The Iron Age 1931-03-05: Vol 127 Iss 10

THE IRON AGE New York, March 1931 ESTABLISHED 1855 VOL. 127, No. WHERE ARE THE NEW AND GROWING WHAT INDUSTRIES ARE THE MOST PROMISING URING the past year declining earnings, reduced divi- dends, deflation security prices and generally poor FOR business, the phrase “depression-proof” industries has MENT STEEL AND come have significant meaning. What are the “depression-proof” industries? What are the ELECTRIC industries that are not only shock-proof periods business REFRIGERATION crisis, but that promise, despite obstacles, make progress toward greater development? OUTSTANDING. The investing public and the purveyors materials and equipment have alike been eager their search for companies lines production distribution that have come through the trials and tribulations recent months not only with unimpaired record, but preferably with one that showed prog- ress and hope for the future. The horizons have been scanned for new growing indus- tries that would emulate, even though smaller measure, the rapid rise the automobile industry the past decade more. Wide Search for New Markets TEEL companies, machine tool makers and other material and equipment producers have been wide search for new markets for their products. has been recognized that perhaps new industry will spring that can possibly rival the auto- mobile industry its consumption the nation’s energies and resources. perhaps more logical expect that ten 757 Hes = 7 > its ‘ye ~ ie ig refrigeration industry has copied production methods automobile industry. scene along the assembly line the Frigidaire plant near Dayton, Ohio. Meat cabinets (opposite page) cooled electric refrigera- tion are wide use retail stores. Commercial sales 1930 were per cent the total business measured dollar volume. 758—The Iron Age, March 1931 dozen new growing industries may furnish the new markets that are being sought. One these electric refrigeration. From output 75,000 units 1924, the industry grew the production and sale 1,000,000 units 1930, and the 1931 schedules total 1,300,000 Estimated have consumed 150,000 tons steel last year, this industry offers potential market for 1,000,000 tons steel year, its statement cor- rect that only per cent the refrigeration market has been touched. campaign for the sale 1,000,000 household electric refrigerators this year. The com- mercial and industrial markets are still almost virgin territory. What more, the cooling our homes summer refrigerating units not visionary idea, and, although may not actually come for years, the growth refrigeration theaters, hotels and office buildings suggests that may nearer than think. One large manufacturer has used steel cabinets since its refrigerator was first placed the market. Others are increasing their use steel. The manu- facture cooling units and the forming metal cabinets has called for large purchases machine tools, one company alone having recently bought about $1,000,000 worth such equipment. Other Industries Offer Promise HERE are other industries, some scarcely be- yond the first development stage, that promise eventually rival electric refrigeration strides, once they get firm foothold. One out- standing potentialities the building steel houses and other small structures. Another, closely related, the fabrication complete bathrooms and kitch- ens steel, with standardized equipment, ready for assembly and installation. Television and talking picture machines for the home are actual accomplish- ments, though their commercial development, large scale, remains for the future. But electric refrigeration ready-made industry, already substantial proportions, with promising outlook for large growth. q J a ¢ » J ( netal 7? f Electric Refrigeration Rapidly Growing Industry BURNHAM FINNEY ~ A troit Ed tor, industries making products listed generally weathered the 1930 business storm without feeling some ill effects. little short amazing, therefore, discover industry, still perhaps the luxury class, which showed gain sales last year per cent compared with 1929. Yet that the achievement manufacturers elec- tric refrigerators. fact, the almost overnight growth electric refrigeration one the most intriguing business romances. Although the first unit was built about 1910, the industry languished for more than decade, its progress having been interrupted during the war and the years reconstruction immediately fol- lowing. has been estimated that from 1910 1920 only 10,000 units were produced. the next four years total output jumped 75,000 units. was not until 1925, however, that the iron and steel mills, makers castings, and machinery equip- ment companies began recognize electric re- frigeration market mean proportions. that year the industry made more units than the previ- ous years combined. Nineteen twenty-six brought doubling 1925 activities, and the succeeding years have registered tremendous gains, until 1930, against the somber background business depres- Tne Age sion, the industry made and sold for the first time 1,000,000 refrigerators. Goal for 1931 1,300,000 Units Electric refrigerating companies are not content pause after such accomplishment, for they al- ready are pushing ahead their 1931 goal total 1,300,000 units; and reasonable expect that they will attain it. Despite the phenomenal strides the last five years, they have scarcely tapped their market the household, commercial and industrial fields. Although industrial use electric refrigeration swiftly, main effort manufacturers has been concentrated which now constitute about per cent total sales. figured that every wired home the United States prospect. there are more than 21,000,- 000 these and perhaps 3,000,000 families now own- ing electric refrigerators, the industry has sold less than per cent its potential market. engrossed putting its product into homes which never before have known anything but the daily visit the ice man that paying practically attention replacements. least this the testi- mony the sales manager one the The Iron Age, March 1931—759 ipé mise apid rapl itch- lish- Refrigerating systems providing cool drinking water for workmen industrial plants open vast market. Here one unit the system installed the Geometric Stamping Tool Co., Cleveland. Note the saving floor space placing the refrig- erating equipment overhead. makers. has trade-in problem and not likely have one for number years. sure, few owners have turned their old models part pay- ment new units, but such arrangements are en- tirely the dealer’s responsibility without help from the factory. Commercial and Industrial Markets Scarcely Tapped While household refrigeration has been the chief reliance most companies, they also have been keenly alive the commercial possibilities. Although only per cent the unit sales 1930 were classed commercial, they amounted dollar volume per cent the aggregate business done the industry. This explained the fact that the average com- 760—The Iron Age, March 1931 mercial unit order much larger than household installation. survey the commercial market reveals its breadth. Meat shops, groceries, delicatessens, soda fountains, restaurants, hotels, clubs are among the users. Beyond these already established outlets, how- ever, lie other possibilities which may developed the near future. There are refrigerating units for frozen meats, which have been introduced limited number retail stores. There are units built into trucks for the transportation perishable foods. There the refrigerating equipment for railroad cars now kept cold ice transcontinental journeys. Turning for moment from the commercial mar- ket, one finds industrial market which almost virgin soil. Most companies have been busy with the household and commercial activities that they have had little time devote selling refrigerated water systems industrial plants employing thousands men. The comparatively few installations which have been made have already demonstrated their economy; the result that the larger electric refrigeration makers now have industrial sales divisions expand this lucrative side their businesses. Although not matter the immediate future, some executives envision the time when electric re- frigeration, its household applications, will not confined the kitchen. Entire rooms will cooled summer, much theaters and other public build- ings maintain temperature deg. means large refrigerating systems. Experiences Automobile Industry Have Been Drawn Upon its management the electric refrigeration in- dustry has drawn heavily upon the personnel and experience the automobile industry. One the leaders, Frigidaire, important subsidiary General Motors; another reputed backed finan- cially interests closely affiliated with the automobile world; third has its head the president prominent Michigan automobile company. not surprising, therefore, that the younger industry re- sembles the older its merchandising methods and its manufacturing processes. Mass production conveyor assembly lines was popular almost from the start. Electric refrigeration even more seasonal product than automobiles; consequently has al- ways been faced with the problem maintaining effective selling force through prolonged lean winter period. has become expedient, under the circumstances, tie sales whenever feasible with another seasonal product which demand during the fall and winter. General Motors has re- lied upon radio accomplish this purpose, many Frigidaire dealers handling General Motors radios. Other electric refrigerator makers have encouraged dealers take radio accounts oil boilers tide them over the winter months. the hand, one the larger manufacturers disapproves this practice general rule, but grants the concession representatives some rural com- > — q % i 4 ‘ 4 5 4 | | | I | munities and the excep- tionally cold Northwestern sections the country. Sales electric refriger- ators are means con- fined dealers specializing this particular commod- ity the exclusion other articles, for public utility companies, furniture houses and even drug stores now are soliciting business. The latter have come into the field since the introduction low-priced, popular mod- els; each store usually car- ries only one floor sample. However, showing that this outlet worth considerable cultiva- tion the part the man- ufacturer. view the fact that the domestic market has offered such rich opportunity for increased sales, some electric refrigerator companies have preferred devote only limited energy foreign trade. This does not mean, however, that countries outside the United States are not good prospects. Last year perhaps, per cent the total business the industry came from foreign users, measured number units, with household installations mak- ing about three-fourths the aggregate volume, this country. The foreign sales were not even- divided among the leading makers, the percen- tage the total orders for individual concerns ranged from per cent. important manu- facturer authority for the statement that most LECTRIC refrigeration has “come into its the past five years, providing outlet for 150,000 tons steel annually well demand for other metals and machinery. Amidst the depression which befell its neighbors, last year made and sold 1,000,000 units Yet has covered less than per cent its potential mar- kets, which lie three fields—house- hold, commercial and industrial divisions. All-steel units are gaining rapidly favor and soon may entirely replace wood for the first time. foreign countries “have not yet become ice conscious, say nothing about electric refrigeration.” find that per cent the industry’s production has been concentrated the hands five six com- panies. The meteoric growth electric refriger- ation the last five years brought with the usual consequences: influx manufacturers who had had previous experience refrigeration, but saw golden chance diversify their lines and attain high profits; overexpansion production the gradual weeding out the unfit, and survival those possessing long ex- perience, good management and adequate financial resources. Cooperative Organization Formed Expand Markets Perhaps the industry was restrained from more spectacular rise than actually occurred the dis- inclination manufacturers support trade asso- ciation help solve some the problems facing in- dividual companies and push cooperatively sell- ing program. This, however, has recently been remedied agreement among producers work toward common goal expansion markets. The newly organized Electric Refrigeration Bureau (Continued page 842) Refrigerating units move along roller conveyor assembly lines the Frigidaire plant. The Iron Age, March i : ~ State, City and Metal Trades Unite Training Workers RAINING foremen that they will better equipped for leadership, the teaching apprentices modern machine tools similar those they will find the shop when they leave school and encouragement employees metal-working companies broaden their education through further study are the chief purposes cooperative program recently put into effect Cin- cinnati the combined efforts the local branch the National Metal Trades Association, the voca- tional education department the Cincinnati pub- lic schools and the Ohio State department voca- tional education, together with other Cincinnati educational institutions. 762—The Iron Age, March 1931 this comprehensive program perhaps the most interesting development the successful conduct conference classes foremen from Cincinnati’s metal-working plants taught important execu- tives the industry. Since 1927 Jenkins, supervisor foremanship training for the Ohio State Board Education, has been holding teachers’ train- ing conference leadership meetings with repre- sentatives Cincinnati’s mechanical trades, some executives having completed the work. last September plans for evening classes foremen were made, with human engineering the main topic discussion. Enrollment for classes was taken through edu- cational advisers the metal-working shops, with the result that total 267 men responded. Until recently was difficult organize classes meet the individual plants, few factories had enough foremen make the venture practicable. However, creation mechanical trades school under the di- rection the vocational education department the Cincinnati public schools provided central meet- ing place. Enrollment Exceeds Expectations was hoped that would possible limit membership the classes each, but the response the call was enthusiastic that even- tually classes were organized, ranging size from members. Assignment classes was made the basis experience, two classes con- sisting men who had participated some extent conference groups and eight men who had had previous experience. Five classes were meet Monday evenings and five Wednesdays for period weeks. Enrollment was large that foremen were held over organized into classes beginning Jan. 12. analysis 115 application cards filled out foremen showed that the men ranged age years. The largest number men handled foreman attending the classes was 175. Leaders classes were selected from the group which had completed the work launched 1927. After meeting for preliminary conferences with Mr. Jenkins and Arundel, director vocational education the Cincinnati public schools, the lead- ers applied for State vocational teaching certificates. mit the size was tent had ra hundred and sixty-seven foremen Cincinnati’s metal- working plants have been attending conference classes sponsored jointly the local branch the National Metal Trades Association, the voca- tional education department the Cincinnati public schools, and the Ohio State department vocational education. This part comprehensive educational program, described this article, which already has re- sulted establishment mechan- ical trades school equipped with $75,000 worth machinery loaned Cincinnati companies, and appointment educational advisers every shop the city help office and shop employees select educational institutions from which they will derive the most benefit. which were granted. The list teachers included men who could not possibly have been secured for this work without the influence and cooperation the industrial companies which they represented. The group consisted Mitchell, employment manager, Cincinnati Bickford Tool Co.; Emory Frick, superintendent pattern shop, Worthington Pump Machinery Corpn.; Rickwood, works manager, Stuebing division, Yale Towne Mfg. John Seegar, assistant general manager, Tool Steel Gear Pinion Co.; Charles Otte, assistant superin- tendent, American Tool Works Co.; Yoder, manager Multi-V-Drive division, Worthington Pump Machinery Corpn.; John Herking, superintendent apprentices, Cincinnati Bickford Tool Co.; Benja- min Mersch, shop superintendent, Cincinnati Shaper Co.; Nettleton, assistant superintendent, Tool Steel Gear Pinion Co.; and Johnston, assistant superintendent, Lodge Shipley Machine Tool Co. substitute teachers the classes had George Seyler, works manager, Lunkenheimer Co.; Max Robin- son, director personnel, Cincinnati Milling Ma- chine Co.; William Schneider, superintendent, Edna Brass Co.; and William Dolle, sales engineer, Lodge Shipley company. Program Subjects Well Balanced Mr. Arundel said the foremen’s courses, believe that this one the most significant move- ments education that any industry has ever sup- ported.” However, they might termed the post- graduate course program evening classes for the mechanical trades, which embraces mechan- ical drawing, strength materials, machine design, shop mathematics, machine shop practice and pat- tern making. Enrollment these courses was con- fined employed men and women over years age who desired additional knowledge training along the lines their present occupation. Each teacher conducted class special sub- ject. The topics for the meetings making the course were: Waste Elimination Giving Orders and Directions The Foreman’s Job tight Man the Right Job Analysis Yourself and Job Improving Men Maintaining Discipline Leadership Dealing with New Man Metal-Working Plants Provide School Equipment order that students may have the opportunity learning how operate modern machine tools and increasing their knowledge wood patterns, Cincinnati’s metal-working plants have loaned the Mechanical Trades School $75,000 worth ma- chine tools and other machinery the latest design. (Continued page 842) The Iron Age, March 1931—763 ntil ver, eet- lled oup Mr. ~ Saving Weight Building Navy 10,000-Ton Cruisers HEN the Washington Conference Limi- tation Naval Armaments concluded its labors 1922 left the stipulation that cruisers should not exceed 10,000 tons dis- placement. There has been great effort the part the five leading naval powers pack into such limited size all the military characteristics possible. Guns, machinery, armor, sea-keeping qualities, fuel en- durance—these are but few the leading elements involved. paper read last November before the Society Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Rear Ad- miral George Rock, chief constructor, U.S.N., told good deal about how the designs some these ves- sels were worked out. Much what follows from his paper. Saving hull weight became the primary problem design. the other hand, the ship whole and its various details must strong enough for the work intended. addition, the weights must fore- cast with such accuracy that overweight beyond the allowed displacement would result. Welding Largely Employed Welding was more generally called for and employed than any previous class ships built for the United States Navy. There was general adoption weld- ing throughout the ship’s structure whole, was felt that insufficient experience had been had warrant placing full reliance this method joining plates, except special instances. However, where local strength, rather than general structural strength, was involved, and for the attaching fittings, welding was generally called for. Throughout the first and second platform decks, for- ward and aft, the most extensive welding was specified. These decks are generally 12-lb. plating (0.22 0.3 in. thick.) Throughout their extent this plating has been joined full, continuous welding and con- 764—The Age, March 1931 nected the supporting beams light, intermittent welds. Besides this, all seams and butts the super- structure deck, upper platforms and deck houses are completely welded. Moreover, special welded brackets were specified for the stiffeners all bulkheads. most extensive use welding was the water and oil pipes throughout the ship, which the build- ers were required use welding the greatest pos- sible extent. Practically all sections pipe were con- nected butt welding, while the usual cast fittings were replaced fittings welded construction. this means flanges, bulkhead fittings and cast elbows and tees were eliminated almost entirely and the whole pipe system built means welding. Welding was used also throughout the whole ship for the attaching fittings decks and bulkheads, the construction hatches and hatch frames, and for the attaching pads for door and hatch fittings. requirement the specifications stated that, gen- eral, welding would permitted all foundations, stowages, clips, fittings, etc., throughout the ship, pro- vided the final weight was equal less, and strength equal greater, compared with riveting forgings castings. Light Material Extensively Used For some time the Navy had been experimenting the use aluminum alloys board ships. difficulties due corrosion sea air and under the influence sea water had been serious. These, how- ever, had been practically eliminated, and where local strength only was involved was felt that they could safely used. Consequently, this material was adopted generally throughout the ship for such minor divisional bulk- heads living space, office partitions and staterooms. All furniture, such built-in bunks, tables, desks, chiffoniers, lockers, etc., were built alumi- num alloy. All chairs for officers’ cabins, staterooms, = UTTING weights with- out diminishing needed strength was done many ways building the new 10,000-ton cruisers. And experience with one ship led extensions the prac- tice the next. How this was done told briefly here. mess rooms and offices were the same material. Besides these interior items numerous fittings, such air port frames, lens frames and blast covers all air ports and above the second deck were made aluminum alloys. Ladder treads and the bed-plates motors and auxiliaries were made the same ma- terial, when not subject shock. was found neces- sary, using these materials, avoid intimate con- tact and such dissimilar materials steel, brass, bronze copper. Where such contact would have occurred insulating material was inserted between the faying surfaces the two metals. Other weight-saving devices outside the metal end were adopted, including teak deck only in. thick, place the customary in., and sheathing in. cork inside the frames throughout the liv- ing spaces place the light metal sheathing cus- tomarily employed. Saving Weight Paint Aluminum paint was adopted generally prim- ing coat throughout the ship, and finishing coat for storerooms and lower deck spaces. Compared with oil paint, this represented considerable saving weight. result all these precautions, some which were developed after the ships were well under con- struction, the first two cruisers finished weigh ap- proximately 650 tons less than the estimate the original design. Detinning Scrap New Process NEW process for detinning scrap tin plate dis- trial Engineering Chemistry for August. based the fact that dilute solutions tartaric acid dis- solve tin the presence excess air oxygen while the iron unattacked. The detinning apparatus used consists per- forated steel cylinder which contains the tin plate scrap. The cylinder turned steel shaft which passes through the length the cylinder and de- tinning tank. the detinning process the solution level regulated cover about one-third the cross- sectional area the cylinder. The scrap subjected the alternate action acid and air. Three hours found the most efficient length time con- duct detinning and the acid most effective per cent concentration. After detinning the solution contains stannous tar- trate. The tin may recovered from the solution precipitation sulphide with hydrogen sulphide. The tin from the stannous tartrate replaced the hydrogen from the hydrogen sulphide and tartaric acid recovered. There slight loss tartaric acid this reaction owing decomposition, which about 0.10 gram acid per gram tin recovered. The tin sulphide may converted into the chloride treating with hydrochloric acid. The detinned scrap contains about 0.10 per cent tin which low render suitable for steel melting scrap. Various electrical developments, many which per- tain the steel industry, are discussed recent book- let issued the Westinghouse Electric Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, entitled Engineering Achievements During 1930. The booklet, which contains pages, profusely illustrated and contains general rather than technical descriptions the installations covered. The Iron Age, March ngs ons, ngs ally ulk- erpetual Inventory Control Tied PLANT which makes more less standardized product, and turns out fairly uniform rate, month and month out, may have many Inasmuch, how- ever, its operations result passing those parts through the assembly line fairly steady rate, in- items its parts inventory. ASSEMBLY ORDER coffee mill and meat chopper type, SIDNEY PRODUCT 100 HRI-15,1 HP, int. rep. motor, vent, 110/220 jvolts, 60 cycle, 1750 HPM, single phase, waste packed bearing constr. no base, or pulleys, bring out 4 leads long. Rotation clockwise facing com. Constr. per sales spec. 999-B. not stamp size nameplates. PART PARTS LIST 16969-D 100 Frame Rings 100 Pins O 100 Fr. Caps & Encl, Covers Complete | 200 Bearings | 200 Bearing Ret. Screws 200 Upper Frame Screws 200 Lower Frame Screws 200 Stator Screws 100 Brush Rings Holders 100 Brush Ring 100 | * Screws 100 Brush Lower Clamp | oil Gauges back - front 100 Bipples- front 400 Endplay Washers 200 - O 100 | Nameplates i} x00 Bearing Encl. Covers 100 HRI-15 wound Armatures as per #15 D.C. SEE SHEET 766—The Iron Age, March 1931 DATE 11/26/30 NO.OF SHEETS 2 SHEET NO. APPROVED BY SHIPPING ORDER NO. 46757-4 PROER NO tain period. KOON ventory control simple. ASSEMBLY ORDER PRODUCT NO. CLASS QUAN NIT | need only see that there all times sufficient quantity available take care manufacturing requirements over cer- This period usually the time neces- sary acquire definite lot the parts, through manufacture purchase, with perhaps margin take care possible delays. Quite another prob- lem that which faces plant making great things. And especial- this true when little, except some the details, may have any semblance standardization. the business Eastern manufacturer elec- trical equipment great deal speciali- zation enters. Rough- ly, half the output dollar value rep- resented special electrical devices descriptions, most which are highly technical. The remainder the out- put consists small electric motors tics, and also considerable extent along specialized lines. perpetual inven- tory method has been devised for control both storeroom accu- bursements ductive activities. 1—Assembly order for 100 motors, showing how items are checked against in- ventory cards, and parts orders issued against shortages. mati tacle clerk mea are The subt take plan gin whe sem mim ther for well the offic dep: der, cha reac nun fill not iten the SIZE 15 — “TOTA 76997 Vv 52951 11782 a ORE and more industry turning precise methods control— pressures, temperatures, timing operations and handling orders with Production Control and inventories. 4 About 16,000 cards the live list carry the infor- control room. Here every item the list becomes mation contained within the perpetual inventory de- the basis for examination the corresponding partment this plant. These are divided among inventory card, and determination whether the several clerks, each whom works from one recep- material stock will have ordered. tacle “tub,” containing perhaps 4000 cards. Each Taking the case Fig. check mark immedi- 1 clerk has bookkeeping, calculating typewriter ately the right the piece number indicates two means which the entries are made the cards. The machines add and an “i aa ASSEMBLY ORDER | ASSEMBLY taken out. SHEET Orders coming into the APPROVED [tem A | These assembly orders are | 1000- g16z1z0 Cords,plugs and butto | except less Cords pce.#216 { der, calling for 100 1-hp. 100- Ditto. ft. single control office, carrying . 9 i) required, together with the fill the order, checked order department for mul tiples. not stocked. Subsequent then sent the inventory 2—Assembly order for Signaling cords, tying with separate sub-assembly lists. The Iron Age, March 1931—767 25); || 4 | i things. First, states that sufficient number parts stock. Second, indicates that the num- ber called for the order question has been de- ducted from the available list the perpetual inven- tory card (which will explained later), thereby in- suring that overdrafts the supply will not made. ASSEMBLY PARTS LIST AND PRODUCT Single foot 4 conductor Tirex Cord complete with plugs and buttons (5 lights Shell Mounting Block Locking Screws, Brass Contact Springs Contact Spring Contact Spring Guard Common Spring Guard Spring Guard Br. low flat Hd. Br. low flat Hd. 5/52 Ylunger Spring Plunger Assembled Stop Spring Brass Screw Brass Screws Screws, Brass Guide Rod Spring Receptacle Contact rlugs Contact Plug Washers, Brass Tag Form #1058 Boxes (See note below) Assemble mounting block Inspect complete and pack (See note below Inspect NOTE: When Del. Strs. 3—Sub-assembly assembly parts list, amplifying the data Fig. and simplifying the procedure passing orders through the system. Where there shortage the part required, that fact designated the letter the checking column, whereupon the necessary orders are once placed for replenishment the supply those parts which may short. still further condition may exist that order replenish this supply may already out- standing. This produces the requisition number 768—The Iron Age, March 1931 stock, #21611 the assembly order the column headed. still further quantity required beyond that already order, further or- der, course, must placed. may that the draft the stock will reduce the quantity hand point below the standard low limit (or danger line) shown the face the inventory card. this case, again, order once placed for the standard quan- tity which experience shows the most satisfactory amount order any one time. variant this method handling orders occurs when happens that stand- ard set-up carrying considerable number parts enters into the requirements. Such sub-assembly, speak, may made all the same, virtually so, for number different mechanism, motors otherwise. avoid the necessity for large amount typ- ing for parts which are likely re- peated over and over again, special assem- bly parts lists and operation sheets have come into use. One Fig. called for under Item the assembly order shown Fig. the upper right corner will found the piece number. This one item appearing (Fig. prepared the engineering de- partment. ing the production con- trol department, copy this sub-assembly sheet, which supply the file, taken out and the quantity individual parts extended ac- cordance with the number such sub-assemblies required. This sheet then becomes part the assembly order, and passed through the inventory control cards exactly the same manner. The parts called for are deducted from the parts available storerooms, new orders are written for such parts | — ORDER 15900 15901 15899 46576 72916 11066-F 11066 | 10919- 70555 ERATIONS | PC.NO. NO. 2500 Moulded Shells B/p ost his of Receive & inspect. ler Drill & C'sink se. Inspect. for yp- 100 Frame Rings ich re- need replenishment and check made whether the supply avail- able getting into dangerous waters. for Taking Care Contingencies Experience over long period years has shown the company about what percentage must added each order for special parts, make sure that the total number required his will hand when needed. wherein order placed for the cast iron frame castings for the mo- tors covered Fig. The first item that list Fig. 100 frame rings, which are non-stand- ard, and are not carried stock, and the production order No. 76997. bly Fig. this production order itself. will seen that 103 castings ac- DO muT are ordered delivered from ing. The extra three castings are keeping with the company’s expe- base rts rience that about per cent this Drill particular type part may become Del. Stores rts damaged the manufacture the MATERIA QUAN. | UNIT Patt. 9547 motor. course, less than three parts are damaged there will small surplus. the other hand, more than three parts are damaged, additional order will have placed. Instructions the bottom for the use departments and take care whatever machining other operations these particular parts should have, and designate where the parts will ultimately delivered, prior their final assembly into the motors. course, these orders for proc- essing take two forms. One them has with the purchase parts from the outside, with subse- side purchase (at left). 4—(Below) Requisition for the frame rings—first item Fig. with instructions two departments cov- ering machining operations. NO. TOTAL cost MACHINES AND TOOLS Drill #28, Tap The Iron Age, March 1931—769 art ae 1S Signals. PATTERN Noll i the Al 6000 Guide Rods for Push Buttons o MATERIAL Inspect Material TOTAL MATERIAL COST Gauge stop Thread Chaafer Out off Wash Inspect Bright dip. Deliver to Stores #6 6—Requisition for manufacturing parts from raw material stock. quent processing the part the plant. The other has with processing part from raw stock already the plant otherwise ordered. Samples these two cases are shown Figs. and Along with Fig. comes Fig. carbon the original order for certain parts, which carries near the upper right corner record the receipt these parts several shipments. These receipts are taken care of, each its own tag receiving slip, and the date shown. Thus proper routing these various assembly orders becomes possible keep touch all times with the progress each order, and able in- form the customer about when the shipment can made. The scheduled dates starting operation any piece and passing the next department are provided for the central part Figs. and This does not happen filled this case, but that where the chaser has his guide following material through the shop. Double-Faced Inventory Cards this method has been worked out, the heart the entire system the inventory card. This cardboard, measuring about in., and worked from both sides. the face, which shown 770—The Iron Age, March 1931 72904 PROD.OR QUAN. UNIT MATERIAL COMPL SCHED. DATE START MACHINES ANO TOOLS Fig. record the upper half shows all orders for parts, and the state completion thereof. the lower portion this side the card shown the applica- tion the parts and various or- ders for work process through the plant. the reverse, this card divided into two parts, left and right. The left part shows the physical condition the bin shelf the stockroom which those parts are kept. Additions are made when new parts are re- ceived and deductions when parts are actually withdrawn into production. the right side the record shows how much material available, after taking care all known demands not yet phys- ically satisfied. Raw stock the shape sheet steel brass, rods bars either metal, and other material carried the cards convenient measures. Sheets and rods and some other things are pounds. wire, both insulated and un- insulated. Square feet linear fit other things. This being the case, all entries the cards, whether receipt withdrawal, are made the standard quantity measure use for the particular item. This ex- plains why, Fig. production order 75995 calls for lb. brass rod, specified size, make 6000 guide rods for push buttons. Ex- perience has shown that the quantity called for will make the order, with perhaps small margin for con- tingencies. Movement such assembly parts list itself (Fig. simple. The original and one white car- August 22, 1950 SPEC. INS. MFG. COMPANY YORK 125 Amory St. (16) 2500 Push Button Shells, DUPLICATE ORIGINAL ORDER 7—Company record the outside purchase order Fig. PC.NO. NO. Signals. SSUED FROM) TO > i il DEPT OPERATIONS “ il 18 | #62747 756 Low Limit vailak Lhs./ Ft. Standard Ordering 10,000 Quantit for 2500 QUAN. DELIVERED QUAN. APPLIED BALANCE APPLIED bon copy the schedule man the sixth floor. Another white copy and one salmon paper the storeroom from which the material de- livered. The storekeeper retains the salmon copy his record and, when delivering the parts the manufacturing department, sends his white copy the inventory control. The original, meantime, has gone from schedule man storeroom, and thence, along with the parts, the manufacturing depart- ment. Meantime, before these copies are sent schedule man and storekeeper, the items called for have been posted the perpetual inventory card (right side Fig. longer available for future orders. the language international gold movements, they are “earmarked.” When the white copy comes back from the storekeeper, the materials delivered manu- facturing department are charged off the card (left side Fig. 9), and, far parts inventory con- cerned, they longer exist. INVENTORY CARD STORE LOCATION SECTION SHELF 10,000 OLD DATE 8—Face perpetual inventory card, showing status orders for the parts, standard ordering quantity, and application quan- tities work process. How this works out may seen tracing item two Fig. Near the bottom, right, there were 7017 pieces “available” after posting pieces April 12. left, same date, there were 7017 pieces hand” stockroom, for the pieces were physically removed from stockroom that date. assembly orders were outstanding, calling for more pieces; otherwise the “available” and “on would not agree. ‘ April 13, 3000 pieces were posted under “avail- able,” reducing the available balance that amount. But these 3000 pieces were not physically withdrawn from stockroom until May and hence the stockroom record showed the larger number hand until that date. Similarly, 2000 posted under “available” April were not physically withdrawn from stock- room until June 14, nearly two months later. Order numbers, each case, serve identify these trans- actions. And the condition stock always shown com- The Age, March 1931—771 ir 250- 00” =f ot | | 7% : ee ¥ AVAILABLE | > | < | + 500 | | | | | | | | | | | | if bh t right th tock l \ +} rad > +} 5 i ! i I ‘ ras, prece iN ; has ordered. wh } rae! \ (4290 V ‘Ve } | "9 ry 102 : Mare h ige Make Ne » | | H ere | ( | rr l 4 | H 4 Fact | r I (,reat 1 i} life merchandisable Lake iro: ore, variously estimated from years, will prolonged for many decades through improved methods beneficiation, according opinions pressed round table meeting the American Institute Mining and Metal lurgical Engineers, held New York Feb. 17. Sintering generally preferred briquetting nodulizing, mainly the score cost. Present practice, believed, will much improved more experience gained. Recovery the large tonnages fines also receiving increasing consideration. Sintering | i | | It, DeCAaUSe Ot Ti ere engaged concentrating ry . + } + + yeal Na riquett much greater mre? al ore \T +) via | | | » - gos ps the Sintering Should Done ‘ ney ne in th nits } were Suggests Advance Present Method af How Bethlehe Dae It peadkers cro! ‘ ‘ { \ ‘ ot ‘ | ‘ ‘ ana sit” I ‘ t! ‘ I I I = I - 79 & | The Iron Age. March | | Continuous Type Pair and Shee Furnaces Increases Output Wavs l itudinal sists mills ! | | ot | eal \\ RACTICALLY double capacity reported from the use continuous type pair and sheet furnaces, without addition the equipment described walking-beam type conveyor used the furnace, advance the steel being heated without any way marring it. Steel released from the furnace push-button control from the rolls, which reaches immediately gravity rollers between furnace and mill The Age. March 1931 —_— HOLLINGER 7 Ve! | | | | { | ELIVERY side sheet mills, with furnaces background. Above center special crane equipment, permitting the cab and load run monorail and thu into another department normalizing furnace, viewed from cooling zone end. The sheets pass throug rollers actuated the long shaft, with gearing seen alongside the = j q f 7 The Age. March » “yy 1931 | if j | { + { ~ is { | = = | | - for sheets, rear the finishing are carried through the furnaces < The fron \ 5 4 o — as platform DY im conveyor below showing the lines gravity A — ca j - ‘ i: e furnaces, showing left foreground the type q box-annealin > ' for holding sheets while the EAR the battery box t would e neated ¢ la t i! ‘ I cratcning r ma { | nvevor mechanisn ent ted fror alu, a } hell i} l i i i ie r b if I I I i 1 i i hed re 1} ird a neler Close le perature { War | re ret) t t | iT] iil ‘ \ that ard » ] | | = | +} The Iron tee March ii? ; J 4 side six the box-annealing furnaces, showing cannon balls which the boxes ride and heaps sand used for making air seals in be galvanized in it motor-operated rolls, intak apacity this unit 150 Air cylinders just above the regulating the pressure that the sheets, which turn reg iting also gives Industrial Research Laboratories pu hed { W: i sull I a pal ) AY ( vyhere ‘ re ilwat «A { ( Pal Ca irral t VT) | ! coverer he dire i orat tl | } { A i ) ral nstance f A i ore han 60 pel Cel ta ’ 2&0 The lron te March 5. 193] | | hte) mating 4. 2 ed Stale including Inclusions and and Effect Stee Impact Strength n d W A LT E KINZEL Dynamic Strength Vi n IMPACT SPECIMEN LOCATION SPECIMENS ROUND LOCATION SPECIMENS Micro for inclusion impact —Tensile impact —Tensile impact and impact vacuum fusion Turnings for analysis March The Iron | i | 4 B A Dp DA | l iste] vith ha } it ‘ j ; ] | alloy steel committee i? Stes 1) ry +, +} the re ; | A M determine ‘ lantitative effect try) t hy } Inted Inclusions and } pact tre 1 wh er if ent it foforr { rmalized steels, but that factors other than read j ote “ / ‘ 14 o* + 4 £4 nrepare here re riG. | ngitudinal E ter transvers the il precaut ! \ re Kel i rie a 3 ~ INCLUSION COUNT ON-METALLIC inclusions have direct effect the strength values steel and this effect intensified the harder steels, according paper herewith abstracted, which was read Feb. before the American Institute Mining and Metallurgical Engineers New York. Aggregate length all microscopically visible inclusions standard area was taken satisfactory Similarly, the tensile-impact test was the dynamic quality the steels studied any inclusions Careful study specimens befor that the apparent size Should the sulphides irs and read Conclusions TENSILE IMPACT TESTS mater q a 7 4 4 t 7 4 otoehine } } } based the steels | | | I | lhe lron fee, March | nal to tnen ¢ I vril a tppy + I 4 to? ot} + } rtiant nflue +h} ty; ry ed +} 4 } } i> ] I Wi e s t} ry { Visible inclu ; } a 4 Stee Inclusions St lied Jury 1 nt ) } wey Sur Sfeel ry by I Dean, United Stat t ne th ‘ LOT I> ) 4 ci? 1) ) =a lar that hey | bel I +4 pattern u at leveld round A } } 3luminum alloy win which will t a th four r r ft tower 1 tr t pir Stat Build New Y x T permit easier handling ind sHippin th lar cti wer i nail r t nt The wings. as well as the aluminum alloy covering the tow being finished ’ nd biast ft w h they j raved wit 9 liquid solution containing 6 5 r cent whit pa ttin. and rubbed with ches cloth rT} > promisé betwe n a sand blasted and a Jeplated fi h | | or The Tron ige. March 193] | 4 | } | | — Pipe line the parts the with bol Heat-Treated Pipe Couplings for Long-Distance Gas Lines ontinuous and aut the same ti! Where the ( { ()} Layout the furnace and press department, showing overhead conveyors dotted lines and gravity and other conveyors solid lines. 8&4 The lron ige. March 5. 1931 y q | | | 7 tut | Outside the two furnaces, showing the gas connections means which they are fired. foreground are piles blanks for forming flanges the ramifications the thriving business installing pipe lines lies the preparation couplings which make high-pressure line possible. How these couplings are made and heat treated told some detail this article. Continuous conveyors are employed, carrying the parts through both the forging furnace and the heat-treating furnace. thus avoiding heavy handling costs high-grade coupling can made reasonable unit cost. The Age. March 1931 —— nd are delivered hot t} forming ‘ t the fur? ‘ rot t i? DlANKS are Nanded tron e tne ther | ‘ 4-3 nit his } ‘ ~ i i pera inns I i ] i IT] ! ‘ i ii > i vey | | | | | | Entrance end showing how the members traverse the out side and sprocket the end their parallel run, takin the work through shaped opening 4 | : q 7 ™ view + two furnace left, and one right background This show the center The fee March >. 1931 A > J | q | | | 7 | 4 | | 7 : gi? ~ > ~ ~ ~ = = = ~ Measures Stress Welded . ‘ 1 | : fi perature 1750 | i «i ‘ | | | } i iu f Stay A | ? ry = | neh ] “ eated Roller-Hearth ( « Furnace Hardens Sprockets SCARBROUGH end t the fturna rotectir round The material slid down th 4 clin ily handled into 4 4 4 ; f The Age. March 1931 eal i | ) ‘ the haran \ ¥ XCELLENT results are reported from the use fur- nace with roller hearth cast steel sprock- ets are heated previous quenching. Many the precau- tions undertaken conserve heat this electrical- ly-heated unit are described here. nace has performance about Ib. product for each kwhr. consumed. | } it \ r4 { 4 | i — 4 f = tx] HARGING end of the furnace howing the movable door at bottom right Roller t tor 1 bot | tom td r entran r ket int the tw hamber« the ‘ | the ©) e\ 3 | i! nanda itto. ta t Lhe +} + 4 + { 4 | E ] +} ; ‘ ‘ the d narge el t | | ror adiscnarging pr et ! } ow tne thre panel tior it ny ne nre epars: i | not apt injured that eating indline true] nad g, no i I el al ‘ | nr ly +} A 4 f } h ear lowered r | ] ff | j Macl 4 Drilling and Feed Hydraul feed, return the starting point and automatically into 1 tray sto ited that tne Turnace would net performance lb. eated for each kwhr. 4 i! Chi A? or l adi, | il { ed ! a | 1 . In ! Lif Inits. | n mits the interchang ndle-units with varyu + + | Cl | it == i 4 | ‘ — ~~ } Th head ray to the wor = The foe March >. 193] nared unit ets, spiders, which pro nduit pipe and carry them through the various operations the right the glass generator room Above the oven the end the where the enamel-lining the finished pipe being the end Conduit Pipe Automatically Galvanized and Enamelec automatic galvanizing and enamel-lining unit described this article places the control single run capacity, this 207-ft continuous unit galvanizes and lines with enamel lengths 10-ft. conduit pipe minute operator. When being - = at == a BO te per ent itside. Conduit mmer ana i i I | > | a A ~ ~ The Iron Age, March rs 4 t ~~ ~ f oud ~ ~ —_ ~ ~ ~ — Al ~ ~~ = ‘ - — ~ _ f ~ = ~~ ~ ~ ~ 7. ~ ~) | if 7 7 7 { | + J y ry j 0 AF ive, The Tron Ing Compact Hoist for Low Headroom ~ 4 fry — ~ + ~ was ~ q d ew ly ) | i 7 4 q | 4 | < | if I | | VM ) New Welding Unit Increases Range Johnson Process Steel Tubing LAT iS form into tut passes under electrodes welded withou ing material rate about Tut in. 5 in. in diam t produ nd i el] allic THE pape 12 Shape Welder Saves Time Eliminating Resettings | wen — i@d tubing 1cit ingulal i In Im ail 1Z¢ rr formed tubing and conduit ‘ Li rical rit rbon 14, 1930 | 1 minute | 794 The Tron March 193] | } 4 ay ~ } _ | A Tron The Composite Demand Line for Steel Declines > | n¢ rng + tt | } \ / | | ) ! red ead portation j j i | Labor Conscription the Answer ——-—S j | — 7 | i | | | | | e appr | | | | | t 1 rie | rit \ 4 4 4 A 4 | ] ] ‘ rie LV im} ate | 796 Ti} March 35 193] | Automobile Produc tion Prospec / +5 j | ‘ ( 4 + | t ) \ mall \ ‘ t > | - £ The Iron Age. March 5. 1931 | ~ ) — — ma | 4 +} t thors . the period ‘ ’ ry | ( 4 | . - ) W . than half his nt care wn no money 1 ri} rr ) ‘ | t 4 \\ Pig Iron Production Gains Per Cent February NGOT Output Continues Gradual Advance—Automo bile, Pipe Line and Structural Business Looms Larger—Strip Prices Advanced The Iron March 1931 799 pans ¢ i «l t} rey? ne t ali *) | t + } +) | } } + } 4 +} ‘ } 4 | | ( 1 } ) 17} ; ; ‘ ) ‘ P , nel ‘ , + @1117 4 ‘ | i 300 Iron Mare h Steel Specifications Barely Holding Own—Seasonal Demands Slow Steel orders ind specifications dead level past week. Prospects seasonal ment still hold good, but are maturing very slowly and lrack \ecessorie: ‘ a operating rate slightly under per cent; Valleys drop down to ict at OU per cent. plate mills best opera- tion, averaging about cent. Scrap market weaker tone, but with prices un- Bars, Plates and Shapes changed. oving bout hol ntinu ! expected and a en I lli¢ i < | ‘ yeni} ienn., na tonal w re ( lat Ising a ra road i l lial Vement ! u nna to the iut ndustry gradually dae inished Steel relat ette) Ving aul piel 4 ()f] nnouncement ot } larte? es till lacking, bu eriod n th current ba hanao 4 the next ‘ur months alt! it atior Improvement demand niddle February make} een checked temporarly, ias week Daretl' () niy n tw ‘ ] + ‘ | ‘ ‘ | ling ‘ ) Pitt resent isking > ‘itt ri, ina i | is lron ~ > i Market Prices Date, Comparison Prices and One Week, One Month and One Year Previous, Advances Over Past Week Heavy Type, Declines fails, Billets, Ete. Steel, ubular ( Ss She cts \\ ire Products The Age. March 1931—801 | ‘ ( | | ile CASE ist ro | nore ) ‘ ‘ ? it ec () ( t t i } (Mit) Teor A T a ‘ mning rhe 7 1} 3 r figure Heavy orea THE IRON AGE COMPOSITE PRICES Steel Pig Steel Scrap low $10, although dealers I l n¢ ] rr Lo cover Plate ene! lers higher prices. Machine shop Bot and hort hoveling ste I I n tl I t rning have een ole Sk, but 17 t quiet, vith d