The Iron Age 1923-03-08: Vol 111 Iss 10

————————<— oC lCUc el lr - THE TE YN AGE New York, March 8, 1923 ESTABLISHED 1855 VOL. I11, No. 10 if VE tN Pe ARTE AES 4 Making Castings for Hudson River Tunnel (uantity Production on _ Inter- changeable Basis—Adaptation of Armor Plate Planer for Milling a Feature—Simpli- fied Foundry Operations ad die ae & FULL SIZED SECTION BE HUDSON RIVER VERICULAR TUNNEL DIAMETER —29Fy 6o The HEN the construction of the Hudson River WV vehicular tunnel connecting New Jersey and New York States at New York City was first under discussion, there was considerable wondering on the part of some prospective bidders for the con- tract to make the metal lining, as to where they should find all the large or special tools to machine the segments of which the lining was to be built. It was anticipated that this would require such special machines because of the peculiar nature of the work, or rather the unusual shape of the seg- ments and the size of the contract. Due to the ingenuity of its production depart- ment the Bethlehem Steel Co., which was the suc- cessful bidder, has worked out a comparatively simple method of machining these segments at Bethlehem, Pa, on the so-called quantity production basis Naturally no matter how simple the actual Machining may be, the handling of such a contract requires much supplementary equipment and space, a8 well as special training for the personnel. Chat the reader may have a clear conception of the size of this task, a short description of the tun- hel construction will probably be of interest. here will be two similar tubes, one for west- Size of the Hudson River Vehicular Tunnel May Be Apprehended from a Comparison with the Tube Linings Made at Bethlehem in 1902 for the Hudson & Manhattan Tubes Under the Hudson River A fresh provided under the roadway and the upper space of each tube will be used for exhausting the air duct is alt bound and one for eastbound traffic. In a part of each of these tubes is a section lined with metal. The length of this lining is 6756 ft., or about 2'~ miles for both tubes. Each tube is 29 ft. 6 in. diameter for the greater part of its length with a short section 30 ft. 4 in. for better ventilation on the steepest grade. This metal lining is composed chiefly of gray iron though some parts of it are of cast steel. The segmental rings have a length of 30 in. along the axis of the tunnel and each ring is made up of 15 separate segments. There are approximately 5400 rings in the tunnel, making a total of about 81,000 castings. Of this number 75,600 will weigh about 11% tons each, while the remaining 5400 will weigh about 800 Ib. each. This will make a total weight of over 115,000 tons. The larger number of the rings have parallel faces, or are straight rings used for straight sec- tions of the tunnel. When a change in line or grade is made in the tunnel, rings with faces at a slight angle to each other are used and are known as taper rings. These are made in two sizes in longitudinal dimensions, namely, 14% in. and 2% in. longer on one side over the nominal length of 30 in. An 663 THE IRON Where a Change Occurs in the G: or Where a Curve Is Required, Tay: Rings Are Employed Three Classes of Segments Com; the Ring. There are 12 A segm having both ends radial, 2 B segn with only one end radial and 1 sp: segment, which is inserted betweer OA - aA etetpcns : 2 B segments BE ert Ge ar A aad lle accompanying sketch shows how the use of these in each straight ring, and a complete set segments permits the lining to follow a curve in terns for each segment in each of the two the tunnel. taper rings, the importance of the pattern . In the tunnel excavation the segments of each ring are put in position and bolted together, and the rings likewise bolted together, the joints being staggered. It is evident that some method of clos- ing each ring from the inside must be provided. To accomplish this, one segment is made small, as previously noted in weights, and this key segment is made with non-radial joints. The ends of the two segments adjoining the key segment, known as B segments, have non-radial joints, these forming an opening to permit insertion of the key from the inside of the ring. The other 12 segments of the A Typical Pattern Indicating the Core Work Req ring are called A segments, and have radial joints and the Marking of the Type and Location of Ca and are duplicates of one another. One of the drawings shows how the segments are assembled ment as a link in quantity production is read to make a ring. understood. For the 29 ft. 6 in. section there Considering the use of three different segments required 57 segment and 7 key patterns, wit! -CONVEYOR Section through Conveyor A Reciprocating Conveyor Brings the Sand to a Bucket Elevator and Thence to a Hopper Over the Molding Ma irch 8, 1923 THE IRON AGE Armor mately the same number for the 30 ft. 4 in. yn. A reproduced photograph of a pattern for segment, straight section, gives a general idea e patterns used. The patterns for the cast segments are slightly larger to allow for ter shrinkage in casting, and more finish is ved for machining. The numbering and letter- ecessary to facilitate manufacture, inspection erection of the segments is indicated in the graph. This includes the segment number, eter of tunnel, heat number, trade mark and, e case of taper segments, the size of the taper erection numbers. lolding sand from a large sand bin is fed by conveyor to a bucket elevator, which carries in overhead reservoir above the molding table. te regulates the flow from this reservoir, so flasks are rapidly filled. A sectional drawing sis shown. Jolting by compressed air quickly the sand to the proper density. The flask is ifted and rotated through 180 deg.; a re- g car is run beneath, and the flask deposited The pattern is then drawn, the drag part Plate Planer Has Been Converted by the Application of Two Set at Proper Angles to Machine the Ends of the Se Motor ents in One Pass Individually Driven Milling Heads of the mold is transferred to the finishing floor by means of a crane, and the operation is ready to be repeated. The cope, or upper portion of the flask, is similarly molded on a plain jolt machine, and then transferred by crane to the pouring floor and placed directly on the finished drags. The making and placing of cores is an impor- tant part of finishing the mold. Each segment mold requires two end cores, 12 side cores, four brace cores and one grouting hole core, or a total of 19. These cores must be accurately made and paced, as the segments are designed to be interchangeable. Hot metal from two 84-in. cupolas is taken for pouring the tunnel segments. Each ladle of hot metal will pour three segments. As every ladle is 1 poured, a so-called arbitration test bar, 1'4 in. in The Flask Is Carried on a Spe- cial Car from Which It Is Car- ried by Crane to the Pouring Floor THE IRON AGE a pl x » Do ey hee, = NA ob gels 7 y . : 3 8.. + AO wat Netra - ~ a a a pare me uel ha tien aal te SEG oto «e's, ot atl e ¢ ea eee oe +23 + rb 5 38 a a ..* chick eile eé i eo f Those Rings Which Have to Taper Are Assembled on a Face Plate and Milled on One Side The : é loading is done continuously as the finished segments reach the top position ee gh ee diameter and 15 in. long, is cast vertically. These loaded two high in fixtures on this machine, | ae are later analyzed for phosphorus and sulphur con-_ in position by special round headed bolts a: Pht 3 tent and are also tested for transverse strength and _ in place by four clamping crabs. Two tra g amount of deflection. heads, each equipped with 48-in. cutter head h It will readily be seen that in the interests of inserted roughing and finishing tools, complete the economy the handling and transporting of over _ sides to size in one cut, to a tolerance of plus noth- 80,000 of these heavy castings should be reduced to ing and minus 0.015 in. in a normal width of 30 a minimum. For this reason machines for finish- As the traveling heads move from one en ing the ends and sides of the segments were in-_ the other, the fixtures with machined segments aré stalled in adjacent bays in the foundry itself, there removed and replaced with loaded spare fixtures. being sufficient room in the foundry building to After the heads have completed their trav allow this without interfering with the foundry cutter heads are separated to provide clearanc operations. their return while passing the rough casting After cleaning and chipping, the segments are have taken the place of the machined castings. At segregated as A segments or those with radial _ the end of the return travel of the heads, the cutte. ends, B or those having one end non-radial, key seg- heads are run in to a fixed stop and the cycle is ments, and 1% in. taper and 242 in. taper segments. repeated. A milling machine was designed and built in the On tapered segments, only one side is machined Bethlehem shops for milling two sides of the A and here, the other being machined later in a special B segments simultaneously. The segments are machine after the segments are bolted in a ring : HF Soe yan ref tS: } te Tate ie as a Checking of the Segments is Required to Keep Specifications and to Render Them Interchangeable Sections Composing Two Rings Aré Shipped in Each Car farch 8, 1923 THE IRON AGE 667 From the side milling machine the segments are nsferred by a revolving table to the adjacent bay ere the ends are machined. In machining the ends, the segments are first ded one high in fixtures on a stationary bed. A iveling head, carrying two cutter heads, com- tes the machining of the two ends in one opera- n, and the cycle of operations is performed simi- ly to the side machining described. The cutter ids are adjustable and are set at the correct gle to give radial end joints to the A segments. en machining B segments one cutter head is inged to machine the non-radial end to the cor- angle. Segments for the taper rings used on curves changes of grade have their ends and one side hined as described above. To machine the md side, it was necessary to design a special e to take care of taper segments. [he segments are clamped to the spider in their per order and travel past the cutter head and machined to size. As the ring of segments re- es, the finished segments come to the top, and are unbolted and lifted out, and unfinished seg- TO Freight Car Steel ITTSBURGH, Mar. 5.—A leading maker of freight teel castings here has announced an advance in Name of Casting and W he ordered in quantities : “ \ Division of Weight Center Fillers (See Note 1) Over 25 20 1b 18.1 16.5 1 Over 50 100 Ib 7 Over 100 Ib i ] l 11 10.45 Plates Over 25 50 Ib 1 { (over 0 100 Ib 11.7! io (over 100 Ib 10.2 ; er Carriers (See Note ) ver 10—25 lb 19.6 17.7 } Over 25 lb.. 14.7 Lugs (short) Over 10—25 Ib. ‘ : 18.70 16 2 Over 25 Ib.... or 13.9 12.7 11.60 RNAL BOXES Price will be quoted upor rnal Box Wedges Solid type 5 14.9 Cored type 16.5 Pole Pockets Over 10—25 Ib... ‘ 22.4 20.30 18.2 Over 25 Ib : 16.7 15.30 13.90 ng and Jacking Castings Over 10 25 Ib 18.6 16.70 Over 25 lb ] ; 14.0¢ ie Bearings Over 10—25 Ib 21.50 19.4 17.50 Over 25 lb 16.05 14. 13.30 King Castings (See Note 3) Over 25 50 Ib 17.50 5.90 14.4 Over 50—100 Ib 13 12.25 11.3 Over 100 Ib. 11.65 10.85 10.05 cK Columns Over 25—50 Ib ‘ 18.15 16.55 15.05 Over 50 Ib. — : 13.85 12.75 11.75 ellaneous Castings Under l Ib 5O0e. ea t4c. ea 37c. ea. ] 2 lb 50.00 43.30c 37.00c Over 2 5 Ib . $7.25 32.70 28.80 Over 5 10 Ib.. 26.10 23.25 20.75 Over 10 25 Ib 22.45 20.30 18.25 Over 25 50 Ib... 16.75 15.30 13.90 Over 50 100 Ib.. ; 12.80 11.75 10.85 Over 100 Ib....... . 11.15 10.40 9.70 ments put in their place and bolted. The milling operation is continuous when machining a particu- lar taper. A careful inspection of all segments is neces- sary. The width is gaged at each end and at the center, to a tolerance of 30 in. plus nothing and minus 0.015 in. The side holes and angles of ends are checked by template. The 16 inside bosses for washer seats are tested for parallelism with a plug and collar gage. The brackets are gaged for loca- tion and distance, and the bracket holes are gaged with a pin gage. The segments are then examined for fit of grout plug, size of calking strip, and tarring, and if ap- proved are passed and stamped by commission in- spectors. The finished surfaces are then covered with a coat of white lead and tallow. Shipments are made in rings, although all straight segments must be interchangeable. The taper rings are numbered and it is the intention of the contractors to erect them in rings with the seg- ments of the same numbers as they were machined. Two complete rings, of a total weight of approxi- mately 42 tons, are loaded in each car. Castings Advance prices of 10 per cent The new price list is given in | r ? — - + . tne rollowing le: i § i 144 H0o-L)yver 1 4 een) 10.8 ) ) 9 7.60 , 7 80 7.1 +7 é 8 7.80 2 s.4 ’ 6.4 6.45 g 9 60 6.30 6.05 ‘ Tt 9 & 9.30 : g 30 7.85 7.50 9.90 9.40 8.85 7.90 7.5 7.1 } 1.90 7.50 7.10 { 10 5.41 7.95 6.45 14.8( 12.60 11.90 11.25 10.60 19 ¢ ' , 9 9.45 9.00 8.50 0 ) 10.90 10.35 9.75 l 6&0 ) if 1 » 7 25 7 x0) 15.75 14.20 12.75 12.05 11.40 10.80 10.15 12.15 11.05 10.05 1.90 9.05 8.65 8.20 13.20 12.00 1 5 i0 » 85 9.40 8.90 10.40 9 55 x } { 8.05 7.65 7.30 140 8.75 8.1 7.8 7.50 7.20 6.85 13.75 12.50 11.40 10.80 0 ».75 9.25 10.85 9.95 1 85 8.30 7.95 7.60 33c. ea 29c. ea Z20Cc. @a 2c. @a 22c. ea. 21¢. ea. 19c. ea. 2.70¢ 28.50c 24.75 22.90% 21.35« 19.90c. 18.60c. 25.35 22.35 19.6 18.25 17.10 16.00 14.95 18.50 16.50 14.70 13.80 13.00 12.20 11.50 16.45 14.80 13.80 12.60 11.90 11.25 10.60 12.65 11.50 10.50 9.95 9.45 9.00 8.50 10.00 9.20 8.45 8.20 7.70 7.35 7.05 9.00 8.35 7.80 7.55 7.20 6.85 6.60 Note 1: The bolster center filler price also covers bolster center braces, bolster center castings, bolster center hragms, center plate reinforcing castings, center plate supports and combined bolster center filler and back- castings Note 2: The coupler carrier price also covers carry frons, drawbar carry irons and drawhbar stirrup castings. Note 3: The striking casting price also covers buffers, buffer blocks, buffer castings, deadblocks, deadwoods, King blocks and striking plates. Suitable pattern equipment is to be furnished by the customer unless 500 or more castings are ordered from pattern at one time Note Prices on castings for passenger cars will be qu oted on receipt of inquiry and drawings OH ery cern ene CORRN NOS ceneNONDE , eee TUNEVORTTERYORISERDOREERES 007418004 SOERHORETREDE! TERE! VOT HEN?! Lotne sniEOEPEASeRROROSOR 668 TO SIMPLIFY RANGE BOILERS Cooperation of Department of Commerce with Manufacturers to Standardize Sizes and Fittings WASHINGTON, March 6.—Simplification of range boilers is proposed in recommendations made at a meet- ing held here Feb, 28 with the Division of Simplified Practice, Department of Commerce. adopted follow: Recommendations “Short size” boiler (12 x 58 in.), now being used in New York (city) be eliminated. Simplification of gas heaters to be referred to such companies as Ruud, Humphries and others Following list recommended as standard and to be issued as a simplified practice recommendation of the Department of Commerce: Boilers -18 gallons 18 x 60 in.— 66 gallons 24 gallons 20 x 60 in.- $2 gallons —30 gallons 22 60 in.—100 gallons 32 gallons 24 x 60 in.—120 gallons { x 72 in.—144 gallons { 96 in.—192 gallons Range 40 gallons 2 {2 gallons 2 52 gallons Expansion Tanks x 10 gallons 16 x 30 in.—26 gallons > x 30 in 15 gallons 16 x 36 in 32 gallons x 30 in 20 gallons 16 x 48 in.—42 gallons 2-In. top and %-in. side and bottom tappings of vertical boilers be eliminated Within one year from this date. side spuds would be eliminated all together, and that three holes would be tapped in the top instead of two as now. Not over five 1-in. openings to be standard for horizontal boilers Those present at the meeting were selected, upon proposal of the meeting, by R. M. Hudson, of the Sim- plified Practice Division, who acted as temporary chair- 14 considered Annual Meeting Cincinnati Branch, National Metal Trades Association The annual meeting of the Cincinnati branch, National Metal Trade Association, was held at the Business Men’s Club, Cincinnati, March 1. The prin- cipal business was the reading of reports of officials and the election of officers. J. Wallace Carrel, Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Co., was elected president; E. A. Muller, King Machine Tool Co., vice-president; L. G. Freeman, the Louis G. Freeman Co., treasurer, and David C. Jones, The Lunkenheimer Co., secretary. The executive committee will be J. B. Doan, the Ameri- can Tool Works Co.; P. O. Geier, the Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., and A. B. Breeze, the Cincinnati Ball Crank Co. Following the dinner, Prof. D. W. Dyer, Vander- bilt University, Nashville, Tenn., delivered an ad- dress on the wage problem, in which an “earned wage,” and not a “living wage,” was declared to be what a man is entitled to. The American theory, Professor Dyer said, is that every man should receive compensa- tion commensurate with the value of his services. When, by any sort of organization or by legislation, he receives more than this, he is receiving that which he has not earned, that which is fruit of another’s toil. The real exploiters of labor were declared to be those who are trying to substitute the so-called living wage for the earned wage. Homer D. Sayre, commissioner of the National As- sociation, briefly outlined, in an optimistic address, the present industrial situation. J. M. Manley, Director of the Cincinnati branch, also spoke, issuing a warning against inflation, the tendency toward which has been growing stronger within the last few months. Quad City Foundrymen Meet The Quad City Foundrymen’s Association held its sixth meeting at the Harms Hotel, Rock Island, IIl., Feb. 19. A nomination committee of the following members was appointed to bring in nominations for officers for the ensuing year: William Seiffert, Moline Plow Co. (tractor dept.), chairman; H. Bornstein, Deere & Co., and Fred Zimmerman, Zimmerman Steel Co. THE IRON AGE March 8, 19. man, as a committee for the entire industry in de ing the recommendations which were adopted. recommendations are to be submitted to all conc for review and discussion, leading to ratificatio) acceptance at a later general conference, unde) auspices of the Department of Commerce, of man turers, distributers and consumers, as well as involved. Frank Sutcliffe of the John Wood Mfe Conshohocken, Pa., was appointed chairman of industry to serve as a point of contact between bers of the industry and the department. The Dj of Simplified Practice will be used as a mediw getting recommendations before the distributer consumers through their properly representati\ ganizations. This will lead to a general confere) manufacturers, distributers and users in the summer. The conference was held at the request of th ricated Production Department of the United s+ Chamber of Commerce. Those present were: \ Mauck and Frank Sutcliffe, John Wood Mfg. Co., shohocken, Pa.; Nels Gross and H. Allen Furst. Mfg.-Corporation, Chicago; George A. Moore, 1) Range Boiler & Steel Barrel Co.; E. M. Verner, W Scaife & Sons Co., Pittsburgh; William Schulm: L. O. Koven & Brother, Jersey City; Robert T. Standardization Committee, National Associat Master Plumbers, Bridgeport, Conn.; John S. N president Riverside Boiler Works, Inc., Cam Mass.; E. W. McCullough and P. E. Holden, Fab: Production Department, United States Cham) Commerce; Dr. John M. Gries and F. P. Cartw Division of Building and Housing, Department of merce; R. M. Hudson, Division of Simplified P Department of Commerce. Fred Kirby, chairman of the apprenticeship con tee, made a progress report which brought out a1 teresting discussion on the subject. The president called for reports from indi members on the testing of molding sand by the Eu; Smith method. The consensus of opinion seemed ' that Mr. Smith’s method had a very practical for the foundrymen and many expressed themse intending to put this method of testing sand int plants as a standard practice. The speaker of the evening was J. E. Nyhan, tary of the Moline Y. M. C. A., whose subject was “| Man of Sand.” He brought out vividly the fa the foreman is an all important man since he point of contact between management and wor! To Study Eyesight Conservation in Shops Prof. F. C. Caldwell of the department of elect engineering, Ohio State University, who is a addition to the governing body of the Eyesight servation council, is engaged in studies on illu tion bearing upon the question of eye conserva Surveys are to be conducted in workshops and sch L. W. Wallace, executive secretary of the Federa' American Engineering Societies, and Guy A. He! of New York have been re-elected as president and : eral director, respectively, of the council. Fall Meeting of American Electrochemis'- The American Electrochemical Society plans fo: regular fall meeting a trip on the Great Lakes Buffalo to Mackinac Island and return. Stops wou made at Cleveland and Detroit. If the trip is 4 upon it will be scheduled for Sept. 13 to 15. round trip price is put at $51 including mea's berth. “Progress in Electrolytic Refining,” ©’ copper, tin, lead, nickel, zinc and iron, is one *! sium arranged for the fall meeting. A continuous billet heating furnace and a pit annealing furnace will be installed at the works 0! Gulf States Steel Co. by F. J. Ryan & Co., Philade!p' important River Improvements Assured Pittsburgh Pleased by Provisions of Appropriation Act to Carry Out Plans of Engineers Approved by Bureau of the Budget rSBURGH, March 5.—Pittsburgh, especially its al industry, iron and steel, is keenly interested \rmy Appropriation Act, signed by the President lay, since it carries an allotment of $56,589,910 rs and harbors, estimates of army engineers ng for the expenditure of $7,500,000 on Ohio ind $2,000,000 on the Monongahela River ime nents in the fiscal year beginning July 1, next. rgh is pleased because it has been thoroughly ated that the inland waterways provide a f shipping the products of its mills and fac- that these arteries permit the steel manufac- to serve the country much better than when de- is put entirely upon the railroads, and that lipments mean a reduction in delivered een such a frequent occurrence in recent years railroads have for one reason or another failed 1e load, and that need of some sort of supple- service has been a crying one. urgh steel manufacturers suffer as much if re than those in other industrial centers from ikdown in railroad service. They believe the is in the supplementary service provided by the vaterways, but if this service is to be for more brief periods when the rivers are high enough igation, it will be necessary that locks and constructed to insure water of sufficient depth mes, such as is proposed in the appropriation costs. Not a Part of the “Pork” money carried in the army appropriation bill improvement of rivers and harbors is provided np sum. It is to be expended at the discretion Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers, sartment. The amounts to be used in improv- Ohio and Monongahela rivers, however, were in the estimates of the army engineers and proved by the Bureau of the Budget. Conse these sums do not represent any part of the idded by Congress, after being reported out of ise Committee on Rivers and Harbors, with an ation of $37,000,000, the amount approved by au of the Budget. Therefore it is taken as a f course that the Ohio and Monongahela will ved under the appropriation provided and will er by reason of the announced purpose of Presi- larding not to permit expenditures for rivers and over and above the sum approved by the Bu- the Budget. Using the Rivers burgh would like to see the rivers made navi- le year round and the iron and steel industry in the idea of getting away a portion of its by way of the rivers. As indicative of the place river transportation is taking in the of heavy raw materials for mills and furnaces shipping of heavy steel products to the market, e now in the Pittsburgh district 84 steamboats > barges, the barges representing a carrying equal to 19,725 freight cars. This, it is out by steel company traffic men, relieves the of almost 20,000 cars which ordinarily would iired to move coal, cement, steel, sand, gravel, er and other Pittsburgh products. irvey of the district by a leading constructor that orders have recently been placed for 300 irges requiring about 95,000 tons of steel. These d barges are 200 ft. long, 35 ft. wide and 10 ft. nd have a carrying capacity of 1000 tons. steamboats with steel hulls have been con- tracted for or are under construction. They are 175 ft. to 200 ft. in length with stern paddle wheels and while carrying no freight themselves, can push down stream 10,000 to 15,000 tons of freight loaded on barges. Terminal facilities, under construction or contract, extend all the way from the stiff legger derrick on the river bank connecting with a railroad siding, to the most elaborate and expensive floating terminals. One terminal now being built by the Carnegie Steel Co. on the Monongahela River, will cost in the neigh- borhood of $500,000, while two others for the Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation at Pittsburgh and Wood- lawn, Pa., are to cost $30,000. The terminal of the Wheeling Steel Corporation is to $200,000, and floating terminals, built jointly by the Federal Govern- ment and municipalities of Memphis, Cairo, Helena and Vicksburg are to cost approximately $2,500,000. There is project for a rail and river terminal at Louisville, Ky., on which about $500,000 is to be expended. cost also a Survey of River Craft A survey of the river craft shows the following additions within the past few months, and the number under contract: Wheeling Steel two towboats, ten barges; towboats, 150 steel barges; Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, 30 barges with contracts pending for two towboats; American Steel & Wire Co., 20 Rodgers Sand Co., 10 barges; Patton-Tulley Co., Memphis, three steel log- ging barges; Pittsburgh Coal Co., 20 barges; Louis- ville & Cincinnati Packet Co., contract let for two steamboats; Barrett Lines, Cincinnati, one steamboat; Mississippi-Warrior Service, inquiry for 40 standard barges for Warrior River and 20 2000-ton barges for Mississippi River Standard Oil Co. of Ohio, two gas boats and fleet of oil carrying barges for the upper Ohio River Corporation, Carnegie Steel Co., two ~ barges; service; Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Plans The Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, which was the first of the steel companies to inaugurate delivery of its manufactured products in steel barges on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, will expend about $1,900,- 000 during the current year for new equipment and terminals, especially designed for this service. Work is already under way in the Jones & Laugh- lin boat yard, in Pittsburgh, on the construction of 21 new type steel barges for the service, to cost approxi- mately $300,000. A new oil engine harbor steamboat for handling barge movements between the Pittsburgh and Aliquippa works of the company has been ordered at a cost of $45,000. Two new all-steel steamboats designed for towing service in the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers have been designed and will shortly be ordered at a cost of $300,000. New river and rail terminals at the Pittsburgh works on the Monongahela River and at the Aliquippa works on the Ohio River have been de- signed and will be constructed during the spring and summer at a cost of about $350,000. The new barges, which will be put into the steel delivery service upon their completion, will be 132 ft. long, 35 ft. wide and 10 ft. deep, with collision buik- heads and watertight compartments, and with a ca- pacity of 800 tons each. Some of them will be open top for transporting steel pipe, structural shapes, bars, plates, and semi-finished material. Others will be 669 ren re vi are eg ieany vay 670 THE IRON AGE March 8, housed for carrying wire nails, barbed wire, farm fence, tin plate, and similar commodities. The ninth Jones & Laughlin tow will leave Pitts- burg harbor March 15, in tow of the steamer Ali- quippa, and will consist of eight steel barges, trans- porting about 7000 tons of various products. Part CAST IRON PIPE PROFITS Report of United States Company Shows Large Increase—New deLavaud Plants Net profits of the United States Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Co. for 1922 were $1,022,242, compared with $100,841 in the previous year. Total earnings amounted to $1,497,866, after deducting $1,347,776 for upkeep of equipment, buildings, etc., and allowing for cost of operation, maintenance and taxes. The company con- tinues in excellent financial condition, having net work- ing capital as of Dec. 31 last of $4,408,284. President L. R. Lemoine, in his statement to stock- holders, attributed much of the industrial turbulence of 1922 to adverse labor conditions which crippled opera- tions to an extent almost beyond belief. Profits accrued in large measure during the latter half of the year. The outlook on the whole is encouraging. Mr. Lemoine states that there is more inquiry for miscellaneous lines and, as for the company’s main product, cast iron pipe, “the year 1923 opens with heavy bookings.” The works are now well supplied with orders, but unable to operate freely owing to abor shortage. Industrial prosperity in 1923 seems more and more contingent upon a satisfactory labor supply. “The present Three Per Cent Immigration Law, which it is even now proposed to change to 2 per cent, is working untold hardship. Industry suffers. Labor suffers. The public suffers. All are interde- pendent. Willingness to work is essential.” As to the market, he says: “There seems to be in unusual demand for iron and steel products with constantly rising prices. The law of supply and de- mand is thus in evidence. For the moment inflation is rampant; but in due time all this will change and it may be sooner than we think. Artificially maintained levels are likely to cause a buyers’ strike. Lower wages and unemployment will follow.” The deLavaud Process Since the installation of its first machine for cast- ing iron pipe centrifugally by the deLavaud process about a year ago, the company has taken long strides in developing the method in the United States. Several new units have been installed and further expansion is being planned. Notable progress has been made during the past vear, Mr Lemoine stated, in the development of the deLavaud process (for centrifugally casting cast iron pipe). AS was an- nounced in the last annual report, during the latter part of 1921 the company acquired the sole rights for the United States The first machine was installed at the Burlington works about the middle of January, 1922, and has since been used largely for experimental purposes There were nat- urally some kinks to iron out. There are still in process of development a number of improvements which will tend to perfect the process and lessen costs The first commercial unit, consisting of four machines for producing, 6, 8, 10 and 12-in. deLavaud pipe, complete with annealing furnace, coat- ing and testing facilities, etc., was installed during last summer at the Birmingham, Ala., works nd started up in 2 small way about the middle of August Since October this unit has been producing about 500 lengths per day so satis- factorily that an additional installation of five machines was authorized at the January meeting of the Board The de- mand for deLavaud pipe has largely exceeded the present facilities in spite of the fact that no special effort was made to press its sale It is expected, as early as may be, to have 10 machines in operation at Birmingham. There, also, the company’s licensee should shortly have four machines in yperation In addition to water and gas mains deLavaud pipe made with plain ends and couplings is expected to enter wider fields and find a market for pipe line service, especially where soils are not of the best. Initial orders for such service have already been placed. Owing to the de- mand for deLavaud pipe, it is expected to augment the com- of the contents of the barges will be transfe Louisville and Evansville for transhipment by points in the South and in Indiana and Ilinoi remainder will go on to St. Louis to be transhi rail to western points, and to Memphis for dist; by rail into the Southwest. pany’s facilities for its production. At the mon machine unit, to be located at the Burlington, N is under consideration. Another such unit wil] }) placed at or near the Addystone, Ohio, works, due course the company should be producing thi: three centers, locations which offer attractions standpoint of manufacture and distribution. At time inquiry for the standard sand cast pipe con will do so especially for the smaller and the large: not cast centrifugally. Production of Coke in 192] According to figures of the Census Burea was a sharp shrinkage in the output of coke p 1921 as compared with 1919, but the value in 19 more than double that in 1914. This does not coke made in gas-house practice. Of the 176 establishments reported in 1921, 84 were loca Pennsylvania, 21 in West Virginia, 12 in Alaba in Ohio, and smaller numbers in 17 other States. I shows the typical census figures for the operat this industry, while Table II, compiled largely United States Geological Survey, shows output various products and by-products of the indust Jable 1—General Figures of Coke Manufact 1921 1919 Number of establishments 176 278 Operating 117 56 Beehive ovens 59 222 Persons engaged........ 19,183 32,882 Proprietors and _ firm members ...... 27 41 Salaried employees : 3,086 3,522 Wage earners (averagi number ) 16,070 29,319 $v-product ovens 12,414 15,553 beehive ovens. 3,656 13,766 Salaries and wages. ‘ 532,076,400 $49,905,100 Salaries a 3,400 7,605,800 ee 33,000 42,299,300 By-product ovens... ‘ 9,187,800 26,060,600 Beehive ovens...... by be 45,200 16,238,800 Paid for contract work 37.100 81,000 Cost of materials .790,900 224,266,700 By-product ovens ; 3,792,900 146,110,800 seehive ovens ... 21,998,000 78,155,900 Value of products .. 221,313,400 316,515,800 By-product ovens... . 191,% .200 204,492,400 Beehive ovens.. ca'k's 4 2,200 112,023,400 Value added by manufac- ture awa in 2,500 92,249,100 (Value of products less cost of materials.) *Not segregated in 1914. Table Il Production of Coke and By-Product: 1921 1919 Coke, net tons ~eeeee 25,479,000 44,180,557 34 By-product coke, tons 19,918,000 25,137,621 11 ols Beehive coke, net tons 15,561,000 19,042,936 23,3 Per cent of total— By-product coke .... 58.2 56.9 Beehive coke ; 43.1 By-product ovens, num- ber 11,164 10,379 Principal by-products— Tar, gal. 253,051,649 288,901,739 Ammonia— ° a Sulphate, Ib. 528,638,763 544,303,827 Anhydrous or . ammonia, Ib ,899,35 50,535,639 2 Sulphate equivalent, Be lb. § 3 764,079,749 17 Gas, M cu. : 415,655,098 61 Benzol products— Crude light oil, gal.... Benzol, crude, gal Motor fuel, Refined, gal. Toluol, crude, gal Refined, gal. Solvent naphtha, gal.. Other refined oils, gal. Naphthalene, crude, Ib.. Refined, Ib. 92,473,409 w bo AIS who Apolo w=) No-Ie-1 0 9 rhowwenY olor CAwAarwworet *Included in sulphate equivalent. +Covers both crude and motor fuel benzol. ‘November Imports Exceptionally Heavy ) Iron and Steel Total 141,176 Gross Tons, or 4700 Tons Per Day —Pig Iron and Scrap Form 88 Per Cent—Year’s Imports May Show a New High Record ASHINGTON, March 6.—Despite the duties carried Fordney-McCumber tariff law, imports of iron teel products in November, 1922, set what is per- 1 record movement of the kind in the history of \merican iron and steel industry. Total imports 141,176 gross tons, valued at $4,374,915, or an ge daily incoming shipment for the 30-day month proximately 4700 tons. This compares with total of 175,086 gross tons for the 40-day period of Iron and Steel into the United States (In Gross Tons) 11 Months |} NOV., Nov Nov Nov 1921 1922 1921 , 193 IS T67 L?¢ “ I ¢ 70 6.192 XS 18 »4 15¢ $1 6.698 s bloom ind stee ON { 7 ) pi t bars 106 ¢ hapes ry ‘ f ‘ 32 194 SO 2,113 67¢ 419 products rH8 14 and steel 230 12 and forgings . 162 321 1d screws... ‘ 27 136 nd saw plates 38 274 1,942 64 rivets and { 35 198 120 148 nd strip d insu kinds 10.610 141.176 10.6 618.14 , ¢ 0 ) 7 RE 4 4 ‘6 0: » NES 165.648 313.613 173,24 927 8 ,3¢ 16,¢ 16.36 . . S itel previous to Sept. 2 . . . ! Sept. 22, the date the new tariff act became effe 7 Oct. 31, or an average daily movement of a] itely 4400 tons. ‘reat bulk of the November movement consisted yn, 98,767 tons, ferromanganese, 6192 tons, and 5,575 tons, as was to be expected, but the ship were less in each instance than they were Machinery Imports by Value 11 Months I Nov., Nov Nov Nov 1921 1922 1921 192 g machin ss $5,840 $35.528 $200,856 : oF nachin . ; 42 nplements 40,272 105.372 2,047,084 3 39 4 achinery paratus 26.643 112.60 l 7 40.38 genera s : hinery : ind 92.357 229,788 nery 314,744 240,783 4,223,701 2,532,441 pt igt ‘ 246,020 154.200 1,957,4 1,369 $633,519 $740,843 $8,742,183 $7,246,801 COC gnCUDNMEDONEOO EENEVEREEETOROSERAAOHTONERDEN DeHNONEET ini erpTnaE /HNEnOBOET HOT )6 nue tamer) meanasnnee lay period, the respective totals at that time 0,779 tons, 11,229 tons and 28,677 tons. It is that the imports of these products will con- show a decline, as it is stated that large ship- were made against contracts, some of which ve been completed. the 11 months ended with November, total im- 671 aggregated ports of iron and valued at $27,862,679, 618,143 also is thought to set a record for a similar period, and which represent almost one-third of the entire export movement of approxi mately 2,000,000 tons in 1922. Of the incoming move ment during the 328,717 tons, or more than steel gross tons which 11 months, 11 Months Ended N Nov Nov ’ ) 1922 SI 60 2,437 Swede! l¢ 2 296,15: Canada ‘ 6 2,323 ‘ ’ 2 21,64¢ ‘ ‘ x q 101.68 pig iron, 89,432 tons of ferro tons of strap. Of the tota ron in November, 44,531 tons came from 25,993 tons from Scotland, 12,548 tons 50 per cent, consisted of manganese and 114,367 imports of pig England, from France, 11,875 tons from Belgium and 3818 tons from Canada. Of the total imports in November of ferro- manganese, 6187 tons came from England and 5 tons from Germany. When compared with imports of November, 1921, with certain iten of mino tonnage importance: ] po } ‘ fo Months \ } Gross i .. at \ Net] (‘a 1 } ' *x9.4 ‘Oo fr J a7 nitted, those Novem 1922, showed an increas about 1230 per cent, the imports of Novembe) 1921, having been 10,610 tor valued at $1,115 244 For the 11 mont ended November, 1922, the total] ] , of P j ( i¢ f ll Months Hunde: i Gr I I therlands 92 S ur ( na 500 EY ce Swed 208 Belgium Panat 14 Canada ; ‘) iT Ss 736 Tota - ] *O AT ! wel ported from Jan. 1 to sept l, 19 new tariff bye ng effective at mid- ain aa, Gm baat practically 460 per cent over the total imports of 110,- 609 tons valued at $15,514,033 for the corresponding period of 1921. Imports of manganese ore in November of last year totaled 9967 tons and for the 11 months they were 360,027 tons, while for the respective periods imports of iron ore totaled 165,648 and 973,242 tons, and for magnesite they were 8363 tons and 116,368 tons. In connection with imports of manganese ore and ferromanganese, it is important that attention be called to the fact that, since they were made dutiable by the new tariff law on the basis of manganese content, the imports are weighed according to the manganese con- tent only, while when they were free of duty the gross - Pe “oI~ pe: ; yom - ye] 5 oe 2h 8 Ree ease ge 3! ae th Bit a See: gs 3 bs *, BS ava Le aps: i eE? eh. Bhat is a. > * * $ ht. 2% 672 THE IRON AGE shipments were recorded. In the case of 50 per cent manganese ore and 80 per cent ferromanganese, there- fore, the actual gross shipments would be double and 25 per cent respectively more than the recorded weights under the new law. For this reason present compari- sons of the imports of these products with the same Improves Tumbling Mill Construction Reinforcement of the shell and other parts and standardized construction throughout to permit of easy replacement of worn parts are new features of tumbling mills built by the W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland. The shell will be made up of a single plate rolled to shape and having the door cut out of the plate opposite the seam. A solid strip of metal, 7 in. wide, is left on each side of the door opening, overlapping by 3 in. the head casting and steel wearing plate. This leaves a door opening 8 in. shorter than the inside length of the barrel. The door opening is reinforced all around the inside and outside. This is said to prevent bulging of the barrel and to assure proper fit of the door con- tinually. Quick acting door fasteners shown in the illustration The Shell Is Rolled From a Single Plate and Door Construction Strengthened. All parts are standardized are used to hold the door in place. The door cover is made up of a piece of mill shell with an additional %-in. plate, 1 in. large all around, riveted together and stiffened by rivets and angles. The head castings, with the trunnions, are inserted into the shell, trued up on a machine and held in place by stud bolts. The latter are emphasized as permitting of easy removal of the head and of thorough calking between the head and shell to eliminate shearing effects. Heads, trunnions, gears and other parts are made to standard specifications, permitting of easy replace- ment of worn parts. Steel Castings Sales Highest Since March, 1920 WASHINGTON, March 3.—Sales of commercial steel castings in January were the largest since March, 1920, according to reports received by the Department of Commerce through the Bureau of the Census, in co- operation with the Steel Founders’ Society, from com- panies comprising over two-thirds of the commercial castings capacity of the United States. Total bookings reported in January were 103,161 tons by firms with a capacity normally devoted to com- mercial castings of 96,200 tons, or at the rate of 107.2 per cent of capacity, as against December bookings at 71.1 per cent of capacity. Bookings of railroad special- ties amounted to 47,879 tons, or 125 per cent of capac- ity, as against 73.8 per cent for December bookings. Bookings of miscellaneous castings amounted to 55,282 tons, or 94.3 per cent of capacity, and the largest amount booked in any month since records are avail- able, in January, 1920. Blackwood Electric Stee] Corporation, Parkersburg, W. Va., has almost completed the construction of its plant and expects to be in production about the middle of April next. Alexander Blackwood, formerly general manager Farrel-Cheek Steel Foundry Co., is president of the company. March o )Ds >) Vv products when they were free of duty cannot satisfactorily. Imports of machinery made a gain over ¢} November, 1921, being $740,843 against $633,5 the 11 months, however, there was a considera ing off, from $8,742,183 to $7,246,801. Chicago Silica Brick Prices Highe: PITTSBURGH, March 5.—Outside of an ad\ $3 per 1000 in the Chicago district price of sili: refractories prices are unchanged. So prices grade in Pennsylvania and Birmingham have disturbed, but it is a frequent prediction that | vania silica will go to $45 per 1000 f.o.b. w April 1, due to the fact that there is such a h: mand, particularly in connection with the product coke plants recently awarded. Sinc ginning of the year, the Koppers Co., Pittsbu taken contracts for by-product installations i; Utah; Battle Creek, Mich.; Youngstown, 0! Buffalo, and the Semet-Solvay Co., one for a in Hamilton, Ontario. Costs again are adva) the manufacture of not only silica, but other | refractories, chiefly in connection with labor, not readily obtained with wages more remune other lines of endeavor. In a number of district ments are restricted by the fact that it is diff secure common labor to do loading. Low prices on Pennsylvania silica brick hay: well disappeared. Observance of quotations fire brick is fairly consistent, but it is said that ity in the Missouri district still exceeds consun n and that there is more or less shading of prices. Quo- tations will be found on page 714. Clay fire brick and silica brick statistics for th month of January, as compiled by the Refractories Manufacturers Association, make the following com- parison, with the figures for December: Clay Fire Brick January Capacity reporting........ 74,090,863 Stock first of month...... 147,601,944 (198 PNUD, ctx encoun ee beac 61,080,954 é SINUS io. 6. o-oo 0: ... 54,233,966 Stock end of month....... 154,448,932 a EE ere 62,858,194 Camceliatioms ...cccccscess 1,737,322 Net new business......... 61,120,872 Unfilled ordera ........0.6 71,074,468 Silica Brick Capacity reporting........ 22,784,167 22,99 Stock first of month...... 38,501,473(169) 35,71 Aer eee 11,935,280( 52) 11,50 ee eee + 11,914,212( 52) 9,2 Stock end of month....... 38,522,541(169) 37,9¢ NOW OFGOTS iccccccacss .. 15,861,405( 69) 13,04 CORCOCTIBTIONS. 26006 s. Sov 266,356¢€( 1) 2,00 Net new business...... .» 15,595,049( 68) 11,036 Unfilled orders........... 23,355,329(102) 19,3 Gas and Electric Fixtures Made in 1°2! Production in 1921 of fixtures for the usé and electric current was reported by the Census Bureau at a slightly higher figure than in 1919. The 1 reas over 1914 was about 50 per cent, which is proba Ss than the increase in unit prices, and should th represent a slight reduction in actual volum put. Of the 308 establishments in 1921, 97 New York, 41 in Pennsylvania, 31 in Illinois, Ohio, 24 in California and smaller numbers in ! States. The value of products was $42,890,000. The Welland Alloy Steel Corporation, Ltd W land, Ont., will shortly commence operations there ® employ in the early future about 2000 men. T pany recently purchased the plant of the Elect & Metals, Ltd., including a plant with two 7-' oult electric furnaces, of a capacity of 15,000 tons year. A third furnace of the same size and a rol" mill is to be added this year. The company propo’ to manufacture nickel alloy steel from Sudbury . which contains the iron and nickel required in 14‘u'* combination. y < ne re, acts Considered as Industrial Stabilizers Importance of Leadership by Employers as an Antidote to the Walking Delegate- Cooperation and Mutual Confidence Essential to Harmony BY ROBERT H. GROWING tree that is denied sunlight is no more unhealthy and unstable than is the industrial - organization that is inadequately supplied with ts regarding the conditions, aims and accomplish- ts of itself, its industry and its employer. This rmity and instability are unmistakable characteris- of the uninformed business body. Consequently ‘ollapse of this feeble organism is usually num- ed very early among the casualties that occur dur- every epidemic of industrial unrest. Facts form the basis for the coordinated interest common purpose that differentiate an organization 1 a crowd. The denial of facts affronts one of the t impelling and magnificent of all primitive ‘uwman For want of a better name we may term this domi- ‘haracteristic the instinct of workmanship. It is mon to all mankind, whether Sakers, bankers cr While the direction of its development dif- its intensity in any man is limited only by his tal capacity. Where the instinct of workmanship yroperly nourished it inspires the desire to excel, at work and at play. Present day employers generally comnlain that em- not want to work and take no interest in tasks which they are obliged to do. Articles philos- izing upon the “absence of the will to work” fre- tly appear in magazines and sometimes even in daliy papers. Whether or not there is any more for this complaint today than when it was made e the war, or even 20 years ago, it is a fact that iverage worker of today is fundamentally no dif- nt from his predecessor of former years. luring the last 20 years, our industries have at- ted workers of many nationalities with widely dif- nt historical backgrounds. This extensive dilution have slightly modified the points of view of our ent industrial organizations. Such changes, how- have not been the only transitions and indus- they certainly have not been the most radical that have taken place since the beginning of the ent century. [he marvelous development of the automobile and aft industry; the establishment of quantity pro- mn methods, together with a constant increase in size of industrial units, have all been accepted and of the problems connected with them have been ntively considered and carefully solved by em- ers in general. Unfortunately, however, many em- rs have developed attitudes of almost lethargic iment with regard to the psychological adjust- ’ their organization problems. ause of the great complexities of our modern structure, American workers today need a higher of constructive leadership than ever before has ontemplated. It is the employer’s responsibility ilfill this need. His failure to satisfy entirely the rements of the situation is fraught: with grave bilities, certainly to industry, probably to the States and possibly to modern civilization. ery employer who honestly desires to free Ameri- lustry and the American worker from the preda- practices and false teachings of the various self- inted and speciously designated “benefactors of workers,” or “representatives of labor,” must ac- the leadership of his own organization, together all the difficulties and discouragements that ac- pany the responsibility. Too often, the leadership rgiars. ees do *Service Manager Bridgeport Brass Co., Bridgeport, Conn BOOTH of the false prophets has been imposed upon the work- ers because there was available no better leader under whom they migh