The Iron Age 1926-02-11: Vol 117 Iss 6

| THE IRON AGE New York, February 11, 1926 ESTABLISHED 1855 VOL. 117. No Foundry Workers of Tomorrow Large Numbers of Boy Scouts Study Foundry Practice—Surprising Interest in Vocational I s Training in General OR some years a movement has bee! n toot itiined f it t VOrk it nimself tnat are among those guiding the destinies of the Boy pecial interest Vai tings, molds and tools : Scouts of America to see that they are given somé¢ nside SERORII OF ees ah, FON least S RAPES Aeeaent What the Scout Must Know of Founding ance with, certain important vocations. Among such included foundry work. Last year over 100 scouts won Re it to win a badge in foundry distinction in this subject alone. vork are shown by the f ving examination pape! To put the work in concrete form the executive f the organization have published a pamphlet on found) work. So many requests for this have been received from scouts and their leaders that a merit badge has been issued for boys who wish to specialize in this su ject. It is characterized also as of considerable value ; to those in the trade and as helpful to foundry owners rae a ' ' aie who may wish to distribute educational material of th« sort to their regular employees, to boys in the comn nity schools and to scout troops. Simplicity in language has. been aimed at Phe e1 oe snr pamphlet does not attempt to treat the subject exhaus- ee ee eo tively, but rather to stimulate the boy’s natural interest and define standard terms and processes so that he wil wish to do actual work for himself. A brief history of iron founding in the United States and a glossary of terms are included. There are several valuable projects ' ne e above ci ‘ Tis Merit Badge Is Awarded to Boy Scouts Who Win Distinction in Foundry Work. The _ sixteenth anniversary of the founding of the organization is being cele- brated in the United States th is wee hk: Everything in This Troop Cabin of Troop No. 1] at Dallas, Texas, Was Home-Made. These Are Boys in the Scoutmasters’ Troop Blacksmith Shop Forging the Hinges for the Doors. 399 | 400 ' ly l s Ww s it actuall\ f » write nl t I T l ictua to make I l Stings and clean them. Surprising Interest in Vocational Training a surprise to some think of the 4 i Ss an I ely ec! i onal move Vs imping in tne out-of-doors, to e encouraged to work along tech- \s a matter of fact, vocational ig merit idge system is an impor- ng. Over 70 pamphlets similar foundry are issued, so that a boy may to him, +4 tricity . ‘ : rood trade that appeals arpentry, elec \ t MO OOD vig for merit in these THE IRON AGE February 11, 192: subjects were issued last year alone. The total num! runs into the millions. This is fine training of a practical sort. As demand for the merit badge in foundry work was great that the national headquarters has issued th pamphlet, it is clear that there are many boys in met working centers who are also scouts. Some of the m successful troops, it is asserted, are organized in dustrial centers, and actually in connection with fa The scout activities appeal particularly to bo in congested of cities. Camp, hikes in t! open, building a fire without matches and cooking dir ner over a forked stick—those things all boys lik whether they go to school or go to work. tories. sections As an investment in boyhood, this movement ha proved a success. It is the idle boy who patronizes p parlors and, perhaps, bootleggers, or gets to driftir with the wrong gang, and ends up with petty larce: and a jail sentence. To keep the boy happily amuse with plenty of activities which he likes and which trai his character, is the object of the national officers of th: Boy Scouts of America, and applications to the head quarters at 200 Fifth Avenue, New York, will probab bring a copy of the pamphlet. Develop New Type of Monorail Two Rail Steel Angles Riveted to I-Beam Protect Bottom Flange from Wear and Deformation « 1 devel yped DY ., Waterbury, Conn. The standard riginally used for the ATL i + 2 s » ‘ ] 4 P 4. “« A NEV I l rall, ns ney WO rall steel 4 ingle riveted to an I-beam, h: pee! | I ! [-bean vhich wa tem, proved unsatisfactory because of the Vea 1ertormatior aused y high-speed trolleys ur! \ i rhe soft steel in the beam hard- ‘ned irently because of the rolling or hammering | Standard Struc The Monora | Vou [-Beam Re l’'sed Consists of ed Lf te ra Fy { Two S pecia ] Rail Vonths of Se ce. Steel Angle Ss R veted \/} ong Wear and ro a 1-Be am. This 1) on Caused » 0 vides adequate 1, 7? ey earing rrace he whee A ibsequ ardened pieces wer I se, varying in size from small flakes t tri} to \%& in. thick by 3 in. long The destruction of the beam was found most pro- nced with trolley wheels havi . slightly spherical tread, giving a point contact on the tapered beam It was still very rapid when the trolley wheels were placed in a vertical plane and tapered to corr spond with the flange angle of the beam, providing line contact. The life of the beam was lengthened somewhat by making trolley wheels with straight treads and mount- ing them at an angle corresponding with the flang: angle, but the improvement was so slight as to be neg ligible \ beam rolled from rail steel was tried and found insatisfactory, since the special rolling and stocking of various sizes and weights of beam is expensive and the steel is too brittle to be used safely for suspended operation. flange. The use of tapered hard steel strips riveted to the sottom flange of a beam was also tried, but the strips invariably lengthened and humped up between riveted connections. The construction finally adopted consists of two special rail steel angles riveted to an I-beam. One leg of each angle is tapered to correspond with the stand- ard flange angle of the beam, and the other leg is made straight and punched for riveting through the web 0! the beam. The angles are cut in lengths corresponding with the length of the beam, but are so fastened to the beam that one angle projects a foot beyond each end of the beam. As a result of that arrangement the joints of the angles in either side of the beam are not in line with each other or in line with the joint in the beam itself. This monorail, which is now used in all the plants of the American Brass Co., has proved most satisfac tory. In no case has it been found necessary to mak any replacements, and records show that it has entirely prevented injuries to crane operators from flying splin- ters of ground from beams. Moreover, it has eliminated almost entirely the jar of wheels on joints which previously racked and loosened beam connections and has reduced crane delays and the cost of main tenance by more than 50 per cent. The rail steel angles are purchased from a mil! which rolls and stocks them in one standard size, bends hem to any desired shape and furnishes them fastened to new beams or punched for connection with old beams. The angles can be applied without difficulty to an I-heam of stee] any standard size or weight. WO new types of continuous of the General Motors Corporation. automatic furnaces for heat treating operations, in connecti with the manufacture automobile cently were installed in one of the Detroit plants One of these annealing furnace for normalizing ring gears, pini gears, ic 1S and differential gears, and the other is for hardeni such gears after carbonizing. The Ring Gear Normalizing Furnace An outstanding feature of the first or furnace is that work enters and each end. There are four conveyor tracks in the he ing chamber, the two on the inside carrying work is one direction and the two outer lines terial in the opposite direction. heat ing either end absorbs latter is partially cooled. the This arrangement has given the furnace its designation furnace. It is claimed by y ; Vertical Pusher j Type of Ring Gear Electric Hardening F ur - naces. The Glea- ¢ son qué nc hing machines are in the foreground . 3 that as over from per normali discharged moving The cold work enter tne hot coming out, so that the former is pre-heated and the cent the a compensating 50 of lla- Ly Y } +} rom in ne nN Gears Heat Treated Electrically Normalizing and Hardening in Automatic Fur- naces—Compensating Action of Heat and Large Savings Are Features heat from the work is reclaimed by being absorbed by the cold work. The furnace, which was designed and built by Hol- croft & Co., Detroit, is 26 ft. long and has a heating chamber 5 ft. 3 in. wide and 1 ft. high. It is divided into three zones, a pre-heating, a heating and a cooling zone. It takes 3% hr. for the work to make its cycle through the furnace, 45 min. in the heating zone and 75 min. in each of the other two zones. The tempera- ture of the heating zone is 1650 deg. Fahr. The furnace is heated by six Holcroft removable heating units. Its rated capacity is 170 kw. Current is supplied at 440 volts, 60 cycles, 3 phase. Two furnaces of this type, located side by side, are in ise and the output of each is 2550 lb. per hr., or 15 Ib. of work per kw. hr. The temperature of the furnace is automatically controlled by a Leeds & Northrup con- trolling and recording instrument \ pusher drive of a standard type is provided for carrying the work through the furnace. The gears weigh from 2 to 20 lb. and are placed in nickel-chrome Electric Heat- Treating Furnace for Normalizing Steel Ring Gears for Chevrolet Au- tomobiles 401 02 THE IRON AGE February 11, 192 yp of the stack through a small door near the top ( ¢ the furnace. The attendant opens this door by mea fa foot-operated lever on the floor. The furnace when loaded holds 60 gears and gears are kept in the furnace one hour. It is alwa kept filled to its capacity. While its rated output 0 per hr., or one per min., it is usually being operat he rate of 54 per hr. On a man-hour basis put per man per hour compares with the product 15 gears per man per hour with the box type furna me? l \\ Che nace temperature is 1500 deg. It takes min. f e work to come up to heat and it is k \ to soaking heat 40 min. No harm is done if th are kept heated for a longer period and, wi the plant shuts down Saturday noon, the gears in furnace are left there until Monday morning. One The furnace has a capacity of 60 kw. Its output n 600 work per hr. or 10 lb. per kwhr. It uses ne 0) g phase current, stepped down from 44 t The temperature is controlled by a Leeds & ! Northrup single point controller. Signal lights ars rovided at the side of each furnace, a purple ligh wing proper temperature and a red light indicating » high a temperature. When an attendant takes a gear from the furnace e of he places it in the die of a Gleason quenching machine \fter quenching he puts it on a drain rack to allow the o drain off. Then he puts it on an adjoining tabi ' gaging There are five hardening furnaces arranged in a ¢ é hree for regular production, one for truck gear I nu ind one for service work. Each furnace is served by a l uenching machine located at the side of the front from the There i saving of 20 per cent in labor and no increase nachine n heating cost, it is said, but probably a decrease in i e set heating cost with the use of the electric hardening fur- ( he electric aces as compared with the box type furnace, according ed sufficiently estimates made in the heat-treating department of I this plant. Owing to the even temperature, gears come ( te! it with an even hardness and the product is generally expected I etter. There is virtually no scale. No sand blasting irning box required and very little brushing is necessary. This means a considerable saving in cleaning as compared with the former heat-treating method. There are prac- Phe Ring Gear Hardening Furnace ly no rejections for warp. The human element has een practically eliminated. Smoke fumes and heat ( irnace desig! have been almost entirely done away with, so that ring gi ning furnace working conditions in the plant have been improved rbo1 - irt 4 with the use of the electric furnace, and in addition, H & } i ‘ ere is a saving of 50 per cent in floor space. : I I A \ IU! oS I = — ———— ve to owije Learge Mine Hoist in Birmingham District £ | 9 furnacs The Woodward Iron Co. has had built by the Hardie he |} I ne are of the Tynes Mfg. Co., Birmingham, a mine hoist for its No. 2 ’ ¢ e sul nded by a ore mines on Red Mountain, capable of handling 20 tons H } ng unit. Th f ore each trip. The hoist will operate two skips in ! rrounded by calcined balance at a speed of 3000 ft. per min. on a 30-deg. i ni ‘urthe nsulated slope. The drum is of the cylindro-conical type, the nate! 10%2 in. thick. The outside cylindrical part being 12 ft. diameter and the smal! ! teel plate and angle construction end of the conical part 8 ft. in diameter. Overall et nd braced make a solid compact ength is 17 ft. and the entire drum has a rope capacity rnace is a removable cover, of 3750 ft. of 1%4-in. rope. The drum shaft is 30 ft { the heating chambe long. The shaft has a 6-in. hole bored through the , ng center the entire length on a gun-boring lathe to ine gf é e furnace in the forn facilitate inspection and as a guarantee against defects nd ge trom feeding the gear I hem fron ne furnace, the oper: ge ge Aa A More Steel Furniture Sold nder the hearth at the side of the WASHINGTON, Feb. 6.—Thirty-two companies in the me “business group” received orders to the value of $2,- ‘ ne 154,277 for steel furniture in December, 1925, as against ed n November, according to the Department 1 es aroun rece. December shipments were valued at $2,- ut , and unfilled orders aggregated $1,531,505. Both rl € Wo! orders received and shipments in December were the perated | highest in more than a year. In the “shelving” group, ] ( nN rY I ] > } < . - ne lu a wut ; 1 J é é re jucer al Reeve nina Pesca to oe , 9 emma be eee Sal aa aia ae $788,461, and unfilled orders were valued at gill le gears = 99/0,941, Shipments were much the highest in more t lide at the bottom and removes them from the than a vear. Hardening and Tempering Steels Effect on the Thermoelectric Electromotive Force —Method Used in French Tests Tool Steel Hardening ‘HE purpose in undertaking the work e di nnect scribed was to study the effects of hardening a Though the of tempering on the thermoelectric electromoti\ \\ merely as a shop method to complete the Brinell test force of a few steels, using the very simple method for e rapid identification of steels, particularly of devised by Galibourg (THE IRON AGE, Vol. 109, 1922, necial steel t readilv lend self to systematic in- pages 1291-1292). The apparatus is essentially as fol vestigations in commercial laboratories, provided cer- lows: \ recautions are taken. A pure iron wire, B, Fig Under giver nditions duplicate determinations standard, is connected at ‘ i arried out on the same sample by careful and experi- terminal of the millivoltmeter G. w ! 1 oper ! hould not differ by more than 0.02 b' dips in an electrically heated mercury bat millivolt, provided attention is given to the following negative terminal of the milliv y ++ I nts the steel clamp P which is kept t el clamp fF : kept 2 a Wat ld be ated imp at such \y Passing water through he ] i F . ia 5 ta . = . a rate hat th ta I f the te bar is kept at @ s + I e ¢« imp V lie the otne! nad ‘ I is 1€ in th iam] VOL end r constant ten st If t ? eth nd cross sec the mercury. ] } ; on of the t ire such that, wher ermal equilibrium Under these conditions, when equilibrium has beer 1s been atta nperature at me point be- reached the deflection of the galvanometer gives a tween the 1 y bath and tl mp the same measure of the thermoelectric e. m. f. of the coupl as the room tempera water can be cut off eg 1 \ TI mercury d | t which can consisting of the test piece and standard wire, be , : a ay be obtained only with a t ‘ g& of le tes tween the temperature of the atmosphere and that of , . . . . s the mercury bath, provided that the millivoltmeter has rhe mercury should be as ntinually during a high enough resistance and that the water passing the test through the clamp is at room temperature. The only The bai d be held in a fixed position and function of the mercury is to insure a perfect electric hould not the le of the mercury bath i a is tac ind nnecting wires should *Translated abstract |} \ Rapineau-Couture f article by P. Nicolau in Revue de Métallurgie, \ - . ad ge 458 August, 1925, pages 539 to 544 +} +} 1utno Ol re -Value in n the test ) ‘ ° NOTE' Jher — \ orrespond to o T T unts marked @ quenching ,* TT y 7 A : ] Fig. 1—Effect of Harden A & : , . 7 ° > on + ing and Tempering in the AY £ Thermoelectric e. m. f. of i“ a | r | i . > Some Stee ls “a — « | {+ inal ? Water + } ~~ 5 TY G Ly € => ) T i tentaeastie b = ae $— _ Se Gael. einen \ : | =i J | Sa as a 5 4 4 . j ] o cr ‘ } i » Wet Jacob Hotzer-—t* cL -+--— > +4 ee > i Ss ar + } , } a a 4 e BLS : Sémi-trild ; J S 49 Fig. 3—Relation of The 3 | TI T if | Semi | e g. 3—] of Ti | 2 fet serra ¢ moelectric e. m. f. to Ten e th, Ther? c 60+ 4 | i } i 5 ae Schaal . pe rung T¢ mpe ratures ”n j + EO} + + = (jt Bi a 5 Hare 2 tJ > EL ‘ t ‘} ie i ¢ _ l ( ‘ e 30 ers ‘xtra-mild — + £ | é gd T " ad © | (Carbo i t t -- r & o | sencne = 10 > ; + + + t + > ; Ye | ) = <4 f ‘) ( . ; ¢ 9 de 7 0 ae 0 200 «= 400 600 800 «=: 1000 Temper na Temperatures deq cent ar and the standard wire. method had put it forth seme ew Lackawanna Rolling Mills Two New Finishing Mills and Rebuilding of Electric Drive Extended Scrap Reclaiming Blooming Mill ( Jethlehem a a } vt j j » 4 fo 1! resel llment of the articik " n.-28-in. structural mill, which rating for several weeks, and a still newer : tructural mill for light sections, which is go into operation early in the spring. Herein v ¢ d rat ] ( he} } ea? Riu ht), with In tensifier Be- jond The section of roller ? Tore ground may he 1 hack and forth te odat dro} ping long nds or to pern f }y eT j a or e rebuilding of No. 7 blooming n of electric drive on other mills, a new S ] y + Vo. 7 Blooming Mill 40-in. blooming mill, known as No. he installation of a complete new mill train with tables, together with an electrically operated manipulator, in place of the old hydraulically operated manipulator, electric drive in place of steam-engine drive, a considerable amount of new work around the a new Mesta hydraulic shear and new tables both sides of the shear. The table engines have been replaced by motors. As a result of these changes mill may be said to have been practically rebuilt. coke oven gas in the soaking pits is expected duce economies through ease of control, uniform- ' result and adequacy of supply. Two new soak- l Use of t¢ nr ing pit cranes of the Morgan st leg type have been installed, each of 15 tons capacity. These will handle the larger ingots to be rolled on the rebuilt blooming mill. Electric drive of this two-high mill is by a Westinghouse reversing motor rated at 7000 hp. and means ot operating with 750 volts d.c. The motor has a to: capacity of 2,000,000 ft. lb. and its speed is placed 50 to 120 r.p.m. To provide current for the motor motor-generator set, rated at 3750 hp. and 368 r.p.n takes three-phase current of 25 cycles at 6600 volts. Another motor-generator set of 1000 kw. produc« direct current at 250 volts for operating the table m tors, manipulators, etc. Air washing and cooling equi ment on the Carrier system has been put in for vent Billet Transfer and Pusher at No. 7, 40-In. Blooming Mill (Upper Left). Between the rollers ap- pear the scale fingers used in weighing billets to check gag: setting lating both the mill motor and the motor-generator sets and keeping them cool while running. At the new 800-ton hydraulic shear a Mesta table has been provided which may move away from the shear, to permit dropping of crop ends up to 30 in. in tT 1 length, or may close the gap and allow blooms or billets to pass over. Crop ends are carried away by crop con- veyor and delivered automatically into cars. One unusual feature just beyond the table is a dis- appearing bloom scale provided by the Mesta Machine Co., Pittsburgh. This is used customarily to weigh the first bloom from each ingot and thus to check the posi- tion of the cutting gage. By this means excessive cropping is avoided at later stages in the making of the finished ste Fingers, rising between table rollers, lift the bloom off the table. The mechanism of the scale is between the two arms of the pusher, back of th table, while the registering arm, in the pulpit whence the pusher is controlled, is under the care of the oper- itor there. From the runout table of the shear the blooms are pushed off onto a transfer of the reciprocating type, which delivers them directly onto cars located in the billet yard alongside of the mill. Two 20-ton electric 404 - aS ©. Anette February 11, 1926 Rebuilt No. 7 Blooming Mill, with Its Neu Electric Drive Units, Is Shown Above. Steel approaches the mill from the right. Items o/ equipment indicated by letters are as follows: A—Accumulators; B—Air intake; F—Fly wheel; M—Small electric motors; MG—Moto generator sets; OP—Operators’ pulpit; OT Oil tanks, high-pressure; P—Pinions; R—Run out table to shear; S—Slip regulator. Position of main rolls is shown solid black = EP ee ee eee x + — a 4 a EI) I wo Me Ma Sab — Mb ttm Loe a | =." Ry... = Ad ss 4 o THE IRON AGE O° Air Washers a: New Shear and Accessories to Serve the No. 7 Blooming Mill (Below). Cars for crop ends and buggies for piled billets are moved from the house H. Other lettered items are: A—Accu mulator; C—Control house; D—Operator’s pulpit; F—Scale fingers; H—Piler and crop car drive house; I—Intensifier; M—Electric motors; P—Pusher; R—Recorder house; RT Retreating table; S—Shear; T—Transfer; W —Scale mechanism “Oc% = a - ors r ———_— a? at — an _ : age eyo! - =a- we) ; : —— M i a oa a a j from i ] J) JU a7 405 106 THE IRON AGE February 11, 1926 Approach Side of 35-In. Structura Mill, with Manip- ulator Mechanism at Right. At ex- treme left, beyond the mill, appears one of the travel- ing tables serving the 28-in. mill. Motor room is be- yond partition, at right m the Cleveland Crane & span to give large storage capacity, these cranes wi! Engines ng erve tnis vard. The pusher, transfe. handle all of the semi-finished steel going into both the table and cro} nveyor were furnished by the Tread- No. 12 and the No. 14 mills. w Engineering Co., Easton, Pa Four sand-bottom furnaces are located at the end of the building adjacent to the billet yard, two being Vew Structural Mill Equipment on either side of the approach table for the mill. Pro- ne Laas vision is made for two additional future furnaces be- yregie ers No. 3, which dates from tween the four present furnaces and the mill. Each se" abe structural mill known as N furnace measures 21 ft. 3 in. x 52 ft. outside the brick ; = Py Serene: S nstruction, No. ll work, with a hearth of 19 ft. x 88 ft. in rectangular ; en Production in the qimension. The furnace regenerators measure 15 ft. ne \ ’ le I-} ns up t 24 i hannels UP wide inside and 19 ft. long, with 18 courses of brick in : * x 8 in. and sheet piling. The ich chamber. Coke oven gas is the fuel. new I rs S a DUE a running past t 7 These furnaces are served by two 10-ton Alliance ee ; ee and the new No. 14 mill Machine Co. charging cranes of the revolving type. s ee See pe CRBS RET SK The furnace doors are electrically operated, thus avoid- Se ee ee perated throughout. ing all of the trouble incident in winter to the use of As shown by the diagram, the new mill consists Of hydraulic operation. The approach table came from co eversing Jo-in. rolls and three the Morgan Engineering Co., Alliance, Ohio. = he first two of which are three-high, The 35-in. mill, its electric manipulators and its = naa saaapsecen pnuccage onesie 5 Phe “S-In. stands front and back tables are products of the Mesta Ma- oe “sce 7" e driven by a single motor, Serv- chine Co. The traveling roller tables and traveling : e - n Cacn Side are tw traveling tilting tilting mechanism for the three 28-in. stands, as well S pile ee lhree travel- as the hot bed and the runout tables to the hot saw, : in inction with the tilting were furnished by the Morgan Engineering Co. The n shows a reversed fan-shaped runout hot saw came from the United Engineering & Foundry e of extra long sections. — lo Co., Pittsburgh. Two 75-ton Alliance cranes, with 86 ea Ree Sam Ot ns siope upward at ft. 6 in. span, serve the mills. - eee = Electric equipment for operating this mill includes nsideration of tl tructural mill begins with the two Westinghouse motors of 1,000,000 ft. lb. torque M ard a ! rt end, equipped with two 20-tor each. One motor, rated at 3500 hp. and of 50 to 120 ven . Miaced on a runway of sufficient r.p.m., drives the 35-in. stand. The other motor, of M - - D : Hy : My M F J T E 4 M R ata a y £ B M / i eu Structural 1 at 1 » 4 ’ . : oe a e oy nies es a M bone ls mia Bes e corse pe billet yard at right through MG—Motor-generator set: P—Pinio, etry eit uct shipping yard; D—Spare straightener travelers: S—Spare roll stands for 28-in. mill; <n MG February 11, 1926 THE IRON AGE 407 General View (Below) of 28-In. Portion of Struc- tural Mill. The three stands, in line appear im middle distance. Moto» room is back of the parti- ion at right. Two travel- ricer Tr ng tilting tables appear Troe), Se n middle of picture, with Pe ae the ends of two more J - , traveling tables at left. Similar equipment is placed beyond the threes stands. One of the fan shaped runouts shows above the right hand mill stand Semi-F ormed Bloom Drawn from Furnace and Ready for Rolling on the 35-In. Mill (Above). The charging ma- chine, depending fron ove rhead crane, appears above bloom. All furnace doors are ope rated electri cally 5000 hp. and a speed of 75 to 150 r.p.m., drives the hp. motor of the 35-in. mill, while the other two supply three 28-in. stands. A single motor-generator set, run the 5000-hp. motor. - by a 7500-hp. induction motor operating at 368 r.p.m., Three air W ashers, all inter ocked and rated each at transforms three-phase 25-cycle current at 6600 volts 40,000 cu. ft. of air per min., are located on the west into direct current at 700 volts for the use of the two side of the motor room. While one is intended for the mill motors. This set includes a flywheel and three motor for the 35-in. mill, one for the motor for the generators, one of which provides current for the 3500 28-in. stands, and one for the motor-generator set, the A . J la ff Lett l iten f equipment ‘e as follows: furnaces, rolls and straightener and ou sara ¢ e) Lettere juipment are as follows: roll stands: E~—Roll storage racks; F Fa -shaped inout;: i D / f i fo? ; H Hot aw, M Electric SB—Switchboard; T—Traveling tables; Tr—Transformers; TT—Trav } g tao 408 THE IRON AGE February 11, 192 M MM M M ¥ ] R o—+—_+—_+ + -#—+ + . " Taman AA aan Ss ‘ . a T_1 moa a4 1 7 tla lili itil y r z : n tm teem: ( \e i} } Tee 2 ——————————_ (oes it] hil TILL ek CLL LD , | I Ch la | | . Rott Racks con! Bivo'olosla' Dunnistt 10 Yara cog tetlins Afi ts UK U i + | Se 4 j ae | pr { ¢ ed 4 r . . . 7 , 7 , 7 y y 7 ra Me N / AeA OL OL ep — rs ++ —>— p= 1M + + . P ad [1 Straighteners ‘outta! hous : “Double Hot Bec LS-J 14-] Rolls. Steel passes from furnaces at right and } H—H e gear set; M—Electric motors; MG—Motor-generato roller trains. Scale from the pit is handled by a 10 Alliance crane, with 60-ft Alliance bucket crane into cars, for transportatior he open-hearth department. | ts for tne zd mili inciude a! tands, three in number, located on Vo. 14 Mill Not Yet Completed th ‘ the 7 The spare bass ved from the mill on Kor production of light beams, channels, ang I lupl t tands flats, sections and rounds, a new 18-in.-14-in. sti n releasing anotne tural mill is being installed. Much of the machine nds, etc, s already set in position. This mill, as with No. 12, tent takes the product of the to be motor driven throughout. It is expected that es the hot saw. Two operating will be ready to operate about March 1. | ne on either side of the building, Two continuous heating furnaces, 53 ft. long outs ng ¢ nded to half the hot bed ind with a 17-ft. width inside, are to burn coke ove bed is divided at half length, into two gas. They will be equipped with water-cooled ski traightener rolls are in line with resting on water-cooled pipe carried crosswise of th: west (or far) side of the hot bed. furnace, in place of the usual brick piers. They a1 end of the hot bed the roller straight from the General Furnace Co. Provision is made f United Engineering & Foundry Co., adding a third unit, should this later become necessar} r raightener set provided, to conserve time This mill, which will include ten stands of two-hig making change Over the straightener is a 75-tor rolls on the continuous principle, has five stands of 18 rar In the finished steel yard, beyond the in. rolls and five stands of 14-in. rolls. Mechanica gag straighteners for I-beams, together drive for these stands was made by the Mackintos! f heet piling, two cold saws and one Hemphill Co., Pittsburgh. Bethlehem steel forgins r, with a system of transfer beds for serving were furnished for this mechanical drive. The motor s steel yard includes a total of six parallel and motor-generator set are of Allis-Chalmers make. roduct of the mill, served by a total of In handling long bars, this mill will make use of th Cleveland 10-ton cranes. Skew-Y tables of the Morgan Construction Co., passing the N 12 mill and the N 14 mill is a material from one group of stands to the next. That vi ale is flushed by water from both. company furnished the mill housings and pinions a1 : oo igh tunnels, from under the mills and the shears with back shear table. Mill housings a) Motor Room of 35-In.-28-In. Structural Mill. In foreground is = ° is the motor-generator set. Control : us motor.drts e for the three 28-in. stands. Beyond . 4 room, su itchboards, ete., are at left February 11, 1926 Ce direction of arrows through stands Nos. 1, 2 P—Control house and pulpit; R—Runout pinions are set, in each case, foundation piece about 15 in. deep, furnished by the Bethlehem Steel Co. This preserves rigid alinement. The Birdsboro (Pa.) Steel Foundry & Machine Co. was responsible for the straight tables and the two trans- fers between tables. The hot bed and roller straight- ener came from the Morgan Engineering Co. The billet shear is from the United Engineering & Foundry Co., as is also the drop saw for cutting finished sec upon a single cast steel Exit side of the 28-In. Mill, with Three Stands of Rolls. One of the traveling tilting carriages appears at left. At ezx- treme right, in background, the 35-in. stand is faintly discernible ; : | minal Ih it “ ia. tee wage | ie THE IRON Nhea? 7 Transfer table; YS Y AGE 409 Conwinuous i ert. Furhaces | f Blaom{hargers designated by letter are -skew roller table / 200 [tems f equipme + tions to length. The nished by the Treadwell Engineering Co. Crane equipment for this plant includes a 25-ton unit in the 10-ton crane in the furnace room and two 15-ton cranes in the mill department, all from the Alliance Machine Co. The larger steel cast- ings for the table work and for some of the motor parts are products of the Bethlehem foundries. Switching equipment and table motors are of Westinghouse make. runout table to shear was fur motor room, a In the Uncompleted 18- eT eee In.-14-In. Structural Mill Building. Gear drive 2 i mechanism for the mill a At stands appears in fore- De ground, in a lean-to along- side the main building, which is at left of the columns shown. Comple- tion of this mill is expected early in the spring THE IRON AGE February 11, 19: S j he Yare j J } ai +} y Scrap Reclaiming Plant y Oo ind wy ne ne rn } o ird A si) ne ‘ st) S] T r< ides a r the sk reaker, with two 15-ton ’ I ‘ St \ 15-tor T6f i it half s o ? T ' v i€ ¢< Vi v S I i i € i 10 tons veigl ised ndling and breaking the heavy The clear drop provided is 50 ft. Armor plate provided, on which to break skulls and other ! CCE Shears for cutting up scrap and buckets fo1 ing slag are included in the equipment. The le e lower runway facing Lake Erie has been th corrugated steel, t protect the workers vinds off the lake Other Changes and Additions While the items sted above constitute the main the re ruc n program, other impor- ive been done in this plant. An outdoor I n tation is being installed to handle addi- I electric power tron Niagara Falls and thus to he increased demands due to the electri ot int and } lT tal ition of new m ls \ qaistrip e! I ury Is cf ke en ga had be pre re at ( 2 to tne en-hearth fun and ’ led rive wa ! lee n N » mill I 20 1? ( plate l] convertible I 76-12 read en The 1 oY f 5000 hy rated a i 0) torque It runs at 75 to 120 r.p.m f e! it 700 The mill ible nere have ‘ vith modern n Yr drive the hydraulic } replaced by electrical] erated pushe) ©) t ] ? i Tr ¢ it ny ? l , ee, ania j overa } Shea and othe) equipment under the low-level ¢ The low crane runway projects under the high ( cranewau protects workers from biting wind We fare buildings scattered throughout the have been built in most substantial manner. These de exceptionally good facilities for the men it vay of lockers, toilets and washing accommodat {n extension now being made on the stripper buildir the Bessemer and No. 2 open-hearth de} } ments, includes a new 200-ton Morgan stripper « Ti veel apable of handling the larger ingots to be roll the new No. 7 mill. Extensive replace ments in the yard track Syst have involved the use of 105-lb. rails to replace New rolling stock has |! acquired, including locomotives as heavy as 85 tons f the open-hearth department and large numbers of new type of charging box car using Hyatt roller bea These cars run so easily that the stockyard crant with its magnet, pulls a considerable drag of thé along the track without running the magnet-support cables off the drum. Employees’ living conditions have been well car the company having contracted for the building some 300 modern single houses of varying size and a sign. The houses are sold to employees on easy mont! They are located in a development known Bethlehem Park, within convenient walking distances ighter rails formerly used. ings. ¢ oY terms. tne plant. As it was explained to the writer of this article, the aim in the new development at the Lackawanna plan was not, primarily, greater tonnage. Rather was it the attainment of lower operating costs, better working conditions and increased security of dividends. If, witl these desiderata obtained, a somewhat higher tonnags also is had, this would be but a result naturally to | anticipated from new and well-considered equipme! units. Properties } lat OOKIE of Haynes Stellite are given in a 15-pag issued recently by the Haynes Stellite Co., K: komo, Ind. The data are based chiefly upon investiga tions made by the Union Carbide & Carbon Researc! Inc., Long Island City, N. Y., and include hardness, resistance to abrasion, compressive strength tensile strength, coefficient of friction, electric an thermal conductivity, magnetic properties, melting point, density, coefficient of thermal expansion and r tance I aboratories, to chemical corrosion, Finished Structural Mate) al Sh pping Yard, u ith l Each bay is served by ‘ncompleted Shipping Shed Building in Right Background. One or more 10-ton cranes Revise Scrap Specifications Sweeping Changes in Definition of No. 1 Heavy Melting Steel—Protection from Inclusion of Alloy Steel a Feature of Many Grades WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.—Sweeping chang specifications for No. 1 heavy melting ste ra] the insertion of a clause covering numerous grad old material to insure blast furnaces and found: against the purchase of steel with an alloy mixt when not desired, were features of a conference held here Feb. 4, which adopted specifications for more that 100 items. The meeting was held in the Commerce Building under the auspices of the Divisi of Simplified Practice, and was presided over by Dir tor W. C. Wetherill of the committee on metals tions. It was attended by approximately 33 re) tives of blast furnaces, steel plants, foundries, th National Association of Purchasing Agents, technica societies and Government departments. Many of the changes made were of a minor character. The spe fications decided upon will be broadcast by the di to the industries and interests concerned, and the D« partment of Commerce is prepared to hold another revision conference at the request of any group in cas¢ the changes adopted Jast week The iron rolling mill specifications merely tentative and were not adopted. The principal discussion regarding heavy melting Department reser! unsatisfactor proposed were prove scrap specifications related to the proposed elimination, finally decided upon, of a requirement that '%-in. and heavier plate scrap be cut 12 in. by 12 in. Taking the place of this specification was a clause providing that plate scrap of smaller dimensions may be required by mutual agreement between buyer and seller. The re casting of the heavy melting scrap etc., in a different form than heretofore, and reduc: the size of coil springs from %-in. to %%-in. The revised specifications for No. 1 heavy melting steel, as adopted, follows: No. 1 heavy melting steel scrap is stee ind over in thickness, not over 18 in. in wid not over 5 ft. long. Individual pie such shape that they will ! ! and will lie flat in a charging box. Cut b must be cleaned of lime and not over 3 ft. long. Smaller dimensions of p may be required by mutual agreement betwe and seller. No piece is to weigh less thar b Heavy melting scrap may includ shapes, bars and plates, steel castings he carbon tool steel, heavy forgings, forge b heavy material. This grade similar new mashed pipe ends, original over, thoroughly flattened, sheet bars rail ends, railroad steel s » such as angle couplers, knuckles, short 1 d \ bolsters, coil and leaf pr ‘ (all x in. or larger paragraph also provides for the inclusion of structural shapes, bars, The provision for excluding et mutua yreement etween buye? and seller was held to be an inusually important step. The question was raised by H. R. DeGroat, A. M. Wood & Co., Philadelphia, who iid a serious situation is facing the scrap market ffecting sellers, shippers and users by reason of the xture of alloy steel with a grade that is sold as turn specially true at centers of auto- Detroit, is disposed of by contract or otherwise. He with carbon , and that in most instances ship- nd dealers are not of the fact. The con such as where chrome and mixed material 1s aware dition wa iid to be due to the fact that the material not segregated. The result of this practice, which had merely grown up in the trade and was not designed to be injurious, is that there are a great many rejections and reductions in prices, together with difficulty over Most blast furnaces and foundries mixture of these alloys, it was declared, it spoils the runs from the trade is being flooded sales agreements. do not want the because furnace and the cupola. It was asserted that the with chrome and alloy scrap The other changes made in the specifications were in the nature of refinements than major revisions, although they were numerous in all grades. The specifi- cations were adopted for an indefinite period, and it was disclosed that there problems of a which notably the presented by The was pointed hoped complete segregation of the mixtures at the purchased more are certain sol ition, chrome steel in latter problem, it ut, will likely be superseded by one which it is technical nature lifficulties provision require scrap. covering the will mean plants where they ar ations, the confer contract In addition to adopting the specifi form of purchase National Association of Purchas plified practice pro ence adopted a standard recommended by the ing Agents and adopted unde cedure last fall. The unification of specifications has been under way ince 1923 when several sets of specifications were in », it was explained by H. C. Wickline, Union Steel Casting Co., Pitt presented the report & ommon ust purgn, Who Revised Specifications Covering Iron and Steel Scrap For Use by Blast Furnaces, Steel Plants, Foundries, Etc. Scrap For Use in Blast Furnaces and similar material cut from galvanized materia 1 foreig B Borings Cast Iron Clean cast iron borings free from badly rt terial, lumps, scale her I I of any kind C. Shoveling Turnings Clean, short, steel and w ig n or screw cuttings Use in Basi THE IRON I a e re i" I id Ni, my Open-Hearth Furnaces , D O. H +} d a a Bale NY, } b 7 1 : i t ] fres pe ». G i ’ i d pr ngies 1 m 2 in part in AGE February 11, 19 ap or cast e, dirt or welds or attachn foreign material of Association specifications Nos. 3 <ind, concret al Railway be accepted cted Shearing Scrap. up to 6 in., structural shapes ! rom 4 up to 9 in., bars % in. and over d et and flats % in. to 2 in. thick and o 10 in. in width. To be in straight lengths lirt and foreign material of any kind. Longs I s free from cast welds and attachment by mutu igreement between buyer and s¢ e Tur short first cut turnings from wrought iilroad axles or heavy forgings, and rail cl t le than 75 lb. per cu. ft., free from dirt t f any kind. Alloy steel scrap may b Y u igreement between buyer and selle iop Turnings wrought iron turnings, f ré idly ed or matted material, cast iron t xecessive oil, dirt or foreign material rusted corroded stock will not be ac Ma Shop Turnings ea teel or wrought iron turnings, curly y I tangled material, but must be frs isted, lumpy and corroded stock. To contair ! ther metals, excessive oil, dirt or foreig i American Railway Association nd 51 will be accepted. Be ron borings and drillings, free i fror badly corroded or rusty ther metal dirt or foreign mater ( pr ed Sheet Scrap i ee] I clippings, shearings, - p, side nd end sheet and tin mill npressed into compact, rectangular xceed 20 in. longest dimension, weighing per u. ft.;: must be clean and fre¢ t, paint or protective coating of any kind trical sheets or material over 0.5! Ww e accepted Further limitation of ide by) utual agreement betweer SI t Scrap black steel sheet clippings, shearings rap le and end sheet and tin mill scra d int rectangular packages, tied with w iff ntly compact 1 to come apart in hat £ I over 20 in. longest dimension, ws ul lb. per cu. ft must be clean and fre ‘ f any kind, or excessive ru trical heets or material over | be accepted Further limitation of ide by mutual agreement between sl t Scra c e] heet clippings, shearings ske Pp ide nd end sheet and tin mi d with not le than two wires or bands t over 18 in. x 18 in. x 3 ft., weighing n bundled in such a manner that handling with a magnet; packag‘ must be of any k electrical be accepted F made by ain or ] r protective t No detinned »0 per cent coating scrap, sheets 0 Silicon will content may be mutual and seller lippings 1 sheet clippings, shearings and nd lighter, free from paint or protective nd, or excessive rust; to be not over 18 in edge rimmings or shearings to be ng. No detinned scrap, electrical 8 per cent silicon will be accepted content may be made by mutual i I nd seller Coated Sheet Scrap eel sheet scrap, composed in whol having a coating of zinc, paint or prot be clearly specified as galvanized or issified ; above under O, P, Q or R, a¢ nner in which it is prepared for shipment 50 per cent silicon will be accepted Sheet Ser ip pings and shearings, originally « ve coating of tin or lead and tin, but gn n l hay been removed Must il over 0.50 per cent silicon a (Continued on page 455) 6 tie Quieter Season in European Iron Semi-Finished Steel on Continent Is Firm— British Shipbuilding Decline Severe (By Cable) LONDON, ENGLAND, Feb. 8. LULL has followed the recent heavy buying of Cleveland pig iron, but makers are well booked for the present and with the limited output are able to maintain a firm attitude. Steel works’ producers may need to increase production to supply their own require- ments. Hematite is scarce and prices firm. Foreign ore is dull, with Bilbao Rubio at 21s. 3d. to c.i.f. Tees. Sentiment is better in finished iron and steel as a result of improved domestic inquiry and moderate ex port activity. New Zealand is expected to place orders for railroad material shortly. The tin plate market is still rather dull, although pooling by makers is now in effect. Australian, Conti- nental and Far Eastern buyers, however, are showing some interest. Galvanized sheets recently eased off, but have since become steady on better Indian demand. Black sheets are quiet with only a moderate export in- quiry. The Continental situation is complex. Semi-finished material is decidedly firm, but the re-entry to the mar- ket of Charleroi producers and French works is tending to weaken sentiment. In German Upper Silesia only four of 15 furnaces are in blast. German shipyards are slightly more active. J l od... British Business Improves but Possible Coal Strike Makes Future Uncertain LONDON, ENGLAND, Jan. 21.—With the first month of the new year drawing to a close there is a marked improvement in the general condition of the iron and steel markets, offset somewhat by the deepening shadow of trouble in the coal fields within the next few months. Nevertheless there has been a decided revival in busi- ness and since the holidays there has been a change in pig iron from a buyers’ to a sellers’ market. Dearer fuel has affected iron prices and consumers, principally domestic, realizing that values were tending upward, have been seeking supplies so that a considerable ton- nage is going directly into consumption. While there 1s the prospect of more furnaces being blown in to meet this increased demand, makers are deterred by the high price of fuel. Since Christmas, when pig iron values increased for the first time in many months, the price f Cleveland foundry has risen 3s. 6d. a ton, the latest advance of 6d. occurring early this week. In the mean- time one large producer has withdrawn from the mar- ket. Hematite also has advanced, but not so rapidly, there being no fixed minimum or extra for export, but satisfactory sales have been made to both domestic and foreign users. The floods on the Continent affected production but first reports of damage to plants seem to have been exaggerated, as most of the mills in the flooded area are in operation again. The Charleroi strike, which has forced a complete suspension of mills in that district since June, has ended, but many of the killed workers have drifted to other sections so that it is expected to be some time before the Charleroi fur- naces and mills are important factors again. In fin- ished iron and steel the heavy mills have been booking more freely, particularly with domestic orders from fabricators and engineering companies, but export trade is still slow and new shipbuilding shows no sign if improvement. Lloyds returns for the final quarter of last year show the severity of the decline in British shipbuilding. The tonnage under construction was the lowest since 1909, totaling only 885,013 tons. The total gross ton- nage launched for the year was 1,079,998. The total merchant tonnage building in other countries, 1,184,- 532 tons, is about 13,000 tons less than at the end of September. The figures for the leading countries are: Italy, 309,578 tons; Germany, 234,145 tons; France, 167,256 tons; Holland, 108,894 tons, and the Untied States, 105,211. Italy for the first time since the re- British and Continental European prices per gross ton, except where otherwise stated, f.o.b. makers’ works, with American equivalent figured at $4.86 per £, as follows: Durham coke, del’'d.. £1 1%s $5.22 Bilbao Rubio oret... 1 1% §.22 Cleveland No. 1 fdy.. 3 12% and £3 13s.* 17.62 and $17.74°* Cleveland No. 3 fdy.. 310 and 3 10%* 17.0l and 7.13° Cleveland No. 4 fdy.. 3 9 and 3 9%* 16.77and 16.88* Cleveland No. 4 forge 3 8 and 3 8%* 16.52and 16.65* Cleveland basic ..... 3 10 and 3 10%* 17.0land 17.13* Kast Coast mixed.... 3 17 to 4 0 18.71 to 19.44 Kast Coast hematite... 4 19 24.06 Ferromanganese 15 10 75.33 *Ferromanganese i. ae 74.12 Rails, 60 lb. and up.. 7 5 te s 35.24 t 55.83 NI te oie a Sa ee a 6 0 to 7 1 29.16 ¢t 36.45 Sheets and tin plate, BONG; WOME cccccs 6 5 30.38 Tin plates, base box. . 019% te 019% 468 to 4 ) C. per Lt Ship plates ewe e ny ee te eee 1.54 t 1. Boiler plates ........ 11 0 toll 10 2.39 ¢ 2.49 NI Tala ace ete Rig’ oak wie 7 7% to 717% 1.47 t 1.71 NE a s:siua be assent 612% to 7 2% 1.44 to 1.£ NE edigta cg wan : 6 7% to 617% 1.40 t 1.50 Round bars, % to 3 in 717% to 8 7% 171 t 1.81 Steel hoops . acon 20 3 6m OS 2 ind 2.49° Black sheets, 24 gage 11 5 toll 10 2 t 2.49 Black sheets, Japanese specifications ..... 14 15 5 3.19 e Ke Galv. sheets, 24 gage. 16 0 to 1¢ 17 ¢t 3.52 Cold rolled steel strip, DE ccadaveeed 18 0 1 *Export price. tEx-ship, Tees, nominal Oeveesecrssennnsssreseeny Continental Prices, All F.O.B. Channel Ports Foundry pig iron:(a) Belgium £3 2s tof£3 4s $15.06 to $15.5! France 2 to 3 { 15.06 to 15.55 Luxemburg 2 to 3 4 15.06 to 15.55 Bask pig iro! i) I in to 3 14.58 to 16.06 I t 14.58 to 15.06 . : t 14.58 to 15.06 Cok 18 4.37 Bille S Belg Jor ‘ 416 -OR to 23.32 Fra ¥ rr ; : t } ze 5 to ze Mer< ant bar ( per Lb Belg Fi l t 1.21 I burg , to & 1.19 1.2] } é 2 t o i , 1.21 J (bear ) I r ‘ te 2% 1.09 ¢t 1.12 Luxemburg 4 } to 2% 1.09 to 1.12 France 4 t 2% 1.09 to 1.12 Angles Belgium 5 2 te 4 1.12 to 1.15 sl I tes selgiun 19 to 6 1 t 1.34 Germar 6 2% t 6 l » to 1.36 a al Yn p tes . i} Belgium 5 11 t< 12% Lon @ 22 Luxemburg > 1] to 512% 1.21 to 1.22 Sheets, heavy Belgiur f 3 t 6 4 1.36 ¢ 1.37 German} ¢ ¢ 4 6 17 14 THE IRON AGE February 11, 19 { ? : : kes fi la ng shipbuild- velopment which is taking place in the adopti y ‘urine the fourth quarter 182,- motor-driven vessels. were begun abroad and 274,839 The tonnage of motor-driven ships under cons tion in