation is strengthened by the announcement of a public show- ing of the new Ford automobiles on Thursday, the appearance of the new Plymouth car on Saturday and the inauguration on the same day of a country- wide sales drive by General Motors. The test of retail demand for motor cars will come in the next week, and, if even moderately successful, will have an almost immediate reflection on automobile manu- facturing schedules and on steel mill operations. Ingot output has declined this week to about 22 per cent of the country’s capacity against 25 per cent last week. There has been a sharp falling off at Cleveland, where one plant has shut down all of its open-hearth furnaces, and lesser decreases have oc- curred in the Valleys and at Pittsburgh and Chicago. One of the medium-sized independent companies whose principal product is sheets is operating at about 39 per cent, but some of the larger companies, with more widely diversified capacity, are at 20 to 22 per cent. OTWITHSTANDING that the steel-making rate 5 has not been so low during the entire depression except for a brief period last December, the steel in- dustry believes that this is the “zero hour” and that new business, principally from the automobile in- dustry but to some extent from other sources, will lift operations appreciably during the next fortnight. Large orders from the Ford Motor Co., which have been looked for during the five weeks that have elapsed since the much-heralded Ford announcement of its new models, are expected momentarily. Some small orders have been placed, and makers of parts for Ford cars have issued releases of minor amounts. Volume production of Ford cars is now expected to begin the week of April 18, in which case some of the steel that requires two or three weeks for processing must be ordered almost at once. It is believed that the public showing of Ford cars was hastened by the campaign that General Motors has announced. The Chrysler and Chevrolet companies have placed second quarter steel contracts at reported increases in prices. § Ye: probability that the Federal budget will be balanced by some kind of a tax bill, the ironing out of difficulties with respect to financing of the railroads through the Reconstruction Finance Cor- poration and renewed automobile trade activity have somewhat relieved the tension that has existed in the steel industry during the past two weeks. There are frequent reports of prospective in- creases in expenditures by the railroads. Releases of track supplies are slowly growing, though rail orders are still insignificant. Building work has broadened in that more private projects are coming out, though public work still pre- dominates. However, financing difficulties and un- seasonable weather in some sections of the country are delaying factors in spring construction. Computed bookings of fabricated structural steel in February, as compiled by the Department of Commerce, showed a gain of 14,000 tons over February. Line pipe tonnage is beginning to appear, a Cali- fornia project requiring 10,000 tons of 12%4-in. pipe being at the closing point, while other pending busi- ness, involving larger amounts, may soon be in the market if financing is arranged. Tin plate is the only finished steel product to show any advance in rollings, the average for the country now being almost 45 per cent of capacity against 40 per cent last week. Upward of 60,000 tons of plates will be required for linings for tunnels to divert water during the construction of the Hoover Dam. Purchase probably will not be made until summer. This project raises the total of plate work now pending on the Pacific Coast to more than 100,000 tons. - HE steel industry is highly encouraged by the success thus far of its price stabilization move- ment. Notwithstanding that many buyers remain skeptical as to the final outcome, the steel companies are firmly quoting the new levels on second quarter business, and have taken a fair number of small or- ders in the past week at advances. During this period, however, some low-priced business against outstand- ing obligations has also been put on the mill books. With this business out of the way, the stage is set for the real test of the new prices. With the apparent establishment of 1.60c. a lb., Pittsburgh, on bars, plates and shapes, involving a $2 a ton advance announced about a month ago, THE IRON AGE composite of finished steel rises to 2.087c. a lb. from 2.044c. last week. The low point of the decline was 2.037c., the third week of January. The Iron Age, March 31, 1932—801 « «4 A Comparison of Prices 2 4 « Market Prices at Date, and One Week, One Month and One Year Previous, Advances Over Past Week in Heavy Type, Declines in Italics Py lron Mar. 29, Mar. 22, Mar. 1, Mar. 31, ama Mar. 29, Mar. 22, Mar. 1, Mar. 31, 8 1932 1932 1932' 1931 Finished Steel 1932 1932 1932’ 1931 Per Gross Ton: Per Lb. to Large Buyers: Cents Cents Cents Cents No. 2 fdy., Philadelphia . . $15.59 $15.59 $15.64 $17 76 Hot-rolled annealed sheets y » 3 _ °° 9¢ 9 5, 9 Or No. 2, Valley furnace.... ; 15.00 15.00 15.00 16.50 No. 24, Pitteaburg@h......... 2.20 2.20 2.15 2.25 No. 2 Southern. Cin’ti 13.82 13.82 13.82 14.19 Hot-rolled annealed _ sheets, a. ae ce Pe ee ——— No. 24, Chicago dist. mill.. 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.35 No. 2, Birmingham.......... 11.00 11.00 11.00 12.00 Sheets, galv., No. 24, P’gh. 2.85 2.85 2.75 2.90 No. 2 foundry, Chicago* . 16.50 16.50 16.50 17.50 Sheets, galv., No. 24, Chicago 7 Basic, del’d eastern Pa.... . 16.00 16.00 16.00 17.25 BSR rs ee 2.95 2.95 2.85 3.00 Basic, Valley furnace + +a ee 14.50 14.50 16.50 Hot-rolled ae mm. ES, 55 1.60 Valley Bessemer, del’d P’gh.. 17.39 17.39 17.39 18.76 FOO 0 ws inens > 5s :. Se ae , é Malleable. Chicago* 16.50 16.50 16.50 7.50 Hot-rolled sheets, No. 10, 3 a ‘ atin “aa ‘> — 5017.6 Chicago dist. mill......... 165 165 1.70 .. é Malleable, Valley............ 15.50 15.50 15.50 17.00 Wire nails, Pittsburgh....... 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.90 i L. S. charcoal, Chicago.. —s meee 23.17 23.17 25.04 Wire nai!s, Chicago dist. mill 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.95 Ferromanganese, seab’d car- Plain wire, Pittsburgh....... 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 RR nats as lyse OG ee ek ao ac Bl dsa ee +75.00 75.00 +75.00 80.00 Plain wire, Chicago dist. mill 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 : —— 3arbed wire, galv., Pittsburgh 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.55 | *The average switching charge for delivery to foundries in Barbed wire, galv., Chicago the Chicago district is 61c. per ton. _.. SRR ee 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.60 7Ferromanganese quotations adjusted to carload unit; large: Tin plate, 100 lb. box, P’gh.. 4.75 4.75 4.75 5.00 quantities at discount : Rails. Bill Old Material alls, Billets, etc. ' F Per Gross Ton: Per Gross Ton: Heavy melting steel, P’gh....$10.25 $10.25 $10.25 $12.75 Rails, heavy, at mill ecw $43.00 $43.00 $43.00 $43.00 Heavy melting steel, Phila.. 7.25 7.25 7.37% 10.50 Light rails at mill........... 34.00 34.00 34.00 36.00 Heavy melting steel, Ch’go.. 7.12% 7.12% 7.12% 10.00 Rerolling billets, Pittsburgh.. 27.00 27.00 27.00 30.00 Carwheels, Chicago ........ 7.00 7.00 7.25 9.50 Sheet bars, Pittsburgh....... 26.00 26.00 26.00 30.00 Carwheels, Philadelphia 9.50 9.50 10.50 13.00 a ey 27.00 27.00 27.00 30.00 No, 1 cast, Pittsburgh. 9.50 9.50 9.75 12.50 Forging billets, Pittsburgh... 33.00 33.00 33.00 36.00 No. 1 cast, Philadelphia . 9.50 10.00 10.00 11.50 Wire rods, Pittsburgh.... 37.00 37.00 37.00 35.00 No. 1 cast, Ch’go (net ton) 7.00 7.00 7.50 9.50 y , ~*hilz 8.50 8.5 8.5 12.00 Cents Cents Cents Cents No. J aR. wares. Pails. . er agi ps a - g = Skelp, grvd. steel, P’gh, Ib 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.65 No. 1 RR. wrot., Ch’go, (net) 50 5.5 6.5 25 Finished Steel Coke, Connellsville Per Lb. to Large Buyers Cent Cents Cents Cents Per Net Ton at Oven: ; é int 92.50 Bars, Pittsburgh 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.6 Furnace coke, prompt........ $2.25 —— — aig Bars, Chicago oa 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.70 Foundry coke, prompt....... 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 ee”, 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.70 Bars, New York.. oe y 1.95 1.85 1.85 1.98 Metals Tank plates, Pittsburgh.... 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.65 Per Lb. to Large Buyers: Cents Cents Cents Cents Tank plates, Chicago... 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.70 Lake copper, New York..... 6.12% 6.12% 6.12% 10.12% Tank plates, New York.... 1.898 1.798 1.798 1.93 Electrolytic copper, refinery. . 5.75 5.75 5.50 9.50 Structural shapes, Pittsburgh. 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.65 Tin (Straits), New York.... 21.20 21.75 21.90 26.75 Structural shapes, Chicago... 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.70 Zinc, East St. Louls......... 2.77% 2.77% 2.75 3.95 Structural shapes, New York. 1.86775 1.76775 1.76775 1.90% Zine, New York. coe WOM SM Bs 4.00 Cold-finished bars, Pittsburgh 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.10 eT a” ee ee 2.90 3.00 3.05 4.25 Hot-rolled strips, Pittsburgh. 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.55 rent. Mow Tetiicsss wen sivas 3.00 3.15 3.30 4.50 Cold-rolled strips, Pittsburgh. 2.00 2.00 1.90 2.25 Antimony (Asiatic), N. Y.... 6.12% 6.12% 6.37% 7.00 On export business there are frequent variations from the above prices. Also, in domestic business, there is at times a range of prices on various products, as shown in our market reports on other pages. ye 4 fF aa lhe Iron Age Composite Prices 1. 4 « Finished Steel Pig Iron Steel Scrap March 29, 1932 2.087c. a Lb $14.43 a Gross Ton $8.21 a Gross Ton One week ago 2.044c. 14.43 8.21 One month ago 2.037c. 14.47 8.25 One year ago 2.128c. 15.71 11.08 Base on steel bars, beams, Base on average of basic iron Based on No. 1 heasy melting tank plates, wire, rails, black at Valley furnace and foundry steel quotations at Pittsburgh, pipe and sheets. These products irons at Chicago, Philadelphia, Philadelphia and Chicago. make 87 per cent of the United Buffalo, Valley and Birmingham. States output. HicH Low Hie@H Low HicH Low 1932 2.087¢c., Mar. 29: 2.037c., Jan. 19 $14.81, Jan. 5; $14.43, Mar. 22 $8.50,Jan. 12; $8.21, Mar. 22 1931 2.142c., Jan. 13; 2.052c., Dec. 29 15.90, Jan. 6; 14.79, Dec. 15 11.33, Jan. 6; 8.50, Dec. 29 1930 2.362c.,Jan. 7; 2.121c.,Dec. 9 18.21, Jan. 7; 15.90, Dec. 16 15.00, Feb. 18; 11.25,Dec. 9 1929 2.412c., April 2; 2.362c., Oct. 29 18.71, May 14; 18.21, Dec. 17 17.58, Jan. 29; 14.08,Dec. 3 1928 2.391a, Dea. 11; 2.314c., Jan. 3 18.59, Nov. 27; 17.04, July 24 16.50, Dec. 31; 13.08,July 2 1927 2.453c.,Jan. 4; 2.293c., Oct. 25 19.71, Jan. 4; 17.54,Nov. 1 15.25,Jan. 11; 18.08, Nov. 22 1926 2.453c., Jan. 5; 2.403c., May 18 21.54, Jan. 5; 19.46, July 13 17.25, Jan. 5; 14.00,June 1 1925 2.560c.,Jan. 6; 2.396c., Aug. 18 22.50, Jan. 13; 18.96,July 7 20.83, Jan. 13; 15.08,May 5 802—The Iron March 31, 1932 its woocso ~~ steel interests have been dis- turbed by unfavorable senti- ment in the last week, and even the end of the quarter has failed to bring any marked improvement in aggre- gate finished steel releases. On a number of products, tonnage on old contracts which is not specified by the first of the month is scheduled to be canceled, but even this threat on the part of producers has failed to rouse consumers from their lethargic buy- ing habits. P stest interes March 29.—Local In the face of discouraging current conditions, many producers have not lost their belief that a change for the better is certain to come during April. Sales activity in the automobile indus- try, together with formal showing of the new Ford car, is calculated to bring i