The Iron Age 1926-09-09: Vol 118 Iss 11

ESTABLISHED 1855 New York, September 9, 1926 THE IRON AGE VOL. 118, No. 11 Government Cooperates inResearch Review of Work of Bureau of Standards in Met- fT\HE work of the metallurgical division of the Bureau of Standards is almost wholly research, conducted on a cooperative basis. records for the past fiscal year shows that only 20 cent of the total funds spent by the division (a little er $100,000, with- 3ureau overhead, which would bring the sum to around $125,000), was applied to work other than re- earch in metallurgy. Even this 20 per cent vas spent for coop- erative purposes and partly for research, since it covers testing ind service for other Government depart- ments as well as for the research work of other divisions of the Bureau. It also covers the cost of answering the many inquiries for metallurgical informa- tion brought to the Bureau by letters and by personal visits. To answer these inquiries with the most recent metallurgical informa- tion available from other sources as well as from the Bureau’s own work, 2500 arti- cles of metallurgical interest in American and foreign journals, and 1000 patents, were indexed and added to the previous stock of “findable inf orma- tion.” Mimeographed let- ter circulars, such as one on the corrosion resistance of iron and steel products, and Chief division of met- allurgy, United States [gl fg «= is pu by permission of the di- rector of the Bureau. allurgical Investigations—Joint Efforts with Industry and Other Agencies BY DR. H. W. GILLETT A study of answer recurring inquiries. are cae reading to four millionths of an inch. specially constructed for testing metale at high tem- perature, im use on cooperative work one assembling the evidence to show that metais do not ‘erystallize” under repeated stress, are prepared to About 80 per cent of the funds were devoted to true metallurgical research. “Courtesy” tests for the pub- lic, done without fee, because the in- formation obtained bore directly on the research work of the Bureau, amounted to 1% per cent. No rou- tine tests not bearing on research problems, except those made for the Government it- self, have been made in the last fiscal year. A letter circular has been prepared giving the addresses of com- mercial laboratories equipped for metal- lurgical work and re- quests for routine tests are referred to them. Research work, taken up at the in- stance of other Gov- ernment departments, accounted for 19% per cent. About a third of this expense was covered by funds transferred from those departments and included in the total referred to above. Cooperative work with national technical societies, such as the American Society for Testing Materials, American Society of Mechani- cal Engineers, Amer- ican Foundrymen’s Association, Ameri- can Ceramic Society, American Welding So- ciety, etc., took 22 per cent of the funds. A few research as- sociates and fellows, ST SN Bal en or sheet Sp ebm Stitsow com inne s Rh he * aliens 9 2265 tne ROH ip cat oe SaaAsneemeeininiitc.:)- aceite modern oaks a yf 3 5 i 3 4 * # ae 674 metallurgical industries or from Swe- dish educational institutions, have worked in the metal- lurgical division during the past year. Supervision of and cooperation with these men accounts for 3 per cent. This type of cooperation, in which industry bears part of the cost of a new project, should increase, since the economy program of the Government precludes larger appropriation of public funds. The metallurgical in- dustries have not, so far, utilized the research associate plan to the extent that the ceramic, cement, textile and other industries dealing with non-metallics have done. In all there are 75 such associates at the Bureau.’ The remaining 32 per cent of the funds was devoted to research projects taken up at the initiative of the division, but generally studied in cooperation with others. supported by the This distribution of costs is quite similar to ATT, Q WAGING machine (at right) A installed search at the Bureau on metals of the platinum group for cooperative re- that reported’ for the previous fiscal year in articles which describe the general work of the division more fully than is possible in the space allotted here. About 60 metallurgical publications were made by the Bureau in the past year, the titles including a wide range of subjects. These appeared in the scientific or technologic series of Bureau publications or technical journals. A dozen were printed in the Transactions of the American Society for Steel Treating within the past 10 months. A dozen other publications are in prep- aration on work that is practically completed. Were space available to give the titles of these publications, it would be obvious that the work is almost wholly research. Metallurgical Advisory Committees Research projects are chosen with the advice and counsel of the director of the Bureau, Dr. G. K. Bur- gess, whose executive duties preclude continuance of * Bureau of Standards Circular No. superintendent of documents, accepted ) gives a full ac plan. Tut 296—obtainable from Washington, 10c. (stamps not count of the research associate IRON AGr, Aug. 20 and 27, 1925, pages 461 and 536. THE IRON AGE September 9, 1926 his previous constant attention to metallurgica! prob. lems but whose cooperation is no less real because con- fined to the broader aspects of the work. Next among the cooperators are the metallurgical! advisory committees. At the two-day meeting this spring 40 eminent metallurgists and 15 representatives of other Government departments met with 40 of the Bureau staff to discuss, from a very broad viewpoint, the past and future work of the division with special reference to the necessity and propriety of the appli- cation of public funds to those metallurgical problems. Other divisions of the Bureau cooperate with the metallurgical division and the five sections of the divi- sion work as a unit, each project being really common to all. Last but not least comes the active cooperation of firms and individuals in the metallurgical industries PPARATUS used in work-hard- ening a new alloy for Brinell balls, studied cooperatively by va- rious sections of the metallurgical division of the Bureau of Stand- ards who supply the products needed for study and give much information and advice. It is easy to see that the study of methods of corro- sion testing and of scratch hardness testing for the American Society for Testing Materials, or of methods of testing molding sand for the American Foundry- men’s Association, are cooperative projects when it is recalled that special committees on these subjects meet at frequent intervals and that a considerable number of laboratories are carrying on experimental work and interchanging data. In other problems, such as the study, made for the American Ceramic Society, of blistering in cast iron for enameling, the work is equally divided between two cooperating divisions of the Bureau; in this case, ceramics and metallurgy. In work for other Government departments, such as that on intercrystalline embrittlement of duralumin for the Navy, the Army, and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, those bodies, several manufacturers and the mechanics division of the Bu- reau all cooperate actively with the work of the metal- lurgical division, while the Institute of Paint and Var- nish Research aids in some of the exposure tests and the National Physical Laboratory of England is send- September 9, 1926 ing over specimens for test. Likewise, in the study of the wear resistance of railroad bearing metals, not nly does the Chicago Bearing Metal Co. cooperate by stationing a research associate at the Bureau, but the engineers of tests of several railroads act informally as advisers. In the study of gage steels, which also involves the nereasingly important subject of wear, there is an N/EW high-frequency elec- ‘ tric induction furnace (at right), operating at 200,000 cycles per sec. through the use of thermionic tubes such as are used for radio broadcasting. The furnace is used for cooperative work in melting platinum and in de- termination of gases in metals EAR testing machine (below) used in coopera- tive study of plug gages work with the now commo nly roup, the gage steel committee. d users have cooperated and the the metallurgical and the organized advisory & Many gage makers an project is joint between © weights and measures divisions. High-Temperature Properties of Metals The work on high-temperature properties of metals is oriented so as to supplement that of the joint high- («PRESEN testing 4 machine (at designed at the Bureau of Standards in cooperative American Foundrymen’s Association for use on molding sands This test shows promise of replacing the more tedious and expensive “bar” test used for determining bond strength THE IRON AGE 675 temperature committee of the American Society for Testing Materials and the American Society of Me- chanical Engineers. Abnormality in Steels Projects of less broad scope are cooperative within the Bureau. In the work of purifying, melting and working platinum for the scientific uses of the whole right ) Bureau, the chemical and metallurgical divisions work hand in hand. In the search for an improved alloy for Brinell balls for use on very hard steels, one section of the metallurgical division prepared the special iron- carbon-vanadium alloy, another heat treated it, a third made the metallographic examination, and a fourth, in cooperation with the Bureau shops, work-hardened the balls, and made flattening tests upon them, while ee Rae Pe nama > CAPA ee ey: Pd Ea Ree Tame EE I September 9, 1926 The chemistry division made ana|- yses for aluminum on specimens with varying amount: present and these figures, correlated with the intensi: of the spectrum lines, made it possible thereafter : utilize the more rapid spectroscopic test. Cooperative Method Is General The cooperative method of attack, exemplified }) this project, is used on all problems. By reason of it impartial position, with no “axe to grind,” the Burea is able to secure cooperative aid from the industry, and even from competitors in industry. This is one of th: basic requirements for making a research both com- While the metallurgical in- dustry is not so secretive as some other industries, many cases along metallurgical lines could be cited where the Bureau has been able to eollect information that would scarcely have been available to a private Much metallurgical work reported by the Bureau may very properly be considered as the product of co- operative work of the metallurgical industry itself, working with and through the Bureau, rather than as The more fully the public understands the nature and scope of the metallurgical work of the Bureau, the more contacts will be established, which will result in still further application and extension of the coopera- It is hoped that this article may further This method is fol- lowed when melting in the basic electric furnace, now extensively used for the production of manganese steel. When using furnaces where only an oxidizing atmosphere can be maintained, like the Bessemer or open-hearth, it would be impossible to add the ferro- manganese to the furnace itself because the manganese would be oxidized and go into the slag. The alloying must, therefore, in this case take place in the ladle and, as the ferroalloy makes up about one-fifth of the weight of the steel when losses are included, the alloy This necessitates two furnaces, one for melting the scrap and one for melting Electric Furnace Makes the Best Product The best manganese steel is made in the electric furnace because here there is time enough for complete deoxidation and degasification and adjustment of the When the Bessemer or open-hearth furnace is used for melting, a highly oxi- dized metal is run out into the ladle. To this an enor- mous amount of ferromanganese is added, but the time for reaction must necessarily be short, due to the impossibility of keeping the metal in the ladle for any The poorer quality of this kind of steel must largely be due to this fact as well as to the greater difficulty in adjusting the temperature of Most manganese steel castings, however, do not require better metal than can be made in the Manganese steel is very fluid and is therefore hard on furnace and ladle linings. Another effect of the cutting action of the fluid metal is a leaking stopper which often shows up early during casting of the metal In bad cases, leaking of the stopper may be observed at the furnace during teeming of the metal into the ladle, but generally it does not show a i | 676 THE IRON AGE # the mechanics division made other tests upon them to over 100 samples. check up on their utility. Sen in projects not guided by any established committee, cooperation is active. Take the study of quality of case hardening steels, the much-discussed problem of “abnormality.” This was first brought before the Bureau by a motor car company. The situation was first surveyed by visits to steel plants and carburizing plants. The opinion of prac- tically every metallurgist in the country interested in subject was solicited. Specimens of normal and normal steel were obtained from many commercial irces, and 63 experimental ingots of steel, made at f the large steel plants, were examined. One steel I , pany sent a representative to the Bureau to repeat prehensive and impartial. nd check some tests. This gave valuable ideas in re- ara test procedure. The Bureau of Mines has also taken up the prob- em, devoting itself largely to plant experimentation. [The two bureaus keep up a constant interchange of investigator. lata. A large steel corporation invited the Bureau of Standards to send a man to experiment together with own metallurgists at its plant, using both open- hearth and electric furnaces to make up normal and ab- normal steel. The list of cooperating firms includes work in and of the Bureau alone. large proportion of the progressive automobile makers and steel makers. One of the interesting developments in this work has been the relationship found between the presence of aluminum, or alumina, and abnormality. The optics tive idea. division has made spectroscopic tests for aluminum on that understanding. Some Experience with Both the Cast and Forged Product—Manufacture and Heat Treatment of the Austenitic Type BY DR. BIRGER EGEBERG* (‘IR ROBERT HADFIELD of Sheffield, England, is of ferromanganese to the furnace. Ss the pioneer in the field of structural alloy steels. We have to give him the credit for the discovery and the first thorough investigation of an alloy steel, luding the heat treatment to bring out its best prop- erties. This last part is not to be neglected, because heat treatment is a most essential factor in all struc- iral alloy steels. Sir Robert’s discovery of high-manganese steel dates ick to the early eighties, and this steel was originally made by mixing molten ferromanganese and Bessemer- blown iron in the ladle. Consequently the ratio of the must be in the molten state. manganese to carbon was practically fixed, since both elements were introduced with the ferromanganese. the alloy. Che regular analysis of ferromanganese is 80 per cent manganese and 7 per cent carbon, the ratio being approximately 11 to 1. By adding ferromanganese to the molten iron in such a proportion as to obtain 11 per cent of manganese in the finished steel, one would at the same time arrive at about 1 per cent carbon. There is, therefore, not much opportunity for variation. Proper casting temperature. When the manganese content is low, the carbon content will also be proportionally low and vice versa. With less than a certain amount of manganese the metal is extremely brittle and in practice 9 per cent of manganese seems to be the low limit. Experience has shown that 12 to 14 per cent is best, with a cor- length of time. responding carbon content of approximately 1.25 per cent. The silicon is usually around 0.30 per cent and the sulphur is always low, due to the high manganese the metal. content. B ss J Riess thie: Sea essemer or open-hearth furnaces. The making of the steel does not involve any par- ticular difficulty. It can be made with success in any ordinary steel furnace. Where a reducing atmosphere - can be obtained, it is the custom to make the additions ‘to the molds. *Metallurgist Halcomb Steel Co., Syracuse, N. Y. : september 9, 1926 ip until the first mold has been filled. The waste of netal due to leaking stoppers can in bad cases go as high as 20 per cent of the whole heat and the casting” ‘f the metal will, even in the best cases, never proceed as well as when casting any other kind of steel, although special nozzles and stoppers are used when handling manganese steel. Castings of Manganese Steel Since much of this steel is used for castings, the writer will discuss the difficulties foundrymen are up against. The metal contracts during solidification about twice as much as common foundry steel. This must be taken into account when making the patterns. furthermore, due to excessive piping, large feeders are needed to insure sound castings. But although this is true, many foundries use smaller feeders and risers on their manganese steel castings than on their ordi- nary castings. This may be due to the difficulty in re- moving large sinkheads of such steel and, in such cases, the castings will hardly be sound all through. The steel is very brittle in the cast condition. Because of this it is preferable to take intricate cast- ings out of the molds when still hot and allow them to cool down in a furnace, if one is to prevent crack- ing. This, however, ties up furnace capacity. In the writer’s experience it is just as well to support with ribs the weak parts where contraction cracks are likely to develop, thereby making it possible to allow the castings to cool down in the molds. Most of the castings in question, like jaws for stone breakers and crushing machinery, have a front wearing side and a back side and, in such cases, it is not neces- sary to remove the supporting ribs because the castings always are placed against a cushion of lead or some soft alloy. In other cases, the ribs must be removed with the cold chisel. As the steel cannot be sawed, the feeders must be broken off. When they are too large for breaking, they can be cut off with the acetylene torch, but only after the castings have been heat treated, since otherwise cracks would develop. In other words, the heat-treated condition will stand the rapid and local heating of the torch without detrimental cracking as opposed to the steel in its cast condition. Naturally, it is possible to heat the raw casting to something like 1000 to 1200 deg. Fahr., thereby putting it in a condition in which it can safely be cut, but this Fig. 1 (at Left) Manganese Steel Condition Etched in picric acid Fig. 2 (at Right)— Manganese Steel, Condition Etched in picric acid Both specimens mag- nified 200 diameters Fig. 3 (at Manganese Condition as Cast. Etched in picric acid and sodium picrate Fig. 4 (at Right)— Manganese Steel, Condition as Cast. Etched in picric acid Both specimens mag- nified 200 diameters THE IRON AGE 677 as Cast. as Cast. is at the best a hot and unpleasant job as well as expensive, although the gas consumption naturally is less than when cutting cold steel. As all manganese steel castings have to be treated, it is the custom to cut the larger feeders after such treatment has been undertaken. Small feeders and risers should immediately be broken off from the raw casting because, after the heat treatment, they will usually be so tough as to necessitate the use of the torch on them. Manganese steel in its cast condition is useless for all practical purposes on account of its brittleness. This is due to carbide boundaries around the grains as illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 1 shows broad car- bide boundaries around the central grain and also shows the carbide bordered by a dark etching constit- 1ent, claimed by several authors to be troostite. With lighter etching, however, the dark constituents gener- ally reveal a eutectic pattern, as illustrated by Fig. 2. Fig. 3 has been inserted so that the reader may better distinguish between the two light etching constituents of Fig. 2, namely, carbide and austenite. Fig. 3 rep- resents the same specimen and the same spot as Fig. 2 after re-etching with sodium picrate. The carbide par- ticles have been darkened, whereas the austenite remains unattacked. The dark lines traversing the austenite grains, especially noticeable in Fig. 1, may be martensite or carbide precipitated on slip planes. The austenite grain in itself is tough and ductile but the surrounding carbide is brittle. If such a steel is hammered slightly when cold, it will be found under the microscope that ruptures take place around the grains and never through them, as illustrated by Fig. {. The black lines around the grains represent rup- tures. Heat Treating Produces Austenitic Steel The object of the heat treatment is to bring the carbides into solution, which is done by heating the steel to a fairly high temperature; 1800 deg. Fahr. is mostly used in practice, and then cooling it so rapidly in water that the carbides do not have time to pre- cipitate. The steel in the heat-treated condition should show practically nothing but austenite, when examined under the microscope, as in Fig. 5. As the size of the casting increases, the rate of cooling during the water quench decreases until, for a certain size, the cooling is not rapid enough to pre- Left)— Steel, st we seeping emotes emer = NR eres aM; Wh os DM ALS pee RTA aa. 06 open Dee aia nes ay Payee ¥ 678 THE IRON srhides from coming out of solution. The tough- e b w r red by the presence of rhides a th manganese steel nefor mited to pieces of a size that can be suc- nere! a ' Th 4 g 3 taken out of the quenching . t a war about 400 deg. Fahr., rder to relieve the strains to some extent, and this raw that is necessary. If a subsequent upon, the temperature should not be eZ Fahr., as the steel at higher temper- Fig. 5—Smallil Manganese Cast- ing, Heated to 1825 Deg. Fahr. and Quenched in Water. Etched in picric acid; mag- nified 200 diam- eters r gradually lose its toughness, due to car- ation, and finally return to its brittle cast he heat treatment will produce a casting free from sand, and whatever cores there may be are lingly easy to remove after the quench, so that eaning is reduced to practically nothing with Forged and Rolled Manganese Steel have up to this point considered manganese astings Although the bulk of it is i for castings, there 2 steadily growing demand r forged and hot-rolled sections like rails, jail bars, T stee] is easy t rn but when properly heated he ingots can easily be hot-deformed to any size and shape A fair degree of toughness will be found in r r sections when these are cooled on the floor, ut a considerable increase will be obtained by water ng the bars from the temperature at which they the r provided the temperature is not too low. 4 bar, 1 to 1% in. round, when cooled on the floor, will take a bend of approximately 90 deg., whereas the ar, when cooled water directly from the finishing w in general take a bend of 180 deg. and will e, at the same time, its strength increased. The yield from ingot to finished product is smaller n for any other kind of steel. The reasons are those mentioned when discussing foundry practice, namely, eaking stoppers and large contraction during solidifi- cation, causing heavy piping. The hot tops are usually filled twice but, even so, it is still necessary to crop the ingots more than usual, to insure sound material. Physical Properties The physical properties of manganese steel are of a peculiar kind that make it extremely valuable for pecial purposes where high strength and toughness, combined with high resistance against abrasion, are wanted. We saw that it was advisable, at least in castings, to quench the material in water in order to obtain these desirable qualities. Castings, treated in the above mentioned way, should show a minimum ten- sile strength of 90,000 to 110,000 Ib. per sq. in. The elongation is about 20 per cent and the reduction is 35 to 40 per cent. The Brinell hardness is unchanged by the heat treatment and is in the vicinity of 200. On account of the non-machinability of the steel, it is necessary to cast the tensile test pieces to shape and finish them by .- grinding. Small test pieces cast separately are, however, likely to show physical prop- erties quite different from those of the casting and AGE September 9 1.6 the test is therefore objectionable. Im order to ct the heat treatment of carloads, it is the custom to upon the bend test. If a 3/4 x 1 im. test piece, cast separately with rounded corners and heat treated : gether with the castings, will take a bend of 60 to deg. before breaking, one may assume the steel to | in good condition. This austenitic manganese steel is improved ver; much by forging. Forged and treated steel has a minimum tensile strength of 150,000 Ib. per sq. in. and an elongation sometimes of more than 50 per cent. It is the only steel that shows a higher elongation than reduction. The Brinell hardness is about 200. Hardening During Working A priori, we would not expect good wearing quali- ties from a steel with such low hardness. The stee! hardens, however, when put to use. When trying t cut the steel with a hack saw or a file, it is found to ®ut fairly easily during the first strokes, but then the steel hardens at the bottom of the cut, making it im- possible to penetrate further. This is due to the for- mation of martensite or to carbides precipitated on slip planes. The steel acts as if it had a soft skin. In other words, when manganese steel is put to work, it will harden on the surface, thereby developing good wearing properties. When this surface slowly wears off, the layer underneath will harden and so on until the part is worn out. It is evident that the wear must be severe enough to produce the mentioned change on the surface. If this does not take place, the manganese steel will not last any longer than most other kinds of steel. The Possible Uses Judging from physical properties, it is easy to de- termine the uses to which manganese steel is especially adapted. The common use is for jaws, plates and balls in crushers, for rails, crossings, dredging machinery and so forth. Rails at the curves of Bastille Station, Paris, a place where it previously had been necessary to put in new rails once a year, stood up for 7 years with 0.1 in. wear per year. The resistance to abra- sions is the chief value of the steel and it may be used for all parts that have to stand severe wear, with the following reservations: ae Though the strength of the material is high, the low elastic limit will make the steel fairly easy to deform. This feature makes it unfitted for very exact machine parts unless the acting forces are small. In such cases, however, the wear will most likely not be severe enough to obtain the full benefit of the manga- nese steel. The steel will, therefore, be of most ad- vantage for heavy-working machine parts where some deformation is of no consequence. The steel will be- come brittle when heated above 700 deg. Fahr. and is therefore not adapted for parts likely to be heated to such temperatures. Furthermore, it should be remem- bered that the steel has no better non-corrosive prop- erties than regular carbon steel and is therefore un- fitted where steels corrode faster than they wear. The non-machinable qualities of the steel must al- ways be considered when deciding upon the usefulness of manganese steel. In the foundry it is, however, sometimes possible to use inserts of soft iron in places where machining is needed. This will not affect the life of the part because places to be machined are never located on the actual wearing surface. For example, certain parts require exactly located bolt holes. They would not be exact enough when cast ‘around cores in- serted in the mold. It is, however, possible to cast man- ganese steel around an iron bolt. A perfect weld will be obtained and afterward the holes are drilled in the soft iron. Pipe Simplification Effective Sept. 1, 1927 _ The sizes of steel pipe eliminated to conform with simplified practice will be withdrawn by the National Tube Co. from the hands of distributers and the mills on Sept. 1, 1927, not Sept. 1 this year, as indicated in an article in THE Iron AGE of Aug. 26, page 584. porartt PO peat ae Steel Treaters To Meet in Chicago Technical Program and Exhibitors at Eighth Annual Gathering of American Society for Steel Treating, Sept. 20 to 24 ! [TH preparations made for the ( th annual convention and national and machine tool exposition of the Society for Steel Treating the gather- s year promises to easily eclipse all previ- The contrast between this year’s affair rst attempt in 1919 in the same city will t striking one. At that time only 6500 exhibition space was used; this year 20.000 sa. ft. is to be filled. tne Sor if tv of Automotive En- Monday, Sept. 20 ( t | chair- ll, gen hairman rta ( I R. G uth: Al \ Mi ria OT Tel ph he t W \ I W I ctric Co Ch I t Carburizing F Ace e Sur e Combust 4. E. White and E. R. McPhersor if n Sesst | M Bovis Microstructure of Patl Fatigue Fail- Sy men 4 Iron” by F. F. Lucas, Bell I ri¢ New York St Hard Steels and Their Relation to Ss t I J. M. Less Westinghs Electric Vi ( , Ba Pittsburgh Fa f Metals as Affected by Chemical Com- He I tment and Cold-Working” by D. J Ir [ ed States Naval Academy, Engineering s n, Annapolis, Md Tuesday, Sept. 21 Vorningo Session Ve Sess Chairmar W. J. Priestley ( St I ls’ by J. H. Whitley, South Durham & | ( Ltd., Malleat Works. Stockton-on-Tees , ; f St n the Ir t Mold” by Alex L. Feild 1 Al steel Corporation, Canton, Ohio phur of Steel’ by E. J. Lowry, Hickman, Wil- rT (hnicago ( n-Hearth Pr by C. H. Herty, Jr., Bureau liz Experiment St n, Pittsburgh ift Session r. D. Lyn N f the As; Stat Transformation” by H. A. Schwartz, N M able & Steel Castings Co., Cleveland. t Constant Temperature Below the Critical I I } A. Schwartz and H. H. Johnson, National Malleat & Ste ‘astings C< Cleveland Grapt I ivior of Iron Carbide in Pure Iron- ( All e Critical Range” by H. P. Evans h Ar H é lowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Mechat ind Machining Properties of an Annealed Cast I I C. Pri ind F. J. Curran. G. C. Priester, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Wednesday, Sept. 22 Morning Session | Meeting of the American Society for Steel Treating Chair R. M. Bird rt of Chapter Delegates rt ‘ ? Of ere Technical Papers ilrmatl Dr A E. White Db. Campbe Memorial Lecture he ( I on-Resistance of Steels” by Dr. William M Gue! Germany. e Iron-Molybdenum System” by W. P. Sykes, General Electric Co., Cleveland. Afternoon Session Chairman—F, P. Gilligan. Cyanide Brittleness” by V. E. Hillman and E. D. Clark Crompton & Knowles Loom Works, Worcester, Mass . ; gineers will hold a production meeting in city during the same week while the machi: shop practice division of the American Societ of Mechanical Engineers will also assemble. On the following pages the technical pr gram for the steel treaters’ convention and list of the exhibitors and what they will offe: are presented, an added feature being photo graphs of many of the representatives of lead ing companies. The account of the conventi: and exposition will be published Sept. 30. of Carburized Steel Versus Cast Hi; Steel” by W. J. Merten, Westinghouse El: . East Pittsburgh. ‘Wear of with Particular Reference H. J. French H. K. Herschman, rd Washington Electric Welding” nesota, Minneapolis. ‘Wear Resistance Manganese & Mfg. Co to Plug G Bureau of St Steels and Studies o1 University Mir by L. J. Weber, Thursday, Sept. 23 Morning Session Dr. Albert Sauveur. nu the Transformation of Retained Austenite Marten site by Stress” by Kotaro Honda and Keizo Iwase, Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan. The Nature of Oil-Hardening Non-Deforming Tool Steels by E. C. Bain and M. A. Grossmann. E. C. Bain, Unio Carbide & Carbon Research Laboratories, Inc., New York M. A. Grossmann, United Alloy Steel Co., Canton, Ohio “The Hardening of Metals by Dispersed Constituents Pre- cipitated from Solid Solutions” by R. 8S. Archer, Aluminun Co. of America, Cleveland. “Investigation of the Relationship Between the Standard Tension and Impact Tests on a Group of Steels of Var) ing Compositions” by Dr. F. C. Langenberg and H. © Mann, Watertown Arsenal, Watertown, Mass. into Afternoon Session Chairman—Dr. George K. Burgess. “The Decomposition of the Austenite Structure in Steels” b) R. L. Dowdell and Dr. O. E. Harder, University of Minne- sota, Minneapolis. “On the Light Metal Alloys” by Dr. William -M. Guertle: Germany. “The Tensile Properties of Stainless Iron and Other Alloys at Elevated Temperatures” by P. G. McVetty and N. D Mochel, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., East Pitts burgh. Friday, Sept. 24 Morning Session Chairman—Prof. Bradley Stoughton. “Failure of Bolt Steels” by V. T. Malcolm, Chapman Va!ve Mfg. Co., Indian Orchard, Mass. “Internal Stresses in Quenched Steel” by S. Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. “Aluminum Bronze” by Jerome Strauss, United States Nava! Gun Factory, Navy Yard, Washington. “New Process of Surface Hardening Special Steels’ by T. H. Nelson, Ludlum Steel Co., Watervliet, N. Y. ’ “Dendritic Crystallization and Grain Formation in Steels’ by V. N. Krivobok, Bureau of Metallurgical Research, Car- negie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh. (By title.) } L. Hoyt, Genera! Afternoon Session Symposium of Hardness Testing Committee of the A.S.S.T Chairman—Dr, H. P. Hollnagel. “Standardizing the Brinell Hardness Test” by H. M. German, Universal Steel Co., Bridgeville, Pa. “On the Hardness of Metals” by Dr. William M. Guertler, Germany. “Correlation of Magnetic Properties with Mechanical Hard- ness in Cold-Worked Metals” by S. R. William, Ambherst College, Amherst, Mass. “Hardness Testing of Steel Balls by Magnetic Methods” by S. R. William, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. “Additional Notes on the Hardness and Toughness of High- Speed Steel” by Robert K. Barry, Barry Co., Muscatine. Iowa, 680 September 9, 1926 THE IRON AGE E. WINKELMAN A. L. GUILFORD Cc. B. CALLOMON L. W. GROTHAUS Sales Engineer Manager, Chicago Metallurgical Engineer Assistant Manager, Acme Machine Tool Office, Ajax Mfg. Co. Allegheny Steel Co Electrical Department Co., Cincinnati Cleveland Brackenridge, Pa Allis-Chalmers Mfg c Milwaukee 681 L. E. SWENSON Chicago Representative American Cynamid Co. New York Exhibitors at Steel Treaters’ Convention, Products They Are Showing and Representatives Attending “A k tor is] header i ‘ aes lie grij pie hig t (ler lapsible self ABRASIVE MACHINE Too. Co., East Providencs te andy. oline . aia , : au : : = ‘ ’ \ I al and eT ea res é R. I. Booths 217-240. No. 3 surface grinder d ¢ 4) Ajax direct g£ motor driver mle ‘ rhe ia ‘ ect eal ote ‘ en equipped with motor drive, exhaust atta a ne a board drop hamme1 John R. Blakeslee, presi and Walker No. 520 magnetic chuck; No. 33 lent: H. D. Heman. general manager: W. W vertical spindle surface grinder, equipped with rilley, engineer; Gordon G. Fristoe, salesman motor drive, generator and Walker No, 821 Cleveland: James A. Murray, New York off magnetic chuck; unit assemblies and attach 4. L. Guilford, Chicago ments, including the new high speed attachment for No. 3 surface grinder. K. B. MacLeod and \LLEGHENY Stes. Co., Brackenridge, Pa Booth Walter Sceeles. : . oloy i stainless iron alloy AcmMp MacHInge Too. Co., Cincinnati Booths resisting, heat resisting and abrasion 217-340. No. 2 full universal turret lathe with duo control, shown for the first time in actual operation on steel forgings. C. Meier, treasurer and general manager; H. V. Myers and F. E ich as stainless Ascoloy corrugat Winkelman, sales engineers tive products produced from Ascolo sheets, tubing, bars, sheets, etc. Cc mon, metallurgical engineer; R. M Geores Apams & Son, Chicago. Booth tions of steel showing process of manufacture assistant general sales from raw material to finished bar; sections of ala . J steel showing structure of unannealed, annealed Cann GC. Anse Co. tee: See manager _ handened preaen;, ies. Sas teste wae ‘ rae Four spindle feed machine and four sf been in service. H. R. Adams, partner t. J hinpaiens sentien Harding Allen Jaeckel, sales department; K. Engelsted, New M. Diehl York agent Soderfors Steel Works; A e . a . , ; I s- | 7 7 cs 7 . Cincinnati agent Soderfors Steel Works H. H AL HALMERS MFG ,. Milwau 63 Motors for machine tool and ot Kurtz, Detroit agent Soderfors Steel Works both alternating and direct current t corrosion resisting automobile pump shafts, various other automo y. as well as many interesting commercial] developments, ed roofing B. Callo Alien, Chi- 36 Sec cago; J. A. Armstrong, Detroit; W. J. McArdle, sooth 389A yindle com e¢ Booth her drives, ypes; Tex Am Repuctrion Sates Co., New York Booths rope drive for short centers to be shown in op- 145-149. -Airco 99.5 per cent oxygen and Aire eration L. W. Grothaus, R. O. Gooding and acetylene in cylinders; Airco Davis-Bournon ville } L. England, Cincinnati; Walter Geist, C. L welding and cutting torches, regulators and sup Crosby, H. B. Mortimer and A. K. Birch, Mil- plies; Airco Davis-Bournonville oxygen discharge waukee F. L. Webster, B. F. Bilsland, W. R manifold: the radiagraph ; the oxygraph Law, manager of Chicago district; F. E. Maeurer, Siewers, J. A. Groff, 8. Wolff, E. J and Charles Williams, industrial engineering de E. M. Marvin, Chicago partment; S. Shaykin and R. Miller, Chicago G. BE. Harcke, J. F. Callahan, New York and aro Myo. Co. Chicago Mess a G. Van Alstyne, advertising and publicity de speed tapping machines. J. Brandat partment. Asyax Mra. Co., Cleveland. Booth 396-B. Model AMERICAN CRUSHER & MacuINeny (« upsetting New York Booth 2806 One Ame of Ajax heavy duty, twin geared motor > c. OSTERMAN L.A. STEINMETZ s¢ Cc. “oy Vv and American Resistor Steel Co. American Gas Furnac wn Pittsburgh Co., Elizabeth, N. J. B. N Crawford, Charles McDonald, W. F. Daly, K. L Kelley and riven high etter PORATION, rican chip }]. B. DOAN President American Tool Works Co., Cincinnati OR NARS A ER Oe A RE INCH He ge ne ha ACh i Neat ce Hr te Phay ‘nea Nameremensenencmeperiniet ‘heres pb Pere SRE ye Pair us me OP Nea B08 Sy a — en 682 J Secretary and Tre Barnes Drill RALPH SIMPSON Sales Manager Le J. Barrett C Worcester, Mass E. ANDRESS R ckford I Cc JOHN BATH President and Treas- urer, John Bath & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass E, J. GOSSETT Bell President & Gossett Chicago Co THE IRON AGE E. S. NORVELL J. Manager Metal Cut- ting Department E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis H. PENNIMAN President Atlas Press Co. Kalamazoo, Mich. isher specially designed for crushing long, turnings to decrease the volume and in- rease the weight B. A. Wittkuhns, treasurer Ee ra I a ger AMERICAN CYANAMID Co., New York. Booth 179 s irdening furna operating the Shimer process, in which a non-poisonous liquid bath is d; small samples of chemicals L. E. Swen- nd G. N, ¢ yhundro, commercial depart- American Cyanamid Co and E. B S} reasurer Shimer Chemical Co., Eagton P AMI , GAS ASSOCIATION, New York Booth . \ Exhibitiz under name of Peoples Gas, Lig & Cok ( , Chicago A working display, ting of several types of automatic heat- tr g machines and quenching tanks, as well as complete display of oven furnaces, forges, t ths, burner equipment and blowers AMBRICAN GAS FURNACE Co., Elizabeth, N. J. Booth 177-A A 600-lb. capacity rotary car- I zing machine using gas for heating and for irizing operation with the cover of the I removed llustrate the uniform heat- ng; a 100-lb. capacity rotary gas carburizing chine in actual operation; No. 125-A recipro- ng hearth type heating machine with auto- matic quenching tank in operation special pusher pe heating machine known as No, 110 t machine hardening valve tappets in operation; also other heat treating equipment P. C. Osterman, vice-president and chief engi- neer John Mehrman, special representative , Gustav Schwab, development engineer; T. Far Ww , Sr., automatic |! t controller and burner xpert; William J. Barenscheer, Chicago; O. T M I | rd, Il \ \ A 1 CA CORPORAT N, Bostor Booth 86 One 20 kw. American Electric lead pot furnace in operation and one 30 kw. Ameri- in Electric cyanide pot furnace K. A. Juthe ! lent S. N. Jutl vice-president; John C Juthe, sales manager; A. C. Wright and W. H AM CAN REsIsToR CORPORATION, Philadelphia Booths 105 and 109 Globar electric heating n operation from 400 to 2800 deg Fahr., f turing a new type terminal construc- ti for n-metalli resistor elements operating igh temperatures in a furnace onstructed to show the the interior especially heating element and all of the furnace while being oper- d at 2450 deg Fahr. furnace temperature J. W. BLACK FRANK A. HALL Sales Engineer Sales Engineer Bellis Heat Treating W. N. Best Corpora- Co., Branford, Conn. tion, New York September 9, 1926 H. HARDWICKE Vice-President and District Manager Atlas Steel Corpora- tion, Dunkirk, N.Y. JOHN NIELSEN Vice-President Badger Tool Co Beloit, Wis. Joseph A. Steinmetz, president; W. E. Due: stein, vice-president; Harold N. Shaw, heating engineer ; B. G. Tarkington, manager of indus trial sales; O. E. Van Altena, manager of d mestic sales; and K. E°® Rogers, assistant man ager domestic sales. AMERICAN STAINLESS STEEL Co., Pittsburg! Booth 62. Varied assortment of articles mad: from stainless steel and stainless iron. John C Neale, president; Charles 8S. Bunting, secretary treasurer; J. C. C. Holding. AMERICAN Too, Works Co., Cincinnati. Booths 246-251. Machine tools including lathes, shapers and radial drills. The 24-in. American aut oiled shaper shown for first time. J. C. Hussey Western sales manager; C. H. Cormany, F. L Stubenroth. AMERICAN Twist Dritt & Toon Co., Detroit Booth 133. High speed twist drills, high speed track bits and high speed bonding bits. C. G Munn, secretary and general manager; S. A Tucker, Western representative; S. Sowden, metallurgist. B. C. Amgs Co., Waltham, Mass. Booth 277-B. Cabinet-type bench-lathe, bench milling machine with overarm support, triplex machine (com- bination lathe, milling machine and drill press) and micrometer dial gages; all in operation Warren Ames, president. ANDERSON DIE MACHINE Co., Bridgeport, Conn Booth 282-A Automatic and semi-automatic dial feed tapping machines for small parts. N H, Anderson. ARMSTRONG-BLUM Mrs. Co., 335 North Francisco Avenue, Chicago. Booth 193. Marvel metal band saws, automatic high speed saws, hack saw machines, punches, shears and benders. Harry J. Blum, secretary; Francis J. Blum, treasurer; George J. Blum, vice-president. ARMSTRONG BroTrHERS Toot Co., Chicago. Booth 189. Lathe, planer, shaper tools; lathe dogs, clamps, ratchet drills, drop forged wrenches; Armstrong-Vanadium wrenches, solid stocks and dies; adjustable stocks and dies, pipe cutters, pipe cutter wheels, hinged pipe vises, chain pipe vises, chain pipe tongs, pipe wrenches. Cut-off tool and Armstrong-Vanadium wrenches shown for the first time. S. Garrone, S. Welter, P. L. Armstrong, Lennox Armstrong and Horace Arm- strong ROBERT SHIMER W. ROY MOORE Sales Sales Metallurgist Manage Bethlehem Steel Co., Bi & Spencer Inc., Bethlehem, Pa. Co., Hartford, Conn. September 9, 1926 Ss. D. BLACK President Black & Decker Mfg. Co., Towson, Md. W. H. BRISTOL President Bristol Co., Waterbury, Conn. \RMSTRONG CorK & INSULATION Co., Pittsburgh oth 90. Heat insulating materials, including veral model furnaces, boiler settings and ovens with Nonpareil or Armstrong’s brick nd Nonpareil block, Nonpareil cork coverings d fittings for refrigerated lines, Nonpareil pressure covering for high temperature im lines, Armstrong’s corkboard for cold stor- rooms, roof and residence insulation, panels floor coverings, and Armstrong’s cork gaskets nd cork specialties. G. G. Oetting, Chicago; C. Lloyd, chief engineer; G. E. Hendricks, es engineer; G. W. Nitchy, advertising de- rtment ulated C. ATKINS & Co., Indianapolis Booth 336 ver Steel hack saw blades and frames; Kwik-kut metal cutting machines; No. 4 metal d saw machines; high speed machine knives ; iner knives; circular saws; band saws; dado ids grooving saws; hand, rip and panel ws. No. 4 metal cutting band saw shown for first time. E. §S. Norvell, manager metal itting department; Robert Eveland, Detroit Bb. D. Tompson, metal cutting saw specialist Mich. Booth hand arbor \TLAS -62-A. presses Press Co., Kalamazoo, Power arbor presses and James Collins, superintendent; J. H Penniman, president. ATLAS STEEL CorRPORATION, Dunkirk, N. Y. Booth Various hot-rolled sections and cold drawn products. Certain tool steel brands; high speed orgings of .various kinds; plant photographs and micrographs. A. F. Dohn, president; C. P Burgess, assistant to president; F. B. Louns berry, vice-president and works manager; F. P special sales representative; H. Hard- wicke, W. G. Zetsche and W. B. Moulton, Chi igo; W. H. White, Cleveland; J. C. Gearhardt, Detroit; W. H. Wills, metallurgist. ase, Booths drill- Avey DriLLInc Macutine Co., Cincinnati 245-249 Five high speed ball bearing ng machines, showing Aveymatic feeding mé¢ chanism, tapping units, etc.; also new develop ments in direct motor driven drilling machines ncluding the Motor-Avey and the Motor-Avey matic. D. A. Patterson, secretary; F. L. Hazle dine, salesman: J. G. Hey, vice-president and general manager; H. T. Merrieless, tendent. BaDGER Toot Co., Beloit, Wis Booth 368. No 224 double spindle Badger grinder, automatic, superin- WM. HIGBURG Sales Manager Char Products Co. Indianapolis Cc. L. SAUNDERS Brown Co., Philadelphia motor disks E vice-president H. I Gardner driven, wet THE IRON AGE J. S SWINBURNE Mfg. Co. Providence, R. I. Instrument Badger rinding John Nielsen secretary RK. D grinding B. Gardner, president Kelley, treasurer Cc. Stephenson and Roy Kipp, demonstrators BAKER BROTHERS, IN« No. 50-H machines boring mi: manager Tigges, s% engineer BaKBR-Ra Locomotive battery tw a-8 Edisor erator set battery Barnes, sal service ds neer BARBER-C<¢ Production Rigidmil and information on hobbing and hot machines 7 ft. radius Booths 217-240 drilling drilling and Toledo hydraulic feed boring and and quick change typ ichines G E Hallenbeck, genera! William Baker treasurer H I ules engineer W W Enviott. sales LANG C% Cleveland Booth 115 crane, 12 ft. boon }000 Ib. Capacity with 12 cells of 21-plate Ironciad DTS 3-whee!l tractor, with 30 cells battery Hertner vertical motor ger with inclosed panel for automatk arging W k Hebard and r W ale engin S \ \ Shou fle! partment, and W i ng LMAN Co., Rockford, Il Booth 338 type milling tters using new hobs and milling cutters; photographs sharper! ’ Hoffman sales y G manager W. D. Hintze, Chicago: R. P. Dewe sales eng neer Cc M ‘ eadl Jr BaRDOoNS & OLIver, Cleveland Booth 317 N frictior plain head ut-off ma W. F.& J { ict di No ‘( with d desigt ! Barnes, |} ARN : Ni ' n N tapping drilling } all ba t A. H. TEUCHTER President Bickford Tool Co., Cincinnati Machine Co. Cincinnati Cincinnati earing dri geared head screw machine 13-in motor driven screw nachine R~iy chit I Oliver HN BARNES (* Rockford, lil. Booths N Ot z0-in, & era purpose pr ili with silent chain motor drive and nele purpose production dri.! bu motor drive, Timken bearing . 4 or the firet time John & side \ \. Rox ' Rockford, I Booth 2563 hydrau illy reciprocated honing ma Z elf ling geared automatk aching ‘ 246 self oiling, all geared achine N 210 self oiling, all geared ling machine No. 266 self drilling machine iling, a geared heavy duty drilling No. 212 hor gz machine shown for the RR. S. Walker, expert mechanic: J. E geared, heavy duty R. E. FIELD Specialist Cincinnati Milling W. W. PRICE President Buckeye Portable Too! Co., Dayton, Ohio H. W. WENDT President Buffalo Forge Co. Buffalo, N. Y. S. NARAMORE Sales Manager Andrew C. Campbell, Inc. Bridgeport. Conn. Ss. F. COURTER General Sales Manager Carborundum . Niagara Falls, N. Y B. B. QUILLEN Cincinnati Co. Cincinnati LAT MERI RS RI bod PIR ANAM NLS EN 6 EAE NOGA SLENDER DE RSI POH PS 08 89 ny a SS ALLEN Pe Page aaa Roast 4S aes Reel PP OR I Mass hares tes Ta RB BC te Pid yaa. re iis >> r] SS 684 ROBINSON ale Manager H. M. BRAY Chicago Manager Colonial Steel Co. Pittsburgh OTTO LUNDELL President, Colonial T 1 Co., Inc., Detroit, : Vice-President Michigan Tool Co., Detroit G. R. PORTER Sales Manager Colt’s Patent Fire Arms Mfg. Co., Hartford, Conn. f —F A. T. CLARAGE President Columbia Tool Steel Co Chicago Heights, Ill : THE IRON AGE W. W. CROOKER J. JENNE Sales Engineer Cleveland Planer Co. James Clark, Jr., Elec- Cleveland tric Co., Louisville Andress, secretary and treasurer A. M. John- superintendent A. G. Block, assistant sec- W. M. Fairbairn, production manager ; F. A. Swanson, designing engineer J. Barretr Co., Worcester, Mass Booth 16 Ne 00 Curtis centrifugal oil extractor, especially developed to handle the oil reclaiming problem, shown for the first time Leon J. Bar- Ralph Simpson, sales manager EDWIN E. BARTLETT, Nashua, N. H Booth 366 Bartlett presses. Charles H. Fuller and Edwin EK. Bartlett JOHN Batu & Co., INc., Worcester, Mass. Booth 204 High speed steel ground taps, high speed teel ground thread gages and internal microm- eters John Bath, president and treasurer; J Chester Bath, vice-president; Stanley W. Bath; Robert E. Lamb, secretary BauscH & LomsB OpTicaL Co., Rochester, N, Y¥ Booth 100. Large metallographic equipment in- uding precentered and permanently alined talloscope with illuminating unit, telescopic using device and simple shock absorbing sys- contour measuring projector; tool maker's micro