The Iron Age 1931-11-05: Vol 128 Iss 19

.. THE IRON AGE... NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 5, 1931 TABLISHED 1855 ACCURATE KNOWLEDGE OF COSTS VITAL IN EFFECTING ECONOMIES By THOMAS B FRANK Treasurer, Cincinnati : tele consider the installation of modern accounting methods, including budget control, standard cost systems, together with proper distribution of the O derive full advantage from the period of prosperity that is believed to lie ahead, management of industrial plants, says the author, must Cincinnati overhead burden. Recent developments in accounting practice that have helped many companies during the period of depression to increase profits or decrease losses are stressed as indicative of what should be more widely done before the next era of business progression, when costs and selling prices undoubtedly must be figured on a lower basis than in the past decade e¢ iccura Computation of the actual costs reveals 1 n rmal productio1 Labor $ 7.0( l normal capac | Materials : . s (0) The ictua Burden 14.0 i expected i machine Total . $29.01 partment apparent that something occurred rralnes ” measure up to the predetermined standa Oo: he particular milling operation should mal deviation from the standard was investigate und that the employee was a new man and rom that val ed on the particular job; the equipment w analyzed in need of repairs and could not be operat t { the factol regular speed, and improper tools were us ermined expt materials used cost $1 more than standard | Ca ; few of the parts were spoiled by the inex] .'s man. The burden increased in proportion to th ynsumed by the man, but in addition it w: vement ! st a intins that the machine leaked oil and this necessit stand ise of additional supplies over and above the Predete! tanda} re set amount required to operate the machine. It go slated into the dollar out further comment that considerable action iry for procuring labor, n the analysis of the variation from standard verhead. Thi that particular job. C1091 When standard costs are met, however, easul CU no further analysis is required. Only the ' from standard are looked into. This results my} x nu vork for the cost department with a decrease i! pi eu rw yperating cost thereof. After all, management , A interested only in the deviations from predeterm tandards. With standard costs these deviations 1 t d of pr shown up immediately and are promptly analyzed shed pase time being wasted on the costs that compare it upo} ibly with the standard. During the past several months it has be reasingly difficult for many businesses to n C tod isua ist at t profit in many cases despite increased volu ince of eve} teady production. Of course the concerns tl} ! xpected felt the sting of the depression have had uipment problems to ntend with, theirs showing up ial ised in it reased losses. It is regrettable that many | the expens tailed their accounting activities at a time whi I ¢ ( ney ind thi activities should be the most productive in en r ned kr ive of these facto) management to meet the difficulties of decré intant int profits through the media of effective control definite tandard [It certainly must be a short-sighted manage} nits the activities of the cost department whi Stondas ’ ; bab Nteid cBeke thing most needed is no doubt scientific cost red winged unle ethod neration eee ; we wan and control. I do not want to give the impress! withs the. ante st work is the one and only cure for present bus ea ae lls. Such is not the case. I merely wish to tal Bias tand in defense of the work that the cost depart 7 saa ihe nd the cost accountant perform for the best : ~ 3 ; a ye ests of the business. This work, intelligently ae ; : ae will go a long way toward reducing to a mi! ; e the effects of the depression on the profit account Business Would Be Healthier if Budgeting Were Widely Used ~ » tt) v - 7 ‘here is little question in the minds of most a ness executives about the desirability of the j idget in business. It has proved success! regula of national and municipal affai1 922.01 ha rove ; worth in many well-managed 1164—The Iron Age, November 5, 1931 Sts indard v« f oy ror ‘ iy market resea x Property Accounting . ~~ ‘ ‘ tna S set, tl i re scneduled 11 l ! res , Pp } r , rroaud ; ry ryt hidaacet , ] yudget and all ex edule t 3 ith the nlan? 1 wy tiny Wha? , ith 1 planned VW ' te ey 5 OSS1D11 are (i . m e( ‘ thy +, 1 given period, |! N |] I t ’ ! roductio1 t tury it S200.000 ’ t} ‘ na si 1 | : 2 wal ‘ . ‘ ‘ ienti yu } , ‘ ‘ . ef and is worked down tl : aa . sa4¢ 4 . 7 4 in nistra ! ] ry Le () so ¥ 1} and los ‘ ar +) "Ff , ‘bi y y ¥ ¥ T ond! é é | 4 f f . ‘ ‘ , ; enent ¢ I rn I I ‘he neerl q y ft ! t T { [ 1 i I ! rn u | } ‘ + ] + . 4 - 4 . { & 4 (is 4 y ’ ) C ‘ denre T ’ } I ! tol l J 4 ge $4 s ten an4 ; , ne nre itself with n 1e) ’ rel aat tman? , tively perat [ nterest ! t t TY)? % ¢ sna + ry y ‘ | r+ ) 17 ‘ ‘ ‘ ness rene? | } rt I I t t t tr ] a I i f ] +5 Y y . y ‘ ‘ ‘ la ye nf sure ’ e? ‘ ns waned ‘ ilies | t ‘ nd nn? f gy ry ined thes } + . \ ‘ f 4 , Vit > is rrent I i? eT 5 yt rn t a Wi ne ] ‘ > 4+) } . { Y I i { ] T4 ‘ ‘ ‘ o} r dercres | r the ‘ , y ; t ] , nu ] ar f ind 4 } ‘ . P ‘ ‘ as are ( AliU ) re A ‘ } Ce 4 4 ‘ ine toy t re erived fron 3 , ‘ ‘ ‘ 4 ‘i : . ry ‘ y ‘ ; ? ] ( ») Nak nant zements na + ‘ ill f . . r4 ‘ + 4 ia , Sl! i L re 1 nece ar I I ‘ ‘ 4 ’ f +4 + ‘ ¥ ' : , ‘ g -« . . ‘ ; rs entering production a Mal > ] 1 are Y l ‘ nal r dard St, t pr er to g inea ¢ ‘ ' ‘ , | ; y + +} ¥ thea nrea . »Y TY ned ry i ’ 31} Q ram as I le |} aeter! I i 1 . 4 a that theca acl t t e! le? ttaines nport: | » Ulla ‘ ; . i oa eens al } , hy : ained Lr I ner aioné p . — ; + 4 ] 4 . | ry on 4 ‘ al ata n é vel. I f riod é | ] ‘ ‘ +h t trol costs ter tne nave bee I } + + +} ¥ A £4 . ‘ TY ‘ l disbursed met hel After : ced 1 4 ‘ . + ' rrr lescriptior ild be used for curt thar for me! r } re ra | rié ] oT ot rerest me 1 matte} mmo! se admi! 1 r pl IcT1O! e! } } ‘ ‘ ‘ — F . ‘ ; he a ‘ laget ind > a uid if iat . , at and the actu ( rma s as tl LL mp ble t 17 tea t nat ? I ) ( ‘ tal ara tes vitnout a indica is a { \ i : : , i ‘ ‘ . on £4 ‘ far ¢ ‘ +} ndo ’ ; } ’ \ ior a IUD f puage 1 ‘ la j . f . ‘ I the Dusines . tep oO! t 1 ten QuIpI I ne I ug I ner I sure (¢ , ded page 1221) Must Be Used >, 1931—1165 The Iron Age. November ! SMALL, CONTINUOUS CONVEY Q}}0' are usually thought of as adjuncts of big plants. This article shows, however, by practical examples, how the equipment can be used by plants which are far from the enormous units in which continuous conveyor systems found their early development. Evidently the advantage | Magpeianserese: processes, particularly with regard to baking ovens, Longitudinal sectio metal commutators is just as great in the small and moderate-size plant as in the large one, «when it comes to installation of proper labor-saving equipment. ‘ er tl te? nt nese re ipa t t I ! ! ictior ! ( mommy ? ri on ‘ } LY (reater Tacility n handling production danger of product breaking or marring \utomat ading and unloading l nt pera ' 1 Via ( bal W 1 1 I Ll prod I ( i bili ‘ r) ‘ } 1 \ il ap} ( i ( mal ized (i¢ ribed. ()} t \ il oven and f I | t ful it ts ow! Id and ra ab tv of the Ir il] ( ed and built D Yo B . “4--Type Oven for Commutators “\ \ \T \’ “ry . c a es ANUFACTURER of vacuum cleaners ~ihe - ry Ny = a - a E 4 i] Wetrolt an “A tvyre continuous — ad , 1] y fo e! Ke Nis Smalil-motor commutators, thé = eing hardly larger than an oven manutfa exhibition model. It measures 7 6 ft. 6 in. high and only 24 in. wide processed in this oven are e vacuum cleaner motor. They are only 1's diameter and in. in length. A compositl separator is used between the commutator seg! n through small A-type oven used for baking After assembly, it is necessary bake the Note parts being unloaded automatically as ty, necessary to ike the conveyor leaves the oven tator to establish the necessary bond betwee! 1166 The fron {ge. November 5. 1931 OMOVENS PAY IN THE SMALLER PLANT ] 4 OMPiis t) ] ‘ mperatures ave nd ! f if f ! ¢ n ( ©) temperat res i? é ry va tyt ‘ I T } nm? ] I i ( I | mportant that the temperature throughout The capacit f tl nit at normal speed 00 } mber be unitori that all i! f + d The heatiy 4 Cae | given the requ te |} it tr t] ! t Ve e 75 att Gene aT nstalling the rese! e! is t 22() tiy cuit } + y + ) y ? ? nabie err era lr B é ire ’ Y mutators are Cal ( rou the | nye r made up o ros 160 I ©! ‘ nal ‘ ' ! two strands oO tet rote é t y mr ; | ross rod cCarri ‘ ) ni? ; e) ; ‘ : ’ centers KE ’ i ec ’ y : ( ; 1 , After passil tn} ] tl ba I in ( } p nvevol1 turns 1¢ rd d ti ‘ rif en floor DacK Tt tne ¢ { nee end \ , / B . : ac / e pins turn downward at the change « Vertical Oven for Brake Lining direction just after leaving the oven exit NOTHER interestit applicat i tot J ERTICAL oven edto bake ning in plant jland Stee! ts Co., Detroit AA Tron Age. November 5, 1931 1167 1168—The Iron Age, November 5, NDERSIDE of inclined oven at \V ine plant of Parker Rust-Pr showing arrangement of control Below) Method of loading parts baked into the inclined oven in th verine Enameling Division of the Rust-Proof Co. the brake bands with whic} fabricated. This operation on at the plant of the Detroit Steel division of Midland Ste: ucts Co. When cold this brake lini: rial is too stiff to handle prop the other hand if it is overhe: if it is allowed to remain too | at the proper oven temperat again becomes hard and ha ency to become brittle. Cons ly, it is highly desirable both temperature and_ baki riod under close control in p1 this material. After considera perimenting, it was found that best results were obtained whet at 400 deg. F. for 10 min. Originally a cabinet-type ov used for this purpose. With ar crease in production requirements and tempera continuous baking. A vertical ov vas about 155 cu — 1 the work. It is a sing] mpartn t unit cit f 12,001 vide by 3 ft. 6 in. deep ar vertical installation r es a mil \ which is decidedly at a premiun th t t the fact that re signe t ate | he oven serves two assembly lines, it init five I times since it original went it four pieces of brake lining be de vered itlo! b iu I ts comparatively small 812 two to each assembly line. This is a turd truction, its moving was a matter A EMBLY line supplied being brake lining which has. been ited in the vertical ven shown at left. + red by having each oven conveyor shelf accom- small « ern to the manageme! Each move late four pieces. made quickly and economically A single opening in the oven structure serves , ae ined Ove wr Small-Parts Japanning h as entrance and exit for the pieces pelng proc- Ine line d _ Je e - il I : J / ° ed. One man handles both loading and unload- ( | om of the newer types of continuous unit—the After the four hot pieces of product are $ gaining popularity rapidly) ved from any given conveyor shelf, four new ause of its ¢ peration and flexibilit Phe es are placed on it, to be carried through the Wolverine enameling division of Parker Rust-Proof g chamber. ‘ Det ising suc! nit f i yy a he Palmer-Bee conveyor which runs through the e range 0! it equipment rt ng chamber of this oven is equipped with 22 nits 1 ' retrigerato! vit e! ers 6 in. wide and 5 ft. long, suspended fron ne brackets, Clan et Mn er pipes 12 in. on centers between two matched ed to relieve the gestion in the ds of No. 131 chain. The conveyor travels nor r nits and to reduce operat t 20 in. a minute and lriven | 1-] 220 24x 58 f uses the de 1200-r.p.m. mo ; Tha 7 Deon on erate thi ty ‘ , o t A at t} Wolver e plant The Iron Age, November 5. 1931 1169 1170 The , + _ a — as -— — —_ — —— A A + Iron ELECTRONIC CONTRO By RAYMOND FRANCIS YATES Member, Institute of Radio Engineers ind dynamic circuit will be , ; . <i , ae Aside from the above, differ nce pet EF noted from Fig : ; 7 the cell itself — eee choosen to meet the conditions under ss ws operate If its use does not involve the s¢ . ; articles according to shade or color, a cell wv tically flat color curve sho uld pe purcnast e. In every ca avs be care! | 10to-tube so that he obtalr ed tain ry special cases, cell oe en ~ violet or infra-red light ma: ' j ve brought out is that the stics that will accommodate the special nder which it is to operat m to be solved should alw the manufacturer of the pl ibe for the purpose may \ Amplifying Circuit Having first determine: e dynamic or static, the determines the nature of the amplifying circuit ised. Because of several variable factors present it because of the desirabilit ensitivity of the photo-electric tube and the a “, ry : ee ium tube or tubes (depending upon the d implification desired) for specific application enera found advisable to provide a ircult ng device This is commonly a potentiomet , J ; rrid circuit of the vacuum tube Such an ment provid ertain amount of flexibilit f mit ible factors to be compensated \ I ommon amplifying circuit is shown in Ff it ut l} irefully designed amplifying circuit it current in the plate circuit of the amplif ot a . oe Se may be made directly proportional to the inte frequer the light striking the active element of the t t may also be arranged in such a way e output current decrease as the light str ; ncreases [his is usually termed an in t while the other arrangement is called Thyratrons Provide Great Amplification : ) ( The degree of amplification necessary is a _ + rtant factor. This depends upon the amount ee to be done. For automatic counting and sim work, perhaps only a single vacuum tube need in the amplifier. Such is the case with the ri ilarms and the flashing of signals; but where m tensive mechanical motion must be initiated tention in the grid circuit permit f the overall sensitivity of photo-tub ut of photo-electric acti 1 amplifier ratron tube depending upon the amount of work done. Although the thy fge. November 5, 193] Should Be Flexible 1 whether the circu nature of the work y of adjusting the yn, it is usually necessa resort to thyratron amplification, the size of ratron can handle + ich ass ¢ ee EE: ' ROIPOF MACHINERY ae im Me HOTO-ELECTRIC tubes are designed for various specific oper ating conditions. Included are the automatic starting and stopping of machinery, checking the size of wire, counting under conditions not admitting of the use of mechanical counters, etc One type of tube is actuated by varying intensities of light; others are sensitive to color, even to ultra-violet or infra-red light. Ampli fying circuits must be designed with the operating conditions in view. In this respect thyratrons, by controlling a comparatively large current without mechanical relays, have contributed to the effectiveness of many cf the photo-electric tube applications de scribed in this article, which supplements one on the fundamentals ippearing in the issue of Oct. 22, page 1052, and which is to be followed by another on applications vr wr Se v< rie i ta rt pera Photo-Electric Tube Checks Size of Wire nal ne-amount ot r The Iron Age, November 5, 1931—1171 neasuring ntrolled between } 7 irate check Photo-Electri Vove mie r aged goods, and even the drops of oil in La oiling machinery. Such a counting system everal distinct advantages. It is far more than human count. It can be made many tim: than ordinary mechanical counting and offers tinct advantage of counting very heavy article would soon destroy an ordinary mechanical On the other hand, it will count very light arti would not exert enough mechanical force to o; counter of the ordinary style. Then, too, it ‘lace a mechanical counter in suc} ri ; My > p ; U-ve Relay Lay = OQ fas Y)S¢ == — i — 1 i L aa cesiatal : <a Yylng =, : {—- Shen | | w 7 > FIG. | Figs, 7-8.—Inspecting liquids for clearness Fig. 9 Controls actuated by simple gage Fig. | Automatic operation of flying shears tion on automatic machinery that it will operate pr erly In using the photo-electric counter, the be placed at a considerable distance from thi and it is even possible to bend the light beam s« awkward positions may be reached. The bending n be done simply by using clear quartz rods which n be said to conduct light in much the same way as s conducted through a pipe. High Speed Inspection of Products Is Possible Simple mechanical inspection is made possi! a very high rate of speed. Manufacturers lapsible tubes for toothpaste and the like have recent ly applied photo-tube inspection with a high degr success. Previous to this, these containers sometimes reach the consumer in a leaky condit Now the tubes can be whirled between a light sou and a photo-electric tube and those with holes are automatically dropped into a scrap box In the manufacture of small cotton bags, electric relays are being used to initiate operat when the sacks reach the proper position. Man interesting applications could be mentioned but sutlined are sufficient to give an indication of the tilit the vacuum tube when used in con! Vit the photo-electric tube. In the concluding {f this series the application of other electro will be desi ribed. MANY METALS USED IN NAVY DIRIGIBLE AKRON Y HILE aluminum as meta ] I nited States Navy severa errou illOVS al i f per ASKE ire LLU l { ils Were required I sulid or th shi lt rn ( 1aa f anding requisites n the selectior os t r mer n ' t t c i atit ' | ' not 1 yey { | | ; ‘ } t I wnerevel Was ] red, ind vr } ’ nstrume! i f al-l f wer Tt! re 3 reat ‘ nar n y nf rr y° a i i ‘ } ‘ Ke ip I int ‘ ra} r iddition t had sed it $ ‘ 4 aie ne aiid rm ere tw ~~} ie) it d } } ’ } lary } ‘ rin “Tees | | f a i i¢ na ) Li nael if «ch t imine + 4 ‘ ‘ ) voter are 4 , } ‘ | ] vrs , re } i f ' 4slatts ' ) I . i i I t I \ , i i ( r n? se l ) ) trigger fit y tyeoy | ( Tall _ res ! | y y I { l i} cal S00 OOD » + , +} , ‘ mewn y Nor I Com, : Lien P ‘ ! i } =~ tr =f nes re ot ine f al I Some LT tne licate ? inst} ment if ' nut mew al | rs and il I = il e tan! and ! { ; I ninum and to a ‘ na ] tf +} ry rY) } eC| ana Oli ill 1 eC Sa eC late ised wherever possible in tl} elephon | ‘ ny Q rur t ‘ ( t 250 : ‘ : } ng, aduraiun I eT! | e¢ il . f +hg inels of f } tha form the ite ‘ é ( ne al ? si}t) eT r Safety Rules in Cooking renarer , 7 ’ ’ 110 } n} ul ~ rT)? T T | ai a This shows the “openwork” ribs and struts of which the ship's ifficient a { eep t flan e but skeleton is made. Workmen are attaching nose fittings , Vovember 5, 1931— The Iron Age, 1173 —s a MAKING THE STEEL SADDLES FOR} + By SIDNEY G. KOON te Editor, THE IRON ACE eC (ry Vas the su eSstul CA eal SS¢ ] ter icn Manne) ' ; +} t tl an poll L! otner was ne ( n ex tionally close tolerance work lese two accomplishment ’ ed ecessivelv. in what follow Vaking the Castin Al Cal \ \ | iS Take} ? nrenaring ’ : : ENERAL ' ‘ iC! é l I ud ] : esetian at.esd +1, t a tima P la ere t cl] ‘ ’ } ‘ I I iSting Five location t now VO! ir in the steel fe ] variat . th bons | Y ’ ad) 1 ? huild1y “ea rTvy Z A = a v A fom ; Lifting - a m epr ntation of cast tron cope, made for ve ; tins and resulting ir nsiderable reduction in mold } é re Fe { ~ é } na at tne | yt t ' r¢ ¢ ry ( } r t } rire @Y ‘ ‘ { Les \\ [ } ' ? T ¢ Tne ( t I Ve ‘ 4 ‘ ‘ } r¢ I Lh : an mm 1 U! oTtton x Ar lit ¢ Lone was METHOD f arrang flasks in ge ( al \ “ ete 5 i n pit, and supporti ( Q)y } — al ,em by trut Iwainst 1 1 ISA distort Va ‘ a I . uM { oiteqd I I avel - und — + | il 4 4 ; } { ‘ } ) 4 wvyeey PUES , WES ny <4 nad ; al hess a aade ‘ “ } i ry, i t Va Wie red nt 102 on Age’ Novembe » 1931 FORTHE HUDSON BRIDGE CABLES ded properly and And it mat mry greatly in thickness New York inspection close tolerances and some of the operations upon them ae ASSIVE steel castings involve exceptional precau tions in caring for shrinkage and other strains Particularly is this true when adjoining sections differ Such problems had to be met in making the saddle castings to support the cables on George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River at The 32 castings average about 45 net tons each, machined, and were subjected to unusually rigid They had to be made to exceptionally involved the use of engineering expedients not often encountered Two molds in concrete pit In foreground the mold shows two upper openings from the gate There are lso two openings near the base. The further mold shows men setting chaplets on top of cores Vovember 5, 1931 1175 LASKS arranged for making one the Ovel 11706 c pe is surmounted by flasks tied to the main flask The Iron Age, November of these castings to hold the by steel rods a, 193) At top risers, and is if th ( <4 1 ott lil allaClied n se ) ype iy es 1n ings some misgivings were felt at first as to t ter of shrinkage strains. As shown in as sketch, the central rib, directly under tl groove, where the greatest thrust of the cabl: come in service, is about 6 in. thick. But the « making contact with the cable is only 3 horizontal ribs running lengthwise of the « in. and the vertical cross ribs 2 in. thick. To keep the cope from “floating,” the r were bolted down to the flask. These hold bolts can be seen in the picture of the flas obviated any necessity for placing weights on t] for they transferred all “buoyancy” to the weight of flask, sand and casting and effect vented movement. Holding the Metal in Its Place Side thrust from the molten metal, in a of the size of those here described, is enorm At the bottom, with a 17-ft. head of metal, the pr reaches 7600 lb. on each square foot. To absorb tl thrust each flask was surrounded by heavy struts, as shown by sketch. These were wedged ir place in such manner as to transmit the thrust concrete (or other) walls of the pit, backed these walls are, by hard-packed earth. In the largest pit, shown in the sketch, one set of struts was from one flask to its mate. All struts were we tightly to their work. Each casting was left in the sand for five o1 days, before the risers were burned off. While st hot, it was then dug out of the sand, given a roug! ind blast and then run into an annealing furnac before getting cold. Here it was brought slowly Pouring one of the castings. Three of the saddles completely machined. The one at left shows some of the gear in place which was used in spinning the cable | ‘ ‘ : m4 , l-iy ny y { til ore ( nf ( ( ’ ( ms ling. It was left five d the furna t ird Much was learned as the . roug ter heat was tul ‘ inh } ial hort cut nu eS wn rl é ] Cleaning thes east ’ hich made it possible t eed ) becaust ) tne } pect | reat ‘ preparatol VO! Ne . ina had to rel ) ry \ vere ‘ay ( j I and al tne ¢ neipilent I ‘ . neau i r r five ¢ : sequently) eacn Cast re all St ri} | t ‘ nd ce dl! I SI el all irtaces As tl | Kets Det ee! ! ft tne writ a macnil el ni 14 in. wide and reacl ! n ises ft | rint of } re! I aept! tr ird s nature t} ‘ ' | reciated Further Inspection After Final Anneal \ It al < I il l ve l it 1650 { I llowed complete de iiing | , again, 1! roiling ovel nch of surface Once n nspectors madage ire l ren 101 ract re numerous coupons wert it off and subjected al tests. Chemically, these castings are of plaii rbon steel, having about 0.25 per cent carbon an .50 to 0.60 per cent manganese. Drillings made after al annealing furnished a check in this respect up e customary ladle analysis of the met making an exact { vas rse ser { shrinkage on all four castir eacn set De ent il, o7 aS CioOseé ly so a t was poss e to obdtal! f was achieved in irt getting an analysis ¢ el so closely to specifications as to leave no roon r variance in its shrinkage qualities. But the mair nsideration here was temperature. Pouring at 500 leg. F., each pour was started at the same point a Cleaning sand from one of the castings. Sinkheads or risers will ich other pour, to obtain the desired result be noticed behind the man at left. Gates showing openings into the mold appear at top. The right end of casting is the groove need not be assumed that all of this pro eduré to carry the cable: this end was at bottom when poured It The Iron Age. November 5, 1931 1177 DIE CASTINGS MAKE} p AND REDESIGNED} p KS a aA & ™ vm By G. M. ROLLASON Vice-President, United States Aluminun Garwood, N. | sc of Fabrication from Di Castings a Mm ao r t ‘ ht ha } wr built Ma ; The lron Age. November 5. 193] ie 1E castings are finding increasing use ‘ cD D} ; ODI I( TS where they result in a reduction in the a‘ cost of fabricating products. The savings accruing from the use of die castings must be sufficiently large to offset the die cost, says the author. Economies are found in the elimination of machining and finishing operations, and in the reduction of inven tories of materials in process which results >} }’ from the rapidity with which die castings can be assembled into finished products. Die cost is reduced by distributing the charge over a large quantity of castings The fron Age, November 5, 1931 1179 groove joint between the housi: the frame. The hinged door is clamped to the housing by means of which lock through three pairs ternal lugs cast on the doo and housing. The bolt holes a in the holes drillin ESIGNED for die castings, this fruit frame press is easily construct sembly. lugs; are in fact, all of cored, t the time is held in of a ring | g operation at The lens by means ed and assembled the frame. Three splines or ke the focusing tube in alinement vw the housing proper. The diré vwvwyv ear, which controls the angi light beam, is cast as a part housing. The housing, door frame, le and focusing tube for this pa make of floodlight were desig be produced as castings. By « ne the die cast process thinne) tions could be obtained than cou t ' essarv bolt es were re e produced in sand, thus effectir pre nt ne ¢ Ol f machining was reduced and tl oO! aving in metal cost. There art ind fron ping imentation on the castings p1 ice factors which favored die casting ise, 1 ! r t i ne detail. The die casting meat yf this proce the hole | ! } hinne sé ! i making be cored; the tongue and groov: ye vrreater ing in weight etween the door frame and |} nat ul Unau nal d the spline and groove ! ( appearance ising and focusing tube ! tir e g t ist more accurately and withou I el ’ 1 great need of machining. As a matte ct, the die castings required no hining except for reaming loodlights Made of Die Castings threading the holes. And, as in case of other projects designed for oe ee ee on asting, the finishing and _ polish , as Sony .daptat lity operations were greatly simplified } ; Bt ; cir nign degree of res comparison of this floodlight with : nosphet sss See one replaced showed a saving ng ee ere eee oe ee ee 50 per cent in labor and 10 per c . l I everal different type ‘ n 1 eria gr} It he floodlight showr euIOM, GHAIE a cast Many Industries Use Die Casting re ¢ ea fT the housing \ ! ie, the le ring and tli Use of aluminum die castings B ing tube. The door is hinged t onfined to any one industry 01 using, part of the hinge bel of industry. Their application in w I tegral to the housing and part ng machines and vacuum cleane} I f door fram« Water-tightne well known. Other household « l ! t n ned by mean f a tongue and al appliances in which aluminum ‘astings are used because of t ightne and pleasing appearar ncludes: waffle molds, polishing Line fans, heaters, mang} h-washing machines. Di is re so employed in certain type ‘king utensils. There are many industrial ap x tks, che tions of aluminum die castin electrical machinery and appa! For example, batteries, searchhg HERE are no crevices or floodlights projectors, teleg iph al joints in the die cast parts paratus, radio equipment, fire alarn of the fruit press which can telephone apparatus, portable el collect food during use and cutters. motors nstrume! complicate the cleaning : ; SI aaa , operation ela switches and cutouts are larly produced with many of arts fabricated from light alloy v~wey? stings. Because of their lightn« gridity tiumin and me Anothe1 1180—The Iron Age, >, 1931 Vovember ! ' applicat vriters, and pleasing appearal find im die castings re a ion in the various types ters large market for aluminu frames of typ . of adding m: chines and calculators, cash registers m HE aluminum die cast parts for this floodlight combine the qualities of rigidity, resistance to atmospheric corresion and light weight with low assembly cest Right) Sharp, well-defined lines, cored holes, accurate dimen yns and smooth surfaces make the assembly of die castings xtremely economical. Aluminum die cast parts for an exercis ing machine \ GROUP of the welding section of the Nationa ( J Holslag, Electric Arc Cutting & Welding Electrical Manuf icturet Association phe t< ( I W Kronbach, Una Welding & Bon i ng Co.; phed at a recent meeting at Niagara Falls, Ont W. W. Reddie, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. ‘ USL Battery Corpn., Niagara Falls, N. Y., wa D. Meeker, General Electric Co.; D. H. Kell t to the electric welder manufacturers here pic USL Battery Corpn.; E. D. Bransome, Wilson Welder { From left to right they are: Jack Amos, Holluy x Metals ( - A 4. MacLean, vice pre lent, USI! pn.; F. E. Hall, USI Battery orpn - |. F. Lincoln Battery Corpn.; O. F. Stroman, Westinghouse Electri oln Electric Co.; L. P. Hume, General Elect: x Mfg. Co., and J. L. Fosnight, USL Battery Corpn The lron Age. November 5, 1931 118] ==" 1182 Steel comes The Iron roughing passes of one continuous rod mill NEW BILLET AND ROD MiLLs} A e o & Power-driven ro t-ir let I Ile length. 1 fu by four passe skew table are used to se} 18 in. in diameter to a 2-in. bil billets, if necessary, in ; let, or it can be transferred to a rolle with that part of the ingot f) eed table which feeds the billet into they came. They can | e Donora 1 er shear to be cut up int anda) three separate cooling table t} f 4-in. billet red The tables have ar Dor ‘ \ fiving hear located at the pro mate capacity of 450 tons ince ron he continu us bill This is one of the hig ) ‘ to the 1 illet mills in the United § has the ability to roll 130 ‘billets an how Two Continuous Rod Mil! Many novel and interesting . » embodied in the two « were rod mills, is right-handed with the facing each loading rr is One rod mill ‘ om | ft-handed, ides of the mills Each rod mill has a rectly under the billet yard cran supplied by means of the crar approach table from tl to the furnaces. The ther le leads of modern d furnace is vith a flat afl arch, at present being DY latura gas, It is con equipped with a | eheater, aut r cor nd her autom lator Phe llet re pus| ——.»~ the ide of the furr e by pi ind pushed down the hearth operating from ar with continuous reheating furnace in back : ; Ps 7 toward the observer, and through a ten-stand finishing mill after yusnet By a suitable Pp is leaving the rougher inisn the billets are fed d is Billet Mill : ? een og r} rst ‘ ph Delivery end of train of four 18-in. finishing stands in billet mill, this group being fed fror : the roughing train of six 24-in. stands. Product from this set may be shipped as billet re or run through the rod mills ige. November 5, 1931 IEWED from top of reheating furnace, the rod mill roughing stands appear near center aye os eae oa oe where steam is visible!. with their gear boxes at right of steam. Beyond are the finish echanism the 1 cal ing stands, followed by up-sloping coil conveyor. Through doorway at left is the duplicate mill ny on ree 1 t hea constru I lriven by its own n | e} equipped W lu i ) y | Vir« natul I device r} . . ‘ ‘ inufactu reel } c ] y , : p ! KK yr i enn litable cor , | ) f f ds away f rove I . ae vel them fir ’ onveyor This I | r? ng and Large Oil-Cracking Unit : he Mid-Contis Poercion to Be Field Welded i. | fo te a t n ry () Ss ( Vi i ? mal | nating ' rea n cl ! 67 : ] veighs 4 { | nm iT ghing 25 0) ( i] tithe) I ana ? } rn of y cording pines e Tt arg EY ‘ ind zZ “% thick : | will be operated at 4 | Field welding, in putting the two heavy chambers together, will cover a 25 ft. circumference : thick it] t of material 234 in The Iron Age. November 5, 1931 1183 METAL IN GERMAN MINES ¢ ¢ 7 MERMAN il and iro ‘ n¢ Consumption by German coal mines, though most of the steel 1 have ! een ust f steel however, has advanced from about 40, mine supports is 72 to 75 q C 2 nstead of w tim- 000 tons in 1913 to 95,000 tons in 1927, mm. tensile strength. Only eri! r e annua tor nag f steel to 115,000 tons in 1928, to 135,000 sections of mines, where pri e this irpose showing such a steady tons in 1929, and 1930 is expected to low, are tensile strengths na ea 7 e 1913 that st el mill record a further increase, although ranging down to 40 kg. pe le eventu the final statistics are not yet avail (57,000 lb. per sq. in.). n 300.000 able [These totals do not include wire Special designs of steel ! f pur} | tting and other forms of steel an- ports have been developed, a1 W hi e German min ise mol nually consumed by the mining indus- companying photographs sh te | tha ther European countries, try. of the methods widely used a because they are largely Recently the German steel industry, man mines, such as the Kort controlled | the steel industry, it n cooperation with mine operative Diplomat and Moll systems, t reased installation ha not n and the Government, has developed furnished by the Ober accomplished without considerab standards for steel mine supports, Dampfkessel Bedarfs G.m.b.H position from the miners and op which are generally approved. These witz, and an installation for | erators, who traditiona favor the require tensile strength of 70 kg. per sures, in which old rails and w timber support sq. mm. (100,000 lb. per sq. in.), al ting are used. \ INE supports (upper left) of the “ Oberschlesische Dampfkessel Be- darfs G.m.b.H., Gleiwitz, are fitted closely to the wall of the chamber. (Above) The Korfman system, used for about 20 years in Ruhr mines, usually for high pressure work, has four parts in each section fitted to- gether with special straps fastened by bolts. Under pressure, the steel props compress against the wooden cross supports, giving a maximum contrac- tion of 120 mm. (4°%4 1n.) (Upper Right) Old rails and wire net- ting are used in Upper Silesian mines, where pressures are low and great flexibility of the supporting members is unnecessary. (Lower Left) The Diplomat system of steel supports ts often used for irregu- lar pressures, as it will expand or con- tract a maximum of 40 cm. (153% in.), with average headroom in the chamber > of 2.5 m. (8 ft. 24% in.) (Lower Right) The Moll system is used both as illustrated and with wood sub- stituted in the lower section of the uprights, to permit expansion or con- traction in excess of 50 cm. under pressure. 1184—The Iron Age. November 5, 1931 Sparking Stops at Proper Balance ‘ 1! ‘ irk . i il Y l } Electri , : mae apes ‘ewe tric Spark Static-D c sparki tia ectric par aliC ynamic a ee ee a , ’ Additional adjustmet ul pl Balancing Machine vied to chtaler tan Righaah: degios at nsitivent when require r to per mit qui readings where tside 1 \ EW testing machines exhibited by tached to a light but stiff iting ation might irt } i r i the Tinius Olsen Testing Machin«s frame, constructed of eh-test , emporaril' The mair ts and Philadelphia, at the National minum alloy cross membe ind tubu pivots of the balancir I nay be Metals Exposition in Boston included lar steel side rails placed in ar lesired longitudinal } in Olsen Lundgren electrical spark At the right end ‘ ; rati? tion wit! elation tf the tv 1 ; ni-automatic horizontal cradle typé¢ frame is a housing ntaining al rrection in the part bei itic-dynamic balancing machin ustable artificial weight. v , inced hought to be the largest ever ex tates on the shaft it ot +} : After having esta hed the desired ted in the United States. Desig part being balanced r} weil a cia tion of the ar ture t nated as the style S, it is cz pable f idiusted to proper a1 : ‘ alanced with relation t the pivot ndling rotors weighing from 1 nd amount until it ~ er-bearing bracket n whicl 1000 lb. and is suitable for dynan alt palettes ta, 08 1 e part to be bala ites ma balancing Diesel engine cran rt being balar ' ; e located in ar nvenient ifts, electrical armatures, fans, tu tine unit ma b iSite n the balancing f ! I : ne rotors, rolls, ete. Other sizes of € two points } Bis nnvle tion of rir tyvle S machines will balar nobs at the fro? Ls. ! et enci! weighing from 4 to 15,000 take I ; Frame Oscillates on Spring Rods \apid operation and close accur features The operator car e¢ With the unbala aoa & y the progress of the balancins nd artificial un ! ition while the machine is in } U Drating tral | D s+ tai id Geomatics can, “ea ala , Useful Hydraulic Data ind aids materially in fast p1 rit rod Chi | | t I with accuracy The mac! rt elr iar , , 4 ‘ ! to operate, simple in const ng frame, | f ; and has a minimum of moving rig ae ts, so that long and accurat When the left-hand } ngage ‘ : ° 3 assured. nd the right-hand ] engaged i I Vi I r | i Shows Amount of Unbalanc: (is ante a —s - gta oe ae ihe amount of unbalance in a rot ine artificial ur ve z etc., tl ( , ting termined by adjusting, while th« adjusted—by mear f 1 fow of fluid through 1 mnder va ne 1S In motion, an artificial un tor while machine I I is Drt : r, weight until it is exact vithout 1 hing 1 i ' trength of eY ind opposite to the unbala nt itior atior i ‘ i. had Ay » te r. Reading of the amour r} require ! ner the snacit hwdre f no nils ? + f +hj artif | hing = +} y ; y . 4 ‘ ry +} gular position of this arti a C0)_i7 astinadhs ens The Iron Age. November 5, 1931 1185 EEE Power ] 186 The Hydraulic Lapper Combination Spin JAABRICATED steel and a combined hydrau and spindle feature the Ni Hog” single-spindle lapping ine machine brought out b line Tool Co., Moline, column comprises a 10% diameter pipe to which piece of 1-in. boiler plate, and extending the full lengt pipe. The spindle, which reciprocating member of the serves also as the hydrauli It is made of rately honed. is seamless tubir HREE methods of hand drive besides For controlling the spindle motor drive, may be utilized with cay a clutch within the driving reverse bend tester at left. The duc es tility tester (above) has automatic stop operated by means of leve o n the accompanying 1 Power is transmitted from tl 7™vwwyY horizontal shaft of the drivir to a worm shaft through which can readily ferent with a sle« Ve be change The gear speeds. worn large mounted New Bend and Ductility Testing Machines that acts asa driver ar ine for the spindle. Che piston rod is s tationary, eld by a bracket at the toy \ \ nserted ( ne macnine } nt I I | re thickne f ! 8) r ( }? ner ne gvraduated ip a i l { I Lif i! the |} nad whe \ stop ind elt! nd operated, a yr that the increase it é rn ) ? | itical pped t1o1 any . . , , fle cup Cher he top Operation cor ending I ! int released t the n bat AT rel ( ( A radu ind smoothly increase i iW t ] t! men tracture at vw CI ; ect DOU! cl up and an ! ‘ “ i re r i I i nt ade I A ) } , 1 1¢ ! ( m ne can be Cu a ae ce a r nder the Wher ’ t { it { I 1d q } , ? ? el ne 4 { T ae ) y . i con I I | I tne \ Y é } nte y ‘ i T at | T Tt i a eo. Operated Ductilit feste lent ¢ f " rs i 1? or I \ é é n e¢ imn. Like the spindl ( ( 1} Oil enters the ton ro or the downstroke and at C a ipstroke The spindle stroke ! istable to a maximum of 24 1! U l ite of reciprocation, adjustable r \ ! ( cor 1 means of a lever, is controlled ( ( ! f the 1 Oilgear motor in the base. Cyl i ! ! wear in the driving bushing is Iron Age. November 5, 1931 Pedestal Grinder with ane V-Belt Drive f ta 40 ULTIPLE V-be drive Bing z VI ployed in the nde trated, gl H ie ae Buil Kala astitl and wg ‘ ng W n I |t and Pipe Threader agg wag hi th Rotary Die Head — 2 MFG. CQ., ry : te ¥ R in be rm eader a 4} } B a An Mh Dynamic Balancer Employs Neon Locating Light The Iron Vorember 5. 1931 igre. - err oO } Y ex I t 4 AY I é lationship trafl tit ‘ ( T ic n ( th I I r I itom vile ‘Do ( he G \ Su vant to esta h traffic regu ' ‘ \\ \ () () ) ( W d { r i¢ é Che f er é M | | And hy B , y t nvest i é 4 fT in¢ ire @! ae in¢ g ability lecer ( n ser n | , hay al acca s : ve R { plar 4 tr: ! \ 1 of al I . : } ‘ ( (4 VI t Vert ()} > a s ; Responsibility to Labor il trading ! eat n nor ( ne +} ] ry va ? ted y only ) al ‘ , ss Fabricators Indorse Plan to Stabilize heir Industry D\ al ens¢ | re r and to the commur Mr. Fitch pointed out, the de tion of the structural steel mar} been due in largest measure effort to get orders to provide part-time work for employees. he said, “is the major cause bidding—almost the only cau extreme low bidding.” The importance of unemplo; relief as a by-product of the pla also stressed by W. M. Wood, Decat Ill.. who suggested that the built up under the scheme of a ments provided might be used a basis for an unemployment insura rogram for the industry. The plan contemplates a n \t the end of Resolution of Institute Asking Modification ent c 7 : I be computed of Anti-Trust Laws ’ othe ustries, 1 VI I i Defensive On e facin evere fina! ul difh i perhaps insolvency in 1 1 ne nea rut € I irtly it least } r¢ i or th present les i re | trictions on ind trial coopera ion, and WHERI AS, any future pros perity of this country is primar founded ‘ y oundead on the welfare yt c ommunities all overt this land di ' ; rectly dependent upon local in ] 1 austries, and 1 propert nd ( WHEREAS, American indus rive it t try must be able to discover at once the steps that may be taken i without fear of prosecution, to ’ ' Y ‘ orrect this condition, and WHEREAS, legislation will b \ | \ ’ dent Py introduced in the next session of ( ° © ( a iT ( ongres t umend the present 1188 The Iron A e, Vovember 5. 1931 y statutes relating to trade an commerce, now therefore be it RESOLVED, that this conven tion record itself as favoring any modification of the existing ant trust laws as will permit agree ments in industry tending t limit over-production in any line of endeavor, and be it further RESOLVED, that this conven tion instruct the board of dire« tors of the American Institute of Steel Construction to support with active effort any proper leg islation to attain this end that may be introduced in the next Congress and tnat the board be ordered to convey the opinion of this industry, at the prope time, to each Senator and Rep resentative and to the President of the United States Proposed Stabilization Plan for Structural Steel Industry Article | Article | Article IV A Article |] Self Regulation or Government Contro ne nee The Tron Age, November 5, 1931—1189 . ~ rs - > rity nt r oO! ep re ( n¢ I a eo Want Fai Difficulty Is Surplus (ver produc tion 1190 The fron Age. on Pre oh rved al otners ) ds which all O1ve ris¢ ) ciamol \ l ne pu nfor¢ tr ) l CHARLES N. FITTS Reelected President ( l l 1 ind the y ) y ‘ { her ? a ns¢ irs ‘ t ! W EY ‘ i T ( I ) I a T 7 yu na at ne du ind re engage ( stenc ) ’ y iif ] } eY el ner ? i) ment, } if ) i? 7 Y ? | nining l ea 1 ne Yr) ? ’ ’ ; yr ye} ( n in the Y l I a 1 : tally o1 ! I f f \ il tha 1? ') ca ? int 1 1 our ve } agreed t oun ‘ 1 fi? Capacity, Not ) ) ) ( ? } ] n Cor \ i I n (our aiff l T r a ’ er i ne ! f ) ( We must be ) il | 1 ! y t ( i\ CA? ? rg of l roperty may t reaucec t a r I n ! N Tab iting sh can resent rat ntinuously at 100 per cent hat f it apacit It could not nery pace with it mmitment We November 5, 1931 keep are not selling a commodity ey ing service. The commor dental to the work which We are tailors who cut } measure to the designs { 4 by our customers. Reserve Capacity Nec: F “The additional overhe: reasonable amount of resi is one that is and mu the public for the sake « reserve facilities at con is not a new principle, a cial building or apartme: financed on the basi of renting all the available tenants must pay for cai tain percentage ot vacant Over-capat } } ndusti therefore I ( 1u t fo l) ) tle ) iri ol i} ne ! l rn na I can nly | ( capacitle I be ised onl fied bv the demand Re vhat the demand fo t f 1? , (7 eT pe vd ur fabricato. I t 100 per ce ipa f tha thy, ve Oo nave ava LDi¢ il least a 25 per cent reserve to take care f emergenc futile triving to keep thi pe ent employed that ruil the 75 pet ent to whi istly entitled. ‘Most fabricators recog? nciple in general, but do 1 n individual inquiries. A l e at least as poter ne of depre l ) ) ome Tr f ! nare ( i i ordel herefore . e onon na I na easona l Inu tne i engag ISt realiZe l nnel and to the } 1 ] f 1 We 1] a ! ent a re rye : . ( nsiderable on yperation, which now it irther considera Local Associations to Be Formed ‘The local associatio1 the agency through wi! try houl eUtle it I and problems and the An of Steel Constru n sl the agency through whi try should deal with the ne agency to co rdinate the the local associations, an establishment of recognize practice rules of the industry. “The entire country might ided, as soon as po ible, int aistricts or areas and tion be organized in each su or area. This subdivision of try into districts should take (Conel ided 0) page 121 EF THE | 7 - ‘ a, Mr a~ *e = i : tS : Tl E U é i SS —_— + iL. t SAF }h Li ~—____ fala | | “a — AY a oe” ES. x Detroit Optimistic as Motor Car Production Slowly Gets Under Way i] /ETROI . Buick will be first important maker Buick and Chevrolet in produc \ yYild N ¥ to introduce 1932 models. With aM tion, Flint ts busiest automotive center in southern Michigan Ford Motor Co. has restored $6 day minimum rate for ordinary ; labor, which was in eftect from 1919 to 1929. During the »? months the $7 rate was in eftect, increased wage cost the ompan' 1 ’ $35,176,101, of } verage o $1,600,000 a mont No change in Ford sit ion, with be suppliers waiting n eleasée orders before starting production Chevrolet expected to make 40 000 cars in November Retail motor car sales in September estimated at 125,000 untts, with |? per cent in low-price class Y ' Ford Returns to 86 Daily Wage Chevrolet SOV I Starting The Iron November 5. 1931 1Tt9]1 ige, 1192 -T he Iron Vovember 1931 ) i) Ju vhat Re vill do obsole cence of equipme r ! ew changes are standing fact of ow ( R le line, which ha ation.” states Mr. Bal I é lan otne il this through two decades Na Packard, which it panding market ndu y ine during me} nave pa i il? nee If \ ’ gl riod T i ( i r¢ rY CT } ) ) veigh ¢ n | 1 i t eco! r I al i , I r a te he W Settlement ! age ettlement - r Steady Sheet P ) an mm hates Deven Sadia Fo ew Jersey Steel I rec H M ‘ am onofr a /VALemMbDeé n | \ ] \7 i) Vict i] ( { ’ r { \ 1 y a & wa \ \\ () Q \) y it 4 re A Says Mass Production Beene ia Migr Should be Regulated "B. Coleman, Ph S W | ( I in I | She ) P} : I ’ ? \< ] ’ y na Nai Dé 5 I eeche wel k ar Mr. D’A es ne } s1aeT ¢ { l¢ i nomins¢ } 1932 Representa Y \ . » ent fron the Ne Yor } ‘ « né . 1 Co., Chicago ha I rapid LaVielle Supply 05 W al ‘ ! eal Street, Louisville, Ky., as I ‘ ‘ t rod representative for gear I guard against reducers. mes A. Farrell Doubts Value of Economic Planning for Steel . ; M of Steel Corporation Tells Senate Committee of Difficulty of Stabilizing Business in His Industry q YASHINGTON, Nor 14 cs n M \ The Iron Age, November 5, 1931—1193 ... PERSONALS... Industrial sociated with the con years. R. W. Cook, vice-pres tory manager of the V Co., Bristol, Conn., was speak on the theory and TIY of springs at a mee dence, R. I., chapter Society for Steel Treatins fo tet 7. B STEVENSON ha central district advertisi he Westinghouse Ele Co., East Pittsburgh, charge of advertising centers of Pennsylvania Virginia and other Stat LEONARD J BUCK, Leonard J. Buck, Inc., N porter and Ipplier ol materials, left New Yy Bremen for a short bu Sweden and Germany. * * * “7 Od oe . . ; RALPH W. PAYNI + ] ] ‘ 4 _ pointed district railroad headquarters at 613 Fifteer N. W., Washington, for tl Hoist & Derricl Co St ef oo ote R. J. CHAMBLISS and §S NER have been appointed N representatives, with office at Forty-third Street, for the | Rolling Mill Co., Baltimore, M K SCHUMANN has been placed it * the newly-opened Philad fice at 1600 Arch Street. naam To Buy Machinery to Make Water Meters Che Pittsburg! Equits ist f 1 Col el ! \ ne n ne or 1 a ? ete! ] ¢ n imbet ( 1 1 ew 1 ne qaue n of 1 part According to W. F. Rocl I ne ( ! I ( , , ha or ance 01 initic int vithout increased et ne e new l 11? I lliding cor l ‘ O I nave not ¢ mete} eca ( ! naitursé na » be reduces \ ens¢ ire n \ elng ¢ onal funds will be pr er i a tion a 4n Robert S. Water Johr d William G. Heiner, P 1 been a] ntea rect National Radiator Corpn. M i 1ice-pre ent and I I f manufacture ! ne in¢ Vii He ine an a eivers will continu ! ) ness W. W. MACON ze. THE IRON AGE... Can Competition Be Harnessed? eT l na f ( ¢ } a ? T r¢ eTie > ( ( ) ) y ( my? ne | re ( ; é Q ; } ‘TD < , ry tT \ f mu y 4 re ) ¢ ) r fed | ere - I One-idea Deflationists MOMMODITY 1912 era ce ne ( 1196 -The Iron Age, juently paralyzii -Gerrenmeaagh AR 4 Vovember 5, A. I. FINDI Editor En (ESTABLISHED 1855) ri wr W first of all had to fall to that average though just what is magic or basic about week the America! war average is not clear. Then, after d yn indorsed a plat that specific prices have broken throug! adopted a resolutio1 level, perhaps through some revolutiona) ist laws. This making for markedly reduced costs, th ' ve interpreted than the general average, he urges, must tne distre I \ dow! If all specific commodities should ( re others wi 1913 or lower, he will perchance notice ( Le e had a nadir of prices. ) na that Let the extremist then argue fo! nttest to that level, and he becomes not a deflat arch destroyer who would bring ab: r"¢ inkruptcy. We join with those who wit! sunted on t economie currents would try to steer t ib] at large irse of our destiny, as against the ons ipacit Vv se ho make a fetish of repeating history der ot industria ittiy y A hn he ee Significance of Car Loadings loadings have been aln tionary since the middle of the year, wher: Oct. 1 1 would be ru dinary times by they greater than at the close fast all of this divergence wi Ld pel cent Moi ' By the hard and rules frequently used parisons,