The Iron Age 1924-03-06: Vol 113 Iss 10

lGdlllbis, by, 5 “Ep ip 44, Gk QD tg Yh 4 kita tddiila aw ™ eel?” ie % oe Production of Perforated Metalware Routing of Materials and Special Punching Arrangements Features of Hendrick Plant—Steel and Manganese Bronze the Principal Materials ITH a large portion of its product going to the \V Y coal industry, the Hendrick Mfg. Co., Carbon- dale, Pa., has developed methods of producing screens and gratings for that industry which will avoid in large measure clogging with dust and small particles of coal, and consequently the deterioration of the mate- rials which follows such clogging. In addition, screens for sand, gravel, crushed stone and filter presses are manufactured; in fact, screens for everything that has to be sized are made here, and a special type of screen which is milled instead of punched, and which is used for sewage disposal plants. The company makes these various screens from sheet and plate steel, copper, man- ganese bronze, monel metal, brass and other alloyed metals. One of the problems is in’the disposal of the punchings and trimmings from the steel plates and sheets used, which amounts to a considerable quantity. These form splendid material for electric furnace use but are difficult to handle. Extensive alterations in the layout, started about four years ago, have been just about completed. These alterations were made necessary by the growth through the past half century of a plant started as a small unit and added to from time to time as demand for its Samples of Work, Showing Plane Flanged Screens and Curved Screens (Upper Left), Tapered Curved Screens (Right), Pressed Gratings (Bottom) and Riveted Skip Car (Center) 701 sere be ' ' ; emg eaee ir r Si eesaenap va, mam oe Aires ee tne . qiasbibands 702 products increased. It is located on both sides of the street and is limited in growth by a railroad right-of- way at one side, a small river at the other side, another railroad right-of-way at one end and private property at the other end. Consequently most of the land avail- able for use has already been built upon. In the re- arrangement, however, particular attention has been paid to the economy to be obtained from straight-line routing of materials. As is indicated in the diagram of the works, the plates and sheets forming the raw material are brought in on a siding of the Delaware & Hudson Railroad. THE IRON AGE March 6, 1924 diversity in the uses of the product. Holes as sma]! a< 0.027 in. diameter or as large as 8% in. diameter are punched. In addition to this there are other shapes, including very thin slots, punched for special purposes, some of these latter being about 1/64 in. in width by % in. long. The great bulk of the work, of course, requires holes between 1/16 in. and 1 in. in diameter, although there is a good deal of plate going through with 2-in. or larger holes. The machines on which this work is done are principally of Bliss or Hilles & Jones make. In some cases they have been specially arranged by their manufacturers to suit the conditions of the Plates and heavy sheets are unloaded from the cars by work. In other cases they have been partially re- , t ’ ’ , 0 50 100 150 200 250 | ee j | || ~ | tan gos | Qo I] } AR COA iif bh uu ' | QO. Q ! ! | ee: HR we] ow ISTEEL SHED 4 y Ht fi Q - Lanaiiiasiaianalan 4} HIGH S| | > o— “RIVETER FIPS sl S| ly a K < <x / | | Ff u = BOILER SHOP > x/ | </ <= = 4 </ ! My | & {fv Si} ~ teas re ys S// || (Oil ow Ys Hl | 4 a ¢ %// | {| wif! % Re I | i | x} / /] |] | & . | | | ! i my mii fy | i = ene S} | | I] Oo | | Hip Wy] a frit ff ~ > HTT g | | a | I} | ion r-4 'U) |] <x | 2 ae —_— is > = | jp ue ; «& oe & | © | | oA | 2 - A a le li * | h oO. ' ENGINE + -—_— ; TRIMMING | Le Room — | A SD» h 4, iT | [Se v4 | | | € ra Ps I} | a = . & If ff { LU Jy {| | $ ‘ av : if | a cy | | ed 4 , N ; FO a a ee a \ ‘ Movement of Material Through the Perforating and Plate Departments to the Shipping Platform Is Indicated by Arrows in the Buildings at Left of Street. Dotted lines in lower left corner show a building, recently acquired but not yet occupied, which will be used for steel storage. Tank, stock and other riveted work, such as skip and mine cars, are done in the boiler shop. Here, also, the pressed steel gratings are fabricated magnets suspended from cranes, two crane runways being extended out over the spur for this purpose. In both cases, of course, the end of the building consists of huge doors which may be opened to permit the pas- sage of the crane. Material brought in in box cars— the thin sheets—have ‘to be unloaded by hand. In either case, however, they are brought into the storage shed, where they are classified, and all except the largest area pieces are put into racks. From the raw material storage sheets and plates are carried on hand-pushed industrial cars on a narrow- gage track into the trimming room, where they are trimmed to size. Here are four shears, the~ heaviest of which can handle %-in. steel. Trimmed sheets are then advanced into the press rooms and punched in accordance with whatever order they may be called upon to fill. There is great diversity in the punching, due to the modeled, particularly as to details of control, in the Hendrick plant. They range for the most part from 75 to 600 tons capacity. Most of the work is punched so cleanly that there is no burr left on the lower side of the sheet, but if burred surfaces are required, plates can be finished in this manner. It is inevitable, however, that the stresses in the metal set up by the operation of punching warP the material slightly out of shape. For this reason, straightening rolls are used to bring it back into shape, in addition to the bending rolls required for certain grades of work, particularly with rotary screens. By far the greater tonnage of punch work is dled in automatic machines, in which the feed is pro duced by setting the machine and depending upon the positive action of its elements to advance the oes required amount after each stroke. Certain speci! work, however, particularly where the punching has han- March 6, 1924 LUNE eNO N NN LEU NERN NEEL FERED Three-Hundred Ton Perforating Press Fitted with Com- bined Feed and Side-Shift Motion to Perform Punch- ing Such as That Detailed in Fig. 2. The feed mechan- ism, at left, oper- ates after every down stroke; the sideways shifting motion, at right, after every down- ward stroke but in alternate directions after alternate strokes. The long connecting rod at left is swiveled at its top to permit its automatic adjustment to the shift motion to be irregular, as in tapered sheets, is controlled by hand, both as to feed and as to location of the punched holes. One of the most interesting cases of feed is that of a 300-ton punch press which, on the occasion of the writer’s visit, was punching holes about 2 in. sq. with rounded corners in plates % in. thick. These holes were spaced with about % in. clear metal between them and were staggered. (Fig. 2.) Pressed Grating Another form of grating produced by a totally dif- ferent method is that used for coverings, footways, etc., over openings and intended largely for ventila- tion and lighting. Typical of this type is that which THE IRON AGE 703 is used over the subway in some of the New York side- walks. Other gratings of this type are used for cov- ering mine shafts, for flooring in galleries, in mine breakers and power plants, and in many other similar locations. These are made of narrow strips of steel forced into intimate interlocking contact under a hydraulic press. The process is patented. The princi- ple of transforming the prepared joint into the com- pleted lock is indicated in Fig. 4. It will be noted that the metal in the intersecting members in the prepared joint extends slightly above the level of the main members and that there is a dovetail opening at its lower end, this dovetail being a portion of the slot cut in the heavy member to re- Multiple Punch Presses with Hand Feed, Governed by the “Steering Wheel” Shown at Left Side of the Right-Hand Ma- chine. At left is the dusting roll, to remove the sawdust thrown on the plates for the purpose of absorbing the excess of oil used for lubrication e EE I = = : ' en elim ee hee os nome he meee re ia 4 Pilbara wore orn ee 704 ceive the secondary member. The action of the press forces the soft steel of this secondary member to flow into the dovetail, in process of being presged down with its top level with that of the main member. The dotted line shows the lower half of the secondary mem- ber between main members, both pieces being slotted to suit the conditions. These gratings are. made in a number of types, varying from 13/16 in. centers in both directions to 13/16x4% in. centers. In the latter case, either the heavy member or the light mem- Fig. 1—Multiple Punching of Holes, Where Two Non- Adjacent Rows Are Punched Simultaneously, Then the Intervening Rows, Also in Pairs In this case the feed of the sheet or plate through the press is the distance between adjacent rows, while, at the same time, there is a sideways movement equivalent to half the pitch of adjacent holes. There may be 50 or more holes in a row and 50 or more rows in a sheet oo ORE Maem na 8 am neta i AVANT WOETWIOYOEAIE | SJUGMYIMOY VIII B Git E E = , Fig, 2—Multiple Punching, One Row at a Time, Where “Every Other’’ Hole Is Punched at One Stroke and the ’ Intervening Holes at the Next. In this case the feed of the plate through the machine operates only after : each second stroke, while a sideways movement occurs, equal to the pitch between adjacent holes, after each stroke Thus, all the holes marked A are punched then those marked B, then C, etc ; Go .-@ * ° ss f& 2 @ oO we x * 4 Se a + Oo ® x ° S $38 oO v Oo ® x ° A oe o v Oo ®@ x ° A $s 0 v Oo ®@ x ° A: -$ 0 v Oo ® x ° 4 3 o v Fig. 3—Multiple Punching by Groups of Holes on a Machine of Limited Power In this case the punching is carried across the width of the sheet (left to right in ovr cut), and then the sheet is fed through the machine a distance equal to the width of the band of holes already punched, and the process is repeated In the set-up shown, seven holes are punched simul- ' taneousl) first the seven shown by our symbols as hollow circles, then the seven solid circles, followed ; by the crosses, the dots, triangles, etc ber may take the longer spacing, according to the length of span and supporting power required. A special form of this same type has been developed for gratings which have to be crossed by heavy loads, such as automobile trucks. This larger size will take com- fortably as much has 6 tons per wheel, with a 4-ft. span. : Special Work Under Way i There is a certain amount of special work going on | in the plant, including boiler breechings, steel stacks, i , tanks, skip cars, riveted steel elevator buckets of THE IRON AGE March 6. 1: various types, etc. Mine car bodies, including ¢} for very low level work, are made of pressed with either riveted or welded connections. One of the special products, which is patented, ev) sists of a stepped screen for colliery use, which gives better action of the coal in its screening process than is obtained with a straight plate. This improved action is due to the fact that the small steps accelerate ¢) motion of the coal and keep it from piling up clogging. . Naturally, in a plant of this character the too! room is of vast importance. Dies and punches are made here and are kept in repair. Dies are reground as to the plane surface after each run in the machines and the punches are ground as often as needful. A small heat treating room is used for giving the tools met le i and r---- Lae om oe Fig. 4—In the First View, the Cross Piece A C Projects Above the Stringer D EF. On being forced down so that A is level with D (second view) the metal in the lower part of the black area shown in the piece is forced into the dovetail cuts B B in the slot in the stringer. The bottom of the cross piece C naturally goes to C’, this movement being equal to the initial projection of A above D. This makes a thorough- ly rigid connection without rivets or welding and cold on a hydraulic press cross is done their final quality, a Leeds & Northrup automatically controlled furnace being one of the features. Much of the material which comes in has to be an- nealed, particularly if it is to take heavy bending. This is a commercial proposition, because deep stamp- ing steels can be obtained which will not require an- nealing. The ordinary customer, however, will not pay the price for such material. The annealing, there- fore, is a safety measure costing much less than the higher grade of material and giving the same ultimate result. J. T. Fulton, Pittsburgh office, Ingersoll-Rand Co., was the speaker at the mid-winter meeting of the Eastern States Blast Furnace and Coke Oven Associa- tion, held at the William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Thursday evening, Feb. 21. His subject was “The Use of Turbo Blowers for Blast Furnaces.” The speaker kept close to his text and avoided the contro- versial phase of other types of blast furnace blowing engines. Next meeting of the association will be a joint gathering with the Chicago association of blast furnace and coke plant men. This meeting will prob- ably be held at Cleveland. An address on “Mechanical versus Hand Molding,” illustrated by stereopticon views, will be delivered by Frederick K. Vial, chief engineer Griffin Wheel Co., ‘ hl eago, at the next meeting of the Chicago Foundrymen § Club at the City Club, Chicago, Monday evening, March 10. Mr. Vial supervised the construction and equipment of the Council Bluffs plant of the Griffin company, where practically all operations are handled mechanically, as described in an illustrated article in THE IRON AGE 0” March 30, and April 6, 1922. March 6, 1924 THE IRON AGE Grating. This is done by several succes- Patented Joint of the Mitchell-Tapren Co in accumulator and motor-driven pump Hydraulic Press Used for Making the is done. In rear are ; sive “bites” of a few inches each, until the entire area Perforating Presses and Gate Shears Designed for Various Types of Punching and Trimming Work, with Overhead Tramrail for Handling Heavy Plates. Material comes into the shop on flat cars running on the narrow-gage track. The section of track in left foreground, elevated slightly above the floor, carries a car on which the plate is manip- ulated in the punching process, which is done in single holes or a small number of simultaneous holes, as required. The type of car is shown just beyond the second punching machine | : ot . agnasstemre ee rei or 4 ; at ; ; ee aad Pom le ie Selle. a ee eee re MORE IMMIGRATION BILLS Senator Reed Would Encourage Immigration— Committee Reports Bill WASHINGTON, March 4.—The Senate Committee on Immigration last week reported out a bill proposing to continue 1910 as the base year on which to determine quotas of immigrants, but providing for a reduction from 3 to 2 per cent. The House bill, strongly spon- sored by Chairman Johnson of the Committee on Immi- gration, would change the base year to 1890 and is de- signed to give encouragement to heavier immigration of Nordic races. Senator Colt, chairman of the Senate Committee on Immigration, is opposed to both measures and has filed a minority report to the Senate bill in which he protests against the proposed reduction in the quota percentage. Senator David A. Reed, of Pennsyl- vania, has introduced a measure which carries some un- usual features. It takes the Johnson House bill as a foundation, but instead of fixing 1890, as the Johnson bill does, as the year on which arbitrarily to base quotas, the bill of Senator Reed combines the censuses of 1910 and 1920. This is done so as to discover what nation- alities already by their record in the United States prove to be the most easily assimilable into American citizenship. It is thus not an attempt to discriminate against so-called undesirable nationalities or other countries themselves, but is plainly designed as a dis- crimination against immigrants from any country whose coming to America is purely a commercial enter- prise. It is directed against those who enter this coun- try, work and make money, and, declining to become citizens, return to their native land without having contributed to the United States anything but their physical efforts. In other words, they are the dross in the melting pot which, from the point of citizenship, is to be cast off as being not only of no good to the United States, but of distinct harm. Senator Reed realizes the need of labor by industries of the country, but maintains that much more important is the need of immigrants who will enter into American life and constitute them- selves a part of its citizenship. Some Would Be a Menace The view is constantly gaining ground that many of the tremendous numbers of would-be immigrants to + the United States would be a serious menace to the ' country and, because of radical ideas and utter lack of respect for constituted government, would also be a vast danger to the employing interests of the country. By comparison, it has been pointed out, a labor short- age would be a mild thing in its effect. The bill introduced by Senator Reed does not fix an arbitrary quota percentage. It provides that the annual minimum quota of any nationality shall be 200 a& does the Johnson bill, and in addition 1 per cent of the number of foreign born individuals living in the United States as determined by the 1910 census. It further is provided that when it shall have appeared by the census of 1920 that more than half of the foreign born residents in the United States had become naturalized, there shall be added to the quota of such a nationality an additional 4 per cent based on the census of 1910. The theory back of the Reed bill is that there can- not be any forced naturalization of immigrants but that alien colonies in the United States, given to the use of foreign tongues and maintaining purely foreign in- terests, are un-American and a danger to the Republic. The Reed measure is intended to encourage immigrants to become Americanized in fact as well as by more legal formality, and would particularly encourage immigra- tion from Nordic countries, including the United King- dom, Germany and the Scandinavian area—Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Secretary Davis’ Bill Senator Watson, of Indiana, and Senator Moses, of New Hampshire, also have introduced an immigration bill, which makes three measures of this kind now be- THE IRON AGE fore Congress. It was prepared by Secretary of Lah, Davis, and proposes a 2 per cent quota, as against the existing 3 per cent quota based upon the census » 1910. One of the principal sections of the bil! would authorize the Secretary of Labor, under certain condi. tions, to suspend restriction as to certain kinds of labor a provision which many employers have urged be adopted to meet labor conditions. . By this arrangement it is provided that where a peti- tion is filed:in behalf of skilled or unskilled labor which cannot be found unemployed in the United States, and where a strike or lockout does not exist in the par- ticular industry seeking to import such labor, the Sec. retary can remove the restriction as to this class of labor. It would be permitted to come in to meet indus- trial requirements. Another provision of this bill would empower the President, upon recommendation of the Secretaries of Labor and Commeree, to proclaim a total suspension of immigration from certain countries, either to conti- nental or insular parts of the United States, on the ground of unemployment of labor in’stith regions. These and other features undoubtedly will be the subject of a great amount of heated discussion and injected into it will be arguments on behalf of organized labor. Organized labor is strongly urging more re- strictive immigration laws and it is believed it will oppose the provision of the Watson-Moses bill which would authorize the Secretary of Labor to suspend the restrictions under the condition noted. Iron and Steel Imports Falling Off Department of Commerce reports show that in January only 26,675 gross tons of iron and steel prod- ucts entered the United States. Except for last No- HOUOEOSEDUENOAEDEOOEEDEOUNOEEOVONEEDOREREEIOET COHUHOLONRHOE LOST ODAHONRDENEH ENED ONNECHUEHOEONOOEONEFHNEGFOODY ennui Imports of Iron and Steel in Gross Tons (Monthly Averages) Manganese Total Pig Ferro- Ore and Imports Tron alloys Oxide* 1909 to 1913, incl.....: 26,505 +14,132 re ees 1914 to 1918, incl..... 23,351 4,645 $3,281 $47,155 1919 to 1921, incl..... 23,901 5,708 3,710 37,115 SE, see biteots eos bce 59,545 31,954 9,117 $1,204 sammery,, TH88 oka pha 120,078 83,935 5,120 829 POP 6 dctnes kumar 67,704 35,793 9,234 4,636 DE” sind eco ek waded 106,197 72,344 9,030 12,799 EE othe og ciate ah iets 77,903 36,371 7,221 14,071 BS LEG IN fc5 ew veeeds 75,885 39,764 10,482 12,734 PE 2 dures coca bale aeel 68,019 30,033 12,794 36,138 Six months’ average... 85,964 49,706 8,980 13,535 NE aie ok a alanld or ee Ga 53,464 19,760 12,381 23,824 ROE osuceddi tees ee 14,564 7,334 23,026 nwa ..» 86,611 8,353 9,744 $5,175 29,882 9,349 9,372 16,842 September October . November ......... | 26,364 9,299 5,073 14,790 | are ee 27,009 12,355 2,307 12,003 Twelve months’ average 61,217 30,652 8,343 17,171 Janwmary, 1934 -.. 6600 26,675 10,587 3,033 23,081 . *Not included in “total imports.” tIncludes ferroalloys. tAverage for three years, 1916 to 1918 only. vennvnsnagens vee TI vember, with 26,364 tons, this is the lowest figure in twenty months, May, 1922, having shown 23,093 tons. The January total is less than one-half the 61,217-ton average month of 1928 or the 59,545-ton average of 1922. It is, however, substantially higher than the average month of the 13-year period from 1909 to 1921 inclusive. The suit of the United States vs. the Nashville In- dustrial Corporation in which the government sought to set aside the contract of sale of the Old ee Powder Plant at Old Hickory, Tenn,, on allegations : fraud, was dismissed by a decree entered in the ao eral Court at Nashville, Feb. 23. Admission was m4 . by the Government that no fraud had been oe , by the Nashville Industrial Corporation. The in = trialization of Old Hickory is now reported well un - way with many buildings suitable for immediate o¢ pancy. Plans for Industrial Mobilization United States Government Proposes to Profit by Experience of World War—Effort to Be Made to Prevent Profiteering and Other Abuses BY L. W. MOFFETT WASHINGTON, March 3.—Almost fatally unprepared when it entered the World War, the United States is seeking to profit from this bitter experience and has adopted an extensive and scientific plan of industrial mobilization. There are yet details to be worked out, but the general scheme has been completed. It has reached a point where Washington may figuratively press a button and send to every mine and manufactur- ing plant of the country the word and immediately con- vert them and their personnel into a vast war machine. No less an authority than Gen. John J. Pershing, in a recent review of “Industrial America in the World War,” by Grosvenor B. Clarkson, has declared that de- lays in reaching quantity industrial production incident “to our condition of unpreparedness were almost fatal to the cause.” Whatever it may have failed to comprehend and to learn from the war experience, Congress at least partly grasped the lesson of industrial preparedness and in the National Defense act of 1920 made the Assistant Sec- retary of War responsible for planning industrial mo- bilization. With this legislative framework set up, the War Department has mapped out detailed plans and become associated with every industry of the country either directly or indirectly. The tremendous impor- tance of the iron and steel and cognate industries to industrial mobilization is so obvious that it does not call for comment. The plans for using these and other industries, which embrace the entire producing fabric of the country, provide much interest and value. As pointed out by Assistant Secretary of War Dwight F. Davis, the first step in planning is to deter- mine how many men will be used in the Army and the rate at which they will be taken from industry. The General Staff supplies the man-power program. In or- der to be on the safe side, a major emergency is as- sumed somewhat similar in scope to the World War. The War and Navy Departments are cooperating so that the plan will be adopted as one. Schedule of Requirements Based upon the General Staff program, the seven procuring services of the War Department have made SHUTYDENUUTEL TEA TUO TCAD EET ENY PHENO PEN ELEY EET PE TENET POPPPPPPDORREDOAERO SETH EPPNIPNO DEAN nI NTT HPPPOPIVYNTET HPPPPENT LPN NEN UeN EE peeeeerervn inerrant up a schedule of requirements, which constitutes a bill of materials. Requirements are the initial equipment of troops, plus the estimated consumption, less the re- serve stocks on hand. They must be figured for some 700,000 items, and on this task 50 officers were engaged about a year. In order that industry may plan a corre- sponding schedule of production, requirements are fig- ured month by month for the first two years of the war. Computing primary requirements is strictly a War De- partment job. The next step is to divide these require- ments among individual manufacturers in such a way that every item in the entire schedule will be obtained when needed, without asking of any single plant more than it can do. This task is well under way. It means a survey of the production capacity of some 10,000 plants. Contact with so many manufacturers can be obtained only by decentralizing the work. Accordingly, the United States has been divided into 14 procurement dis- tricts, with headquarters at such industrial centers as Pittsburgh, Boston, New York, Chicago and San Fran- cisco. In time of war each procuring service of the War Department will be represented in each district. All the services have organized their procurement dis- tricts. At the present time the Ordnance Department has effected the most nearly complete organization. In each district this department has selected some promi- nent business man as chief. Each district chief has as an assistant a regular ordnance officer who gives his full time to the work. The other services are organiz- ing along similar lines. The program covers allocations, specifications, con- tracts, etc., and if another war comes the War Depart- ment can send out several thousand telegrams and every manufacturer who is to have a war order can go to his safe, take out his production schedule, plans and specifications, and a copy of his contract, and, as Assis- tant Secretary Davis puts it, “sign his name on the dotted line and begin work.” In Touch with Mr. Baruch Assistant Secretary Davis has pointed out that those in charge of the preparedness work have been in per- TDM IPVETT TET ee NNT ENTA TT SAMMUT MAAR Ld PATHS OF PEACE B EST FOR INDUSTRY Col. James L. Walsh at the Meeting of Engineering Societies and the Army Ordnance Association in New York, Feb. 5, Said: 66 HIS meeting here tonight has nothing to do with going to war. What we are interested in is achieving a state of industrial preparedness which will match our unrivalled man-power with adequate munition-power, so that our country will be secure from attack by any power or combination of powers. We are planning for peace—continued peace, and we think we have hit on a logical way to insure it. Not by the mere expression of a pious wish, but by commanding it. And we of industry in working for this end are real- ly working for ourselves, because upon us will fall the heaviest burden if we are again caught unprepared industrially as we were in 1917. A great many people think that our participation in the World War was profitable for indus- try, but I doubt if there is a single corporation in existence today that would not be better off if there had been no war, and if we had been permitted to continue in the paths of peace.” enna eel COUGAR tn 707 iba i a ; ; “4 ‘te : iif ii aa ' ' Ly { j sonal touch with Bernard M. Baruch, who was chair- man of the War Industries Board, and hundreds of other leaders, both civil and military, whose experience in the World War is of value. The officials have made an effort to find out what things should be done and what avoided. As a result of this work, Mr. Davis said, a few things stand out clearly, but there is a great deal et to be ne and help is welcomed. One of the first things, Mr. Davis said, that is being done covers specifications which must be prepared for many thousands of items. Where an article is of com- mercial type, the problem is simple. It is more difficult to prepare specifications for strictly military articles. In war, money is a minor consideration, but when raw materials are scarce and the time is short, the Army must ask for something that can be produced quickly and in quantity. Before military specifications are ap- proved, they must be sent to manufacturers who can express an opinion from the production standpoint. All Army specifications are prepared in accordance with the rules, and under the auspices, of the American Engi- neering Standards Committee. Where possible, com- mercial standards are closely followed. Power is an important element in war production. AA 000 ———_—__—_——_—_—__— TOR THE IRON AGE March 6 to make careful and detailed study of each criti eral and the department now has some of the which promise to be as constructive a piece of for national defense as has been accomplished si; Armistice. The question of getting raw materia]sj: upon experience of the World War and condition: ating at that time. Also the matter of raw materia): called to the attention of Congress during the sion of the existing tariff law and the possib}; upon domestic resources of certain tariff schedule< War Department merely stated the case to Cong without recommendations, the object in view be call attention to the fact that certain raw materia such as manganese ore, are practically exhausted this country and that it would perhaps be a wise ; to arrange the tariff so as to encourage imports rath than encourage domestic production. Emergency Reserves The necessity of emergency reserves also is a matter. It has been pointed out that the reserve of munition not regularly manufactured in peace sh be sufficient to supply the mobilized fighting forces such time as industry can get into production in neces- 9000 ‘3000 A J 2 4 KEY IO] fcaicsic RONAN 4 “uUsAD IPA -1919 CENS o 80 ~WVWwvVYV A ~_ _ 4 All LOAD T.4.)D ,; 000 Contracts of lotal Production of All i. LOrTITACTS O , ts ) Comparison of War 7000 |_| Fj Cee ee Varutactures (Abnormal Year) anus omparison P a, 4 Y VG YUYAO OF Only i ~ 1000 ”~ Load and Value = ra ‘ lA rPrRMCTIC e —_—e H Y 17 *? CENSUS o All Manufactures ak f / én — 2 ~~ a: H ofa roduction of Al} " 6000 “Oo in Years 1914 QO 4 4 NE TS ea y y B MidMuTaCTUres (No rai fear) nn 1919, for the Four- > a -y4Y A 5000 ° teen Leading In J 4 4 4 > in Yj Y ‘A A c j rial Stat r vA : ac « o Annn___44 4 4 oe o dustria States = VV Sy y Z 4) H 74000 = (Only contracts — Y 4 Y\ 4 ] = = f y Y Y 4 y A a $100,000 and ove 3000 444 A WY 4 on YVUUY rt H 9 4 Y a A F 000 included in the war h | ¥ 4 4 ¥ | Ann 4 NE y Z 3 Y load). TNA NENA oh oot +2000 — oT MA SOOT ta | fea mes | There exists the problem as to whether the power in any locality will be adequate for the war manufacturing needs of that particular locality. A continuous power survey is being made by the officers of the Corps of Engineers in the river and harbor districts throughout the country. All of the technical information and ad- vice is furnished by the personnel of the local power companies. Mr. Davis declared that if the proposed superpower plans are carried out, the national defense problem will be largely solved. Pledge of Iron and Steel Institute Declaring that other organizations, including trade associations, are studying their particular tasks, Mr. Davis said that the American Iron and Steel Institute, through its president, Chairman Elbert H. Gary of the United States Steel Corporation, has assured the Gov- ernment of its full cooperation. Assistance will be ob- tained not only in problems of best use of peace-time products, but also concerning increased production of special kinds of steel. The Ordnance Department is in close touch with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Society of Automotive Engineers, and will get valuable help from them. The question of raw materials is another problem being studied. The United States is better supplied with raw materials than any other nation, Mr. Davis explained, but there are certain items in which this country is deficient and the deficiency is a serious prob- lem. Some of the more important strategic materials are minerals, and as a result the War Department sought the aid of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. Committees were appointed p hhtdvar LL. OHIO MASS. N.J. MICH. IND. WIS. MO. CONN. MD. TENN. DEL sary quantities. In this connection, and as an example, the United States reserves of small arms ammunition and artillery ammunition, Army officers state, will soon decrease by deterioration and expenditures for training to that point where, unless the Government begins 4 program of annual replacement, they will not suffice to supply the troops until plants can get production started. Maj.-Gen. Clarence C. Williams, Chief of Ordnance, stated that the possible rate of mobilization will always be determined by the state of reserves and that from this point of view the next major war will be won 0! lost on the sufficiency of munition reserves. The Ora- nance Department has reported that the most critica item for it will soon be small arms and artillery ammu- nition. The War Department is of the opinion that is unlikely that Congress will ever consent to appro priate in time of peace sufficient money to maintain war reserve which military men would like to have " order to insure a more rapid mobilization. Because this, the department takes the position that there seems to be but one thing to do in‘ connection with the ord- nance problem, and that is to get sufficient appropria: tions to keep the art of manufacture alive. This involve placing annually “educational” orders with lected facilities, furnishing manufacturers with necessary jigs, dies, gages, etc., to encourage them experiment under the flexible form of contract W? will insure them against loss. Taking up the matter of the cost of the supply gram, Assistant Secretary Davis said that the War ! - partment is giving most careful attention to the oy and means whereby profiteering may be controle time of war. He declared that the principle that } Wil se- De- the tne March 6, 1924 en at home shall not profiteer while their fellows are taking their lives and their health for their country is fundamental as a proposition of common justice. Such policy was affirmed in the nation-wide referendum by e Chamber of Commerce of the United States during e World War, and Mr. Davis said that the principle iy be regarded as a fixed national policy for the future. With this end in view, contract forms have been repared. Forms for Wartime Use The Board to Standardize War Contracts, consisting if one representative from each supply bureau of the War Department, has drafted three forms for wartime ise, including the increased price contract for construc- tion supplies, the cost contract for construction, and he cost contract for supplies. These are in addition o the procurement and requisition order forms and cost accounting regulations. The principal feature of the contract forms is the incorporation of provisions which are intended to insure fair treatment of the con- tractor while making it a matter of self-interest on his part to conserve the expenditure of public funds. They ikewise are held to protect the interests of the United States and assure expeditious performance. In placing war orders, there has been provided a single form of contract on which anything can be pur- chased for the War Department from pins to railroad locomotives, or anything manufactured, from shoes to railroad artillery. It has been designated “a fixed-price contract.” By this it is meant that it is intended for use where prices can be accurately determined and agreed upon in advance of signing the contract. The other contract forms are of a flexible nature and will be necessary in the case of those things for which no ex- perience exists to guide business men. Special atten- tion has been given to the selection of properly qualified personnel of particular men for the inspection of prod- ucts to see that they meet specifications accurately. Procurement Planning In order to deal logically with the problems which will rise in the economic phase of procurement plan- ning, the department has considered this subject under six heads: (1) capital; (2) labor; (3) facilities; (4) raw materials; (5) power; (6) transportation. During war the flow of raw materials to the Army as finished prod- ucts in the form of munitions is expedited by such addi- tional means as allocations, priorities, conservation, etc. With regard to capital, it is planned to set up some sort of agency to function as did the War Finance Cor- poration during the World War, for the purpose of as- sisting banks engaged in the production of munitions and also of setting up an organization like the War Credits Board, created by the Secretary of War, and which during the World War made advances of funds to contractors furnishing supplies. Going further, the department has in mind the drafting of capital or “tak- ing the profit out of war.” The War Department claims that there are only four ways by which capital can be drafted. They are as follows, according to Assistant Secretary Davis: “First, take money itself—this would be unneces- sary since the Government already has the means of obtaining dollars by the issuing of bonds. Second, take ver and operate plants. Authority to do this already exists in Section 120 of the National Defense act, but this is very poor policy because it merely adds an addi- tional burden to the Government’s troubles in time of war and would not result in greater efficiency. Putting men in jail and seizing their property do not stimu- late production and that is what we want. Third, control prices. It is possible to do this within certain limits, but price-fixing is a very dangerous thing to undertake because, if prices are fixed at such a figure that indus- try cannot at least break even, they will prefer to sur- render their facilities into the hands of the Government to operate. Fourth, take away excess profits. This was done during the World War and very successfully.” Control of Labor a The question of the control of labor is recognized as being a delicate one, and one which goes to the root of THE IRON AGE 709 our modern industrial life. It is the fear of rise in price of commodities that starts labor troubles just as it starts trouble with capital. It has been pointed out that there is an inevitable rise in prices in time of war caused by inflation, increased consumption, reckless buying, increased cost of production on account of scarcity of raw material and unskilled labor, high freight and insurance rates, increased taxation, hoard- ing of supplies and profiteering. So that everything possible might be done to prevent rise in prices, and hence unrest in labor and increased cost of production, Assistant Secretary Davis has approved the draft of a law designed to correct some of these matters and which has been adopted by the American Legion. The measure has been introduced in Congress by Representative Johnson, of South Dakota, and provides that in case of war the President would be authorized to exercise control over material resources of the country through agencies then existing, or which he may create. He also would be authorized to take such steps as may be necessary “to stabilize prices of services and com- modities required by the Government or by the civilian population.” Assistant Secretary Davis declared that he knew of no legislation which would be so beneficial in controlling economic conditions as this program, but it is broad and therefore he doubts whether Congress would consent to vest such powers in the Chief Execu- tive. Mr. Davis said that it is vital that machinery be set up promptly at the outbreak of war for adjusting labor disputes, with power to write real decisions. This was not finally accomplished during the World War until a year after the declaration of war, when the Na- tional War Labor Board was created. To Avoid Congestion It is also necessary, Mr. Davis said, that machinery be created for the purpose of insuring a proper distri- bution of labor, diverting it from non-essential to essen- tial, and avoiding congestion as well as under-supply. This was done after August, 1918, by making use of the United States Employment Service. Taking up the question of facilities, the industrial plans are built upon experience of the War Industries Board and include the work of the Conservation Division for the elimination of waste, so far as possible, stand- ardization, requiring the use of wood containers instead of tin by substituting materials which were plentiful for those which were scarce, as for example, zine for steel and other needed metals. The plan also goes ex- tensively into the question of conversion of plants to a wartime basis. In connection with the allocation of facilities, the plans take into account the critical industrial area of the United States. It is shown that 15 States during the World War produced more than 93 per cent of the total war program in money value. Of these States, eight lie northeast of the line drawn from Baltimore to Erie, Pa. The logic of necessity is forcing to the front the industrial capacity of the Mississippi Basin because the Northeast section of the United States is reaching the saturation point. Other factors to be considered in aliocating facilities provide for distribution of the war load as evenly as possible and allocations as near raw materials as pos- sible, and the avoidance of creating new facilities unless existing requirements are inadequate. The War Department, of course, has given careful study to the all-important question of transportation. [It is in touch with the Association of Railway Execu- tives and in conjunction with the executives is prepar- ing plans for transportation in time of war. Vivid rec- ollection exists that during the World War the trans- portation situation was one prominent factor which limited industrial production. The Columbia Steel Corporation, San Francisco, operating a plant at Puiitsburg, Cal., and the Llewel- lyn Iron Works, Torrance, near Los Angeles, is dis- posing of a bond issue of $1,000,000, a portion of the proceeds to be used for proposed extensions in properties, with equipment additions. W. E. Creed is president. ee Oe ee ae Ee Re ee + pwr . * NRC eae = - $a + ¥ ae oats -— oa tow S Sons ‘ male attra anne . a lees hnicenltll, analitpin. 3 hill let on * ‘ spots Spo mpadageke gemsst> % : + = Quick-Acting Hydraulic Riveter The hydraulic riveter illustrated is a recent addi- tion to the line of the Oilgear Co., Milwaukee, and like the presses and broaching machines of this company, which have been previously described, the features emphasized are that the machine is self-contained, easy to locate anywhere on the shop floor, and may be driven from any constant-speed source of power. The machine is equipped with the company’s type WE constant-pressure pump, with which it is claimed that delay in waiting for pressure to build up is elimi- nated, the pressure being available the instant resist- ance is met. The pump is said to supply oil to the cylinder under steady pressure, free from pulsations and with instantly variable delivery from zero to maxi- mum, its displacement being positive against any resist- ance up to the capacity of the machine. Control is by Hydraulic Riveter With Constant-Pressure Pump means of the foot treadle shown, an arrangement per- mitting the operator to use both hands in placing the work. Setting rivets by the hydraulic method, subjecting each rivet to a quick squeeze, is claimed to be superior in that it permits the hot or cold metal to assume its new shape and make a uniform tight joint without undue stresses or fracture. The stroke is 4 in. and the design allows for placing the work so that the strokes may be limited to just clear the work on the up stroke or return to the ram. The horn shown on the machine illustrated is of special design to accom- modate an indexing fixture. Removable horns of any design may be used. Two standard sizes of the riveter, 10 and 20-ton respectively, are available. New High-Production Cutting Material A high-production cutting metal known as Jolite, the base of which is high-speed steel, has been placed on the market by the Jolite Tool Co., Milwaukee. The principal property of the material is said to be the “red hard” cutting edge provided, the cold cutting edge hold- ing up well until the necessary “red hardness” is reached. The process of manufacture of the metal is claimed to be one that can be duplicated with precision, a uni- form product resulting. The process hardens the steel throughout, and further treatment by the user is not THE IRON AGE March 6. 1924 only unnecessary, but retreating is said to nullify the process. Among advantages claimed for the metal are its strength and ability to maintain a keener cutting edge. The latter characteristic is pointed to as reducing a power necessary to drive the tool, and the additiona) strength provided permits of greater feeds and lesser speeds. The tool’s resistance to wear is emphasized as aiding in holding the work to size. Formed cutters, in- cluding spiral hobs, of this material are said to give up. usual results, and inserted tooth cutters are claimed to stand up to work on hard castings with a rake of 19 to 15 deg. Tire Boring Machine of British Design The accompanying illustration shows a machine re- cently built in Great Britain for the purpose of boring and recessing locomotive and car wheel tires varying from 36 in. to 84 in. in diameter. The machine shown is driven by a variable speed motor, which has a 3 to 1 range and is mounted on a base plate attached to a/planed face on the body. The actual drive, which is through an oil-cased worm and worm wheel, is finally transmitted to the internal spur wheel on the revolving table marked f. The body a of the machine is circular and is cast with several stiffening ribs. The annular surface ¢ is turned and has a center pivot d for the reception of the revolving table e, of which the internal spur wheel f forms a part. The table e carries the tire g. The upper center part of the body h is machined to take the two compound slide rests 7 and j’, these occupying the space inside the tire. The table e revolves on the cir- cular flat face of c, being kept central by pivot d, ad- justable pads being provided to take up any wear. The tire is held in position by dogs l, the design of which is shown in the sketch at the upper right of the illustra- tion. The tool slides have variable self-acting horizontal and vertical traverses with hand adjustment in both directions, and the rate of feed may be varied while the machine is running. The automatic feed motion pro- Machine for Boring and Recessing 36 In. to 84 In. Tires vides for five changes of feed in both directions, this being effected by means of disks and a ratchet wheel. Two sets of gang cutters are employed normally with three tools each so arranged that the finishing tools follow in the path of the roughing tools for bor- ing, cutting the recess and finishing the groove. This applies to the machining of tires fitted with “Mansell” rings. In the case of those fitted with “Gibson” - there are only five tools, that is two finish boring tools for the two internal diameters, a tool for cutting the side groove in one box, a rough boring tool for the in- ternal diameter and a tool for cutting out and finishing the bottom groove in the other one. As stated, the drive is through worm and worm wheel. These revolve in an oil tank in the base of the machine. The shaft of the worm is vertical and it ries at its upper end the spur wheel which engages W’ wheel f, The worm shaft is fitted with oiling rings 00 has a ball thrust bearing. Oil is pumped from the tan to the slides and pivot. The machine was built by Craven Brothers, hall Works, Reddish, Manchester, England. Vaux- March 6, 1924 Automatic Screw Machine The automatic screw machine illustrated, known as Index-O and manufactured by Hahn & Kolb, Stuttgart, Germany, has been placed on the American market by Arva Stroud, New York. The machine is intended for the production of head screws, studs, headless setscrews and similar parts. The capacity is for brass and iron up to % in. in diameter and mild steel rod up to 5/16 in. The maximum feeding length is 1 in. Additional tool equipment, permitting of extending this range, is available. The work spindle is located at the top of the ma- chine at the left-hand and the screw-cutting spindle at the right-hand. The drive of the machine is from Automatic Screw Machine of German Design. The capacity for brass and iron is up to % in. and for mild steel rod up to #; in. The maximum feeding length is 1 in. the line shaft, or from a motor mounted on the legs, to a tight and loose pulley on a shaft at the rear of the machine, which runs in ball bearings at constant speed. From this shaft power is transmitted by be