The Iron Age 1931-11-26: Vol 128 Iss 22

..THE IRON AGE.. NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 26, 1931 TABLISHED 1855 MASS PRODUCTION METHODS APPLIED TO STAMPED REFRIGERATOR PART - equipping its plant to make evaporators for electric refrigerators, the Mullins Mfg. Corpn. has laid out a modern mass production system. Following a roughly circular course, the sheet steel stock progresses through stamping, forming, welding, annealing, cleaning, enameling and baking operations, then back to the railroad platform for shipment. Overhead conveyors and continuous ovens serve to keep the work moving without interruptions. By F. L. PRENTISS Cleveland Editor, THE IRON AGE ASS production methods with manufact LUI ing departments arranged for progressive operations are being more’ generally in this fheld ; adopted in the electric refrigerator indus equipped by the Mullins Mfg Increasing output has led to the installation of 1, OF to 1 nanufacture steel evaporato iipment for more economical production. Im refrigerators. In this plant there roved methods, in turn, have reduced manufactur- of work through the various operations and Line of presses for a series of forming and other operations on evaporator shells. Some of the pieces which resemble open book covers, are stacked on platforms near the machines 1351 ei . yg = eel int ol ry rye revolving table machines evaporators are hung 1352 The lron Age. Vorember 26. where yn the c 1931 parts are nvevor ibe t The evaporator has an he When the two shells are joined that have been stamped in the eader thi igh which the Evaporator Made of a se inner and out ries outer sn of tubes around the shell connect Iwo Main Stampings retrigerant re t, exclusive of hangers and mi nad vo stampings. The stock, vitreou ! et isually in 18 gage, is first cut Wele r ring shears in sizes ranging fron mul! f | x 22 in. tor the inner shell to ! f 14 x 331, in. for the outer shell, d: I ne SI1Zé Tt the evaporator The blanks rou eries of operations, including forming ne t tne ente) if the plece,. 1 otching and sand blasted after annealing it the left, which makes a circuit through the enameling department Following final inspection and minor adjustments the nye the beads on the outer shell and ng the ends up to an angle. The piecs igt epresents in shape a book nearly wide tne t) tur! tne ends as the book covers and tne drical center that forms the boiler as the ; 5 rmed on the outer shell have a 7/32 a i qa are ~ I between centers The ) hese parallel beads or tubes n eac! hey must be perfectly flat on the engagement etween the inner and outer shells to per e) nditions for spot welding In order ' the beads and obtain a flat contact surface ‘ blow f 1000-ton pressure or more 1s for this purpose a single-action single 1500-ton capacity is used. Other ! erations are done on single-action single ! ! 38es The press equipment is arranged it rogre operations The enameling room conveyor carries work to dipping tanks and s¢ also as a co é rs \ | erne < j rie i ! ié ( rea It it t t e] ] = - pres ire Tt Fy ( ye] . | nine re I pe e( requel! ne i ‘ t u i i aying bootns, the through the drying oven shown at left t serves oling conveyor i Jig t ed in Final Forminys ) | ‘ ' ‘ j } ‘ t t i ha ‘ Y : j ‘ i ‘ l¢ ‘ tr ’ i ee rator A fte t ‘ ré rT rneé ‘ na w hes \ i A continuous overhead conveyor carries the evaporators through this continuous-type electric furnace, where strains caused by welding are removed — _- - ¥ « a) The Iron Age. November 26, 1931—1353 welding is done with the oxvgen removed by either through the enameling room. This serves as a or a volatile liquid to eliminate scaling of the ing conveyor, as well as for handling the pieces nterior. tween operations. Pieces are allowed to make o Testing comes next in the sequence of operat r more additional circuits of the conveyor shou rvnes of evanorato} n and inlet tubs they reach the point of one operation faster t} ire tested und er with 1 air pressure fo) they can be given that operation. eli (hen all units are tested unde} After minor operations following sand blasti) ir pressure the evaporators are hung on the conveyor and troge ised tf th testing as it driv ut carried to the point in the enameling room whe e! he air and tends to prevent the the ground coat is applied by dipping. This is do: I e within the boiler and tube lf n wheel-mounted tanks that are set at the side ks develop are r red S WE I ( the conveyor line. After dipping, the pieces are hu nspection and retested back on the conveyor, which loops through a ga The evaporators are annealed before enamelins heated drying oven, where they are dried in a ten rder to relieve strail n the steel caused the perature of 300 deg. F. From this oven the c 1 ! I and t remove al | left ! vevor carries the work to the side of another « the surface of the metal. Annealing done In a tinuous conveyor, which takes it through the burr ho 9 hin f : my a elec ‘ a ‘ . is e 2oU-KW. electric Turnact Lhe 1 ng furnace. This is a 425-kw. furnace of the clo A nambe) the 1 ent! vara end type. The conveyor loops around the heati: e heat vI ( a amber at the back of the furnace and brings th: \ init out through the entrance. Here the evaporati ( ¢ re hung back on the overhead conveyor and take L1eK 1650 to 1700 deg. F. TI to the side of the room, where they are given tw SY te coats. Some of the white coats are applied Sand Blasted After Annealing dipping, others by spraying. After the applicati Sand blasting t emove fol] the at f each white coat the pieces are hung back on th peration. Thi done 01 battery of fo onveyor and the drying and burning operatio: ( Ving-ta | and an t T rwehnines | ated i are re peated. from the a ealiz furnace Follow Evaporators, after inspection following ename ed ing, are given a 110-lb. air pressure test while in i ‘d in Stoddard’s solvent. This has cleanir j pre ire to reveal lea iny exist Hange qualities and, being of lower specific gravity th: gh spots that water, very small leaks in the boiler or tubes ‘ ir é A revealed by bubbles that might not be observe hand | ! ded ! work thi should the evaporator be tested under water. Fin e enameling department on a continuous overhead visual inspection and touching up follows aft veyor his starts in front of the sand blast in which the evaporators are packed, four to a cart ( nit cleat roon make reuit for shipment. SAL Another view of the enameling department showing evaporators entering the electric burning furnace. 1354—The Iron Age, November 26, 1931 THE AUTHORITY OF REASON UR anti-trust laws prevent agreements to restrict production to known demand. They even prohibit maintenance of prices at production cost levels. The result is a dislocation of employment and wages and a serious undermining of consumer pur chasing power. While it is becoming apparent that the public will demand protection from these evils, the operations of legislative machinery are so slow that early statutory relief is unlikely. Meanwhile no effort should be spared to educate industry to the necessity of voluntary self-regula tion. Reason dictates, says Mr. Charls, that per sonal selfishness shall give way to a sense of duty to competitors and to society at large the United States the only autl trade associations and institutes n the authority of reason The law prohibits manufacturers from as ng among themselves to limit the squandering ion’s wealth in creating over-capacity; it prohi igreements to regulate reasonab! » the known demand; it condemns any agreement maintain a price level even at production cost. 7 hw . rihit?i ] : } “17 these three prohibitions alone it obstructs the tabilization of employment and wages, and, by the » token, constantly undermines consumer pu! ng power. P= Eee TY CULL CT seems quite incomprehensible that such laws ; ‘ will? j y , 1 exist 1n a Civilized nat et irad do in the United States. Therefore, any effort to rati yuntry and at the same time rem: free r political entangiements must 7 : Only In tne autnority of re By GEORGE H. CHARLS ion of Flat Rolled Steel Manufacturers 1931—1355 The fron ePSe eT T \ Wad OOKTLY pera Gg 4 ‘ eT) } } ; a rn } } nt a 4 nulgvatedad na ind ! tr Tre ‘ . y ) i Ul rnY T9 i ] ina Va eoyrapl oO ¢ t tanda nad ! | I rab “ eC! lI I ni wens 4 +} ’ ‘ T ! } t t a t «A ‘4 = remendous : ; yf yort iture I \ } ‘ i i la ¢ ous eal ¥ + tiall fT se nr j ' re ed DV e iv’ to ‘ < tr Srve i | iKe ? vy t i Lt na ‘ EF ented il rT eT ri ¢ eg vy irr re ‘ | He n , ’ ry r t ; yrea mal el ( y tT hi T PROPER GRINDING OF TUNGSTEN-CARBIDE TOOLS HE basic role of proper grinding in the successful use of tungsten-carbide cutting tools is emphasized and some of the grinding practices of the Widia department of Friedrich Krupp, A. G., as determined by extensive research, are outlined. Inasecond article, Mr. Prosser will discuss the proper maintenance of Widia-tipped milling cutters AND grinding a tool tor By ROGER D PROSSER roughing cuts. Hollow grind ing. caused by holding the t ' Th as Prosser & Sor vow against the periphery of a smal Ame > representativ f Fried ie de a wheel should be avoided rich K upe A , E Germar ) ) a ‘ f Q ‘ , rat y r ‘ — : 7 r eee o ee ae 7 = — Material to he Clearance Tool Anzte 8 Our Lip | Machined Angle t j 1‘ oo ngie 2 ——_ a — i | Cw | Soft Steel 4 60) . ¢ RT t ~ 4 a “ i | “ Hard Stee! 4 65 4 HS a 12 Manganese Steel 4 Su 5 f j . ‘ . ABLE Stainless Steel ; 65 4 5 ' ‘ Chilled Cast Iron R2 . BE | angie u Soft Steel Castings 4 68 . 73 S ~ & various w , Hard Steel Castings : 73. 78 Grey Cast Iron . 14. 80 } | Bronze, Brass, etc. 6 65 . 75 BR ot 1 : . i Aluminum Alloys 5 WU - 59 i | ~o Planer Tools \e above but wit! Negative Back Rake P Sbabcesinnsmesicesncnenesnnseiainidiitneeiinteiiitaianitianiaaits The fron Vovember 26, 1931 1357 ige. fr 0-08 FLAT. ~\ vary to PROOUCE SIZE ta ig (oF cuRL DESIRED i i / ea 1T02% or bol, | J RAWS 0-2" ) Ay P / DIAMETER oF WORK : l NY Ww ~ 7! . j j WWIDIA TUNGSTEN CARBIDE TIP = . TemPcer j joj a ae eel 4 S ay i =| ¢ OF WORK , > Tes 1} © j — >. iL 4 / are |Y | < / A muct ling toa particular t of angles a ’ t plate may t J if jdvantaze Tk } : - canna ANGLE as + +h ft how heck the yrar EARANCE 4° — SPECIFIED FOR THE MALL TO MATERIAL BEING NCREASE LIFE OF MACHINED - oo <9 CUTTING EDGE } [wre | Bama a ad | — ; Fig. 4—In grinding the chip breaker on the top of the } tools it is most important not to weaken the cutting edge \ A satisfactory method is shown above eo "20" fu , affords an excellent opportunity to study 2 and Fig. 3.—The proper and improper grinding of the roper grinding methods. For, at that plant extensive rance n a Widia tool is shown at the left and right ré : 1 | | gr TacTe ) agneris y 1g r , ‘ af gd ely. Improper methods result in a greatly weakened cut al CULTING' UE n specially designed lathes and ting edge ther machines have amply demonstrated the prim portance of proper grinding in getting the most out ind the f these remarkable tools. Some of the practices and i mmendations of the Krupp company are given in ] mu e selected ( tracterist t] and the subsequent article, with illustrations of mate ( r ground. taking int nsiderat perations in the Krupp Widia department. The nisl riter is indebted to the Krupp company for the esu ' { trations, and also to Bruno Leder for some of the ita, which is abstracted from his paper in Krupp’s Vont J al of March, 1931. pecial grinding wheels for tungsten-carbide must material, ca ised both for roughing and finishing the Widia nary grinding whee Exte rese ’ tungsten-carbide tip. The usual wheels employed fo: he production of excell nding high-speed steel tools are positively not suit t if rind } tungsten carbide. Small tools for light work t f ordinat ntellige ! ind forming, and other tools which must produce "9 h should be ground on wheels of extra-fine ; When an especially high finish is required on . rk, the cutting edge of the tools should be ee best possible finish bv lappi a ri he best possible finish by lapping. \4 ry T 1 ’ . . Wid eta Wet Grinding Eliminates Harmful Heating inding should be employed wherever pos | of great advantage, as it overcomes tl Grinding Studied Thoroughly at Krupp Work : : 7 , ile tools and permits continuous grind \ irtment of the Ky { ! { it waiting for the tool to cool down so that held in the hand. It permits faster grinding nercela its in | glazing and loading of the whee : . oe . : . Fig. 6—Deep cracks in Widia Fig 7—Group of typical g racked r iting from loca rheating ¢ sh ‘ \ 7) " yr ji ee eee tip resulting from rigid full grinding cracks, magnified gid gringing automatic grinding times $— The lron Age. November 26, 1931 Fig. 8.—Various classes of grinding finish, all specimens magnified 20 times f ooling water should be kept lear and tree tron selected pecit iliv for the kind tf vrindil t ‘ rit, and should flow copiously, as too little water is yrse than none at all. The tools can, if necessary. . : 3 Proper Tool Angles to Be Maintained for Particular ground dry, but in this case they should be ground : win “™ : , , . ; \pplications irefully and with only light pressure so that the ire not overheated. The tungsten-carbide tip must p ROPER tool angles, as recommended for the it sitively not be quenched in water while hot, as th Various materials being machined, should be main da vill crack the metal, rendering it unfit for further use tained exactly Widia tools are not made for general in : Proper grinding equipment is essential The itilit Each tool is designed for cutting a particula) rf heels should run true and without vibration, as with material and f 1 particular application, although a 1e vobbling wheels or vibration due to loose bearings Bn or can be U . wl — ; h< mnanving ; hle shows ; e 1e C1S absolutely impossible to secure ci appilea at mpanying adi now n proper angles for several different materials; if 1e the tool. If considerable metal is to be removed, roug! "3 ng wheels of large size, with plenty of power back rinding to any particular set of angles is to be them, should be employed. When this is done, it will lor mple grinding gayes or templets, such a 3t ; take very little longer to grind tungsten-carbide tools . : :' am found to De of assistance la 1an would be the case with similar high-speed steel a on v a method of gaging both the clearance and : i ols t Wheels which have become glazed, loaded up When regrinding, it is advisable as far as possible n rooved, or out-of-round, should be carefully trued to grind on the front or side rather than on the top, th a first class dresser and finished off with a as this maintains the thickness of the tip and the ie liamond dresser. Glazed or loaded wheels do not cut pl top rake a freely, and cause overheating. Where smaller wheels It is especially important to maintain the clearances ire to be formed to special shapes, the dian I angle within the limit pecified in the table, and this lresser is indispensable. should be done so that no hollow grinding occur The wheels should run at the correct speed as whicl ild produce greater clearance angle than ommended by the manufacturer, and the size and ipparent. T} 3 clearly shown in F 2 and 3. In tvyle, as well as grit, grain, and grade, should b pite epeated cautioning, it not at all uncommon ‘ Fig. 9.—Grinding a tool for finishing cut. Note ample stream Fig. T0.—Lapping a Widia grooving tool on a wheel having of coolant special lapping characteristics The Iron Age, November 26, 1931—1359 ta tates grinding ot the Widia cutting edge, a saves wear and loading up of the special wheel wit} : the soft-shank steel Precautions in Grinding Chip Breaker When it necessary to grind a chip breake) { [ I { S most Important not to weake tt ( i n tne usual procedure A sat m¢ rinding a chip breaker is show: | }; and it should ¢ irefully noted that tl hed by hollow grinding of the to} t btained by grinding a fl et Da «al t y tn tne to} » irtace ol I \ n i l I iC} f tl flat rodau ) r torm ol ni} and ! in be regulated by the wi tandt n the radius. Wit} [ ra al { rt Line cutt ny eave Cal for tl material being machined, and I VCaKe! 1 as ! mal i ‘ Tt hollow ‘y)}° na ! re ( rot the whee hould at the rindi: vard and not vay fro! | ttl edy Th sist i dit é b pl? 1 1 tne edyt : I itomat rrr ny, n re especlallv wnere the deal rigidly on the surtace if the Widia tip, Lapping equipment with vertical disk A horizonta — ee ie Bi ee a aes me satisfactor disk arrangement may al: be used “ : pee allStacrory rine rac} are easily produced in the tungsten cde p through overheating; furthermore, a wheel ft bond must be used, and this results \ \ ! Wit sucn a rigid method ot ! erheating occurs at the point of con- ( vheel and the meta A strain crack ! fro. erheat show? Fig. 5 ible ! t forming rack thir pe hen grinding the surfa rinder, and when too much dow! ! etw fine grinding crac} I I band { ilmost always pro l The strength of the copper braze ted metimes ti such an extent hifted o ts sea VA n rinding possible, and the feed rinding wheel should be done \ Free-hand roughing of a wide Widia too! Free-hand finishing of the tungsten-carbide tool on a periphery of a large wheel cup wheel 1360 The lron Age. November 26. 193] s tnat tnere IS some resiller \ r vive bvetwee! } } } = 5 4 vneel ana tne work in tnis class ft yrinding, a should be used having a softer grinding: this results in slight n it is essential to avoid Ve n t f the tungsten-carbide t | ‘ 0.0005 in. per pas oper Grinding Procedure for Various Classes of Tools l yrades l ZU are shown in Fig. 8: t é describing t desire + , furning tools for roughing cuts and gens run of not requiring especially good finish I il! I : . r t fools for finishing cuts: | ry n ' F { Special tools with very wide cutting edge such Fig is those employed for turning chilled cast-iron rolls Tools for work requiring ext: finist il ff | ad chasing tools, piston grooving too forming to it vrinding of 1 imers, ete.: Gr i1asa f f t y ling ul ‘ ne n the peripher FIC 14 Top of page Widia tools grooving and forming an uminum alloy piston, high in sili con g. |S Above) Machining hilled cast iron rolls using trans verse hand feed g. 16 At right! Roughing the profiles of chilled iron rolls with Widia tungsten-carbide tools The lron Age. November 26, 1931—1361 WELDING AND TESTING A NEW CRACKING UNIT HIS is a typical modern cracking unit of design similar to that of the unit now nearing completion at Bayonn N. J Am ve the rk of erecting the unit at Bayonne is u direction of the Walter E. Lummus Co., N¢ York. Son lea of the size of a modern cracki! ide 1 estruct test f higt init ma iined from the fact that more tl te i L500 ¢ f steel is called for in the construct f ‘ l t init The bubble tower, which was built up complet ; , at Barberton and shipped to the plant site, is or { ror ‘ é ngle pieces ever to be carried reight ca It represents in fact the practical lin weight of the transport capacity of th ne : , : nit int! railroads In the equipment of all tl ie Wal there were but nine cars of required capa ty 1 the shipment was made on two of these. A the irves and tunnels and clearances on the ri t tower from Barberton to Bayonne we idied. It was necessary to make 1 ! ment isy stages during daylight and to ‘ e for no traffic on the o} posite trac k at the tin B ne unit the est of the ( the tower was rounding sharp curves. TI! 1 ca rd fon t eactior hambers, which were forged at pre é 4 lian plant f the Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, P ra G¢ \ r( ( but were only 47 ft. long = ests Unusually Complete [It would | ilt if not impossible to consti modern design without wel 1 ( f the foun rge vessels all joints we \ ( Litt 5) Itt eld 1 With tne irfaces of the ining edage erton. O & V machine form and th the weld built up f: 1362 The Iron Age. November 26. 1931 welding usly adopted at St. Joh ie wi! [RON 11 X-ra The Trend in Refinery Plants S in many other fields, the trend in the design of pressure cracking apparatus is toward higher pressures and temperatures and larger units A modern cracking unit such as that now nearing completion at Bayonne, N. J., has a capacity equal to about 20 of the old stills which were in high favor not more than eight or ten years ago. This new unit, which will be capable of handling a charge of between 8000 and 9000 bbl. a day, will require more than 1500 tons of steel in its con struction. Because of the high temperatures and pressures at which the plant operates the finest materials and workmanship have entered into the building of the various tanks and towers It is a compliment to the steel industry and the steel fabricating art that solid forged and welded vessels such as required in this unit can be made Welded jcints, 100 per cent tested, heat-treated fire box steel shells and forged alloy fittings are some of the features. A further trend in modern cracking unit design is toward more and more utomatic operation. All the instruments and con trols are brought to one location in the present jesign, and the temperatures, rate of flow and ther variables are governed automatically But four men are needed in the operation of the entire init in contrast with perhaps 25 for operating the ne capacity in the old type of still The Iron Age. November 26, 1931 1363 1364 ited me = 7 he Iron ’ rte ize. ~ ct C weld there should be n A weld of this rt Vove mber 26, 1931 ifference immediately weld so that in re if j ensity cted may between the n important be machined D plate and the weld B) This shows moderate porosity in work ouf a D) The marker indicates the exact location of thi nd rewelded ibble tower and the other long tank iled in it by placing one end at a time it ce and building a special seal around the irnace entrance Both X-Ray and Electro-Magnetic Tests Used cedure in welding these large tanks fo1 rmed exactly with the specificatioz r code but also included many addition IG. 4—For lighter tanks roller supports are used for circumfer ential examination to fa cilitate rotation of the tank. In this case a weld joining a standard dished head on a drum is beings X-rayed thi F Thi ir-type annealing furnace at Barberton, Ohio a ft be the second largest of its kind in the yuntry IG 3 This show - the method of er, le ara aad rhe building up the welds af used for the Bayonne ’ ' tT? , unit tanks. The plate , { throug sitable } i edges are machined , to form before the | welding is started j f f , mer eld nlate i fry I th a Sperry electro-magnetic testing machine in se ae erla ela yuae § test an electric current was passed through tl “at hess ry ank j nina eld to set up a magnetic field the forn f wh Cone ye 1412) te ort ifer » fa the am & weld shed eing FIC 6—Extension pieces are welded on it the ends of longi tudinal joints to give test specimens of the actual welding procedure The Iron Age, November 26, 1931—1365 HOW CARBON CONTENT AND HEAT TREATMENT CAN AFFECT WEAR RESISTANCE _— im Me By SAMUEL J]. ROSENBERG A iat Metallurgist tates Bureau of Standard ne ( nination oO ne al -— nce meta vher ibject aur ! ‘ a I of iwo ly pe ot Wear Studied re i pre lré n the Amsler machine a specimet f the form of a 2Z-In. disk, 1s rotated treat ier heavy pres re against an arb ! rarily selected “standard” specimen the same shape and siz The tw lisks rotate at differential speeds s ! to give a small amount of sliding specimens \ measuring n the machine is used for « ng the mount of work don tT? c’T VOeorT ! Wear isul \ i? ib } ‘ T I r \ ’ ! ' t l I : } oA Results from the Brinell Machine Dp 2 7 Y i ¥ 2 er scace ti er ‘ 4 < ’ ’ «A < 1 in the Brir < 6 . : n Fig. 1. The hardne l eels tested are 0g ’ | tvpe or te t th re eel | ea Fic Effect ' lefinite relationshiy etweel! rbon content and ; ' ANNEALPE , ( ance and narane¢ i ¢ per NORMALITE neat treatment upon PNE + |} < raene< Te r 4 h ¢ resistance to w tf steels when lecreas n tn wear re tar it tested in the Brinell nav be tated the hat ’ } machine f plain carbor ( her l “ > ; S tne ang l ct ! n nd relative treatmer en ‘ rdne W ! ts Veal 4 ~ +. ly eri f “ 4 3 irbon conter nel ' , : dition of heat treatment, that we e N R CEN malized, annealed or hardened, resi ance to wear increa s notice 1366—The Iron Age. November 26. 193] i~ tm tr WO types of wear were studied by the author: Wear caused by the sliding abrasive action of sand under relatively light pressure and wear under combined sliding and rolling friction under heavy pressures or metal-to-metal wear Under the sliding abrasive action, the structure of plain carbon steels affects the wear in the same fashion as it affects the hardness Hardness is a safe guide in the prediction of wear resistance—the harder the steel, the greater its wear resistance In metal-to-metal wear, the microstructure of the steels | very important part. Although hardness is a fairly useful criterion of wear resistance, changes in structure affect markedly the wear resistance despite relatively small changes in hardness The article is published with the approval of the director of th Bureau of Standards - oe ee Explanation of the What the Amsler Machine Showe: nt 60 uw aw =z 50 zl0 VY Oo oo . oa 7 4 uw 70 w s z “in ra wu Qo (4 Q = + + > > ; > Fic 2.—Effect of ss hatnealpeiinaiialbanatnilbsap cats acne carbon content and j i | heat treatment upon a Oe ——§HARDENED the resistance to wear = j5 a ; tr x*-———— —— NORMALIZED y ) ' ‘ Seetad <a ‘ { teels when te of j } O;--— ——-= AMNMNEALLED rapid I regula I n the Amsler ma 4 a | | T Tr chine ee ee | +—+ . _ . pe T vy + a gz > e) I u © i " “ y oO ad Ar 1 irt 1 of i I TI 1 ial a i = i sian lela canines iabiaail: aiaicetli o 20 s 60 66 100 120 140 CARBON~PER CENT The Iron Age. November 26, 1931 1367 Battledeck Flooring Fire Tests Reported Marked ¢ < below will be obtained s furnace using 48 horizontal induction burners. The otection will vary for the tests froma %-in. thickness n metal lath to a lo -1n aster on a 2-in. precast ing tile suspended from in} Ft beams. Var al istable for he l welded ar i on isily Ss I n ; : r leit along front o1 al nveyor 1m alt noer -O. 193] INDUSTRY SHOULD PROMOTE THE FARM HOME NTERVIEW with the head of the wire and wire products business of Wickwire Brothers, Inc which has a self contained plant including the making of its own steel, at Cortland, N. Y.!, touches in part on the plight of the rail 3ds and als n simplification in manufacture ad RESIDENT WICKWIRE ready for 1 his favorite recreation f p The Iron Age, November 26, 1931—1369 1370 The Iron SOME FACTORS AFFECTING OPEN-HEARTH OPERATING ECONOMIES he re The latte OSS* vould inclu me el Inst loids elin inated; the metallic lost act of M ag, in slag pockets, checker chan eY together bers, waste gases, etc.; and fina Viv ni 1ci¢ sé oO] nateria I ae B nandiing { Moneta | es represer is much i() @) ey) | tne ( t i ‘ ne f nd or tute il impo! I lOstract of Wy Ky 12g s Pape i r in the total ins uE ‘ VW re re ented b I p! A I rat a we i rrecovetl ; ‘ il apprec il \ affect tne ! Su the t above née nat I tutes only from : t }0 per ent of the total ingot t that any appreciable rease in yield, in turn affecting the gross and net metallic ! ffset asurable sav r i net metal. , Open-Hearth Charges c Open-Hearth Yield \ Among the Conclusions Excessive scrap production has aterial influence on the final ing Vorember 26. 193] + and re \ 1¢ lds I i centages of ! ' : , CRIARES Ol yn Charged, Based on Equa! Condition ( ‘ ra al ’ 1 ++ ! sin tt f , } y . ; t ’ ’ } i I y y i \ (ompa ‘ ‘ ‘ | +t Rea red fos or ; ~ . Other Factors Equally Important r* 1) The Iron Age. November 26, 1931 137] Undercurrent of Optimism at Meeting i ; , , of National Founders Association ~ ( y , | “ el ira! 4 nte b Spencer B: re I researc ha n, and a ub] l ! age Ol t I t P Industrial Conference Boar nducted a wo! V1de 1d 1estion, and its nclusio1 tha cl hemes do not 1 a inent remedy for unemployment ‘ \ | Met n con Ne? } ciatior rv rted | tl rikes in the past year. He declared, ‘ a eat however, that “a wave of radicalisn is fairly sure to follow any turn fo1 y ntinue ilat the better in the business situation,” anes ind he warned the members to be credit whet prepared for combative action. y The at Work in Industrial Education Devel- oping Better Relationship | istria ed ! has beer aa ninent in the work o he Na ! I inde! \ it I iring ! eal and a erie f 1 pulsory Unemployment Insurance ! meeting na en hel selieved to Be Dangerous it int foremen a the pr , é nsored \ associat ‘ : ‘ ment of a higher \ ead Eff \n rate D W nship between en and mal ressic Harn Influence acct rhe resu eae ed the more int ent har ’ ! vorKmen were empna H ] | \ Olson, O! Bra ( 2 lansfiel >} VI r i ( 1 ! ilt n h I ! | vor} fo. kKample he OF Mr. | ta Bra Co. made the unique record } ! né rough an enti eal N 6 last withou i tin e! na group I ! er rom 640 t i neluding hot galvan ly ! punch pres VO! gene! 1 ne vork n ora ind ror I 4 he de yng | ne 1372 The Iron Age, November 26. 193] in the Ranks Must Have Opp tunity for Advanceme Workin Well in De \ a H tr Mr i a r | W 2. eg | ’ ; {) \ Officers and Committeemen of the National Founders’ Association President, S. Wells Utley, I B MeKenn | a ye Vice-President, Carl H. Hoffstett Es Bos oO Cc, Ms o THIRD Secretary, | 2 M. Tavlor. ; H lohnson .e I Hees Treasurer, Central Republic Bank & | Ww Mesta. { i A\ckert Trust Co., ( IXTH DISTRICT COMMITTEES S. F. Work noes Ba FIRST William | Edwin W Smith, H ilk M Geo. T. Lack \. J. O'Connor { M , em 4 Walter Abbe, Jr., Sr ' FOURTH ; S Prescott : ‘ ; VI I 4 - x Franklin R. Hoadley } N. Brawls ‘ : () \ Sevtorti ] Edward F. Parks . SEVENTH I H. Link \ I é I SECOND M. F. Simmons, Ralph H. West H ton Dud Ot Sas , W. W. Cheney, J: William B. Cullen, | WwW. C. Tr Wm. | onsdale, E FIFTH ( P. Caldwell lc Cat ‘ , J. L. Lonergan, M M A. H. Head, H \. McLellan, ‘ \ isl derts . ( A The ige. November 26, 1931 1373 Iron Comp ory Public Unemployment insurances \ Y \ eT } ; ' ’ rece +} hig (| Br ! ’ nseque! eel net i I y 1374—\The Iron fge, November 26, 1931 *lacement Systems, Public Other Measures Works and < al re ed i i t ‘¥ ne ffor ( ine! i Eu pe eem ti east, onli { r ( pro rk Tor ni ] ttle al rpt I ce labor a Palliative Not a Cure, Says Conference Board Unemployment Insurance a {” nave fe f their ad Public wort ind f irnishing emplo ied some temporary < have shown little indi ng an adequate solutior ployment problem. So an experience goes, 1t wou t these measures are, temporary and partial pz f unemployment. They I re Situation in onfined to a single occupation or 1 ited group occupations. Compal controlled wholly or largely vers are confined to the pla ngie companies or to tnos¢ ly ‘f companies situated in tl ime community. In some of t pany plans there is consideral irticipation by employees, as ind duals or through shop organizatio affiliated with trade unions. Som: f the private plans have produced ermanent product urplus labor supply a in bringing about ntegration of this « it % the United States 7 tne I r ed state tnus far gislation providing for unempl! nt insurance has been enacted ev the unsatisfactory result foreign experiments with public u | yment insurance, it Ss pern fortunate that the United State mmitted it to any one I eneral ysten hat have be a ted in other countri¢ W hat een done in the United States in t \¢ inemployment bene fits at rance is confined to the est hment of private plans, somet n connection with an arrangen yy guaranteeing employment. Th rivate plans, when conducted rade unions alone or by employ and trade unions jointly, are usua I ymmendable results and ar n ¢ even The tnar many pe during the current newer plans are on a large} continuing on re the older, and it is companies a repo are ( ne depres LTHOUGH admitting that it would be unfortunate if the present depression were to pass away without constructive effort toward some form of protection for the unemployed, the National Industrial Hazard of Depressional Unemploy Conference Board, after an exhaustive study, says that “unemployment ment insurance must be regarded as a partial palliative of the hardships of unemployment, not as a cure Among the objections found to public compulsory unemployment insurance are: It tends to encourage idleness, restricts the mobility and adaptability of labor, offers no inducement to employers to take m¢ sures for prevention of unemployment; imposes a heavy burden industry and government; sets up a burdensome bureaucratic system Jestroys growth of private unemployment benefit and insurance plan Major Findings and Conclusions The Iron Age. November 26, 1931—1375 Press-Brake with Driving Mechanism Within the Base Low Headroom and Straight Down Pull Making for Accurate Work Are Features Front view of Rafter press-brake; rear view showing C-shaped connecting rod illustrated below : ruc I VI 1d SULT ne I rat ar rmit ‘ T ne g Phe e! of de housing re arat vn eliminates dead weight and mits the concentration of weight trength in the working parts, whe ng ! ( ng effective in resisting deflecti ent ul né tside tl I roducing work of the highest a ea f in id. racy hung in the ram, or, it The entire machine is mounted on a ire rigidly secured on heavy, A-shaped base, designed for the toy The lower end of ths maximum strength and rigidity to re fit ! a rec the ram, sist deflection and to prevent weaving ( t the ra hich pr les a guide for the end ot No special foundation is said to be ( ( nd prevent de motio necessary; only a flat bed of concrete \ rh th nstantly in a ‘f sufficient depth to carry the weight | tion, the working stralr IS required, Vays taken in tension with ni seing of true open-throat type, th: tain ending motior ‘he trunnion nu machine will take dies up to the full ng bearing and always the width of the ram and base instead of e} f thread n contact nly the amount of clearance betweer )} rev le to ru housings or uprights. For work that re partiall it of the nut must be passed through the machine ted teet in extrem hort die opening there is ample room in the rear with t t here a housing rh freedom from the encumbrances of ht e only overhead driving mechanism. I inct ) eep the rat Drive is by motor through multip] ement with th he rt V-belt to the flywheel Drive shaft ! yperating mechanis1 and flywheel are equipped with rolle: th vith nd the mot ind tl not earings. The friction clutch is ele e lol { rKi tral rically controlled through push but B perated by hand or foot \ rings are served | nodern lub1 cating syster | { Tuli re le 1 t li¢ holdet ered Rafter paten desig? permit rakes Jammed rom ove ng o1 tner 1 ‘ t e fT! ‘ I Ss } nted t at «ain Cle la en intere metil é ! he urning l th ¢ efore a machine can bi perate rail ire Cllr nated Simply ening a few bolts on the new e! tne two < ng ember in be separated, the dis permitte irop and tne work can be remove it damage to itself, to the ne machine. y iuction of tli ? rake | I tarted and evera es ip 00 ns capacit will be irried toc irger sizes Delng made to orde 1376—The Iron Age. November 26, 1931 Motorized Ball Race Grinder with Sizing Equipment VOMPLETE motorizatior ar ( sizing device that mak ! ‘ » n, na sense, en iutoma EN features of a new n. a na ae ) nding ma ne announced 4 ry ' 7 ; ndis Tool Co., Waynesbor Pa e machine idapted for grindit UTOMATIC feed — r ball race grooves on a hich v1 perates until : work 1imost down Y as in¢ I to size; then grinding nne} ‘ = na completed and 4 aneous radia nang wheel withdrawn un ! ( nte Jer control of a siz ewes , +} , ’ | ing device 1 y : l ! and ;< a A re the + e1 heien for t ! € Chere l il I qaquated to VU.UUUI I ana < ny f , ; \ I me! ire provided w , , é perator t nang ne edaing n i I ! I n \ iu 4 I : \ I f ecnal eadlly ad [ I i re ne¢ y a_predetermi! i earir int i ing e within the space ' t “wa ! novemer Wher I \ oO I ‘ete ilmost down t zr iy Wi m a machir rht 0.001 in. as pred ne ha tending istment e au feed Py . th, engaged by the a I a e! a sia cas | 2 ay ntrolled by the sizing devic T the tir ty of remaining stock is removed quick]: rving hea 1utomat S i S | C} . [.) (2 eT vithout further feeding-in of the tinn 1 idiustment Mma I ent ain rive né , . 1 ‘ ick a few thousandth ! ‘ ' ; ’ l f the work Th movement also ' ift extends th beir nr r 1? ntrolled by a olenoid vhict . itir : ated DV the T ce ce } ; 1 er ¢ af Che erinding whee pindle ne be i ’ inted I duplex preloaded } l ea P( bearin ind a en from a ich I nicn receives it I A fron ) 1ilé i \ l ing drun it tne rea I i ) ) cnine W he eed CAT I 7 ee ¢ é t? () Cbtd0) ( i th vork dia f the 1 ar a troke 4 latir te ] gy t Th irive measures about 2 n. between ket centers Duplex chain is obtaimable ‘ ner ate reverse 7 nd drives a tn te (tGse F f work head howir z Jevice in operaftiv tion. Adjustments permit variation of the workhead The lron Age, November 26, 1931—1377 New Shaper The Iron e. Nove mober with Full Hydraulic Action, Including Ram Drive 26. 19 > > I ? rn tT? i ana \ é rani t ne a ly } A t 2 Blowpipe with Welding Rod Preheating Flame flames—one for preheatin; the welding rod and one for pe: forming the actual welding—ar provided by the blowpipe here illu trated, a new product of the Lind Air Products Co., 30 East Forty second Street, New York, for whicl patents have been issued and ars pending. The blowpipe, which is des ignated as type W-21 and intended for use with Oxweld No. 24 rod, said to be almost automatic in ope. ation, permitting continuous gas weld ing with high efficiency and low ga Reductions of 40 to per cent of the time required to we consumption a pipe joint are claimed to result fron truct verland pipe cons Che welding rod l piaced ! pecial holder and controlled by gger on the blowpipe handle whicl permits the operator to raise or lows at will. This feature is us¢ when rewelding tack welds and tarting and finishing a weld Re de) re readily exchanged; the are furnished in izes for %, o/lf iT 4-1N l d In operation, the upper or preheat p so adjusted that the inne: ne impinges directly upon the rod } flame 1s preheating it almost to the melting point. Consequently little heat is re juired from the welding flame to melt A trigger on the handle of the blowpipe is used to control the position of the welding rod. The rod preheating flame permits faster welding lr} flam« directed be the et ind the rod so UI welding rod Iimultane me ed and fused wit tne is neta lw arriage runners straddle t 1 directly behind the weldi lle; they can be adjusted to obta proper position for welding plate or on all sizes of pipe f1 t-in. upward. Five sizes of weld heads, from Nos. 9 to 13 inclusive an be used with the equipment. D P ral achable tips for the preheating flan ire furnished in sizes correspondins » the size of the welding head bein; ised, LOSE-UP ‘below! shows drop-end Dearing im open position it s operated by an air cylinder which also tilts upper roll to permit withdrawal of finished work r | ‘late Bending Rolls Designed to Avoid ate bending Kolls Vesigne to Avo! Flats on Ends Y ate and I : d eones withou ! ! a the pl: end \ Mfe. ¢ Poughkeepsie, N. Y i T I re illu trated i ne ae for rolling class A pla e same diam¢ a a wide and ! a ne Yall I ( i! te of 13% I oO! mort A I A ‘ I ‘ ‘ ire obtaina t i} I lita hearil t rom 41 in. t 20 ft. wide ployed in eacl ising vo front rolls at ace ne enter-line of the top roll lie t a 20 hp. heavy duty unit or ble bending e! \ ind makes for hat behind the center-liine i I macnit trat¢ rat ’ i} end ' er roll while the actual bend ire reverst \ iY 1 I by the ad table rear l t \ three rolls are equa eter (10%-in on the nachir a tn te rated) and _ positively driver are made of forged teel and , cae Ga akaik tania Lathe Grinder Provides 3 y +} a] ] ry) ¢ y Oe ee ae acne ae ne Increased Precision 1 Ss ng é The Iron Age, November 26, 1931—1379 Stabilization of Bituminous Coal Planned at Pittsburgh Conference : + °¢@ . y { r re { 4 ] I a} efinite fu tion of fuel oil and natural gas, re AaDit waste heat reclaimed Fuel oil ec produ imption was 55,061 gross tons « equivalent less in 1929 than in 19: ( n : echanica and natural gas consumption w lt tabilize 82.541 gross tons coal equivalent le ents throug it the it n 1929 than in 1920, while waste hea ndust H ointed it reclaimed was 396,577 tons coal equ 16,908 r} tor alent more in 1929 than in 1920.” : : Piping Pulverized Coal 10 The piping of pulverized coal F UV pipe lines, discussed by Fried : Schulte, director of the Association Superv rs of the Power Indust S gre f the Ruhr District, Essen, Germa attracted considerable interest at I A nference because of the large n et for line pipe which might b I } eloped therefrom. However, M Schulte pointed out that pulver nas not been } iped f< great a incé n Germany. although tl ethor f transportation has ( ed « vely fe horter distar : Botl ressure and suctio1 ( ? eu ed, the | er being Kxtendin tL se ol Coa ’ re mmon for distances up t , ! nger movemen nte1 ! ‘ alle esting Coal for Coking Properties e a irve . i! l ma é f Ame n coa w! a eer r the 1 Ty r state Bureau 1: a See? n G \ cia ' rese} \. ( | Ine ! J ). &) I I l I ne l } The prir 1 t l wratior ! é Y ’ tt y ! 00 deg. ( th I , t ( i l t nro I ! rious Americar ( nd dete nation of the relatio 1380 The Iron Age. November 26. 1931] German Research in Coke : A Technical progress and oa btained by coking rese: ndustria \ ae \ ny Was discussed | Dr D Supervisory Board . - eT Ir iu y } Sey (+ ) ] ma tnat i ne \ a 1, ( y inv ire venera r Tht ; f ndustrie nat u [ ind i t f the great « oe Decline of Gas Pro er it rea n tT) ; f his questior na Het i | sant establishe TT ; ; } int ie know ; i” Y resear é { T ‘ if A ractica ~ Low Temperature Coke ; ng fine ‘ i ar r Con ar P I nd R. V. W Prof le lect S I +¥ S | : Railway Car Scrapping by Line Production Method Vorember 26. 1931 1381 T he Iron Age. Leader Watson and Senator Smo Sales Tax May Have Little ssswnssr sites tient Republican, chairman of the Finan : Committee, who had come out in Chance in New Congress sittin’ cintralsi'ax pn by Senator Reed, Republican, of Pe Higher Rates on Large Incomes Seem Certain—Conflicting ‘v!vamia, also a member of the Opinions in Senate and House R epresentative Bacharach, Repul in, ol Ne \ Je} ey, prom nent me By L. W. MOFFETT er of the Ways and Means Co ( had iggested a ile tax y iries” and increased tax¢ er income His sale tax pl Ll I ri th much opp th be 1 {fo on toa yf é ix and the indefir the term “luxuries Smoot Favors Selective Taxes Becaust f the important part he nave in traming a taxation p a yi he proposal of Senator Smoot tracted much attention. It ( I ) V nas veen given added sign I ecause he announced it after rring with President Hoover and etary Mellon. However, he ca , ‘ lad on 1 ea. ' ay aed any iIndicatllo na tl e app! a ¢ ne! H i LO elect Ve taxe 5 and n income taxes. He ad ; ted tnat t $s 6p blematical that Congr will approve a general sal LX it apparently he thinks that, ( the rong opposition, selective ( nay ( ass ead e has proposed that in addition to e taxes there be increases in all with the heaviest increa tax n the higher incomes H ! i in irtax of 40 per I I I r $100,000 T} ‘ e the present rate. S« r Si iid that the amount t f ! ed by xation | not bee lete! y j } t he hin V1 nece ! ! de additional revenu ounting to $1,200,000,000 Indi I r tnat tne Treas ry aeficit ne end of tn present fiscal year W roximately $2.000,000,.000 Th T pu nes re \ Cau fi oO increa er tl ( na l r ) Higher ix¢ on Large Incomes to rowing which the I asul l ( I an ms 2321 Airplanes Produced in Nine Months WASHINGTON, Nov. 24 Airplane 1 1? I United Stat ] | I months ¢ 1931 tot rding to a surve made 1st 637 militar ; exported Durit y y nth} t 1930 i i! was manutactu } int vers may fa 1) t civil use ( r'é N t he Army and N I a I x rted 1382—The Iron Age, November 26, 1931 Railroads to Request Several Modifications in Rate Case Oral Arguments on Petition of Carriers Will Be Heard by Interstate Commerce Commission Next Saturday Y ASHINGTON, N W5 tthe tmterstate ~_omm S101 roaa lon dé ~~ 4 & Taylor Society to Hold Three-Day Meeting ~~ & & Gulf States Steel Co. Will Open Its Airport The Iron Age, November 26, 1931—1383 nate them on shop drawings and Heat Treatment of High-Speed Steel specifications by a standard simatic symbol or term. The need for son Discussed at Hartford ce aa as de ee parti t, in the st years, the manufacturers and users of grit Q OMI pra ! Ato! ng equipment. Quality designations, such 5 ugh,” “commercial,” “smooti “fine.” “mirror,” “extra,” “ultra,” ha been adopted by individual compani but such terms are likely to have meaning differing with each orgar . ; zation. Moreover, insofar as _ th Proper Harden *racties : ae . ee ke are not tied down to measurable p1 ae eee erties, they can be interpreted Or . y means of samples. Sets of suc} . ‘ amples also of finishes other those which are ground—are actua Interesting Points in Discussion ised by several firms as a guide f their engineering, production a Leste \ ther departments irg New D P Vif g ( Bristol Con an mh Lanning that Taylor and Anti-[njunction Bill to é i a 10 a : P when the Be Introduced Again 1 laent this ¢ WASHINGTON, Nov 24.—Senat Higl rap hig Norris, Progre ve Republican forging qualiti Nebraska, has announced his int ’ 1c} reintroduce what he terms th ving oh erfected” anti-injunction bill at the fering malleabilitx ming session of Congress. The Ne eoing ae ae braska Senator is author of the bi : ue and says he will make every effort t have t promptly and favorably re reheatin orted by the Judiciary Committee ' of the and passed by the Senate. He will tures foul yppose further hearings, as he did » 4 ie ot a vithout success at the last session. ; The principle of the measure has he upport of the American Fede R ation Labor That organization dently does not consider it a “pel , ' fected” bill, however, apparently se nstitutional and perhap the ; lefect n it This was denoted everal amendments proposed by at ' , ae ney for the federation at the 1 ' meeting in Vancou aa ' ‘ Steel Treaters on Coast a | Inspect Metal in Ship an meh p I ier Gate chaptel! Finish of Machine Surfaces ong ot tag er stg * i rue re Ma I N < to be Standardized 1 Co, with dinner at Pier 32, fol rans-Pa . ! ‘he th metal ar ( Lit I r ? vl tnar Standard ror i seg nem he il rue nae Howard $. Ta Stanford Ur e-chairn I I cna el 1 ake! I i D1 I. Cy Stanford | rsit | l eal ant Mi : | shat, 2. &: editdae, ie waste 138 The lron Age. November 26. 193] te 4 = - >| | Oo ai ! nd Ford Motor Co. to Place Steel for a . ej ; irst Quarter This Week a tm tm ; IT, N Ford Motor Co. is expected to place YWAHE Ford Motor Co. is expect orders this week tor its first quar the yea ke mmitments this ter steel requirements. This ering it teel requiremer marks a departure from Ford's I r L932 previous purchasing policy. . give the compa irticipating Other automobile companies are ) we Sn Opporcul # now inquiring for steel prices for 4s a : ee the early part of next year a age aT y f , : ! i!] ! l chedule It 1 ( Buick has stepped up production ‘id al steel trade that this a 600 cars a day, being the busiest he part of the Ford company ' company in the industry Che as e Ul pet walk yan new Chevrolet will be shown early Operations Held Back During Mild : a ; . ao in December. Plymouth will ex Weather ‘ hibit its present car at the 1932 . shows. A new Nash is to be pre ii sented in January iny Nas aanereda, it l Developments promus¢ d for 1932: a yy pane quality maker in Detroit will ex , nt. It wv men pand its line to include an eight : cylinder car in the $1500 class; ’ Pie a manutacturer outside Detroit eile. i now confining its activities to cars adiust their erams a ne in the higher brackets of the medi- tment ' ; It | be a mark of renewed um-price group probably will he Ford organizatior bring out a car selling under which has beet $1000; Hupmobile is expected to aa 7 eee 4 offer three new series of cars a ar i tant futur It ales 4 . Seventy-two motor car companies in Michigan employed 112,158 men in October, compared with 149, f 427 in September and 186,996 in anead October, 1930. The average week Aside from the el t ly payroll, however, was $30.81 in t October, against only $20.94 in September and $27.54 in October of last year. rT ww Ww ( tte? 3 ‘ The Iron Age. November 26. 1931 1385 sO The Iron ig e. Vovember 26, Die Casting Industry Moves Toward Economic Planning Program Formulated by Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Con *y merce May Thus Receive Its First Trial a 74 ON ] ? fita area { y aitt ent WU } lanning f tl idustry and related p1 : I ! ist Wl n WwW 11a ail tor a wild Lal ? + } I a \ , M ’ n ga M. Feiker of , , Dome n ha York Tra . y ‘ y I , ) ri? . . ‘ n? in I iT 4:1 . intil nov DY} t 10 OOF ? ] I I I i r y y ade y y I rer y } ( ! ] ised the ndustr\ a , ne ¢ il n of the US¢ o1 that Ly thei? ipDp Acnine ! intly growing and tl burt istry rapidly becoming basic l Ve — ; ‘Tv ; ructure, offering employment ‘ ever-increasing number of highlh ' y al y | + ] I ariy I ory, die casting ] , re largely confined to lead. As ilt of extensive research and con ) { LT il LT ent refinementc in metal ' ] ien ent in metals, aS We ? | mont 7 ] the perfectior f processes, di eT 1 , istings are 1 be made of ! e! ‘ A ne 1, aluminum an elli ! nd e « ely ( . 1 aid Government Will Help in Coordinat ; >, . ng ing Program for Industries eXT lining th I | ning program, Mr. Feil irv Lamor : lid D nar ava n it ea trerad +} . , “=z na I ne tr ¢ nausv! ? ) y The 7 ryan! i n whic! T ve Tor ‘ 1 toward the stab tior ire Che in é er . ° ny y 1a } fut é Die Casting Institute Officers Attend am : ne nea ALU > { ] deter y 7 mn Washington Conference nal ermined U AnG - umed f¢ ature ot t nave en a Pre , ermin¢ ipon it tlicient nit ( t} ] y ne Ti t e casting Indu y er } N \ 1) ( ] make us¢ t bureau e! H: — Cans si ‘ Tit At > ‘ ‘ I > ha nN mir } ddr Mir y T t ) i I Feiker made lea hat e G ] rnme? mn +} and ) l ¢ } ( 1? ¢ Ipon eve n i I I Ot} l ne ip an bu ne ar i t } ( ry! ¥ { i rie rt wn house ir roder Dba