The Iron Age 1920-12-16: Vol 106 Iss 25

THE IRON AGE New York, December 16, 1920 ESTABLISHED 1855 VOL. 106: No. 25 New Rolling Mill for Alloy Steels Five Stands Served by Tilting Table on One Side and Traveling Lifting Table on Other With Runout Over Transfer Table HE Pennsylvania Forge Co., Bridesburg, Phil- adelphia, which for about 15 years has been engaged in the manufacture of pressed and hammered forgings, including forged steel pipe flanges, has recently added to its equipment a five- stand, three-high 22-in. motor-driven bar mill for the rolling of alloy steel billets and bars. The mill has several interesting features, among which is the complete mechanical handling of the material from the time it leaves the ingot or billet yard until it is ready for shipment as bars or piled as billets for the billet yard. All the drives are electrical from the 1000 hp. motor on the mill to the pusher on the reheating furnace. The mill was designed and built in the company’s own plant with the exception of the mill drive and housings, which were purchased from the Anniston Steel Co., Annis- ton, Ala. The design and construction were under the direction of W. S. Hilton, the company’s de- signing engineer. The mill is housed in a well lighted building 100 ft. wide by 200 ft. long. The building is laid out in two bays of 70 and 30 ft. with a 10-ton Shepard crane in the main bay and a 5-ton crane in the 30 ft. bay. The mill is at present operating with one reheating furnace 50 ft. long by 7 ft. wide, but a second furnace is under construction. The billets are pushed through the furnace by means of a motor driven pusher and carried through the furnace on water cooled skid pipes and discharged from the furnace upon a roller runout table which carries the billets to the mill. There are 7 ~ Z fer 3 yo ‘ 8 fy fv [ aS Di FR /—wY In the Pennsylvania Forge Co.’s Bar Mill Is a Tilting Table on the Furnace Side of the Mill and a Lifting Table on the Other Side. The lifting mechanism of the tilting «able is shown perspective sketch by tl B being of 1597 » heavy lines in these drawings and is illustrated by the course the counterweight 1598 THE IRON AGE December 16, 1920 ary es Tig F ae Pr Eka od ee Pa Billets from the Heating Furnace Are Carried to the Tilting Table, Which Serves the Mill two operating tables on the mill, a tilting table, located on the furnace side, and a lifting table on the hot bed side. These tables are so arranged that the mill can handle either guide or hand rounds. With the tables the heaviest billets can be handled. with only five men at the mill. A transfer table connects the lifting table with the hot bed. This is of great advantage when the mill is on roughing. The bars are carried to the saw and shear on roller tables. Finished material is carried across the hot bed by the customary drags. The hot saw and shear were both built by the United Engineer- ing & Foundry Co., Pittsburgh. The saw is a two motor feed of latest design and the shear a motor driven vertical shear. By means of a specially de- signed piler the billets from the shear are piled and loaded on buggies for the billet yard without fur- ther handling. This reduces the number of men required at the shear, a feature particularly making for economy. The mill has five stands of housings which are necessary to produce flats by rolling flat and edge instead of tongue and groove, as is customary with } 10T SA Motar sienna _ _ } Mat By safeme ’ 7 + ty T — PAN FER | cr A PY) | | ABL! | | aT | ao 4 } / itl l J 4 | SSCS TEASE RRO TE } | | WANT 4 || TTT TT TTT i + HpaI } Hy uy TH B/ mM | lil . it Ht Wt | i ch i tal = = tH HnRiAnTITt) Hi EHD wy | | | Sat Ha Hediste | RACE ae ali ae x dtth ng : ABl L ? “| | - Y 4] ' | TABLE +] ABLE C LU ULRL Gan 7 “meter LS ceo ° TTT f\ 43 t u SEMEL WOE EEE Ly Os HHREHSEE oi / . 4 1 i | lal | Si WAU b 1s 4 | Ryu i it nnn | Th mnt rr / |i 1 d 1 Ahi + bh abe aT ot :' ” rin Base cea _— — ae Jf Mor 1: GNNEALING a Y CURNACE |b i —7 Q' io’ 20' 30 8 40 50’ i ata, Fe Se RRR Es / 2 VFA a X44 Z4 a ; si - PLAN T/L WAY "GAGE Productive Capacity of the Pennsylvania Forge Plant Will Furnaces, One of Whieh Is + path: avrer Yar gir aeaapeaagncs| ten Pee. ELEVATION ~ 3e Increased with the Completion of Two Additional Heating Now Under Construction ¢ » December 16, 1920 On the Hot Bed Side the Mill Is Served by a Lifting hot bed, hot saw the larger mills. changes. The mill is producing rounds and squares from 1144 in. to 6 in. and large sizes of flats principally in alloy steels for the automobile drop forging trade. While not wholly self contained as to steel supply the company has a 10-ton acid open hearth furnace, which furnishes ingots both for the forge shops and mill. The ingots for the rolling mill are cast in 9 in. and 11 in. square molds, while ingots of any required size are cast for forgings. In the mill two Rockwell oil-fired furnaces, 18 It also makes possible fewer roll Se — pe RS Ln Lt TEEN TT hd ae CT Ut ey RT CULE a Table, 77 _— 1 THE IRON AGE Which Del Transfer Table This commands the and shear ft. long by 7 ft. care ol wide, have been installed to take orders requiring heat treatment. Prominent cit a committee of have named Chamber of Commerce to conduct mpaign toward lessening industrial and lents. The work of the committee will be largely along educational lines, and will be carried on in three distinct divisions, public highway safety, home and safety and industrial safety. A fund $15,000 will be raised to inaugurate the work and carry it along for the first year. izens of Cincinnati the peen as an active other acci scnool o! incl " “98 § meu | | co... Bed with Hot Saw and Shear Navy Armor and Gun Forging Plant—II° Design and Equipment of Forge and Furnace and Gun Treatment Buildings at South Charleston, W. Va.—Plant Service Features HE design of the forge and furnace building at the rE Naval Ordnance plant is believed to be a radical departure from anything that has been built for the purpose. The forge shops of the existing armor plants con- sist of buildings with one main crane aisle and a lean- to on one or both sides. The furnaces are located in the lean-tos, the presses in the middle or at one end of the main aisle. Forging cranes are provided on either side of the press on crane rails which at one end of the span are supported on the top of the press and at the other end on separate steel structures. Forging heats are brought from the furnaces down the main aisle by the overhead cranes and placed in a position where they can be picked up by the forging cranes, although in certain cases the ingot furnaces are in. direct reach of the forging cranes. In order that the presses and the forging cranes may be cleared, the overhead crane in the main aisle must be placed at a relatively great height. This makes an expensive building. The treatment shops of the existing armor plants are located in separate structures from the forge shops, and as plates must be returned to the press for bending, straightening, etc., considerable railroad traffic between the two buildings results, unless two very large presses are provided. H-Type Forge and Furnace Building At the Naval Ordnance Plant the forge shop and the treatment shop for both armor plate and gun forg- ings have been consolidated in the “H”-type forge and furnace building. The overall dimensions of the build- ing are 477 x 644 ft. The building consists of two main aisles, each of which has a lean-to on either sfde and which are connected by the press room which forms the crossbar of the “H.” The 14,000-ton steam-intensified hydraulic forging press and its driving equipment, including the 2500-lb. hydraulic-pressure pumps, the 32-in. accumulator and the steam receivers and intensifiers, is located in the eastern half of the press room as divided by the shuttle tracks. The 6500-ton press which will be erected in the future will be located in the western half. The direction of the forging is from the south aisle toward the north aisle. A 250-ton hydraulic forging crane with an auxiliary hook of 25 tons capacity is located on either side of the press on double runway rails 46 ft. above the floor. The inside’runway rails are supported directly on top of the press. These forging cranes, of which all the motions excepting the hoisting motions are electrically driven, have a sufficient range of bridge travel to pick up loads from either of the shuttle tracks. Water is supplied to the hoist motions from the pressure system at 2500 lb. per sq. in. The entire area of the press room proper, which is approximately 140 ft. wide by 160 ft. long, has been made entirely free from columns except for the row necessary to support the inside crane runway rails for the forging cranes. The central area over the presses is served by a 75-ton crane located on rails approxi- mately 80 ft. above the floor level. This crane has been placed to serve in the erection of the presses and of the forging cranes as well as in their repair. The span of the runway girders is 140 ft. The track scale of 600,000 lb. capacity is located on the main shuttle track in the northern half of the press room. *From a paper presented at the annual meeting, New York, last week of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. A previous article in THe IRON AGE, issue Dec. 2, described the general layout of the plant, the transportation facilities and features of the open-hearth building. +Supervising engineer in charge during design and con- struction of the Naval Ordnance Plant. — BY ROGER M. FREEMANt — Briefly and generally the process for armor-plate manufacture in this building will be as follows: The ingot will be received in the south aisle from the open- bearth building on a flat car by way of the shuttle track. It will be lifted by an overhead crane and placed in one of the ingot furnaces by a porter bar. To heat the ingot will require up to 20 hr. The hot ingot will then be withdrawn from the furnace and carried down the aisle to either one of the shuttle tracks and deposited on a car which will then be pushed through the few feet necessary by an electric locomotive into the press room. It will be picked up by a forging crane and carried under the press. Armor Pilate Forging Operations The first forging operation will last about an hour. It will bring the plate down within an inch or so of its finished thickness and will include cropping the ingot. The plate, which is then 35 per cent lighter, is re- turned to the south aisle, deposited on the car of one of the Carbottom type reforging furnaces, which will then be rolled into the furnace and the plate will be reheated preparatory to reforging. After reforging and rectifying, the plate will come out into the north aisle for the carbonizing, annealing, tempering and hardening operations, and under normal conditions will not return again to the south aisle, although returning occasionally to the press room, as required, for bending and straightening. It then goes via shuttle track to the machine shop. The “H” type of building consolidating the forging plant with the treatment building presents the follow- ing main advantages: (a) A low first cost. An estimated saving of half a million dollars was secured by keeping the height of the runway rails in the main aisles down to 40 ft. The maximum economy of space secured by consolidat- ing the forge and treatment operations in one building. The maximum economy in operation should result, due to the compactness of the building itself, the relatively short haul from any furnace to the press rodém, and the time saved over present methods in operation. The presses are very accessible to the furnaces and any press can receive work directly from any furnace in either aisle. Operation of cranes in the furnace aisles will not inter- fere with or be interfered with by forging operations in the press room. Operating conditions are ideal in so far as light and ventilation are concerned. The presses and press-drive equipment are concentrated in a central area, thereby avoiding any expensive dis- tribution systems for steam, high-pressure water or electricity. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (9g) Twenty-five furnaces are being completed in the forge and furnace building. Of these the three ingot furnaces, the two reforging furnaces and the rectifying furnace in the south aisle; the three carbonizing, three annealing, eight tempering and one hardening furnace in the north aisle are identical in section and differ only in length. They are of the regenerative Carbottom type, the fuel is natural gas, and the air preheated. There are three different lengths of furnace, 50, 42 and 36 ft. respectively. The height inside from the floor line to the top of the underside of the arch is 14 ft. 6 in. and the width inside from face to face of the brick work is 15 ft. in each case. An interesting feature of the furnace equipment is the car-pulling mechanism. Having in mind the “elec- tric mules” which draw the ships through the locks at Panama, the idea was conceived of using an independent portable electric-driven rack-rail locomotive which would operate on standard gage tracks placed between 1600 pret a SSS Ses sss December 16, 1920 THE IRON AGE 1601 E< 25 a 222m -2F- vara 4 + all r ' ry! ‘ ------ 106 pF : / & 5 LE -2— “ EF TB tt S Ti & 23 GE ' re i" : High AQ WATE so sree woe ne owe enn ene e nee one o----- 5 $77 = = = 2-2 = - - --- Ls anh endline Gens oF = r | | 7 | é --§2'--rh<]] - -- 106 k--- an nnenenee----- ----- 644 (4 Bays ©40') — <—= 710 OPEN HEARTH aoe fon | Crane Runwai Longitudinal Section Showing Press and Crane Runways Cross Section Showing Hydraulic Cranes D Transverse Section on Line E-E Plan and Section Views of H-Type Forge and Furnace Building. Economy of space and operation is attained by locating two departments in one building with presses in the center thus making the presses readily accessible to all furnaces with a short haul and avoiding expensive distributing systems. The forging press is of 14,000 gross tons capacity and of the steam-intensified hydraulic type; it weighs nearly 5,000,000 lb. A 250-ton hydraulic lift forging crane serves the press 1602 | Door Liftin | Motor -. 9 Plan-Section and End View of Carbottom Furnace for Armor Plate Firebrick 3g" low Gummsess. be ~ a Half Elevation Half Section the Carbottom tracks and which would draw the Car- bottom by means of a standard M. C. B. coupling. A spring reel of cable was arranged for plugging in to the nearest electric power socket and rings were provided for conveniently lifting and carrying the mule to any furnace desired by the overhead crane. The device has subsequently been altered by the operating division to exclude the standard-gage track and wheels, and as built the car-pulling mechanism will be carried on an extension of the girders of the Carbottom furnaces. The green-annealing furnaces for gun forgings, one to be 100 ft. long, are also of the Carbottom type. The balance of the furnaces are of the solid-bottom type. The forging press is of 14,000 gross tons capacity and is of the steam-intensified hydraulic type. The maximum working stroke is 90 in, and the four press columns are 19 ft. x 8 ft. 6 in. on centers. The columns are each 30 in. in diameter. There are three cylinders each 44 in. in diameter and the working pressure is 7000 lb. per sq. in. There are two double-acting manip- ulating jacks in pits on either side of the press, each of 150 tons capacity and having a maximum stroke of approximately 18 ft. Valves are arranged so that one forging cylinder alone may be used, giving greater speed for forging gun work under these conditions. Water is supplied at 2500 lb. pressure by three 250- gal. per min. pumps. A 32-in. accumulator operates on this system, which also supplies the manipulating cylinders, pull-back plungers and the 250-ton hydraulic forging cranes. The triple intensifier operating on steam at 200 lb. pressure from the boiler plant increases the pressure in the press cylinders to 7000 lb. per sq. in. As a matter of general interest, the total weight of the press alone is nearly 5,000,000 lb. The total load at the bottom of the foundation, assuming both cranes loaded directly over the press and including the dead weight of the press and of the concrete foundations is approximately 13,000,000 lb. To support this load it was necessary to place the press on four concrete piers, each 9 ft. in diameter, which bear on rock about 60 ft. below the level of the pressroom floor. Under conditions of eccentric loading there is an extremely remote possibility that a very great side thrust may occur at the top of the press. At the in- THE IRON December 16, 1920 AGE sistence of the manufacturer, a structural steel brace was designed to take this load, as is shown in the section of the press room. All motions of the presses and jack are controlled from a pulpit located on the floor of the press room on line with the press and about 15 ft. away. The hoist motions of the 250-ton hydraulic cranes are also con- trolled at this point. The bridge and trol- ley motions of the crane are controlled from cages mounted at the far end of each forg- ing crane whence the operator can most readily line up the piece in the press. The spray for quenching armor plate is placed at the east end of the north aisle. This consists of a reinforced-concrete pit 16 x 32 ft. x 8 ft. deep. The bottom is covered by a grillage of small pipes per- forated with %-in. holes. A carriage on tracks carrying a like grillage straddles the pit. The plate is taken from the Carbottom hardening furnace nearby by a crane and placed on suitable supports in the pit. The carriage is then moved over it and the plate drenched on either or both sides with water. : Approximately 25,000 gal. of water per min. i are required during the first 20 minutes of the operations. The water from the spray is j wasted into the adjacent gully. Machine Shop The machine shop is 320 ft. wide by 552 ft. long. It comprises three main aisles, each of which is 100 ft. wide center to cen- | ter of crane rails. Crane rails are 40 ft. a above the floor level. The south aisle and the middle aisle are to be used for the finishing of the armor plate. Each is served with a 150-ton and a 75-ton crane with 25- ton and 10-ton auxiliary hoists respectively. The princi- pal machine tools in the south aisle are four planers, two universal borers and drillers of the car type, two univer- sal boring, drilling and milling machines, a universal ra- dial drill and two armor-plate grinders. At the west end of the south aisle will be located the burning equipment; gas will be piped from a separate oxy-hydrogen plant which has been built 100 ft. south as a matter of safety. At the west end of the south aisle is the erection floor and the surface plates for the fitting up of armor plate prior to shipment. The erection floor will be 168 ft. long by 93 ft. wide and will consist of a thick reinforced-con- crete slab with rails embedded in the surface. The surface plates cover an area 85 x 48 ft. and are of steel. Special arrangements are made in the foundations so that an absolutely level surface may be accurately maintained. The middle aisle contains an open-side planer, a vertical and horizontal planer, two armor-plate rotary planers and saws, a cutting-off machine and a double armor-plate breast planer. Offices and a tool room will be located in the farthest bay west. The north aisle, which is served by two 75-ton cranes, will be devoted to the machining of gun forg- ings. Equipment of ample size to rough-bore and turn 20-in. 50-caliber gun forgings is provided. The shuttle track ends in the middle aisle of the machine shop. Gun forgings from the forge shop will arrive by way of the main track system in order not to make necessary swinging the great length of the forg- ings through 90 deg., although this can be very con- veniently done if required, due to the 100-ft. width of the aisle. Railroad tracks enter both ends of the north and middle aisles and the east end of the south side. A track scale of 100 tons capacity is placed on the latter track. Somewhat over 60 per cent of the side and end wall area is in steel sash. Top lighting is provided by longi- tudinal sawtooth monitors in the side aisles and a double sawtooth monitor in the middle aisle. Gun-Treatment Building The gun-treatment building is alongside the machine Gas Mai December 16, 1920 shop, the intervening space 40 ft. wide being roofed over to provide for lockers, toilets, offices and a 2-story electric substation for the gun-treatment furnaces. The building consists of a low portion and a high portion. A railroad connection from the main track system runs through the entire length of the building close to the south wall. The low portion of the building provides space for a future straightening press, storage area for forgings, while awaiting treatment or result of tests, cutting-off saws and slotting and boring machines for the taking of test specimens. The high portion provides for the vertical treat- ment of gun forgings. A reinforced-concrete pit ap- proximately 80 ft. square and 55 ft. deep has been built and will contain the 10 x 105 ft. vertical electric heat- treatment furnace and a quenching tank 10 ft. in diam- eter and 105 ft. high. A 50-ft. furnace is also to be erected on a line with the high furnace and the quench- ing tank. Space is provided in the pit and on the floor for a duplication of this equipment. Structural steel platforms will be erected around the furnaces in gal- leries 10 ft. apart, for the convenient inspection of the forging in the furnace during operation through peep holes in the side of the furnace. The steel structure will also support the rolling doors which cover the top of the furnaces and the bridges from which the forgings are hung while in the furnaces. An interest- ing detail is the installation of an elevator to carry the operator from the bottom of the pit to any one of the 10 galleries in the 105 ft. height of the treatment-fur- nace structure. The reinforced-concrete pit is of unusually heavy construction in order to withstand the pressure due to its depth, and due to the additional 20-ft. head of water to which the bottom is subjected. The design is unique in that no interior cross-bracing whatever is used. Each of the four sides of the lower half of the pit is designed as a slab supported between the bottom of the pit and a flat horizontal beam at approximately one- half the total depth. The upper half of the walls are designed as retaining walls, for which the flat beam forms the base. Special precautions were taken in the construction of the pit to secure watertightness and the entire concrete work was divided into units each con- sisting of one full day’s pouring of concrete, metal water stops being provided at each construction joint and also where the needle beams of the shoring pass through the wall. The high portion is served by a 75-ton crane with a 104-ft. span which has a 50-ft.-per-min. hoisting speed at full load, and a 100-ft.-per-min. lowering speed. All motions of this crane are controlled from a pulpit lo- cated on line with the quenching tank and at a height 4 pets iP TT OTT Le Rurwa THE IRON AGE 1603 just above the top of the furnaces and tanks, on the east wall of the high portion of the building. The fur- naces are placed on line with the tank so that only a hoist and a trolley motion will be required in the quenching operation. The low portion is served with two cranes which are duplicates of the machine-shop 75-ton cranes. The runway of the low portion has been extended into the high portion so that pieces may be picked up and car- ried directly under the area served by the high crane and thus avoid an additional transfer by rail. Plant Services The service features of the plant include the indus- trial water supply, the sewerage, electrical power and lighting, steam, air, natural gas, etc. The electric, water and compressed air systems are centered in the service building, which consists of two component parts, an outdoor substation and the service building proper. Electric power will enter the building at 6600 volts, 3-phase 60-cycles and be distributed from the main buses to all parts of the plant. The building houses four 1500-kw. rotary converters, synchronous condens- ers, three air compressors, etc. The outdoor electric substation is for the control of the two 44,000-volt and one 66,000-volt 3-phase 60-cycle incoming circuits, and consists of three banks of trans- formers and the necessary switches, buses, etc. The industrial water supply is taken from the Great Kanawha River which flows west on the north boundary of the reservation. The river pump station is con- structed of reinforced concrete directly in the river bank, Two 2000-gal.-per-min. pumps are being installed and space is provided for a third pump. The pump floor is underneath the river level and a positive head thereby assured. Occasional floods bring the river up to 30 ft., or in extreme conditions, 35 ft. The pumps raise the water approximately 50 ft. to a surge tank, whence it flows in a 30-in. tile pipe by gravity to the lower end of the reservoir settling basin. This basin has a capacity of 25,000,000 gal. As the maximum demand of the plant for industrial water is estimated to be approximately 5,000,000 gal. per 24 hr., the reser- voir provides at least a five-day settling period for the raw river water. The water is carried from the reservoir to the serv- ice building in a reinforced-concrete flume, where the distributing pumps are located in a pump pit which insures a positive head for the pumps. Distribution is at 60 lb. pressure. As an additional precaution in the remote case that the spray pumps should fail to operate immediately, when the plate was placed in the spray pit for quenching, a standpipe 25 ft. by 100 ft. is being provided in the east court of the forge shop. —<-" == 2 BOS: cp * | eas a ‘ ' : tt ' ee He) a re ee a _%. ~ Te ‘ ! C . Ni Hees ' - it T § POETS Lal S Sections of Gun Treatment Building. The high portion has a } STEER Te | x reinforced-concrete pit 80 ft. square, 55 ft. deep and will con- , et a a ot tain a 10 x 105 ft. treatment furnace and a quenching tank | Se | S| | a . § 10 ft. in diameter and 105 ft. high. An elevator will carry the Bt] ne oa | t operator from the bottom of the pit to any one of the 10 gal- +h ; rr} eries in the 5 ft. height of the treatment-furnace structure. leri i he 105 ft. heigh f th t t-f t t ¥ The reinforced-concrete pit is unique in that no interior cross- --- —~-06 Cin Upper Cole ~~~ > bracing is used 1604 A separate city water system has been provided to supply water for drinking and lavatory purposes. This water will also be used for 2500-lb. pressure water at the hydraulic press and forging cranes. Sewage, waste water and, in certain cases, roof water, are gathered from branch systems into the trunk line which, along with the other distribution systems of the plant, including gas, water and electrical conduit, follows the general line of the main west road and the main railroad track across the upper dam and ulti- mately reaches an outfall several hundred feet below the river pump station. The trunk line is 24 in. in diameter. Compressed air is piped at 100 lb. pressure from the service building to the main buildings in a loop system, large quantities being used in the open-hearth, forge shop and machine shop, and also in the blacksmith shop, where air will be used to operate the hammers. A complete loop system is provided. Natural gas is obtained from the fields some miles away and will be delivered at the plant at 50 lb. pres- sure. A loop system is provided with reducer valves PITTSBURGH BASING CASE Arguments Ended Before Federal Trade Com- mission—Farmers’ Petition WASHINGTON, Dec. 14.—The request of the American Farm Bureau Federation for leave to intervene in the Pitttsburgh basing case before the Federal Trade Com- mission promises a delay in its determination. The commission has given Clifford Thorne, the attorney of the organization, 10 days in which to file a brief with directions to serve it on all the attorneys of record in the proceedings. The latter are then to have 10 days in which to file a reply. The following telegram from J. R. Howard, presi- dent of the American Farm Bureau Federation, was put in the records of the commission: “Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 2, 1920. The American Farm Bureau Federation in national convention with 1000 delegates from all parts of the United States, representing this organization of more than 1,000,000 farmers today unanimously passed the following reso- lution: ‘Whereas the maintenance of the Pittsburgh plus schedule of prices by the United States Steel Corpo- ration and other companies on rolled steel products is based on a fictitious freight cost or other arbitrary, regardless of the source of the raw product and regard- less of bona fide differences in cost specifically stated in the Clayton law thereby producing unjust discrimi- nations that hamper and retard the industrial develop- ment of the West and South along natural lines which constitutes our only protection against excessive prices on farm implements and machinery, therefore be it ‘Resolved that we earnestly petition the Federal Trade Commission to grant the applicants’ request for an investigation of said practices and that we may be permitted to intervene in such investigation as pro- vided by law.’” The arguments in the case were ended last Thursday by attorneys representing opponents of the basing sys- tem who made a final appeal to the commission to order the issuance of a complaint upon which an in- vestigation might be made preliminary to a decree prohibiting the continuation of the Pittsburgh basing system. H. G. Pickering, chief counsel for the West- ern Association of Rolled Steel Consumers, and Elliott Cheatham, attorney for the Southern fabricators, also replied to the arguments of the defenders of the Pitts- burgh base who had completed their arguments on Wednesday. Much of the latter’s argument was di- rected at the proposition that the provisions of the Clayton act against price discrimination should apply to the United States Steel Corporation, whether there was or was not collusion between the Corporation and the independents. On this phase of the case, Mr. Cheatham alleged it was immaterial whether the appli- eants had or had not shown collusion among the steel THE IRON AGE December 16, 1920 located at convenient points throughout the plant. The natural gas supply may be exhausted, it is believed, within the course of the next 10 years, and with this in view necessary provisions have been made for double checker chambers for the open-hearth furnaces in case producer gas must be resorted to. The use of pulverized coal as a fuel was also in mind when the foundations for the furnaces were designed. Space which was left for double checker chambers can be equally well used for ash baffles. Actual work for the construction of the plant began in the latter part of September, 1918, when ground was broken for temporary storage sheds. The construction work remaining to be completed consists chiefly of the distribution systems for the plant services, the concret- ing of the roads and the installation of lockers, toilets and offices. Bottoms should be burned in the open- hearth furnaces and the first armor ingots cast by the time this paper is presented. The majority of forge furnaces are now completed and the 14,000-ton press should be erected and in operation by the first of the year. producers. No decision is looked for before next year, and it would surprise no one if the decision of the commission were deferred to February. Steel Output Falls Off in November The production of steel ingots in the United States in November was 12.5 per cent less than in October, according to the statistics gathered by the American Iron and Steel Institute. Thirty companies which made 85.12 per cent of the steel ingot production in 1919 pro- duced 2,638,670 gross tons in November, against 3,015,- 982 tons in October. Estimating the production of the remaining companies on the same basis, the total pro- duction of ingots in November was 3,099,941 tons, or 119,208 tons per operating day, counting 26 working days, against an estimated October total of 3,543,212 tons, or 136,277 tons per operating day. In the table below the outputs of Bessemer and open- hearth works are separated. It will be noticed that Bessemer steel held up substantially to the October figures. There are no comparative figures for the month of November, 1919, as, on account of the steel strike, no monthly statistics were published last year after August: Ménthly Production of Steel Ingots by 30 Companies Which Produced About 85 Per Cent of Total in 1919—G@ross Tons Open Hearth Bessemer’ All Other Total January, 1919.... 2,351,153 749,346 7,279 3,107,778 February ceccse 25048,080 655,206 5,842 2,704,683 March cscesves apeee 555,332 6,405 2,662,265 EE Gis 6 hoo aard 1,732,447 500,770 6,494 2,239,711 Se: vy pute Geenue 1.506,015 414,392 8,617 1,929,024 GN Oe xes tk» 5028 1,692,257 521,634 5,328 2,219,219 eee 1,875,630 625,246 7,300 2,508,176 August “ps dves ce’ SEE 748,212 9,218 2,746,081 January, 1920.... 2,242,758 714,657 10,687 2,968,102 February 2,152,106 700,151 12,867 2,865,124 March Terre 795,164 16,640 3,299,049 Ame wisiccsccce See 668,952 13,017 2,638,305 NT ah we obese 6, 615,932 15,688 2,883,164 BNO scciownssss Ee 675,954 17,463 2,980,690 FURY! ccicvvccuccvn Behe oee 653,888 13,297 2,802,818 August ......... 2,899,645 695,003 5,784 3,000,432 September . 2,300,417 693,586 5,548 2,999,551 OetOper .ccsus . 2,005,863 676.634 8,485 3,015,982 November . 1,961,861 673,215 3,994 2,638,670 Pulverized Coal in Blast Furnaces Arrangements have been made by the Union Miniére du Haut-Katanga with the Garred-Cavers Corporation, for the use of its process whereby pulverized coal is used to replace coke in blast furnaces. The Union Miniére du Haut-Katanga has placed orders for a 42 in. Fuller mill and a Fuller-Kenyon pump for the coal preparation plant which will be used in connection with the process at the copper smelter in the Belgium-Congo. Licenses were secured from the Garred-Cavers Cor- poration some time ago by.the Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation, Peru; the International Nickel Co. and the Tennessee Copper Co., for the use of this process at various smelters. W. L. Wotherspoon, 43 Exchange Place, New York, is general manager of the Garred- Cavers Corporation. December 16, 1920 THE Taper Attachment for Cincinnati Boring Mills For turning and boring tapers approaching nearly a horizontal line to which swiveling the head is not adapt- able, the taper turning and boring attachment shown in the accompanying illustration on an 8-ft. mill has been designed by the Cincinnati Planer Co., Cincinnati, for use on all sizes of its boring mills from 42 in. up to 12 ft. The component parts such as sine bar supports, sine bar, and sine bar guide are all shown in the illus- tration. To provide up and down adjustment to the ram with- a a : | | heed Attachment for Turning and Boring Tapers Approaching Nearly a Hori- zontal Line, Mounted on Cincinnati 8-Ft. Mill out loosening the sine bar and thereby changing its position the faces of the rams are specially machined and fitted with a T-slot equal in length to the up and down travel. When mounting, the sine bar supports, sine bar guide, and sine bar are placed in position loosely and clamped securely in place after the proper angle has been determined. The power feed to the, ram is then disengaged by the small handwheel making it ready for operation. The attachment is intended for angles up to and including 18 deg. Liquid Fuel Regulating Valve With the ever increasing use of liquid fuels, the demand has been constant for some device that would make possible complete combustion at all times and under all conditions. The goal of those who have given this matter attention has been the proper mixture of air or steam with liquid fuel in the burner. The control of the air or steam apparently is simple, but the prob- lem has been, and still is, to control the liquid fuel supply to the burner, for the flow of the fuel must be regular and uniform in its viscosity. There are many types of liquid fuel which are found in an almost indefinite number of grades, but absolute uniformity is lacking. This condition necessitates the use of some sort of regulating valve which will compensate for the wide differences in the various fuels and deliver to the burner a constant flow of fuel of varying viscosity and only in sufficient quantity to secure complete com- bustion. A. V. Rigby, assistant general superintendent of the Farrell, Pa., works of the Carnegie Steel Co., has perfected a valve known as the Rigby liquid fuel regu- lating valve, which is the result of research and experi- mentation in an effort to efficiently burn the tar produced at the by-product coke plants of the Carnegie Steel Co. A company is in process of organization which will IRON AGE 1605 manufacture this valve, for which Bailey-Lewis, Inc., Bakewell Building, Pittsburgh, is the sales represen- tative. The vital feature of the valve is a triangular aper- ture in the valve seat, beveled back from the face, and a sliding shearing valve running in a groove cut in the face of the seat. As shown by the accompanying line drawing, the oil enters at the fuel inlet and passes down through the stop cock into the trap, where any sediment or heavy particles of fuel settle. The fuel then passes through the triangular opening in the valve seat to the burner. The valve slides across this triangular opening which is 1 in. long by % in. at its greatest width, this movement regulat- ing the flow of the fuel by the opening and closing of the aperture. The area of this %-in. orifice is 0.1023 sq. in., which is the approximate equivalent of a %-in. needle valve open 1/100 in. The passing of liquid fuel, although impos- sible through a needle valve, is possible in a Rigby valve due to the shape of the opening in the valve seat. Another advantage claimed for this valve is that it has its smallest aperture at the seat, where the fuel enters the tri- angular opening and is beveled off so that when the fuel passes through the aperture it must pass into the outlet for burning, whereas the needle valve has width to its seat which allows sediment and particles passing through the valve to impinge on the seat and close the valve. If sediment should lodge in the opening of the seat of the Rigby valve, it could be cleaned off by turning the handle of the valve which closes it. The stem of the valve is threaded so that one com- plete turn of the handle moves the valve 1/16 in. This operation immediately shears off the particles of sediment and pushes that part above the seat into the trap, the balance of the particle immedi- ately passing through the triangular opening when the valve again is opened. This opera- tion can be accomplished in a few seconds. The drop can be cleaned in a few minutes without stopping the des Fite A triangular aperture in the valve seat is a feature Rigby Liquid Fuel.Regulating Valve. flow of the fuel through the valve by turning the stop cock and removing the block. A lock nut arrangement makes it possible to set the valve for any quantity of fuel that is required. The Koppers Co., Pittsburgh, has distributed novel and instructive calendars, 13% x 28% in., on each sheet of which is a photograph of some Koppers by- product coke plant installation. On the last sheet are tables of useful data, such as on analyses and tests of coal and coke, typical analyses of gas from Koppers by-product coke ovens, characteristics of a typical by- product coke oven tar, and coke oven pitch, and proper- ties of blue water gas and coke producer gas. The photographs are clear and the width of the calendar. Closed Shop Principles Paramount’ Attitude and Policy of Labor Unions Dur- ing the War Described — False Philosophy Carried to Extremes by Gompers and Others that successful human relation, whether with indi- viduals or groups, however large or small, requires continuous personal contact. Whether the numbers under common management are few or many, they de- mand that management, through the person of the director or his deputies, shall, in the daily circumstance, maintain between employer and employee a bond of personal interest and sympathy. That sense of recip- rocal human interest you know and recognize to be essential. How to maintain it is a major consideration in every plant. Not only you, but the press and peri- odical literature, are alike deluged with the suggestions of the expert and the inexperienced. Mark Twain re- marked that anybody could run a newspaper. To-day the solution of labor problems attracts the same body of enthusiasts, many of whom regard their zeal as the only indispensable equipment. But it is to be seriously recognized that this “great universal problem,” as Carlyle termed it, is not merely holding the attention of the parties to the employment relationship. The 1: is a truth “as new as laughter and as old as tears” reactions of the conflict of industrial thought and action, have made it a foremost subject for premiers and parlia- ments. To a greater extent than ever, it has held the attention of our own Congress and, within a year, two National conferences, assembled by the President of the United States, have undertaken remedial sugges- tion. Common Code of Principles The last of these, deserving high respect because of its personal constituency, devoted the greater part of its recommendations to the establishment of nationwide mechanism for the adjustment and arbitration of indus- trial disputes, and distinguished authority has enun- ciated the plausible declaration that there is too much talk about principle and too little effort to bring em- ployer and employee together about the same table. There is doubtless much truth in the underlying sugges- tion, but I venture to remark, from the experience of civilization with the administration of ordered justice, that merely bringing litigants together establishes no code of law. All mediation, not less than final adjudi- cation, presupposes the existence of a common code of principle which measures the rights and duties of the parties litigant. It is with this thought in mind that I venture to outline to-day the nature and continuing existence of a case of industrial controversy which cannot be over- come by conciliation or mediation, for it represents an inevitable conflict of fundamental principle. No court of arbitration can determine it; no industrial board can adjudicate it, for neither boards nor courts establish the principles of government. They but apply and ad- minister them to the facts before them. A court with- out a law could find the standards of its justice only in the personal opinions of its judges, and these would vary not only in the individual but in his successors. Such a court, no matter what the nature of its contro- versy, would personify a government of men and not of law, and this is not less true of industrial contro- versies than of the administration of civil or criminal law. “Lock Step of Convicts” Nor is it true that it is sufficient for employer and employee to agree between themselves, individually or *Address delivered at convention of National Founders’ Association, New York, Nov. 17, 1920. +Counsel National Founders’ Association. BY JAMES A. EMERY+ collectively, regardless of the principle of agreement. The unhappy situation unfolding itself to the public gaze in the city of New York rests upon an agreement be- tween building trades employers and building trades unions, established and perpetuated with their feet under the same table and their joint hands in the same public pocket. It is the industrial peace of mutual con- cessions and agreement for joint extortion. Let us hope that when the facts are all known the conspiring em- ployers and employees may keep the lock step of fellow convicts. No court of industrial relations, however consti- tuted or wherever operated, can accomplish its task or receive the support of public opinion or authority unless the principles of adjudication correspond with the prin- ciples of the republic. This leads me to the primary proposition I hope to impress upon your attention, and that is that the closed union shop is the fundamental tenet and vital principle of the present philosophy of organized labor, and so long as it. remains such it tends to produce a condition of mind in the leadership and membership of the movement that assures a continuing conflict with the most vital principles of private right and political liberty inherent in this form of government. Which Will Surrender? If this be so, then I submit that either the principle of government must surrender to the philosophy or the philosophy to the principle of government. The two are in inevitable conflict and one or the other must dominate. To demonstrate the truth of this proposition, I pur- pose to present to you the open shop principle in its industrial and political aspect and then, from no sources of my own but from the recognized declarations of the Federation of Labor, I desire to offer you the evidence of the progress and growth of an attachment to the principle of the closed union shop and the apparent determination of its adherents to make it their domi- nant purpose subordinating to its security and expan- sion every other political and economic consideration. When I allude to the “open shop” I am not employing the phrase in what I may term its popular sense. The man on the street ordinarily understands by it a shop in which it is not necessary to belong to a union in order to secure employment. That widespread under- standing of the phrase is significant of the condition which gave it its primary popular meaning. But when I refer to it as a principle of employment rather than a mere policy, I use the phrase as a declaration against arbitrary discrimination authoritatively defined by the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission of 1902, and which received at that time the acquiescence, if not the ap- proval, not only of the parties to the controversy but the chief leaders of organized labor: That no person shall be refused employment, or in any way discriminated against, on account of membership or non-membership in any labor organization; and that there shall be no discrimination against, or interference with, any employee who is not a member of any labor organization, by members of such organization. The term “organization” as there used means a legi- timate organization. It obviously cannot mean one which teaches, stimulates or approves the violation of law as the means of attaining its ends or which advo- cates or practices resistance to the authority of govern- ment. For, as the commission said elsewhere in its report: A labor or other organization, whose purpose can only 1606 December 16, 1920 be accomplished by the violation of law and order of society, has no right to exist. President Roosevelt’s Famous Reply The report of the Anthracite Coal Strike Commis- sion was made to the President of the United States, approved by him and accepted by miners and operators, March 18, 1903. In the fall of that year, a circumstance arose which led to the first definite declaration of the faith and purpose of the Federation of Labor which brought it into conflict with the open shop principle of the commission. In September, 1903, one Miller was dismissed from the Government Printing Office upon the controlling ground that he was no longer a member of his union in good standing. Upon his appeal to the Civil Service Commission, he was restored to his posi- tion. Thereupon the executive committee of the Ameri- can Federation of Labor called upon President Roose- velt to insist that the Government discriminate in em- ployment in the public service against Miller because he was a non-union man. To this committee, Mr. Roose- velt made his now famous reply, on Sept. 29, 1903: In the employment and dismissal of men in the Gov- ernment service, I can no more recognize the fact that a man does or does not belong to a union as being for or against him than I can recognize the fact that he is a Protestant or a Catholic, a Jew or a Gentile, as being for or against him. Beginning of a Campaign Following the declaration of the President of the United States, the executive council of the Federation issued a proclamation which marks the beginning of the nationwide campaign to compel membership in a union as a prerequisite of employment. The executive com- mittee declared: The immortal Lincoln said: “This country cannot long remain half free and half slave.” So say we, that any establishment cannot long remain or be successfully oper- ated part union or part non-union. * * * The best in- terests of the labor movement call for the employment of union workers and discourage in every wa'y, shape or form the deteriorating effects which follow the recognition of the open shop. From the time of that announcement, the official literature of the trade union movement and its notable leaders, in speech and writing, undertake to vindicate the inevitable economic or physical, and, indeed, legal compulsion through which the monopoly of opportunity for employment could be alone maintained. Out of many, one typical and representative utterance may be used to express the general philosophy. The late John Mitchell, then president of the United Mine Workers and vice-president of and a member of the executive council of the American Federation of Labor, declared in the American Federationist for December, 1903: The unionist has a perfect legal and