The Iron Age 1923-11-01: Vol 112 Iss 18

THE IRON AGE New York, November |, ESTABLISHED 1855 1923 VOL. 112, No. 18 Institute Pledged to Country's Cause President Gary Rededicates the Industry to Patriotie Policy Semi-Annual Meeting Notable for Unusual Features, Including Visit to Aberdeen Proving Ground—Earl of Birkenhead Speaks on War and Peace—History of Establishing and Abolishing the Long Day in Iron Industry Related HE American Iron and Steel Institute, since it was organized in 1908, has had numerous meet- ings important not only to the members of the institute but to the country and to the world, in- cluding those never-to-be-forgotten sessions during the war and those of post bellum days at which Foch, Pershing and other great leaders were guests HUNAHEUONOCUAHOCONGUHOHEOLENCECONUO EA tGcetenceneoreNeaneN pue affairs of every man oman every line of business should be so con- ducted, continuously, consistently and persistently, that there could be no just cause for reproach.—From President Gary’s address. ‘COUN Laarepemenennnnsnanenneneceneninnsninl ODUUNONEDENNEAAUNSSOOOEEDEA NORCO UARSOOALS rLenAenHNECDUANEnOON sousscuodeceoaCopiae enone gs toes of honor. The twenty-fourth semi-annual meeting last week in New York takes high rank among the others in the history of the institute, not only on account of the business sessions of Thursday and the banquet in the evening at which the dis- tinguished Earl of Birkenhead was the principal speaker, but also because the memorial services to *. Henry Marion Howe and the visit of 275 mem- bers to the Aberdeen Proving Ground on Friday created an atmosphere of unusual spiritual and patriotic inspiration. After the two sessions Thursday at the Hotel Commodore, memorial services were held at five o'clock at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine at which Prof. Michael Pupin, Professor of Electrical Mechanics, Columbia University, delivered the ad- dress. Part of the very dignified services was the singing by the boys’ choir and the audience of the Battle Hymn of the Republic, written by Dr. Howe’s mother, Julia Ward Howe. ODr. Pupin’s address will be found in full elsewhere in this issue of THE IRON AGE. Standing at Aberdeen in the open air, sur- rounded by members of the institute and of the Army Ordnance Association, President Gary solemnly rededicated the great industry which he represented to the service of the country and at the same time expressed the fervent hope that its serv- ices would not be needed in another war. After the luncheon served at midday, visitors and members of the Ordnance Association assembled in front of the service building and a brief meet- ing was held. President Crowell of the association presided and introduced as first speaker, President Gary, who began by graciously expressing apprecia- tion of the members of the institute for the invita- tion to visit the proving ground and for the splendid program which was being carried out. “The Army,” said Judge Gary, “recognizes the importance of manufacturers of iron and steel in time of war and peace, for if the Army is to be efficient, the industries are likewise important in time of peace to help in developing means of mili- tary defense if and when it becomes necessary. A competent military force is the first essential for the protection and preservation of our great coun- try, and the iron and steel industry is ever ready to do its part in strengthening that military force. The Army is and should be always opposed to war, but always ready to fight if it becomes necessary. The soldiers most competent to fight are those who are strongest in maintaining peace but ready to do COCCI HERSE REN EN EEL ROE CUNROREERERNEENE MORE on nit more ae amend public will give attention to our steward- ship. We should not resent nor disre- gard honest or deserved criticism. Even though sometimes, through lack of in- formation or because of vicious motives, there may be unjust criticism, if it is based on a fragment of truth there should be no objection on our part.— From President Gary’s address. ONNNY SUPEDLOEDDGABEEO ORDO DARL DERAALSLE TL SeNLERNRD OLAS TIAUN; /ETPTTEEDODEDEONEDEREREONSTSUOORRL PRADA TSUTES DIDOLEWALEDUORDOOTED 1 1RBAREDUETEON. :OTLEITO( eannENOET on BRENT: (cote /o0eT Cenc enEmD their full duty when the call of their country comes. “It is not becoming of me,” added Judge Gary, “to say much about what we of the iron and steel industry did during the great war. But I may say that from the time the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy asked us to mobilize the in- dustry in the cause of our country until the last gun was fired, we never failed in doing our utmost and we now renew our pledge of allegiance and our promise to serve our country whenever the call may come. At such a time, we shall be proud to follow 1163 o™ . # 1164 THE IRON AGE the lead of such soldiers as we see here today, such gentlemen of high character. I can promise that you can depend upon members of the American Iron and Steel Institute.” Charles M. Schwab spoke briefly, referring par- ticularly to the patriotism of the iron and steel plants, and in conclusion Major-General C. C. Wil- liams, Chief of Ordnance, thanked the members of the institute for their visit and for their promise of support of the Government. The Institute Papers The papers were of the usual high order. At the conclusion of his address, President Gary made an appeal to the members not to leave the room. He urged them to stay and hear the papers which he said had been prepared with great care by able men The Price of Unpreparedness Before introducing Judge Gary at the meeting at Aberdeen, Bene- dict Crowell, president of the Army Ordnance Association, read the following statement: “The Central Powers mobilized 22,850,000 men and inflicted 22,090,000 casualties on the troops of the Allied Powers; “The Allied and Associated Powers mobilized 42,189,444 men and inflicted 15,405,000 casualties on the Central Unpreparedness! “It is for us to take action so that the again be without reasonable preparedness. “This is the sole aim of the Army Ordnance Association, and we invite you to assist in the patriotic work.” and were worthy of attention. While he realized that in the past there had been some excuse for members not remaining throughout the sessions ow- ing to the difficulty of hearing some of the authors who read papers, this condition no longer obtained on account of the amplifiers having been installed. As a result of Judge Gary’s request, the attend- ance in the morning was unusually large, but the attendance at the afternoon session was about the Same as in past years. A paper by Col. T. C. Dickson, commanding officer Watertown Arsenal, on “X-Ray Examination of Metals,” attracted much favorable comment, especially on account of the very pleasing way in which the subject was pre- sented. Colonel Dickson spoke extemporaneously and used many lantern slides. His address will be given more fully later. Chang Yu Wang, the author of a paper on “The Economics of the Iron Industry in China,” was unable to be present, but his paper was read. It contains some original suggestions in regard to methods of figuring prices of ore. Banquet Address of Earl of Birkenhead The banquet on Thursday evening was attended by 1290 members and their guests. President Gary presided and gave at some length an account of the long and eminent career of the Earl of Birkenhead, formerly Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. The earl is a man of great frankness and force of character and his address was listened to with the keenest interest and frequently applauded. Speak- ing as one who occupied a highly important position as minister in the English Government during the World War, and was thoroughly familiar with all United States will never November 1, 1922 of the inside history of that great conflict, hy viewed the war, the Peace Conference and pres conditions in a highly interesting and enlighten manner. In beginning, he paid a tribute to \ Schwab, who sat at his side, saying that he kn: how much in a financial way Mr. Schwab wo have benefited by accepting an offer to make supplies for enemies of the Allies, but that he ch to devote all his energies to helping the caus those who were fighting Germany. Lord Birk head then spoke of the attitude of the United Stat saying he had no complaint to make because t} country had not entered into the war at an earli: date, as he realized that it was best for the count not to become engaged in the war until its actio: was an expression of “the whole national mind.” He believed that it would have been a tremendow Powers—The Price of . error had the United States become a belligerent before the country was united and enthusiastic in the cause. Lord Birkenhead said that he did not conside) it profitable to debate the question, “Who won the war?” The French, the Italians, the Belgians, even the New Zealanders, might make a very good argu- ment to show that they won the war, but he did not hesitate to say that the adhesion of the United States to the cause of the Allies at the critical time destroyed the morale of the German nation, includ- ing not only the soldiers but the officers of the German Government. “This,” he said, “was because when your men began to come over, the Germans slowly came to realize that your infinite resources had become available for their enemies. They saw that when the soldiers of the United States came in millions, there would be, if necessary, more millions and then more millions and still more millions to take the places of those who fell fighting. They saw that to continue the war was hopeless.” The earl discussed the debt problem and referred briefly to the League of Nations and the Inter- national World Court, saying that he was not an idealist and doubted whether the court or league could effect the results hoped for by their advocates. Lord Birkenhead spoke at some length of the Peace Conference and said that he appreciated the position of the United States in not ratifying the treaty, as he believed that such a course would not be in harmony with the traditions of the country. He said: “England reluctantly adopted the proposi- tions made by the great executive of your country because to infer that the principles which he advo- November 1, 1923 cated were not those of the country would have been to insult your President.” In conclusion the speaker made an eloquent ap- peal for united action of English-speaking nations, saying that in such action lies the hope of the future of civilization. Hussein Alai, the Minister of Persia to the United States, spoke at great length in regard to THE IRON AGE 1165 his country and its relation to the United States, making an appeal for American technical and finan- cial assistance for Persia in its efforts to rehabili- tate itself. In accordance with a time honored custom, Mr. Schwab was the last speaker. With some new stories and his old earnestness, he closed the pro- gram of the evening. The Visit to Aberdeen Proving Ground Greatest Gun in United States Fires Shell Many Miles—Bombs Dropped from Airplanes—Demonstration of Tanks and Tractors HE visit of the members of the American Iron and Steel Institute to the Aberdeen Proving Ground, about 26 miles from Baltimore, was made upon invita- tion of the Army Ordnance Association, the trip being by special train after the banquet Thursday night. The visitors were entertained at the service build- ing where three meals were served, and every detail of the elaborate program was carefully planned and skilfully carried out under the auspices of the associa- tion with direct supervision of Col. W. H. Tschap- patt, commanding officer. The grounds are very large, being approximately 16 miles long and four miles wide, and it was necessary to go from one part to another by train and in automobiles. The site was selected in 1917 and its achievements in 1918 were of very great value. The first shot was fired Jan. 2., 1918, and ac- tivities were at their height when the armistice was declared on the following Nov. 11. The members of the institute first witnessed the firing of one round of the 16-in. gun, the largest in the United States. It has a range of 28 miles. After hearing its mighty roar and inspecting its marvellous electrical equipment, the members inspected a 14-in. gun, the latest development in “railroad artillery,” and also the largest which is believed practicable to construct. This gun, which weights about 75 tons and has complete electrical as well as hand control, fired one shell. The visitors next had their attention called to the armor plate which had been penetrated by an armor piercing projectile. They then witnessed the firing of the 8-in. howitzer, the 3-in. anti-aircraft gun, the dropping of the demolition bombs, the destroying of balloons by aircraft guns and the demonstration of movements of tanks and tractors. An historical exhibit of field pieces which had been used in the United States Army from the time of the flintlock of 1776 down to the World War was inspected with keen interest. The exhibit was assembled from different parts of the United States by Captain L. M. Bricker, after much study of the history of guns. Late in the afternoon came the demonstration by the battery of the Sixth Field Artillery, which fired shrapnel at fixed targets and put up a smoke barrage. The visit to the museum was one of the most in- structive features of the day. One feature of this museum consists of machine shops which were mounted for service in the war and actually rendered very im- portant services. Similarly mounted shops are now in use in the Army. The Display of Tanks and Tractors The display of tanks and tractors indicated not only the kind of activity carried on during the war but also the developments which have been recorded since the armistice. The tanks and tractors dashed or lumbered about the big rough field in an amazing way, showing how obstructions which could not possibly be overcome by ordinary automobiles were matters of no importance to these implements of war. An ex- tremely interesting model was the medium tank of 1921, a post-war development by the War Department embodying the ideas on tank design as determined by the war. This medium weight tank has the armor and armament of the large tanks combined with the mobility of the light tanks, in addition to speed greatly increased over that of either of the wartime light or heavy tanks. The maximum thickness of the armor is 1 in. on front and turret, the other armor being % to 4 in. thick. The tank is equipped with a Liberty engine. A radio-directed 6-ton tank which was developed during the war and extensively used was operated with commands from a radio station on “the main front.” A 2'%-ton tractor, model 1908, equipped with a Cadillac touring car engine and having a road speed of 15 miles per hour, attracted much attention as it dashed around among the tractors and tanks of slower movement. Events of the Day at Aberdeen One Round with 16-in. Gun on Barbette Carriage. One Round with 14-in. Gun on Army Railroad Mount, Model 1920. Firings of 8-in. Howitzer, Model 1920, with Split Trail and 155-mm. Gun on Self-propelled Mount, Mark IX. Firings with 3-in. Antiaircraft Gun, Model 1918. Firings at Two Balloons by Aircraft Machine Guns. Dropped Two 600-lb. Demolition Bombs. Small arms and Infantry weapons, including the various aircraft and infantry armament. Certain types of guns and material demonstrated. Many rounds fired at night, bringing down balloons— Searchlights used. Tanks Medium tank, model 1921; medium tank, model 1922: Mark VIII tank with stroboscope; radio-directed 6-ton tank. Tractors Two and a half ton, model 1920, towing 75-mm. gun, model 1897, and limber; 2%-ton tractor, model 1918; 2%-ton tractor, model 1918, with increased cooling system, including coils for cooling crank case oil; 2%-ton tractor, model 1918, with Liberty truck engine; best “30” towing 4.7-in. gun, model 1906; Holt T-35 towing %-ton trailer; Pavesi (Italian) towing 3-ton trailer; Fordson tractor with Hadfield-Penfield adapter towing cargo carts, model 1923; Fordson tractor with standard wheels towing cargo carts, model 1923; 5-ton artillery tractor towing 155-mm. howitzer and limber; ee i py Saat ee ar Le ENE emma cities ' ot emer apes tes ey rare Pe. OEP a a I eae RIE ROT eh ee men eran 4 ee ee ee ee eed PEE AE ae 1164 THE IRON AGE the lead of such soldiers as we see here today, such gentlemen of high character. I can promise that you can depend upon members of the American Iron and Steel Institute.” Charles M. Schwab spoke briefly, referring par- ticularly to the patriotism of the iron and steel plants, and in conclusion Major-General C. C. Wil- liams, Chief of Ordnance, thanked the members of the institute for their visit and for their promise of support of the Government. The Institute Papers The papers were of the usual high order. At the conclusion of his address, President Gary made an appeal to the members not to leave the room. He urged them to stay and hear the papers which he said had been prepared with great care by able men The Price ot Unpreparedness Before introducing Judge Gary at the meeting at Abe rdeen, Bene- dict Crowell, president of the Army Ordnance Association, read the following statement: “The Central Powers mobilized 22,850,000 men and inflicted 22 090,000 casualties on the troops of the Allied Powers; “The Allied and Associated Powers mobilized 42,189,444 men and inflicted 15,405,000 casualties on the Central Powers—The Price of Unpreparedness! “It is for us to take action so that the United States will never again be without reasonable pre paredness. “This is the sole aim of the Army Ordnance Association, and we invite you to assist in the patriotic work.” and were worthy of attention. While he realized that in the past there had been some excuse for members not remaining throughout the sessions ow- ing to the difficulty of hearing some of the authors who read papers, this condition no longer obtained on account of the amplifiers having been installed. As a result of Judge Gary’s request, the attend- ance in the morning was unusually large, but the attendance at the afternoon session was about the same as in past years. A paper by Col. T. C. Dickson, commanding officer Watertown Arsenal, on “X-Ray Examination of Metals,” attracted much favorable comment, especially on account of the very pleasing way in which the subject was pre- sented. Colonel Dickson spoke extemporaneously and used many lantern slides. His address will be given more fully later. Chang Yu Wang, the author of a paper on “The Economics of the Iron Industry in China,’”’ was unable to be present, but his paper was read. It contains some original suggestions in regard to methods of figuring prices of ore. Banquet Address of Earl of Birkenhead The banquet on Thursday evening was attended by 1290 members and their guests. President Gary presided and gave at some length an account of the long and eminent career of the Earl of Birkenhead, formerly Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. The earl is a man of great frankness and force of character and his address was listened to with the keenest interest and frequently applauded. Speak- ing as one who occupied a highly important position as minister in the English Government during the World War, and was thoroughly familiar with all November 1, 1922 of the inside history of that great conflict, he ye. viewed the war, the Peace Conference and present conditions in a highly interesting and enlightening manner. In beginning, he paid a tribute to My. Schwab, who sat at his side, saying that he kney how much in a financial way Mr. Schwab would have benefited by accepting an offer to make wa; supplies for enemies of the Allies, but that he chose to devote all his energies to helping the cause of those who were fighting Germany. Lord Birken- head then spoke of the attitude of the United States, saying he had no complaint to make because this country had not entered into the war at an earlie: date, as he realized that it was best for the count) not to become engaged in the war until its action was an expression of “the whole national mind.” He believed that it would have been a tremendous error had the United States become a belligerent before the country was united and enthusiastic in the cause. Lord Birkenhead said that he did not conside) it profitable to debate the question, ““Who won the war?” The French, the Italians, the Belgians, even the New Zealanders, might make a very good argu- ment to show that they won the war, but he did not hesitate to say that the adhesion of the United States to the cause of the Allies at the critical time destroyed the morale of the German nation, includ- ing not only the soldiers but the officers of the German Government. “This,” he said, “was because when your men began to come over, the Germans slowly came to realize that your infinite resources had become available for their enemies. They saw that when the soldiers of the United States came in millions, there would be, if necessary, more millions and then more millions and still more millions to take the places of those who fell fighting. They saw that to continue the war was hopeless.” The earl discussed the debt problem and referred briefly to the League of Nations and the Inter- national World Court, saying that he was not an idealist and doubted whether the court or league could effect the results hoped for by their advocates. Lord Birkenhead spoke at some length of the Peace Conference and said that he appreciated the position of the United States in not ratifying the treaty, as he believed that such a course would not be in harmony with the traditions of the country. He said: “England reluctantly adopted the propos!- tions made by the great executive of your country because to infer that the principles which he advo- November 1, 1923 cated were not those of the country would have been to insult your President.” In conclusion the speaker made an eloquent ap- peal for united action of English-speaking nations, saying that in such action lies the hope of the future of civilization. Hussein Alai, the Minister of Persia to the United States, spoke at great length in regard to THE IRON AGE 1165 his country and its relation to the United States, making an appeal for American technical and finan- cial assistance for Persia in its efforts to rehabili- tate itself. In accordance with a time honored custom, Mr. Schwab was the last speaker. With some new stories and his old earnestness, he closed the pro- gram of the evening. The Visit to Aberdeen Proving Ground Greatest Gun in United States Fires Shell Many Miles—Bombs Dropped from Airplanes—Demonstration of Tanks and Tractors HE visit of the members of the American Iron and Steel Institute to the Aberdeen Proving Ground, about 26 miles from Baltimore, was made upon invita- tion of the Army Ordnance Association, the trip being by special train after the banquet Thursday night. The visitors were entertained at the service build- ing where three meals were served, and every detail of the elaborate program was carefully planned and skilfully carried out under the auspices of the associa- tion with direct supervision of Col. W. H. Tschap- patt, commanding officer. The grounds are very large, being approximately 16 miles long and four miles wide, and it was necessary to go from one part to another by train and in automobiles. The site was selected in 1917 and its achievements in 1918 were of very great value. The first shot was fired Jan. 2., 1918, and ac- tivities were at their height when the armistice was declared on the following Nov. 11. The members of the institute first witnessed the firing of one round of the 16-in. gun, the largest in the United States. It has a range of 28 miles. After hearing its mighty roar and inspecting its marvellous electrical equipment, the members inspected a 14-in. gun, the latest development in “railroad artillery,” and also the largest which is believed practicable to construct. This gun, which weights about 75 tons and has complete electrical as well as hand control, fired one shell. The visitors next had their attention called to the armor plate which had been penetrated by an armor piercing projectile. They then witnessed the firing of the 8-in. howitzer, the 3-in. anti-aircraft gun, the dropping of the demolition bombs, the destroying of balloons by aircraft guns and the demonstration of movements of tanks and tractors. An historical exhibit of field pieces which had been used in the United States Army from the time of the flintlock of 1776 down to the World War was inspected with keen interest. The exhibit was assembled from different parts of the United States by Captain L. M. Bricker, after much study of the history of guns. Late in the afternoon came the demonstration by the battery of the Sixth Field Artillery, which fired shrapnel at fixed targets and put up a smoke barrage. The visit to the museum was one of the most in- structive features of the day. One feature of this museum consists of machine shops which were mounted for service in the war and actually rendered very im- portant services. Similarly mounted shops are now in use in the Army. The Display of Tanks and Tractors The display of tanks and tractors indicated not only the kind of activity carried on during the war but also the developments which have been recorded since the armistice. The tanks and tractors dashed or lumbered about the big rough field in an amazing way, showing how obstructions which could not possibly be overcome by ordinary automobiles were matters of no importance to these implements of war. An ex- tremely interesting model was the medium tank of 1921, a post-war development by the War Department embodying the ideas on tank design as determined by the war. This medium weight tank has the armor and armament of the large tanks combined with the mobility of the light tanks, in addition to speed greatly increased over that of either of the wartime light or heavy tanks. The maximum thickness of the armor is 1 in. on front and turret, the other armor being % to 4 in. thick. The tank is equipped with a Liberty engine. A radio-directed 6-ton tank which was developed during the war and extensively used was operated with commands from a radio station on “the main front.” A 2%-ton tractor, model 1908, equipped with a Cadillac touring car engine and having a road speed of 15 miles per hour, attracted much attention as it dashed around among the tractors and tanks of slower movement. Events of the Day at Aberdeen One Round with 16-in. Gun on Barbette Carriage. One Round with 14-in. Gun on Army Railroad Mount, Model 1920. Firings of 8-in. Howitzer, Model 1920, with Split Trail and 155-mm. Gun on Self-propelled Mount, Mark IX. Firings with 3-in. Antiaircraft Gun, Model 1918. Firings at Two Balloons by Aircraft Machine Guns. Dropped Two 600-lb. Demolition Bombs. Small arms and Infantry weapons, incltding the various aircraft and infantry armament. Certain types of guns and material demonstrated. Many rounds fired at night, bringing down balloons— Searchlights used. Tanks Medium tank, model 1921; medium tank, model 1922: Mark VIII tank with stroboscope; radio-directed 6-ton tank. Tractors Two and a half ton, model 1920, towing 75-mm. gun, model 1897, and limber; 2%-ton tractor, model 1918; 2%-ton tractor, model 1918, with increased cooling system, including coils for cooling crank case oil; 2%-ton tractor, model 1918, with Liberty truck engine; best “30” towing 4.7-in. gun, model 1906; Holt T-35 towing %-ton trailer; Pavesi (Italian) towing 3-ton trailer; Fordson tractor with Hadfield-Penfield adapter towing cargo carts, model 1923; Fordson tractor with standard wheels towing cargo carts, model 1923; 5-ton artillery tractor towing 155-mm. howitzer and limber; vw a - ee eee rs See ee a ~ 7 : 1166 10-ton artillery tractor towing 155 mm. G. P. F.; Topp- Stewart tractor towing 3-ton convertible wheel and track-laying trailer. Motor Carriages Seventy-five-mm. gun motor carriage; 155-mm. gun motor carriage, model 1921; 155-mm. gun motor car- riage, model 1920 (Christie); motor carriage, Mark THE IRON AGE November 1, 1923 III, for 240-mm. howitzer; 240-mm. howitzer motor car- riage (St. Chamond), Mark IV and IVA. Cross-Country Trucks Six-wheeled Militor truck (with Chase type track) ; Dodge truck with Chase track; Nash with caterpillar adapters; Mark VII tractor caisson; roadless Mack truck; Christie Mack truck; cargo cart, model 1923. Mobilizing Industries in Preparedness Program Army Ordnance Association Meeting—Assistant Secretary of War Davis Tells of Plans for Allocating Plants Throughout the Country BUSINESS meeting of the Army OrdnanceAssocia- tion was held in the Administration Building at five o’clock, presided over by its president, Benedict Crowell, formerly Assistant Secretary of War. The objects of the association were explained and a num- ber of new members were added to the roll. Finally, as last number on the program, came the night firing on the main front. Many balloons were sent up, located by searchlights and promptly brought to earth, thrilling the spectators and bringing forth many outbursts of applause. Assistant Secretary of War Dwight Davis stated that an Army and Navy Board is in existence for allocating plants as between the Army and Navy and that his office has allocated some 3000 industrial plants to particular supply branches which, in turn, have allocated them to various districts. This statement was given as one of the many efforts being made in connection with plans for industrial preparedness in which the iron and industry essentially is a dominating element. Proper control records for the purpose of coordinating procurement are being worked out, the assistant secretary said. “But, above all, efficient personnel to carry out the plans is an absolute necessity,” he said. “Each chief of a supply branch and the staff of the assistant secretary will need many men of ability, well trained through either Army schools or industrial experience, or, much better, through both to accomplish the desired objective satisfactorily. The Army is concentrating on a schooling system to train its supply officers in the war plans and in the proposed methods of execut- ing them, but the regular officers can man only a small part of the organization in time of war. Business men, engineers, reserve officers, in fact, just such men as you gentlemen of this institute Riut~,~% will have to do the bulk. I sincerely hope, therefore, that you will keep up your interest in the great problem steel of preparing the country industrially for a maximum war effort because upon its sound solution may depend the saving of billions of dollars, thousands of human lives, and the economic welfare of the entire nation.” The assistant secretary divided the problem of industrial mobilization into three main questions: “What must we procure?” “Where can we procure?” and “How will we procure?” Answering the first question, he said that the seven supply branches into which the Army is divided have practically completed the calculations of the requirements by months, amount- ing to some 23,000 major and 700,000 total items. “If from these we subtract our reserves, we defin- itely define our quantity procurement program and this can be worked out to develop in turn the quantities of steel, copper, nitrates, powder, explosives, etc., re- quired,” said the speaker. The answer to the second question was said to be dependent upon the ability of the country to produce. It was declared that it is the desire of the War De- partment to spread the industrial load throughout the country on the basis of the country’s industrial capabili- ties. With this view in mind, the country has been divided into districts and each chief of a supply branch is endeavoring now to ascertain through his chief of district the ability of that district to help him solve his war problem. The answer to the “How will we procure” was said to involve among many other ques- tions the matter of standardized war contract forms, and the assistant secretary said these are being worked out on the basis of World War experience after con- sultation with hundreds of business men. A _ sound and expeditious scheme for payments, it was asserted, is likewise being studied. Plans also were said to be given study to avoid conflicts between branches of the Army and between departments of the Government as to use of specific plants, and as to priorities in raw materials, power, labor, transportation, etc. President Gary Tells of Abolishing the Long Day Congratulates Institute on the Change—Praises_ President Coolidge—Is Mildly Optimistic as to Business Conditions RESIDENT GARY devoted a large part of his ad- dress to a history of the abolishing of the twelve- hour day in the iron and steel industry. He then made some general observations in regard to business policies and principles, saying that honest or deserved criticism should not be resented or disregarded, but that business should be so conducted that there could be no just cause for reproach. He then touched briefly on the troubled conditions in Europe, referred with much feel- ing to the death of President Harding and spoke in terms of high praise of President Coolidge, quoting from the words of the new President uttered in past years, particularly those relating to the enforcement of the law, to protecting the rights of the weak and to every man doing his part. In opening, Judge Gary said: “Hearty congratulations are extended to the mem- bers of the American Iron and Steel Institute. upon the abolition of the twelve-hour day in the iron and steel industry of the United States of America! Long years ago, before most of the business organizations repre- sented here today were created, the twelve-hour work- ing day became established. To quote the words of Mr. Smith, an intelligent, fair-minded workman connected with the American Sheet & Tin Plate Co., at the annual meeting of the United States Steel Corporation, held in April, 1914: ‘The employer never established the twelve-hour day. Every working man who helped November 1, 1923 to build up the iron business helped to establish it, and the refusal in many cases to grant the twelve-hour day would have been a sufficient cause for a walk-out many a time.’ The hours on duty were long, though the hard work was largely done by machinery, more and more so as improvements were installed; the compensation per day was comparatively large and the workmen, as a rule, insisted upon a continuance of the practice. Because a committee, appointed by the chairman of the Steel Corporation in 1911 and headed by the late Stuy- vesant Fish, recommended elimination of the twelve- hour day at its plants, provided the iron and steel industry generally would do likewise, the corporation actively and persistently took steps to carry into practical effect the recommendation referred to. The records of these efforts are preserved and are clear. ORvenennonennenensseseocscncanenneoetscrenoasancnansssonensoacen outs sees (eaunenenreneceseagsenonecesseneanernege (11/6001) HUNNRAMORG EAU DU AECL CCORLENENODes samMMORE® Tt ruNenORaSeLneaRNNe Pr may be assumed that President Coolidge will be governed by the same motives as those which have actu- ated an honorable and useful life. Con- sequently the prosperity of this country will apparently have cordial, appropri- ate and effective assistance from the na- tional Government, limited only by es- tablished rules and principles and the general welfare of all the people.— From President Gary’s address. Wensnnsenennronneennnesonnecssasenenenrnsscersnnenneseensnee onan tisneti iene igen) viNNECDANNGs MED 1LTRAORAREREDRREOTOYOONDODAERODAUBONCEDOOHADLEOED OU YOROONEROGIOOL JoQsDON ST UsanoLNT Ooo cetD Considerable and increasing, though not satisfactory, success resulted, until the terrible World War was pre- cipitated, when larger and still larger demand for steel to supply war necessities, first for foreign nations and later for our own country, compelled the utilization by manufacturers of every facility available for largest production. In the dark days of military conflict, no one in this country objected to twelve hours’ work per day. The year after the armistice, for the first time, so far as your president recollects, gentlemen claiming to represent workmen demanded with many other things abolition of the twelve-hour day by the steel industry. This demand soon after became a slogan, used largely by gentlemen not in any way directly connected with manufacturing or with manual labor, but many of whom probably were influenced by good motives. The campaign that followed, the sometimes inaccurate representations and unjust accusations that were made, need not be mentioned, nor even remembered by those who suffered from unwarranted attack. We were helpless, for there was legitimately involved the question of propriety and desirability of continuing the twelve-hour day, and we were unwilling to do or say anything which could be construed as a defense of the twelve-hour day, which in our deliberations we had already admitted must be abrogated when and as cir- cumstances should permit. “From the date of the Fish report there has never been a statement by a prominent steel manufacturer in favor of the permanent continuance of the twelve- hour day in the steel industry, nor against its abolition whenever practicable. “Finally came the friendly words from that grand and good man who occupied the highest position in the greatest of all nations, the President of our own be- loved country. They are of record and are worth re- peating: ‘I know I need not tell you that I am utterly without disposition to meddle in affairs which are of no official concern to me. The story comes to me that you are contemplating the discontinuance of the twelve- hour day in the steel plants. I would be perfectly will- ing, if it seems desirable, to lend any consistent assistance in securing the acceptance of the principle in other large establishments. I am only writing to commend and tender any prudent assistance if you THE IRON AGE 1167 really have this plan in mind and you think it desirable to have anything like a concerted effort in the direction of this important change.’ Then followed the dinner at the White House, attended by over 40 representative members of the iron and steel industry. Full report of this meeting was made at the annual meeting of the institute, May 26, 1922. It was then said and published: ‘The President frankly told all of us what was in his mind. He said: “I declare I have no intention of inter- meddling or interrupting and, least of all, of injuring the iron and steel industry. I think there is a well- defined and perhaps a growing sentiment throughout the country against the twelve-hour day and in favor of its abolishment. It seems clear that this cannot be done successfully except by the concerted disposition and action of the industry. I think if we can con- sistently get rid of the twelve-hour day, it ought to be done, and that is as far as I go. If I can be of benefit it would be very agreeable to me.”’ We told the Presi- dent frankly all the facts, our difficulties and our desires. Then the president of the institute, at the White House, and at President Harding’s request, dic- tated a statement of the meeting for publication. “We pledged our cooperation with the President in the effort to eliminate the twelve-hour day in our in- dustry so soon as it should be practicable. “Gentlemen, that pledge has never been violated nor neglected nor its fulfillment unnecessarily postponed. Everyone familiar with all the facts will testify to the good faith and earnest endeavor of the industry. “Now that you have concertedly, with practical unanimity and with most remarkable promptness, relegated to the past a practice you did not inaugurate, but have been willing to recognize as un- desirable, you are entitled to praise for having risen to a great occasion involving, as we believe, no question of morals, but one that became a matter of public interest and concern. “Except for a moderate recession in the volume of our business, which at the psychological moment re- leased a large number of workmen, the change could not have been consummated without further delay. (euavonenennencenaoeecneennnenygggeereennnanersony W E shall probably be censured unduly and subjected to misrepresentation, as we sometimes have been in the past. We may be attacked by those who are vicious and unworthy, those whose mo- tives are selfish or corrupt. In the main, however, it is probable sooner or later we shall receive our just deserts, either because claims against us are justified or because, if not, the public will understand and properly decide.— From President Gary’s address. euenerere renin nvenennanesveene pent: peenaneansaaan “In bringing about this change we have met many obstacles, some very difficult. The full facts are not generally known. It is not necessary nor would it be useful to relate them at this time. We have been striving for the accomplishment of a change in business that would meet the demands of a sentiment, which was not one-sided or uncontroverted, as witnessed by volumes of letters we have received; and we are pleased and satisfied. “The outstanding factor which brought about the necessary concert of action, at the time it was secured, was the good-natured, positive influence of the Presi- dent, who comprehended our difficulties, and, though he hesitated to interfere, strongly urged a change in hours simply because he deemed it a matter of duty. His manner and method convinced everyone. familiar with the facts of his sincerity and friendship. He was strong because he believed he was tight. He made 1168 friends, not enemies. We are glad that we gave heed to his advice and reciprocated his friendship, and that he was aware of this before his untimely and uni- versally lamented departure for a better world.” The Administration and Business In conclusion, President Gary said: “What is the disposition of the President concerning the affairs of the country? This is shown by a state- ment recently made by one occupying a prominent official position as follows: ‘It is very evidently the aim and effort of the Administration to encourage in every way policies in both business and politics which will tend to the elimination of agitation. The very evident desire in all governmental! quarters is to extend the fullest assistance to the constructive forces of the country. The removal of elements of uncertainty and of misgivings, and the stabilization of business condi- tions, are a constant aim, and the feeling among those eu neces roemneten isueen OEnen Te NNATUETENUODEL GANTT D ORs \/HEEEODOE RA UNEE ROHN ENOL TION. / OF veneers Ue NEL TT HUNNU NRE THARBORES EROON Yeti i. will be temporary interrup- tions, recessions, and there will be fluctuations, but the man of business courage, with a reasonably clear vision of the long future, pays little attention to temporary hesitation in business progress. He knows that the current of prosperity in the United States is so strong that even though it may be oc- casionally modified by unnatural or un- reasonable obstructions, this will result in accumulation of volume and force which will soon be overwhelming and stronger than ever’ before.—From President Gary’s address. most familiar with the reflections of the business situation is that substantial progress is being made along these lines.’ “It is also important to know the opinion of the Administration concerning the present trend of busi- ness. This likewise was referred to by the same authority already mentioned, as follows: ‘The impres- sion in Washington seems to be that industry through- out the country is proceeding on a commendably con- servative basis, with avoidance, so far as possible, of unnecessary advances in prices, or avoidable expansions which would engender keen competition for labor. With a continuance of this general attitude, it is felt that business should continue generally good for the re- mainder of this year. While there is reticence about making prophecies for the future, the general opinion seems to be that if this attitude continues there can be reasonable assurance of a projection of generally satis- factory business conditions at least well into next year.’ THE IRON AGE November 1, 1923 It is believed these statements represent the mind of President Coolidge. “From these quotations and observations, the busi- ness men of this country may form an intelligent opinion as to what may be expected from the govern- mental administration concerning matters which at this time are of vital importance. “If the business men will do their part and co- operate with the President and his assistants in con- ducting their affairs in conformity with the high ideals which we believe actuate the President in the perform- ance of his duties as the chief executive, there is no reason to fear there will be a serious financial or commercial disturbance or depression during the next few months. “There are, as always, some hindrances to the natural progress and prosperity in the United States. Those patent tu everyone are the turbulent conditions in other countries, already alluded to; the unreason- ably high and burdensome taxes, national, State and municipal; the high costs of production, in some lines unconscionable; and the high costs of living, measur- ably, though not altogether, brought about by those who complain the most. “But there are many reasons for confidence in the economic future in this country, outside of those which are basic and permanent, including our enormous wealth and immense yearly income, which increases as the years go by. “For the calendar year the iron and steel industry will show considerable profit, though not as much as the capital invested should produce. The new orders are not up to productive capacity, but together with those heretofore accumulated, have resulted in large ship- ments. In some lines the demand for immediate con- sumption has been, and still is, in excess of the ability to supply. “It may be stated with confidence that the outlook is good. Inquiries for iron and steel are unusually large, many of them urgent. Purchases for railroad and general building purposes, for oil development and production, for canning purposes, for the automobile trade and many other lines are now very large as a total and from appearances may be expected to increase materially in volume during the next six months, unless something unforeseen shall be precipitated. “The actual purchasing necessities of our com- modities are very great at present, and there is plenty of money to pay for whatever is needed. It is up to business management in every line to take advantage of the opportunities offered. Let us have faith in the future and do our part, proceeding always with good judgment, prudence and within the limits of our re- sources, but steadily forward toward the goal of the prosperity which we know is ahead and will be greater than ever before.” Professor Pupin’s Tribute to Henry Marion Howe Memorial Services Held at Cathedral of St. John the Divine Attended by Members of Two Institutes and College Professors EMORIAL services to Henry Marion Howe, hon- M orary member of the American Iron and Steel Institute, and eminent metallurgist, were held at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, Thursday afternoon, Oct. 25. The attendance included members of the American Iron and Steel Institute and members of the board of directors of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, of which Dr. Howe was a past president. Others in the congregation were Dean George B. Pegram and the faculty of the school of mines, engineering and chemistry of Columbia University, where, as professor of metallurgy, Dr. Howe won worldwide fame, and also a representation from the engineering faculty of New York University. The service was conducted by the Rev. Henry P. Veazie, precentor of the Cathedral. A special memorial anthem was sung by the full cathedral choir. Dean Howard C. Robbins and other church dignitaries par- ticipated. Michael I. Pupin, noted inventor and professor of electro-mechanics in Columbia, delivered the address, eulogizing Dr. Howe as one whose mental and spiritual attitude “put him in the rank of those great minds and souls which have made history by leading the intellectual and spiritual progress of man from chaos to cosmos.” Professor Pupin said: November 1, 1923 “The ancient and venerable custom of showing rev- erence to the blessed memory of a precious life has more than ordinary significance when that life repre- sents one of the guiding lights in the history of hu- manity. Such a light was the life of Henry Marion Howe. Those who know him by his scientific achieve- ments know that his life is a shining light in the his- tory of science; those who had the good fortune to know him personally always felt that his great scien- tific achievements were the crowning result of splendid efforts of a superior mind guided by the light of a gen- erous heart and a pious soul. What his work means to science is recorded and known to all who treasure that knowledge; it is a record which will not be forgotten as long as the science of metallurgy has any meaning. “But the spiritual influence of the life of Henry Marion Howe is known only to those who had the good fortune to know him personally. I am one of these fortunates, and this memorial service offers me the rare privilege to refer briefly to a phase of that in- fluence which was known to me. Twenty-five years ago I became greatly interested in the magnetic pro