The Iron Age 1920-10-07: Vol 106 Iss 15

THE IRON AGE New York, October 7, 1920 ESTABLISHED 1855 VOL. 106: No. 15 ig cK Ig ae es DB. a ii New Blast Furnaces of Replogle Steel Co. Important Addition to New Jersey’s Iron Indus- Large Ore Development at Wharton, With t ry Increased Output of Magnetic Concentrates EW importance has attached to Eastern steel were in operation for the early 1900's, but from 1911 N plant developments in the past decade, quite the entire plant was idle until the latter part of apart from the various projects for blast fur- 1916, when all the Wharton property was acquired naces and steel works in New York harbor based’ by J. Leonard Replogle and associates. In the re on Adirondack and New Jersey ores or the alter- mainder of the war period the furnaces were active native proposal for a steel plant at Newport News producers of pig iron. On Oct. 30, 1919, the based on West Virginia coke and Cuban ore. In all Replogle Steel Co. was incorporated. As a holding plans that have been discussed in the past company it owns the Wharton Steel Co. in its 25 years for the building of a greater steel 4 entirety, as well as the Wharton & Northern industry east of the Alleghenies the im- al Railroad Co. It was decided to replace the portation of Cuban or South American "ab blast furnaces by a new plant and in the past ores, or a large use of Lake Cham- t i ten months the work has plain and New Jersey concentrates, been under way. The has figured prominently. Ores = Ke = — aN oe... 2 old No. 1 furnace, the from both the last named districts — } - — r re 2 - smallest of the three, have long been familiar to the iron +f & i was razed to make room trade, but only in the past few i “ fortheexpansion years have the extent and value | ant . an 7) planned, and the two of these Eastern magnetites been | { 7 Wy new furnaces, on new appreciated or their significance | : pit NX foundations, occupy the a a guaranty of long life to an ] ) \ NI | sites of the old Nos. / > ; : ‘Liv Yl ~ ‘ ‘ re 57 : f ° ' enterprise built upon them. Their | a ’ Sy and 3 which were taken Importance to the Eastern iron ({ + down. and steel industry has been ac a The accompanying centuated very lately by the sharp i ' drawings and half-tone advance in the cost of transporting t i views give a good idea lake Superior ores to the yy of the magnitude of the Fast. work that has been under _At Wharton, N. J., two way and are suggestive iles from Dover, which is 40 of what the future has miles from New York harbor, in store in the carrying wo modern blast furnaces 0 out of the plans of the re hearing completion. owners, the new fur hich mark one of th naces, ore handling and — forward steps auxiliary plant involving at have been taken it a 2 an outlay of about $3,- € utilization of East all Sn 000,000. This article magnetite and at the Fail i 7 : will take up first the me time point to the aaa blast furnace plant and tablishn ent a new : 4 LA afterward the extensive ace lor New Jersey jy 4 ed . new iron mining and ts a t of iron - e = concentrating operations, eel > Whartor Sf SOMO 1 ertehapeyscpnty which will make con- ( ler the 77, ’ A. tinuously available for nership ne late Y Pe ee the blast furnaces a eph Wi >. as ae .e steady supply of iron ore ce iced pig : of high quality in a form 4 Abe « mining , oh 3° ei eens Lepper insuring regular and cas ng the ee gee. Pe ve effective furnace Oper- a. Sl i i a ee _. ation. The illustfations and bosh anale are noteworth show two furnaces nearly 895 : — we yey caren rid sey 4 EL OE I NT CT on ps SEE ii Cc . 896 THE IRON AGE October 7, 1929 : = s . ‘ — =< 7 \ _ y ‘ > > " | B | OWING 7 b L £ \ — ENGINE j j [ BOIT FR HOUSF | - F 4 uC US A 5 . : | : ; “wey {BOILERS K SS : ’, , Ke HOUSE 1 h yV / [ SE ; + é = J Y) OV : ; Fina 2 stca¥ch Me | S S \ "6a * 7 ———— tock Bir nos ‘ ; ( K ¥ . ) > O £ YARD See ss { { 1 { { { { 1 { = a = Canal SS \ Morrts —S= = \\ . ce nn! Plan of Replogle Steel Co.’s Blast Furnaces at WI completed and the space that already has been _ the ore yard level to the bottom of the gra allotted for the two furnaces to be built when the Storage room is provided for 283,000 tons of ore plans of the management for a steel plant are car- Flexibility in the handling and use of ore ried out. The furnace site, including ore yard, slag dump and all the ground occupied by auxiliary plant, takes up 100 acres, about half of it being slag dumping ground. The plan view shows the relation the ore trestle to the ore yard and of the stock bins to the furnace. There are 20 stock bins for each stack and the two coke bins hold 400 tons each. The trestle for incoming ore is 800 ft. long. The ore bins are made with iron bottoms and 3-in. hardwood sides. As will be seen, the ore yard, which is 603 ft. long, is flanked by the trestle for ore that is stocked and on the other side by the bins into which ore for immediate use is unloaded from drop-bottom cars. There was a bin system for ore in the original furnace plant and these bins being rebuilt and modernized. From the coke bins the coke discharges into a skip car. The ore bridge has a travel of 600 ft. and has a 160-ft. span, of are with an overhang on View of Furnaces and ae > ee @ the Southwest Corne: the bin side of 68 ft. : ee : It is 58 ft. 6 in. from secured by the arrangement of tracks and trestles Incoming ore, if it is to be stocked in the ore yard is carried over the ore dumping track shown on th south side of the furnace property and on to a new concrete-steel trestle 600 ft. long. From this it dropped to the yard, thence to be taken up later the ore bridge and deposited on the proper stock | Such of the concentrates from the Replogle min are to be converted into sinter (probably 25 per: will be sintered) will be unloaded into storage adjacent to the sintering equipment at the west proach to the furnaces and ore yard. Concentr brought from the mines are handled operated side-dump cars and the unloading furnaces, whether at bin system, sintering plant storage vard, invalves only the labor of the crew. Already upwards of 30,000 tons Sto i rake Sept. 15, 1920, Looking N« he Ore Yard. Concrete-steel unloading 0) er ‘t 1920 FIREBRICK STORAGE THE IRON AGE —.. 2 \ 1 4 4 e4 re Fd j L fi I secti \ fr tl I fi I rn entral ube be g I vided ke f 8B 897 => % Y= Ve \= Mil c Po ~ oe = \ : A ’ : —. ry »® \ Morris\S \ Canal\\~ \ f a» 7 } + ; + ; - yr 1) F = | 7 2 aa # Sea! | q } f wv } : ‘ ot } ; THE IRON AGE Octobe) 7 Qj trates have been stocked a: naces. The sintering plant now ling consists of two double-strand Dwich and Lloyd machines with of 900 tons of sinter per da dust, of which there is a . accumulation from the ope) the old furnaces, will also through the sintering From the Dwight and |] the cars of sintered ore y switched to the trestle trac} stocked, or to the tracks traversi; the bin system, if intended fo rent consumption. Blast Furnaces The new furnaces are 90 ft with a diameter of 21 ft. 6 iy bosh, 17 ft. 6 in. in the crucible a 16 ft. 10 in. at the stock line. Th are rated at 500 tons per day In conformity with the latest ; tice, the bosh angle is 79 deg. 13 n and in other respects the desig: for the most advantageou magnetic concentrates. The fur tops are of the McKee revolving t Departing from the usual constr tion, the cylinders operating the bells are on the cast house level. Ther are steam engines for the skip hoist and instead of being back of the skip incline, as in the old plant, they ar located in front of the furnaces The furnaces are provided wit! quick closing valves, so that eithe can be isolated in case of emerg¢ The four Roberts stoves f furnace are 22x100 ft., of the pass type, with side chamber. They are equippe short flame burners. New houses are being built, the flo ing raised 7 ft. to accommodat large new hot metal and cinder -three self-dumping hot metal of the mixer type with a capacit 100 tons each and five self-clea! cinder ladles of 330 cu. ft. capa Two pig casting machines of t! conveyor type are being !ns le Nl Gas Washer Yn nett From the furnace to four gas outlets leading downcomer. The constructio! dust catcher and gas cieane! their arrangement are shown accompanying drawings. | F cleaner is a modification 0! the Ba man type and can be Op rated or dry. It is of similar struction to that of and is of the same diamete 25 ft. For wet cleaning struction has some ul The gases come from ' , to the cleaner on a tange®’ © ; pinge on a sheet —_ over the surface 0! tic" shell. The dirt taken uF ; water is trappec a ni i fi 4 Y17S7 ne au e per 7, 1920 chamber. The central tube, h the cleaned gas passes and -hich it is taken off, is 11 ft. gh and narrows from a dia- f 15 ft. 6 in. at the top to 1. at the bottom. Power Plant are 20 350-hp. Stirling ill of which are being repiped set and equipped with short owing equipment Throughout the plant being repiped. ; consists of irners. lines are ithwark horizontal cross com- fitted with plate with capacity of 100,000 cu. e air per minute. To suppl) onal power needed for the nd the sintering plant, a direct cross-compound engine is led. The pumping equip sists of three 1,500,000-gal. 1,000,000-gal. pumps. The from which is drawn the vater supply is fed by a the company’s Hurd engines, venerator connected rom the water being the overflow that property. expenditure of $100,000 is be le at the company’s limestons at Ogdensburg, N. distant from the J., about furnaces The Replogle Mine Wharton Steel Co. owns in ple 5000 acres of mineral lands an ore zone of 12 miles in from the Hibernia mine on the to the Dickerson mine on the representing some 29 mining addition to mining further extensive acreage. mine, which was the irce of supply of the original Steel produced ore for rges of Revolutionary times. itput has about 6,- of ore from an unbroken o00 lineal ft. in extent and been carried on for a 100 ft. It is expected that mine will be reopened At present the mine eration is known as the { but 1.3 miles e plant. It was form- the Scrub Oaks. This rked for a good many es in ernla eel Co., been from a series of pen pits and surface een idle from 1881 of 1917. At that on Steel Co. began and in the inter- nas peen 41) Wa'\ my diamond l extent of 8000 ft. epth of 1250 ft. The large lens which g. east, dips 55 ches 18 deg. to rhe holes put down nave shown ore at than has been proved pit THE ~~ IRON AGE ‘ > v v ( j > . v ¥ 3 Te 3) C ) — =< — a < - ——_—___—_J ¥ oo, ? v < Y v > > D - ys l CS r Classifier I g > . Fe ¥ Ne ~ oO < — ‘ ~ - Vv ‘¥ - ww > Y 7 a no < 7 : jf « v \\ ( w } i | 1 > | n 7 somite L saa . ) = — ——w eS ; a ¥ + +! i | Vetted sl om - Lue v Y v Y < | “ + . | SD — — - | | | ly be > > he ¥ : + a P ~ — y v v vY ¥ ¥ < y Y Y y Y v t A y y I A v } ty | } “ | « v y . > —— — me > he > 4 < v Couc -S > + < + . \ A ya 4 ¥y } Ye | | | + } ’ . | | , > , nemeeagill )) = =e = +O) saensialatlal Sih ~~ is — Or > > a + sh 7 j : ¥ ’ I Vag $y ee Pump Di Te Muddy | | Water Tank eS ' Tank Overflew end Sand to Warte eeemrey ™ 900 elsewhere. The work done since the present owners acquired the property has indicated the existence of 27,000,000 tons of ore. In reporting on these mines in 1919 the late James Gayley expressed the opinion that “the Wharton properties contain 100,000,000 tons of ore as of to-day’”’ and added that “no knows what the ore range will ultimately produce as mining from horizon to horizon at greater depth and with a possible enrichment depth increases.” one progresses as Mining is carried on by overhand shrinkage stop- ing, the ore being drawn into cars in chute holes 40 ft. apart. Access to the stopes, which in places reach a width of 100 ft., is gained through pro- tected manway raises. The chute nected by inclined raises, leaving pillars protecting the 7 x 9 drift. Way raises are con- wedge shaped Protected man- raises are driven at 400 ft. intervals. All ore is now hoisted through No. 1 shaft, which has four compartments, 6 x 6-ft. each in the clear. The development of shaft No. 2 has recently reached the second level, 500 ft. down, at which point the two shafts are being connected. The equip- ment at No. 1 shaft is being replaced by a new double-drum electric hoist, handling 5-ton skips in balance, with a rope speed of 800 ft. per minute, giving a capacity of 150 to 200 tons per hour. A new single drum d.c. hoist will serve the third com- partment, handling a man car with a capacity of 20 This equipment also handles supplies, leaving the skip compartments for the hoisting of ore only. At the first level, 232 ft. down, the been opened by a drift 2500 ft. in length, equipped with electric haulage, battery-type locomotive, han- dling 10 car trains for which side dump cars of 5- tons capacity ordered to replace the 21%-ton cars which dump into a 400-ton ore pockei 90 ft. the level. From this pocket the ore flows directly into 5-ton skips, dumping into an ore bin at the headframe above the crushing plant. At the second level, 500 ft., a 30 x 42-in. motor driven jaw crusher will be installed in order to feed into the shaft pocket material crushed to 8-in. size before hoisting. This will obviate the expense of sub-level work and block holing to a great extent. Other deposits will be opened to give the variety of ores necessary to make Bessemer, basic, foundry, malleable and low-phosphorus irons, and additional milling facilities will be added so as to double the preduction men mine has have been helow present ore | THE IRON AGE Octobe; \D() Concentrating Plant In the fall of 1918 a crushing and centrating plant were built at the Rep! This year a wet mill in eight units was ; referring to the accompanying flow she can be traced to the crushing plant, mag and wet mill. For dry concentration Ba mills are used. About 30 per cent of the tent of the ore is recovered by the wet construction was decided upon in view of mingling of a certain amount of non-mag in the deposit. The present production at the Replogk about 900 tons of crude ore per day (two 8-hour shifts) and with a ratio of concentration of 2 to } there is an output of about 450 tons of concentrat per day. With the installation of a new pur tem now about completed for water return. j expected that the mine production will be increa to 2000 tons of crude ore per day, giving 1000 tons of 60 per cent iron concentrate. The crude ore averages 36 per cent iron. Th concentrates produced in the first eight months of 1920 have averaged 60.18 per cent metallic 13.20 per cent silica and 0.032 per cent phosp! ser Wharton & Northern Railroad the company, the common carrier, having 2 miles of main track extending from Whart to Green Pond ; The railroad of Northern, is a W hart & Junction, N. J. [This road serves the army and navy arsenal at Picatinny) and also has an extensive cross-over business raw material with three important lines. It con nects at Wharton with the D., L. & W. Railroad, at Wharton and Lake Junction with the Central Railroad of New Jersey and at Green Pond Junction with the Erie Railroad. There is also a trackage agreement with the Central Railroad of New Jerse} for the operation of trains between Lake Junct and Hopateong Junction and in this way th furnaces are connected with the Replogle mine. cluded in the equipment of the Wharton & Northe! are 10 locomotives, 22 steel ore cars of 100,000 capacity, 3 pan cars, 1 caboose and 2 flat cars road has under rental 30 automatic side dump cars ine Personnel J. Leonard ‘Replogle is chairman of the boa! 1 and Stoves as of Sept from the South Furnaces Taken Side ee >) et F I Beil r 7, 1920 THE IRON AGE 901 of the Replogle Steel Co., and W. H. is president of the Replogle Steel Co. and Vharton Steel Co. L. P. Ross is vice-presi- the Wharton Steel Co., in charge of blast struction and operation. H. J. Briney superintendent. A. B. Menefee is super- f mines. Pilling & Crane, Philadelphia, BRASS FOUNDRY MOLDING Machines Used for Jobbing Work by Vickers, Ltd. machinery for jobbing work is successfully yrass foundry of Vickers, Ltd., Barrow-in- England, according to H. B. Weeks in a paper re the recent meeting of the Institute of e output of jobbing work treated in mold- has been, he says, 75 per cent higher than the floor. tern plate is provided with means for indi- orrect position that each pattern is to oc- , such as a series of openings or dowel dowel holes may have index numbers and predetermined distances part over the the pattern plate. The patterns may be th means for indicating the correct position ire to occupy on the pattern plate, such as e openings or dowel holes for receiving the ch secure the patterns in position on the ts for this pattern plate were taken out ro DY Vickers, Ltd. Vickers brass foundry about 80 tons of brass vere turned out per week. From August, November, 1918, two million brass castings d. Some idea of the proportions of the ar program may be realized by the state- ne period well over 1200 castings were each day for seven days a week. tal-melting plant consists of two 7-ton and erberatory furnaces, and 44 crucible fires, pacity being 42 tons per day metal output. aces are charged in part with briquets, ympressed by hydraulic pressure, and which | of turnings and borings of every descrip- n Of brass. . pecial alloys was a “high-strength brass” ‘) type containing 2 per cent of nickel and cent of manganese, formerly called man- The tests from sand-castings gave 15 1D.) per sq. in. yield, 32-36 tons (71,500 to er sq. in. tensile with not less than 15 per 2 in. This material was somewhat owever, which was the cause of further being made to produce a bronze of richer eh this was successfully accomplished, it ngly difficult to meet the Government igher strength and yield point without ficial cooling of the test-bar. that such tests did not represent any isting, other mixtures were experi- one was obtained which fulfilled all juirements from a bar cut from any ting. There is now no difficulty, Mr. obtaining from such a casting 20 id, 40 tons per sq. in. ultimate tensile, elongation on 2 in. al alloy manufactured, known as ‘tal, which has the appearance of Ger- been found of value in cases where re- nis essential. This also has a yield in., an ultimate tensile of not less in., with about 10 per cent elonga- proved of utmost service for parts heir engine fittings. castings made during the five years period was as follows: ‘ast'ngs from brass foundry, 16,886 casting 23% gross tons; smallest on } i + have been appointed selling agents for the furnace product, which will consist principally of steel- making and foundry irons. The present expectation is to have the first of the new furnaces in operation by Dec. 15, 1920, and the second will probably follow early in the new year. ‘asting, 1 oz.; total average of rejections for the five years, 3 per cent. Survey of Scrap Exporting A survey of iron and steel scrap conditions in Great Britain, France, Switzerland and Italy has been made by M. L. Tyroler, New York district manager Luria Brothers & Co., Woolworth Building, New York, who returned on the Aquitania on Sept. 17. He is im- pressed particularly by the difficulty for Americans of carrying on export business at this time. A few months ago Great Britain consumers purchased much heavy melting steel from American brokers. Since then the market price has declined considerably, both here and in England, with the result that British purchasers are disappointed with their contracts and are taking many means to avoid and cancel them. Accordingly they are rejecting shipments on the least provocation. A half dozen American brokers have recently canvassed the foreign fields and have been so active as to cause a cer- tain amount of jealousy and ill feeling on the part of local brokers and dealers. The condition of foreign ex- change is another detriment to scrap exports. France is not allowing its scrap to be shipped out of the country. Much war scrap still remains ungathered, Mr. Tyroler having seen miles of military barbed wire still standing on the battlefields. Industrially, Great Britain is much better off than France. In the latter country, the fuel shortage is evident on every hand. The main streets of Paris are lighted most dingily and store windows are in darkness. The trains in France are heavily loaded with the less cultured classes, made well-to-do by the war industries, and because of the crowded conditions are very insanitary. Owners of Steel Common There now are 90,952 persons who own United States Steel common stock, according to the totals made up by the transfer office on the closing of the books Aug. 30 for the last quarterly dividend. This is a new high record as compared with 87,229 stockholders as shown by the books in June last. The average hold- ing of the stock is less than 56 shares. The number of Steel common stockholders has doubled in the last three years. The majority hold the stock purely for investment. New Temperature Conversion Chart Sauveur & Boylston, Cambridge, Mass., has issued a temperature conversion table by Prof. Albert Sauveur which has several unique features which render it con- venient and practical. It is printed in two colors which facilitate the reading of Centigrade or Fahrenheit figures. The August income of the Stee] & Tube Co. of Amer- ica was $1,420,598, the net income was $974,373, and the surplus for depreciation and common stock, $872,289. Net earnings for the eight months ended Aug. 31 last were $7,266,914, which, after allowing for the preferred dividend requirements, is equal to $6.64 per share on the common stock. According to present plans, the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. will have no funded debt after Oct. 1, bond- holders having been notified that the issues maturing in 1921 and 1922 will be anticipated. After making the usual deductions for taxes, depre- ciation, ete., the Gulf States Steel Co. showed net earn- ings of $92,482 in August, as against $98,040 in July. gente “Oe wenn sertityatntet im arenes ane ve Na ly i i A AO ELL ALA LAR A MEA AY New 20-in. Slotting Machine A slotting machine designed with a view to meet the modern practice with the use of high speed tool steels has recently been placed on the market by the Jones Machine Tool Works, Media and Edgewood streets, West Philadelphia. The construction and proportions are such as to provide for the machining of heavy work. The machine is made with single pulley drive and is furnished with two speed countershaft or direct connected to a constant or variable speed motor of 10 hp. It has four change speeds, ranging from 8 to 16 strokes per min. for constant speed motor and 8 to 42 strokes per min. for variable speed motor or two speed countershaft. Drive is by a friction clutch, and there is a brake for stopping the ram. The clutch, which is engaged by a handle, can be operated from either side of the machine, and drives the change speed shaft, whereon are mounted four steel sliding gears. These gears are Convenience Handle ments ana of Cont Arrange Safety Are Emphasized for Jones 20-In Slot ting Machine Features into with brought driving shaft by hand lever. the driving shaft is a steel pinion which engages the steel gears on the Mounted on the end of engagement bull gear wherein the quick return mechanism is mounted, which is flooded with oil. The ram and crank drive mechanism follow the customary design with the exception of improvements in the link connecting the counterweight and ram. The the saddle, cross-slide and circular table, are of the customary intermittent ratchet feed feeds for type, and a studied attempt has been made to put all the operation handles within easy reach of the operator. For convenience these handles are dupli- cated on the opposite side of the machine. Of the two lower handles shown in the accompany- ing illustration, one starts and stops the feeds on the saddle and the other operates the clutch starting and stopping the feed on the cross-slide and circular table. The location of these handles, it is pointed out, makes it possible to start and stop the feeds instantly. A quick traverse by power for the saddle cross- slide and circular table has been incorporated. The gears accomplishing this are driven by a belt from the main clutch shaft and are located in a traverse gear box, located in line with the main feed shaft. The main clutch for operating the ram does not have to be thrown in to operate the quick traverse. It is pointed out that the use of a belt for driving the quick traverse box provides for safety in case the saddle, cross-slide, or circular table should come in contact with any ob- struction or to the end of their respective travels. To rotate the feed shaft it is necessary to hold the operating handle in a forward or reverse position as it becomes neutral when released. The cross-slide feed screw and circular table worm THE IRON AGE Octobs r 7, 192 shaft have small toothed clutches which by handle so that when one clutch is in w tion the other clutch becomes idle, making to engage both clutches simultaneously. The circular table is graduated on its p: is equipped with an indexing mechanism. of advantage to the operator for accurate] teeth on large gears or any other work t} quire spacing to any angle or fraction ther Synchronous Motor Drives Pump Throu Magnetic Clutch Synchronous motors are in use by steel mills. { dries and iron works for driving pumps, and other loads requiring a constant and necessitating infrequent starting and st Because of its low starting torque this type must be brought up to speed before it is ted the load. After the motor reaches synchronous spe clutch between the motor and the load | bringing the pump or fan up to speed. The illustration shows a synchronous mot sta tion in the Petroleum Iron Works, Sharon, Pa. 1 motor is rated at 150 hp. and receives power f 2200-volt 3-phase supply line. A reciprocating pun for an accumulator comprises the load, and the motor through a reduction gear. shaft of the motor is installed a Cutler Hammer netic clutch, which consists of a circular armatu member and a field member, a small air gap separatir the two. Each member is carried on a spring stee plate, which holds the friction faces out of engagement until the clutch is magnetized. Upon the passage of current through the winding of the field member, the armature is attracted to it, engaging the friction su pressors pping S engage IS driver! On the armatur Clutch on 150-Hp. Motor Driving Pump for an Accumulat Magnetic faces. This is accomplished through the spring steel plates, there being clutch parts along the shaft. The clutch shown in the illustravion diameter and has a maximum torque 6! “— : radius. The energizing current requ! is so small that it may be taken fr the motor, or from any other direct i : ; .<’ Association Meeting of National Founders’ Ass The twenty-fourth annual conver ti Founders’ Association will be nee New York, Wednesday and Thursday, American Electrochemical Society The Self-Baking Electrode in America—Electric at Fall in Cleveland—Montana Electric Ferromanganese Furnace Problems y, particularly in reference to the electric fur- ce, were discussed at the thirty-eighth gen- ting of the’ American Electrochemical Society, Cleveland Sept. 30 to Oct. 2. During the three eting, the mornings were devoted to technical and afternoons to visits to various industrial The opening ‘and closing technical sessions | at the Statler Hotel and Friday’s session at School of Applied Science. During the business sessions it was announced that -endum vote on the adoption of the metric sys- the exclusive system of weights and measures suntry showed that 484 members favored this and 105 were opposed to it. Atlantic City was as the place for holding the Spring meeting 21. Should the society be unable to make suit- rrangements for a meeting there, Hot Springs, vas named as second choice. An expression of nt was taken from the members in regard to he recently organized Federation of American gineering Societies and those in favor were in a minority. \ \RIOUS matters of interest to the steel indus- Heat Losses Through Electrodes W. Richards of Lehigh University, tary of the society, presented a paper on “Heat Through Electrodes of a Six-Ton Heroult Fur- overing work done under his direction, the being prepared by M. R. Wolfe and V. de Wy- f Lehigh University. The furnace investigated » at the plant of William J. Wharton, Jr., & Co., Easton, Pa., and the problem undertaken was to termine the heat loss of electrodes under actual rking conditions: To measure the temperature a nermocouple of nickel and iron wire was used, the end eing twisted and fused together ard connected with the voltmeter. The furnace had three electrodes, each entimeters in diameter, and each was _ provided water-cooled ring immediately above its exit trough the roof of the furnace and also with a waier- connection at varying distances above the roof furnace. Tests of these electrodes determining rof. Joseph » vill ; Ole ‘mount of water supplied to each, and its rise in rature, made it possible to calculate the electric "gy represented by the heat in cooling water used ch electrode. The total heat in the cooling water th e was shown to be 123.1 kw., and as 650 supplied for the furnace, the total electrode ‘ Was 18.7 per cent of the power used. irna AW. Was — paper brought out considerable discussion. \. J. FitzGerald, FitzGerald Laboratories, Niagara isked if it was fair to call the losses that entirely electrode losses, and expressed a certain amount of the heat that was Bs ibtdly coming by induction through the ind from the electrode, and should not be losses. Dr. Carl Hering, consulting en- phia, expressed regret that further data { that would permit of making deduc- rodes in other sizes. He stated that the ted considerably above the upper water that unless that ring cools the elec- nperature of the air there will be fur- the upper ring, which is not accounted ts. Consequently, the loss might be *.« per cent. Robert Turnbull, consult- Welland, Ont., stated that the cooling led to cool the roof and not the elec- the main losses in temperature come rather than from the electrodes, only the temperature loss being from Mm Se Discussed 90 Meeting the electrode. He thought the paper would be better named were it called “Losses Caused by Passing of Heat Through the Roof of an Electric Furnace,” be- cause if the electrode did not come through the roof there would be no Professor Richards re- marked that the cooling losses were losses on the rings and not on the electrodes themselves. losses. Heat Content in Electric Steel and Slag “The Heat Content of Steel and Slag from an Elec- tric Furnace” was the subject of a paper prepared by A. M. Kuhlmann and A. D. Spillman and submitted by Professor Richards. Calorimetric determinations of the heat contained in liquid steel and liquid slag were made in connection with a 6-ton Heroult furnace mak ing steel castings. The calorimeter was a galvanized iron bucket insulated on the outside with a single layer of asbestos. For measuring the temperatures a Fery radiation pyrometer was used for the high tempera- tures and either a platinum-iridium thermocouple or a platinum resistance pyrometer for the lower tempera- tures. In discussing this paper Dr. Hering said that if molten steel is dropped in water there is a lot of steam generated which is a setting free of latent heat. Con. sequently he thought there would be considerable error in using a water calorimeter for such high tempera- ture material. He suggested that it would be better to use a crucible of lead in the calorimeter and pour the molten steel into the lead and then measure the total heat absorbed, first in the lead and then in the water. Walter S. Landis, American Cyanamid Co., New York, the chairman, said that there were a num- ber of things in the paper that would require clear- ing up. Some of these were questions of temperature. He noticed that a radiation pyrometer was used for measuring the high temperature and said that this type of pyrometer is usually sufficient around a steel plant but when it comes to scientific data it has many cor- rections which render its readings doubtful for exact work. Professor Richards said he had made tests which showed that the heat loss from pouring slag into water is small, but thought the temperatures given of slag in a solid state were too low and said this belief was confirmed by the fact that other data in the report showed 476 and 520.5 cal. were found in the slag in a liquid state. Specialized Refractories “The Physical Characteristics of Specialized fractories” was the subject of a paper prepared by M. A. Hartmann, director of the research laboratory of the Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y., and by A. P. Sullivan and D. E. Allen, research chemists of that company. This paper brought out the results of tests of the electrical resistivities of nine commercially used refractory materials at temperatures up to 1500 deg. C. Measurements were taken while heating up slowly and while cooling down slowly, the thermocouple measuring the temperature being outside the specimens. The amount of temperature lag thus involved was ap- proximately determined. It was pointed out that the results are necessarily only approximate, but show the relative resistivities of the different materials and the general order of magnitude of their resistivities up to 1500 deg. C. The refractories test included silica, chrome, magnesia, and fire clay bricks. In a discussion of this paper, Mr. FitzGerald said that the data obtained was valuable to furnace men, if reliable. Dr. C. G. Finck, New York, asked Mr. Hart- Re- mann if he had made a chemical analysis of the brick. He declared the paper was a valuable one and an im- Mr. portant opening wedge to a very vital subject. 3 pretreated * ® ae oe ere ee ee tre! one em et Neer ee ont et NO iy cory = A nO AEA AIEEE COOP sth atin tal BD 904 Landis also said the paper introduced an important topic, but remarked that very different results would be obtained from tests of refractories that had been used for a week or two, as compared with new brick. Another speaker regretted that only one specimen of kind of refractory had been taken and hoped that the writers of the paper would continue their work, using other specimens. It was also suggested that the society appoint a committee to outline data to be se- cured, as this would enhance the value of work along this line. Richards said that from materials available results can be secured, but not general laws. Value would be added to the investigation were analyses of the brick given. He declared that what was most desired was the final resistivities of refractories. He would take the samples and use them a week and get final that would be applicable to the furnace in its operating condition. each Professor results Nickel Resistors F. A. J. FitzGerald and Grant C. Moyer, FitzGerald Laboratories, presented a paper on “Deterioration of Nickel Resistors.” This included a record of attempts to use pure nickel wire as a furnace resistor in place of nichrome wire. The nickel wire was found to have be- come brittle and to break easily. The cause of this was found to be the absorption of sulphur. It was stated that when sulphur was absent from materials with which the wire is in contact and from the atmo- sphere of the furnace, pure nickel wire is a good substi- tute for nichrome resistors. During a brief discussion of this paper it was stated that the brittleness of the nickel may be overcome by the addition of under 3 per cent chromium, and that the addition of manganese and some other metals has the same general effect. Soderberg Self-Baking Electrode Considerable interest was taken in a paper on “The Séderberg Electrode; First American Installation,” by Professor Richards. This included a description of a 3-phase installation of the Sdderberg continuous baking elect 32 in. in diameter, that have been used July 2 in an 1800 kw. electric furnace in making ferromanganese at the Anniston, Ala., plant of the Southern Manganese Corporation, being introduced into this country from Norway. Professor Richards said that the results of the operation of this furnace prove various advantages of the Séderberg electrode, includ- ing continuity of operation as far as the electrodes are concerned, smaller consumption of electrode carbon per given power supplied to the furnace, lower cost of elec- trode, lower power losses in the electrodes and greater regularity of running the furnace. The Séderberg electrode was introduced into this country at the Anniston plant by “Elektrokemisk In- dustri” of Christiania, Norway, and referring to this installation Professor Richards said: “Theodore Swann, president of the Southern Manganese Corpor- ation, has recognized the great possibilities of this elec- trode and has become the pioneer of its introduction into America. Other electric furnace plants will un- doubtedly quickly follow his lead as soon as their mana- gers realize the great advance which it marks in elec- tric furnace operation.” A description of a Norwegian installation was published in THE IRon Ace, April 22, 1920. . Professor Richards supplied some late data regard- ing the operation of the furnace not contained in his paper. He said that during 28 days in August the furnace was shut down only 13 min. on account of the electrodes themselves. The consumption of carbon dur- ing that period was 14.02 lb. per 1000 kw. hr., and the cost was 4.012c. per lb. of electrode, including the license. The cost, he said, would be reduced when this electrode is used in other furnaces in the plant. Mr. Turnbull, in the discussion, said that he had made a test of American electrodes, putting three elec- trodes on a single phase and found that the electrode consumption was 11.06 lb. per 1000 hw. hr. He de- clared he would not use the Séderberg electrode until further convinced of its advantage. A question was raised as to the resistivity of this electrode. Mr. self- rodes since Landis replied that the current was carried in a cast- THE IRON AGE Octul ¢ L920 iron jacket and the resistivity made no diff Mr Landis regretted that the first installat electrodes had been made in the South, ay from other electric furnace installations, had been placed in a furnace that is hard electric furnace work, and, consequently would take a long time to get very definit: this furnace. Professor Richards believed that the the use of Séderberg electrodes would be compared with the baked electrode. Furth discussion he stated that he had just receiy this electrode has recently been placed in a Heroult tilting type furnace in the Stavano Stes Works, in Norway and that the electrode was provi so successful that the plant intends to use them j; of its furnaces. He presumed that a spare electrode js provided and that this is used when one of the other electrodes has to be taken out to be lengthened and tha the old electrode is placed in sand and a new section casing is welded on and the electrode mixture is ¢ tapped in. He believed this plan would work out cessfully in electric furnace practice and would disp any misgivings that might be had as to the use + of 1 electrode in tilting type furnaces for the ing steel. At the Anniston plant he said the electrod lowered into the furnace with the current on. Att plant there had only been one slip in lowering the « trode and that was when the workmen were showi! some new employees how to handle it and eased up t melting far on the screws and allowed the electrode to slip the furnace. Electric Ferromanganese in Montana A paper prepared by E. S. Bardwell, metallurgis Anaconda Copper Mining Co., on “Electric Smelting Montana Manganese Ores” was submitted. The aut! described the electric furnace plant built by his com pany in 1918, their electrode holders and the operat of the furnaces. Effect of Certain Metals on Corrosion E. A. Richardson and L. T. Richardson, “ na Lamp Works, General Electric Co., Cleveland, pre sented a paper on “The Influence of Copper, Mang ga and Chromium and Some of Their Combinations Atmospheric Corrosion of Iron and Steel.” Va tests were referred to and the conclusions r¢ summarized as follows: There is a mutual action between mangan in their effect upon the atmospheric corrosion 0! per alone reduces the corrosion of pure iron and greater extent the corrosion of steel. This is du of manganese, which. enhances the effect of coppe! If manganese is replaced by chromium tht more pronounced The red-short range in is removed by either manganese or It is believed that there short iron due to the pre chromiun is some relation betW range and resistance to atmospheric « this the film inter-grain hypothesis Is sugs' corrosion resistance of these alloy James A. Aupperle, American Rolling Mill ‘ Middletown, Ohio, in a discussion in this pap‘ , that the authors had made the broad stateme! the presence of 0.04 per cent copper in pur “auses it to be red-short. This, he said, was ¢ to his experience after long research work on the of copper on red-shortness. He had found tha w sulphur is low enough, even 0.50 per om at copy not cause metal to be red-short if the su! Iphu apa ) upon plain the 0.01 per cent, even when the manganese es ber" a per cent. Various tests his company has Cea s that up to 0.50 per cent chromium thls Ce wit while creases the és very large percentages of chromium | the conditions are reversed and pract! occurs in such alloys. The same remarks applied to the effec myer steel. The small percentages up 0.00 PS ane crease the atmospheric corrosion \ hi reas = sscalll metal contains up to 15 per cent silicon 1 5 BP a+ euch sweeping rust proof. Mr. Aupperle declared that such om sald not be 4 conclusions the authors had made shot rate of atmospheric corrosion, up Ww es cally no f f Ol October 7, 1920 atmospheric tests without taking into considera- the many tests that have been made under other tions. Very little iron or steel, especially sheet | was used without giving it some protective coat- While a galvanized coat on pure iron will last vears all bare grades of iron and steel sheets with hout copper have failed in the Pittsburgh district three years. He confirmed the statement of Speller, metallurgist, National Tube Co. about ffect of copper not being beneficial where water inates, said he would also go further and say that cop absolutely harmful where water predominates lly if the water contains either alkalies o1 ites. William D. Richardson, chief chemist Swift & Co., in a paper entitled “The Solution of Metals in related to Cotrosion” discussed this subject at erable length. He said that it has been realized ere must be a rather intimate relation between nomena of solution of metals in acids and cor- tself and numerous attempts have been made to a so-called accelerated corrosion test in acids, larly for various kinds of iron and steel, which parallel to actual corrosion tests under the service conditions for the respective metals. ( oO, “ run However, INFRINGEMENT CHARGED Suit Relating to Ore Washing Device Heard by Federal Court at Duluth Judge W. F. Booth, of the Federal Court, at Minn., the case of Alexander McDougall, of , against the Oliver Iron Mining Co., demand inting and damages amounting to a very large been heard. There was no jury. McDougall is the inventor of an ore washing de- t he claims antedates the Greenway “turbo” h was in use at the Coleraine works of the mmpany. He also claims that the turbo is ‘ment on his patents, and that the Stee! nd Mr. Greenway made use of his designs in formulating and turbo He claims that this infringement was in con- the Coleraine works from their construc- » close of the season of 1918, that is for a years, during which time some 12,000,000 entrates were shipped from the works. He “ per ton of ore treated as damages. He it his suit for infringement was filed in De- 1918, and that at the opening of the following defendant company ceased the use of the t of its washery, maintaining its turbos merely ers, discontinuing the water currents from designing the Oliver Company’s Denial ‘company enters a general denial, specifi- ng that there is no infringement and that f the two machines differs fundamentally, enway and the company both deny that use of the McDougall plans and draw- >) the design of the Greenway turbo machine. . ougall appeared in court with some of the nt patent and common law attorneys of tates, among them John S. Miller, Nathan- S Horace G. Stone; the defendant was repre- own patent attorneys from New York, { Washington, and by its local attorneys + gall device consists essentially of a long at the upper end of which is introduced ) be separated from sand, ete. This ma- vn the trough together with a stream of rated pipe is laid in the bottom of the re are holes in the trough through which escape. The operation of this machine é dan material to be treated and its r atten- admitted to the upper end of the THE IRON So > 3 AGE all such attempts have proved failures. ‘ The course of corrosion has been found to be different from that of solution in acids so that the latter can not be made te serve as an index of the former. Not only do metals dissolve in acids in a different order from what might be expected but they follow a still different erder in corrosion. Some of the principal influences which affect the rate of solution were discussed in detail. In con- clusion it was pointed out that the inconsistent be- havior of the metals in corrosion and solution phenomena on the basis of electrochemical series can only be explained by taking into consideration the num- ber of factors. The principal factors are solution ten sion, the hydrogen influence, the oxygen influence, the carbon dioxide influence, the cathode influence and the halogen influence acid Plant Visitations Among the plants visited were those of the National Malleable Castings Co., where a 15-ton Heroult furnace is used for refining iron for making malleable castings and the plant of the U. S. Copper Products Co., which uses General Electric and Baily furnaces for the melt- ing of brass. In addition an afternoon was spent in a trip through the Nela Park laboratories of the General Electric Co. trough water under pressure is also passed through the pipe extending along the inside of the trough. This pressure water escapes through the perforations of the pipe and agitates the material, causing its lighter por- tions to separate from the heavier; and the heavier material drops out through the several holes in the bot- tom of the trough provided for its exit, while the lighter—in this case sand—passes on to the lower, and open end. Thus is the separation effected. The turbo washer, on the other hand, is a modified form of the old time log washer, patents on some forms of which were taken out about 70 years ago, and which had been in common use many years prior to that date. Tho turbo is an inclined box with the screw conveyor cut into segments to form paddles, such as is common to all log washers, moving the material toward the upper end of the box, instead of the lower, and is equipped with a false bottom, perforated, into which false bot- tom water is forced under pressure and escapes up into the box, thus assisting the work of disintegration and separation of the materia] Points of Similarity This false bottom, its perforations, and under pressure, apparently are the real points of similarity between the McDougall machine and the turbo. In the arguments of his counsel, McDougall does not admit the value of the paddles either as a disinte- grating or moving force, nor does he consider as essen- tial the fact that in the one machine the material is moved up while in the other it blows downward unim- peded. Whatever the decision of Judge Booth, the case no doubt will pursue its way through the Federal courts to that of last resort, and it will be a long time before it finally is settled. its water The Hydraulic Steeleraft Co., Cleveland, has been awarded the following contracts: 75 x 290 ft. one story, hydraulic building for the Dixie Rubber Co., Memphis, Tenn., saw tooth construction, Lupton steel sash, concrete foundation; 25x45 ft. one story, hy- draulic steel building for the Philippi Blanket Mills, Philippi, W. Va., Lupton steel sash, concrete founda- tion; 120x460 ft. one story hydraulic steel building for the Peugeot Co. of America, Buffalo, Lupton steel sash, concrete foundation, brick ends, woodblock floor on concrete base. steel During the past five years the Railway Steel Spring Co. has eliminated its bonded indebtedness, amounting to $7,000,000, and added $8,000,000 to the working cap- ital. | | | oe ju es aN omg Ng we me I~ 906 Automatic Grinding Machine : \ full automatic grinding machine for handling is and other articles produced in sufficient quantities warrant automatic grinding is being manufactured 1y the Warren F. Fraser Co., Westboro, Mass., cylindri-’ cal, internal and surface grinding machines. The outstanding features of the grinder are its rigid construction and the protection of bearings from emery lust, a three-bearing wheelhead and a three-bearing headstock; a live tailstock and a reciprocating wheel spindle, which it is claimed has given better results than a stationary wheel spindle, as it eliminates grind- _ ge \ Production of 12.2 Rolls, %-in. in Diameter, Ground P: \ Without Serap ts Given for the Fraser Automati srinding Machine i@ lines in the work, gives a fine mat finish, and does away with the wheel wearing in grooves. The wheel dresser is permanently mounted on the wheel head. It consists of a vertical slide, operated y a serew having a hand wheel and a dial graduated 0 correspond with graduations on the hand wheel used adjust the wheel slide, upon which is mounted an- ther slide capable of straight or angular adjustment to the grinding whee] The