The Iron Age 1919-06-12: Vol 103 Iss 24

New York, June 12, 1919 ESTABLISHED 1855 VOL. 103: N Modern Facilities Exemplifi Designed for Comfort and Safet Wi as Production—Basement-Fired Core O 7 HU EK the new malleable iron found: tne! the Pratt & Letchworth Co., Buffa practically finished last fall, various re tes finements and improvements have been added, and _ taken uy : ' the company has but recently felt justified in an ~~) gnts, extending tne engtn of the houncing the completion of its plans and the con Days, contribute to the iIndance sequent addition to its facilities. The new foun listance from the floor t dry has a capacity of 2000 tons of malleable cast in floor a) vor DOCK Dr ‘ gs per month. tne finisning department In eacl a Founded 71 vears ago for the production oi ind? O-te f tne nea malleable iron parts used in saddlery, the com room one of »5-tor Shaw desig pany is one of the oldest of its kind in this coun The ventilating sa n th mnitor perate ity. The saddlery parts business was disposed of by electric motors, the 1 viten tal several vears ago, and since then the compan) ng the place of manipulating a cha ‘as made malleable and steel castings, principally It is difficult to select any part lor railroad cars and locomotives. It is now pro or its equipment for spe empt e ducing malleable castings for automobiles, dif eral features may be ent ed t ; = ‘erential and hub castings and the lighter part £ the harmoniou rrangement a ‘or which malleable iron is adaptable, this line equipment work being a comparatively recent departure. In the foundry are « air furnace The new malleable foundry building proper the fuel used is soft They are each of “oNsists of three bays, two of which are 70 x 540 tons capacity, and so situated as to reduce t ly shai bast - . 2a . ;< +} ; tal ] I “+ and one 70 x 215 ft., while adjoining these is minimum the distance which hot metal must be ; building, practically constituting an- carried. Each furnace ike two heats a day 1563 THE IRON AGE \ <a i} Sa NR aa NS EAN \ Ee aA) — So LN ; me \ deel Ct ta and brought by an industrial rail on the foundry floor where they ’ up by the crane. They are lifted by tached to trunnions at each end and are operating a trip. 12. 1919 THE IRON AGE ling department are 24 capacity of approximately 50 ng pots or boxes being placed steam operated truck; the packed brought to the over 156 THE IRON AGE r dry, but are poured in open molds from surplus metal. The castings receive two cleanings. After being shaken from the molds, they are trimmed, fins, etc., being removed, then tumbled, annealed, tumbled again and then subjected to a finishing grinding operation on 2 x 20-in. grinding wheels, a number of which, with the provision for remov- ing dust, are illustrated herewith. The sand- blast tumbling barrels, some of which are also shown, and which were built by the Pangborn Corporation, Hagerstown, Md., are connected to the same exhaust system, the latter having been designed by the W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland. The large pipes through which dust is carried to an overhead hopper bin at one end of the build- ng are in concrete conduits, a desirable arrange- ment in that they are out of the offer no nterference to light or movement of cranes and act essible by li Way, et are fting floor plates. shaken out at night malleable readily Most of the which castings are a gang comes on at 7 p. m., stings being allowed a longer period for set- ting than is customary with gray iron. The night men place the castings on wooden platforms in cleaning prepar- opera- assisted by portable crane to the turn their attention to sand for the following which they are readiness o be Carried by iepartment, then ; ng molding day’s ion, work in electric cutters made by the Sand Mixing Machine ( From evé heat two standard “’.-in. test bars, ich bearing its heat number, are cast and these f equently tested in a 150,000-lb. Riehle chine for elongation and _ ultimate rengtl [he company takes pride in its elec- juipped laboratory in which both chemi- nd pl il determinations are made, and ch is fitted with every appliance for scientific r} A metallographic outfit is in a room con- nis te ne etallurgist Continuous tests are ade regardless of the requirement of the com- v's istomers. [The history of every heat is ept on record, this including data as to materials sed, time of heat, annealing temperatures and tests All raw materials chemical and physical ’ ind tested on delivery to the plant. read in the labora- During the prog- makes the are analy Zed Annealing tory b) temperatures are rometers melter of recording p\ ress of a heat the course June 12, 1919 usual fracture test customary tice The handling of refuse, more or less a pr in every foundry, is cared for in a manner tha; works out well. Near one corner of the by is a space to which all dirt and waste is broyeh: as it accumulates during the day. Near the spac which may be considered a dump, is a large ¢ through which passes a railroad track. Late ; afternoon a gondola car is pushed into the ing and the dirt and odds and ends which ously have been shoveled into buckets is dumm in the car, the latter then being hauled awa Though not so new as the malleable found: building devoted to the making of cores for tha: department and built about five years ago, notice, for it not only marked the inaugu: of the improvements which culminated in the n: foundry, but it contains commendable featur It is a two-story and fireproof structure cont ing ovens of the drawer type on the first second floors, all of which are fired in the ment of the building, and done economica]! the coke consumption proves, the arrang: eliminating smoke and fumes on the core-n floors. This is an especially important cons tion in the case of the top floor where sma! made by women. The ovens were sup} by the Foundry Equipment Co. and as seen one of the accompanying halftones, they aré tially separated from the core rooms by a wall. The light and good atmosphere in the room where the women are employed is nota! Motor-driven fans remove heat and smoke fr the rooms where the ovens are located. For women there is a separate stairway to the street in malleable pra are so they need not come in contact with mal ployees. Also provided for them are suitable tiring rooms, shower baths and a kitche luncheon purposes. Core sand is prepared and reworked basement and elevated to the upper floors electric elevator. Small cores are lowered level on a tray conveyor; the are made by men on the ground floor. What is designated a service building « provision for the comfort and well-being 0! male employees. main large It is two stories and 70 x 144 ft the facilities mentioned being on the second fi 240 individual white porcelain There are Main Laboratory. The fied by its Pratt & Letchworth Co customers Analysis is makes continuous tests whether or not these made also of all raw materials used Tu 12 CT) 1919 ich having hot and cold water, 1550 nd 9 shower baths. -In addition ther accommodations for the foreme? he first floor of this building is the ichine shops for repair work, « ndividual drive: the empl mie nekeeper’s office and emp et s and racks for time card A ts a room for the convenience road or governmental. te } rari the plant. elfare provisio1 if the com] nent supervisor who does th d who worl n et inct vitl irse on aut first rAOr recto? al en nl ee wine verses rious committee Ch fTic inager and the works’ superinte central committee which passes « terest, and unavoidably seen enter and pass the time-card rack ons and criticisms brougl en pit mittees of the workmen and tl ings are held once a week and er, and matters pertainins ral welfare are discussed. ly are many pairs of goggles in has been broken. Below each ame of the employee, what he wa it he escaped unhurt when, without y")? st the sight of one and possibly two eyes t is a constant and convincing ey t es were in danger and usually he goggles shown he probably to why the men should wear the Neer containing photographs of emp! ith and some without goggles, while mistakes are po nted out and he pf re given to editors of plant period No. 5, entitled “The Plant Organ,” c rking Conditions Service, United St f Labor, and prepared by Prof. Ro ersity of Chicago, former newspape rity on workmen’s psychology, who } et i A publications of this kind in the ¥ -fourths-are intended for stimulating the rest to create and maintain thus increase manufacturing el be obtained from the Department o1 7 »+ © ¢€ ee ] als wou THE IRON AGE e SAFETY BULLETINS ! Te lh Peay 94 pszec - ya aes RULLETTINO wko wYPADKOM REG r ne ‘ ' 5 eh ry th« f ne f e¢ ; .) ‘ ‘ é é ‘ ¢ " AIS ( ‘ re? ri¢ t t ¢ ( ‘ | ; é é t,t) t { t i r t y ) } ’ , ) t ’ | tr rT} t ‘ t r | ’ ’ ‘ te. ‘ ) the) e¢ 11reé é f t ‘ ‘ tructed Ky ting i kh TY nsverse oO! ’ a isty : , nu qe or ab If ne rrié leT ; hers Thy ug? The ] neragtior T T YT ) hinnine é ori? cr } i ‘ , + ect A cet iene va yene! Ted ré rete t l1liding we rery ‘ i ty The ’ 1 , + 1lidin 1 d alist e dd T r ‘ constructed pulldil! t niy b tank ror tne 1 f é ised in the eart } C] i i aT I er k over , | 1 Wart 0 state or tne nee sine ' at ‘ , _ val erect . ‘ J ’ I y ¢ ‘ } AL ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ng Ken to n ) ite ‘ Pad] ‘ c f ‘ tu aetalis of ne ( ul j ‘ ‘ e erected a I re t r The bla furr I Strut ! } Strutner U i ] ist wv I Lob L568 THE IRON AGE June 12 STEEL MILL AUXILIARIES 5 walle ee eee eee e usually has fewer parts t to accelera erable less inertia to overcome. The Hydraulic and Electric Drives Compared—Cost pment is a factor in the time of a Figures and Mechanical Operation Considered with the electric motor the torque is propo e@) ind the controller reg es the y ‘ e with the hydraulic equipme? i ! e in g the water regula th v to the cylinder wh iffe the fo i I It sn l | I int | ou in tne ) ! mit @ the torque vhich ear f { ) S he mechar il nd elect ( I Sell wh le nN e otner Case Luli sten fori VW I ) fl \ he e i { ) vdrau drive yn + ‘ é - , ' y OY {¥ 1K from é 11 :o kins qu allow Cf LOY I ' e hydraulic pis isuallvy has Locati of Plant a Fa ! s through the - | rf ! ! r the efi ncy ( ) Conclusions from Cost Figures he en ¢ NaINS Ul I rau é I ne tO irna ) oO WV ible niddl al e, and shears. Cor , I f vhich ir ide ms of initial cos 1d r year, maintenance and repair (labor), cost ps lea 0 naterial), and depreciation and interest aré (he author states that the figures do not h Ui : genera is they are all war prices and cov: ilar illation in a certain location and ars yarau re only given for the purpose of making a co t Krom these figures the author draws the f is i ne | . y ‘ VW pi + hydrau ecided 1 The I ¢ ap} l ler f pply Tt ) S ar a \ any dis r yi? f D \ lf 4 UO hand, lis \ transmis | I ! t a ystem f A I 1ined cee] I Mechanical Characteristics o TI ffer f it o mors eY pl \ ! iting m y! y 7T ) y r t l T a 4 , a , f ail fa +y ’ é ( 1erin Wo a I ] I r It it nat the nva for ope r a e ( sses and forges ! straight ! ( f r been invaded by ! no were c + + necessarily nr » « Dp ] I ipted to do this w , tive cost which has plete du it ect motor out of consideration. The n speed of acceleratio f the t pme! v 1 é fic s the entering wedge for the e ‘tor dri levelope itor has ! The writer wishes to express his appr L thanks for the kind assistance of A. T. Kel moto na ? i ) é } . t , vy) | > ‘ 4 . iring this paper 4 r Function of the Telau- tograph in Elimina- ‘ ting Hear-say, Say-so The Close Control of Steel Processes ee ccount of the noise existing in a stee! nt it is impossible to use the telephone communication of important messages, larly those containing figures. Mills have re had to resort to the messenger boy for and distributing messages and analyse incertain quantity of a messenger boy own to everyone. The use of the telauto as been specialized by the Telautograph on, 438 West Thirty-seventh Street, New that it does away with this unsatisfactor tory messenger service and in doing so a educes the cost as well as increases the speed tribution. tever the saving in dollars by eliminating engers’ salaries, after all is far less thar lirect saving accomplished through the delivery of analyses to the points where yress of the work is dependent upon then particularly and strikingly true at the rth furnace. Before the telautographs talled, in one plant, 1 hour elapsed be he time a sample was taken of the heat of m the open-hearth bath and the time the er came back from the laboratory with sis. All this time the steel was oxidiz changing its constituency and the worl ant was halted. With the use of telauto this period of Waiting has been reduced t ne-half hour, and therefore the melter hearth is able to perform his duties more and more effectively. e blast furnace department the chief gal: tt in money saved through the employ less labor, but through increased eff btained by getting laboratory report nd thereby enabling the mixers and f handle their work with precision blooming mill it is impossible to many dollars and cents are saved by the iph through the elimination of mixing which results in the shipment of wrong of steel to the various customers. It le to estimate how many mistakes would os L56$s on ( ie nd ( T Tine \ lid é tT) tel it rapl vere not use { eep t ‘ nt Ver ‘ noe ~ ( eCeT } e(] n ‘ it int re iired |e ‘ n t Cal ! ! ent \ é ere that tne e¢ ! a eel I I ! ra 1 ter tine } ' cy : ¢ eT t ! \ re i¢ T er rors in ng are red unt hipme e beer rece er rome! tne | al ere { t f | | l | | t re t ne 0) Di { ne te ite rapn not I ter tne e] ‘ , on] + ; +» , miit nu e) } S ' rye et re n é ‘ Tr ? ? te! tne ft t ‘ j re ? Té epr ice them e rece ! tat y ‘ Furthermore, it car a ae ‘ ngle point o1 iltaneou t ny numb Pract ill orde or iron and er tain specificatio1 describing just the lantitie » } , | ’ of carbon, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus and 1 ganese that the material to be delivered on 1 orders should contain. Each order is given a hs number t dentify it throughout the plant, copies of the order with specification nd he number are sent to the. laboratories, bla fur naces, open hearth and Bessemer mixer pits of the blooming mill, chief recorder of tl} blooming mill, hydrauli hears, billet and mill, breaking-down mills and bloom vard off yr other place where lies the control of final ignment to orders of heats or blows of steel The manufacture of all steel, of course, start with the blast furnaces and the mixers A san ple of each heat from the blast furnace blower is sent to the blast furnace laboratory for anal sis as to its carbon, sulphur, licon and pho phe rus contents. The blast furnace labor: tory after obtaining the anal writes the re iI imultaneously to telautograph stations at th blast furnace blowers and the open-hearth mixers This is of benefit to the blast furnace because enables the blowers t: now just what kind « ; : : ed 1570 THE IRON AGE June 12, 1919 iron they are making and whether they are ap- proaching the specifications, and by obtaining this information in advance the open hearth and Bessemer mixer is able to prepare for handling the ladles when they arrive. The mixer also has occasion to notify the blast furnace by telauto- graph when the ladles arrive with their surface solidified, so that on future deliveries the blast furnace can put more coke dust on the surface to prevent recurrence of the trouble. Very often the ladles in the journey between the two points are delayed and the blast furnace telautographs notice of these delays to the mixer so that other provisions can be made. Distribution of Chemical Analyses After the open hearth and Bessemer mixers have gotten the heat to the approximate proper proportions and have run the steel out into the ingot molds, a sample of it is taken and sent by messenger to the main chemical laboratory. Here the steel is analyzed and a report of the analysis giving carbon, phosphorus, manganese and sul- phur contents is transmitted by telautograph simultaneously to the bloom yard office, billet mill, shears, breaking-down mills, and chief recorder of the blooming mill. The analyses are reported n the following forn (Jpe? Hearth Steel Heat No. 13810, C—.09 P—.016 M—.41 S—.045 Be é ( Stee Ble N ¢ L900, ( 09 M wes 153 A Tie er I ara mee where pit 01 e! re Kept nad whnere exists autno} 4 tment of he: to ordet I ate { cs tne l ly WITT tine e¢ 1¢ LIO! ! nis coy tne oraer OY tn { tC numbe Cd tne il ta with the pecincatl ne cnec} it off and takes no irthe) t l | a V¢ e! tine cle rk minds tnat tne an S aoes not agree VII tne rade ne looks to e¢ tne eel can De pplied on some other o1 dey nd icces ne SS gn Tne he it of steel to that orde) { nowever, he is inabie to fin rade QO] ! ! tnat tT! stee] 1] lit it 1s raere ! ed nd put ock, Instructions Are Transmitted from This Point in the Assistant General Superintendent’s Office of the Central 5tet Massillon, Ohio, to the Open-Hearth Melter, the Chief Recorder, and the General Superintendent; and Messa¢ Received from the Open-Hearth Melter Regarding Heats Tapped and from Chief Recorder Concerning Heats RF: In the meantime the ingots from the hs been transferred to the soaking pits of th: mill where they obtain their proper de; solidification. At the office of the chief of the bloom mill the same process through in checking the analysis with the cations of the heat number for which t} was made. If correct he knows that he ceed to roll the steel when ready. If he discrepancy between the analysis and the cations he immediately goes to the bloon fice to find out what other application made of this particular heat. In either « is then sure just what disposition to mak: ingots when they are drawn from soakin; Tally of Ingots Through Blooming Mil! A boy in a pulpit about 12 ft. above th: ing pit floor has a plain view of all the pit the first set of rollers through which the pass. He has before him on a blackboard heat number and number of ingots in each pit so that as soon as a pit door is opened he can te! what heat of steel is being drawn out and hoy many ingots are to be accounted for. The ingots are drawn out one at a time and put on chariot which carry them to the first set of rolls wher the ingots undergo their first reduction in s and as the first ingot reaches there, the pulpit writes on his telautograph to the chief 1 No. 1—O. H. No. 682 6) 24 at 40” Mill now O. K. This means that ingot No. 1 of open he eat No. 6824, containing six ingots in drawn from pit No. 24, is now being rolled at 1 10-in. mill. To which the recorder replies: 0-| howing he has received the message. A second, third and other ingots pass throu mill the boy writes, leaving out useless repet » 24 2 24 | 24 ) j 6 Z showing that all ingots of heat 6284 hi rolled. ASOISTANT " GINERA BWPTEWwTENOET sero Shutdowns chief blooming mill recorder, ISUall\ ( where he has an unobstructed view of the d the rollers, can watch the progress of the is they pass from one set of rolls to and by having this information designat e heat numbers and the numbers of the in ng rolled at the set of mills furthest off follow the ingots up and see that they are recorded and accounted for at the other hrough which they pass, thereby e mixing of heats by losing the identity of yots. This is extremely important, because, lained before, each heat of steel is mixed ilarly for and assigned to a certain order fter the chemical analysis shows that the ations are properly complied with knowledge obtained from his copy of the | order the chief recorder knows what ed form each heat of steel is to be d after it has been rolled in the 28-in. mill ooms he orders the blooms sent, according ditions in each case, either to the { prevent made up 1 Diliet mill rolled into finished billets or to the h shears to be cut into blooms of certal and forwarded from there to any one ol nishing mills in the plant which rolls the nto slabs, strip, rod or other form of ma- the blooms are to go to the billet n recorder’s clerk telautographs to the billet shanty the heat or blow number, the size e billets to be rolled and the proper stamp to be used. The billet mill clerk must “O-K”’ essage by telautograph before further work e blooms proceeds. The same information | t to the hydraulic shears when the blooms ‘ heat are to be cut out. addition to this service the telautographs employed at the billet mill and at the shears fy the chief recorder when any breakdown IRON AGE 1571 | y é if pe ’ T ‘ ’ oT red i ret t? ut OT kK { | rt bloor proceeds Phe é rmat é ( ne nvdraul neat ne tne tne eat re to be it it In addition to this service the t | re empl ed at tne T t en not tne nie! re rae} re real VT cul rie ’ 4 ne T A t rep re § y igre ’ me ne ' ‘ re raey? | ? 1 reqdistribut ? Tine ‘ ry Tr ! ‘ ‘ ’ W ‘ ent t } ry le 1? ‘ T t i pseé tr | ‘ rel I Other Telautograph Services in Steel Plants \ rding to the eograp! ‘ tne eed ! ‘ te iu eY é i¢ I Trerent | é ‘ Ke 1 use « 1 rrapl e betwee tube nd the tube nipping « tne nipt fhice to ret rt tne ‘ iT ners na elignt treignt i! f I loaded together wit? ne et V¢ t | Té rial in the cars. In other plant 1 telautograp! line may be useful between blooming general office for reporting hourly on the progre the work going through the blooming mill ans yr answering inquiries made by the gener f fice. Another steel plant uses a line between the loon ng mill office and the track scales for re porting net weights of steel loaded on car The ington its filed at Wasi the Government Federal Trade Commission ha first formal complaint in against what it charges to be unfair pra sale of securities The defen action are the Pan Motor Co. 6f- St. Cloud. Minn.. ar Par lolfo ‘ campaigtr tices in the iants mn tr ts president, Samuel ( | British Experience with Electric Stee! Competition with Acid Open-Hearth—Royal- Problem—Electric Pig Iron—British and Canad: Power Costs—General Problems British and Canadian Power Costs 1 . : a Sir Robert Hadfield d the chief poin ( ipplication of electric energy t A - = : . ta t , > : producing alloy steel of a specia el Hi \ delighted | eC! ) tant cOmmiSssIOo! c \ . a with a view to bringing it l tre elect fu na of large power centers, from which it was elect a far cheaper rate. It was quite evident t fu ' ( fille 1 try was going to be at a great disadvanta weakened a as done. | other words, if it was f ede ymmething like £2 5 s. to £3 per ton for th Ww) ployed in melting steel, and our Canadian ] Mi t f / ' . { exactl the same energy for 10s r | furnacs 1 } , Z 1 — ; country would be at a very serious d ’ David Carnegie referred to experience in | lire reduct ’ ry ug \t one pericd there was a huge surplus of c n. had to be sent to the States, while ( vher va fy .ter-nowe} buying steel from that source for the manuf re ll ; reoa \ Ise fuel, and the nunitions. That condition of affairs led to the product fetched £3 1 1] tor than ordinary to instal the electric furnace. They put e? 9 ( ey ; nt in thi: Heroult furnace of the 6-ton type, instal eountrv. As the : : it f lectric smelt 10 side by side, all well above the factor of orf ear ( out 0 per week, previously accepted, the intention being to t] ( ( { furt possible from the 10 6-ton furnaces a capacity of 000 4 ns a day of liquid steel. They had succeeded ir the capacity to 400 tons, and their experie ted the advantages of adopting a high fa Stea 1p'¢ t f the | fety in design. Bessemer, Basic and Electri Hutchinson, referring to the use of the « _ etal at such an enormou aluc at the | furnace to produce a finer quality of steel in the ent 1 ; it Ww { } iinta rth precess, said that in modern blast furna tne Be ‘ ‘ pro wa ! nti oomed If er plants connected up with coke ovens there ¢ Mr. Cooper, of Middlesbrough, had bes present he he possibility of generating current so cheaply) ild have told ‘ that fir was entire vas engines fed by the waste gases from blast fu abandoning t r Besseme lant at placing it witl ind coke ovens, that the electric furnace would open-hearth } But the advantage of e electr possibility where it was not a possibility furnace Va ! f 1 t | 3s ition wing to the power companies charging su with the B eme ert It nown that price for their current. n ne { 1 I ¢ Electric versus Acid Open-Hearth Steel phorus left in the steel, ar rring it ind E. H. Saniter, Metallurgist Steel, Peech & 1 a ist portion of Sheffield, was strongly of opinion that for « phosphorus could ‘ ted, ar hv removin netitive work in what might be called stru finally t t trace f sulphu 1 obtain n eels, and even finer steels than that, the elect te i w] n its che ‘t mroned ' tuall nace had not a ghost of a chance. He was perior t teria ade That t lirect opinion that for many of the finer steels the a in whi the Middlesbroue t ' ' hearth furnace could do equally well, and a § other places where bas teel 1 heing yre cheaply. That was taking, of course, pr Oo move in t tur tions. If electric current could be obtained 1 cheaper rate, and if electrodes could be roorTrTess r r ¢ vs . . . . , Progress in Ferroallo; uld not be continually falling into the bath, H La pbell dealt 1 the pt I { furnace might do mu h better. As far as manufacture of fe In t l we wert e! ble to test electric steel against simula na ae erat n f tu t f ‘ e in the acid open hearth furnace, he had 1 but in 1918 was tur yu ible to find that it was in any way superio! ment f the inti f f¢ ped that with further experience and wit ferro-tungste! :: nsior f tl irna ement in furnaces that difficulty might industry since 1914 is, from t f vie f th: He certainly thought that for certain output, about 40. The « tr fu ibst vhat might be called tool steels there was a tute for tl icible pr ect ble future for the electric furnace, but aga f manufacturing tool steel it | t } tic if the electric furnace was an important facto The great difficulty was 1 U SK In t E. Adamson believed that the electric furr ing to frame ate of the f t id to in obvious field for the production of certain ¢ borne in mind that the econo t ‘ ! teel. but agreed with Mr. Saniter that for st the production of many alloy four teels and those slightly higher in quality the affected by the comir f peace, ar t believ: furnace had no future in Great Britain. W that it would be possible under tit nditions material used was such as burnt steel scrap, for the manufacture of ferrosilicon t continued the electric furnace would never make such g Great Britair The conditions governing power supply s that derived from pig iron and good-class in England were not favorable t nsumers, and H. H. Ashdown remarked that from what th¢ suggested a system of charges for curt based on us speakers had said the impression might be 4 THE IRON AGE 73 l ea ‘ »bta H , | - j I ¢ é t | + whe ee é ‘ +, + r ioe i I va lite ¢€ at a ALe S Rohe | ld id o>T f ‘ > The Question of Royalties | Lid e aut vhet han’ : e or Be ( ef fa ! f nuf My The pr of the 1 nt: t 1) tne I nargved > ce for royaltic He : f the wa esig ir example, one ‘ one f ] ? + ‘ } eT t t wiesS T ; esigner e along i t 1 ec ¢ ) io} +} f al norney t¢ rney it Tr re é ind ea nd f thoy OT t ? ? t ! 600 ur of heat I tated that that was real I f | : i nat no Teg y y I roy? ? vould be required. Wh« rte pers and saving e¢ appe ind tnat t ‘ ] 4 he } 1 ‘ on ned DV ele y i or , > +} } + hy ’ 1 he ry Progress in Kleectri Pig Iron ¢ ea ob ed S i nea tT elect! Lee e < 1s at f effect of tl ¢ al er 1 hy t T ( r ec ’ } rs ft ! ) t t j \ Partridg ‘ i = * ‘ i I said i $ init per annu oO yy i ont + () ORVA f 4 f vere olng t ly 1! A near that price he was alirald Whe now engines . ! nt hers ‘ . irrent ‘ ‘ j , | ' ’ fre +} y vo y +} é ‘ . ; \A ¥ t) ' | i y¥ a IRON 157 THE British Iron and Steel Exports in April Exports f iron and e€ fro Great Br I \pr 1919, fficially reported as 173,606 gross tons iding iron oré 1 i idir S p. This compares vith 109,939 tons in February, 1919, with 159,529 to March and with 135,927 tor n April, 18 The verage per month in 1915, 1916, 1917 ar 1918 was 20,670 tons, 279,695 tons, 195,400 tons and 134,826 ton respectively. The pig-iron exports were 15,450 tons ga t 11,564 tons March, 1919; in April, 1918, the ere 2,229 tons Ferromanganese exports were 9186 ms last April as against 7766 tor Apr 1918 The outgo of steel bars w 18,762 to or abou e same a in March, 1919, while that of rails was 107 tons as against 3359 tons in March, 1919, and only 140 tons in April, 1918. TI ate exports Ap tin-pl his year were 25,195 tons, as compare th 22,185 tons n March, this year, and with 20,049 t« n April, 1918 Phe xports of steel plates not ur ler . thick were 19.876 tons last April against 26,992 to in May th, tnis and 8400 tons in April, 1918. Imports ro! ind n Marct ‘ uding iron yre and including scrap, were 14,367 tons compared with 34,956 tons in March, this year, and 25,435 tons i1 April, 1918. The monthly averages in 1915, 1916, 191 ind 1918 were 107,550 tons, 64,404 ! 13,286 tons 28,543 tons re spe vely Iron or mports Apr were 406,573 tons, of h 284,778 ime from Spa These imports \pr 1918, we 138,098 tons, of which 311,252 tons \ red Spa Pig 01 mports ist Apr 25 i gainst 12,05¢ ! April, 1918. They wer { YY February, this year, and 14, 109 tons M | Kerroalloy imports were nil \pr s compared with 286 tons March and w 95 tons, largely ferrosilicon, \p 1918, Mar ranes | mpo} Ver ( 0 tons n April, S year S ympared with 12,018 tons in April, 1918, ! vith 27.766 to1 n Marc} veal Shefheld Tool Steel and the American Market Export Sheffield high speed steel to he United States were suspended during the war, and the fa that users in that country have managed to carry 01 vith the home-made article for more than four years laS necessal ly created a good deal of anxiety in Sheffield with respect to the future of the trade, com ments the London Jronn onge? he question to be settled is whether the American steelmakers have suc ceeded in — their country independent of Shef- field. The restrictions upon the exports of steel have not been venipaia long enough to enable the question to be answered with any degree of definiteness, but it s encouraging to know that already a few fairly sub tantial American orders have been placed in Sheffield showing that at any rate some of the engineers in the United States were only awaiting the opportunity of securing the particula brands of steel which tney were accustomed to use befor e wal The volume of this business yt yet sufficient to be described as a sign of the re f the lost trade, yut straws indicate the dir on of the wind, and affords proof that the old-time eputatiol of Sheffield tool steel still counts in the world marke rt except ng those in which the manufacture of similar material 1as been establi shed for a considerable time App irently the possibilities of Sheffield competition developing in the near future are not being overlooked in the Un ted States, as the makers there have lately cut their quota ms for high-speed steel somewhat severely, presuma ly with the object of depriving the imported material if the price advantage which has offered in the past. The prohibitions on the importation of tool steel France and Italy continue, but feeling in Shef- field is that they are likely to prove merely a temporary check to business. The making of tool steel in those countries is a new industry, and extremely unlikely that the firms who have taken it up will be able to satisfy with their limited experience the many varied and complex requirements of modern engineering. Some time the large stocks of material must before elapse AGE June existing in both countries will probably are absorbed, Dut the users on more fri insist . -+ nport, Bureau of Mines Is Optimistic WASHINGTON, June 10.—*The whole indust a hopeful state of preparation for the futu reconstruction begins in earnest and when the both here and abroad settle down to a stat uM tivity.” This is the summary of the situation ndustry, as reported by F. T. Eddingfie monthly reports for May of “Minerals Invest compiled by the Bureau of Mines. The re England, France, Italy, Belgium, China, Dut Indies, products, the railroad Chile ially rails, it Japan and but espec ition of steel of the year, as in market for equipme for the higher ‘ xport declares, months he was ata rate th before. condit abroad, the condit Concerning nat export Britain has government numbers of iron and steel products, as and Italy. The summary continues: Britain has an advantage in lowe) ates Europe, but the United States is able to quicker deliveries, whi has enabled her to make n England recently and should decided f continental trade. sritain withdrew Government industries and also withdrew quiring producers who had benefited by the subsidy had hand to refund a fixed rate to the G ernment. The prices of iron and steel are now fixed the producers and are generally and in some cases the present domestic than the former export rate. “It appears that the iron and steel industry of G: Britain is much unsettled than in the U States, and not so well organized. Labor conditions also embarrassing and wages are high. “Germany, too, in a bad condition, and is of raw material. Labor conditions unfavorable and forcing producers to ions report are improvin import restr) trade ions removed arge | rance “Great to ch be a “Great regulat er steel subsidie stocks on : } is hig! rate more is n need are are wages. Coal Shortage Expected J. D. A. Morrow of Washington, vice-president the National Coal Association, addressed a meet the Pittsburgh Coal Producers’ Association in Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, last week, and told tablishment of branches of the National n Pittsburgh, Chicago and Cincinnati. Daily re are being kept of the output of mines. Mr. Mor tated that there is every indication of a coal short next winter. Up to May 17, there had been falling in production, as compared with 1918, of about 50 cent. The principal reason is that industrial ers have been using coal from their stock piles ype that prices would decline. Mr. Morrow sa consumers and others should begin at 0 lay in supplies. Europe will need at least tons of coal this year. The coal to supply this de ilready is beginning to move across the ocean. domestic Tokyo to Spend $50,000,000 on Harbor Construction of a harbor for Tokyo, a pending lem for many years, will now be actually under according to the Jiji. The total cost of the work mated at $50,000,000. When Baron Sakatan mayor of Tokyo, the cost had been estimated $15,000,000. The city, it is said, ernment subsidy of one-third this amount, and third of the sum is to be secured on the pledg reclaimed ground, while the remainder out of receipts collected from ships entering the ha Bonds may be issued to raise the necessary 4" The port of Nagasaki is being improved at a co $1,000,000. +7 »} 54,000, 1? \] higher than befor ‘ y is to be reps Associati will ask for a & Luxurious Factory Club and Roof Garden ' ; jae See] TTVHE formal opening on May 17 of the new factory f f l é l ‘ i he Globe Machine & Stamping Co., n the t Phe ne ha the np front at 1250 West Seventy-sixth Street ( put a inj i, was the occasion for a house-warming at lay with a rankling fe: gy ir heart becaus« : lid quarters provided for the employees’ o1 evil, deleterious conditio der which h n, the Globe Social Club, comprising an entire — th ught relaxatior 1 manner that usually ma oted to clubrooms and a roof garden of unusua m more nfit tha mn the icces 1 i? of the club is due to the desire of \ | An annual event at the Gl e Wor tne paint general manager, to make the plant a place f the interior of the entire plant in white, g to live and labor, a place surpassed only by t the ht, 1 appearance that enlivens the nn for home itself in the mind of each en ilties « vl vork there The psychologi “a 17 : i Knowing tha ich a desirable eff« enlig} tened concept on 18 not of recent rigin, in be produced n that manner t wa decided to I opportunity for its fruition of the altruist de facilities on the fourth floor and the roof itself when the matter of using the roof of ganization to | n tered by the r lilding came up for discussion All of the pany 0 em} er factory roof holds wonderful possibilities a to membership after 30 da n it e1 ‘ r} f recreation and happiness and even of artist nd bo recto! elected he nt Yet too few roofs are used for sucl ote of all employees \ sma nth me Unhappily there are very few, although a et harged thought and planning can convert a veritabi The Globe Social ¢ gy 1 charming oasis and, too, the lackadaisica rporation by the & f r OF } f an emplovee whose chief interest lies in the Che lub. as stated +} rticle formed the working-day can be turned into a view irpose of the promot f harmony and good-f-¢ nthusiasm and affectionate regard. hip, and the welfare ind the social int and retain the devotion of the employees it etween the employes f the Globe Machine & e iry in these days of welfare promotion to take ng Co. of Cleveland, and for the uplift of the int: tive interest in the social activities of the tual standard of these employees, as well as 'y their work make a plant succes ra tain and amuse then Fron tne ma ent ‘ f the nu ing 1 7 iv of working in a dark, dusty, dingy shop wit! mental staircase tee] with an orr ental wroucht 1576 THE iron railing leads t 1 commodious waiting room on the fourth floor. That roo is marble walls and a decorative pla te ce ne I in ac n ourth fle nto a large exhibitior ! levoted to the d play oO ne col | s prod 1 th rooms. The wait roon hile decor ttrar e in character, ret Ss tne phere of 1 ler? isiness and prepares the vis or entrar nto the ymme? precincts of the ex! or oom ¢ the social confines of the club. \ } orridor lead ne roe ng room and } restroom The lounge is 60 ft. long x 40 ft. wide It has jued oak paneline on the wal!s and ornamental ! plaster ceilings. The room is luxuriously fur nishe with wicker chairs, writing and game tables, indsomely upholstered divans. The somber dig nity ef the oak paneling and furniture is mellowed by the tasteful cushions of the wicker chairs and the ipestries. Tal es } ave bee? provide | for ecard plaving, checkers, chess and dominoe \ convenient wall fixture permits the attachment of a portable motion picture machine for projecting the iwain roller screen which, when not in use, is ‘ need in ho raf t the north end of the Inve adjoining the rar From the t the north end of ti iildins iderful view Lal | € ind Edeewat Park, ne of Cleveland’s beautiful recreation spots, can be iined. r} ral ontalr books th cover the ranve of the world’s best literature including several able Wo S f . I Popular magazine ind trade ind technical papers ir) es the library and lounge furnish the best opinior nd ly nt new in their respective fields \ ree is nglenook finished in tiles and old adze hewn woodwo1 is the focal point of the entire floor plat th entrance rom the lounging room, br al Vil ley All of these rooms have been inspired by exam nteriors and are deco- Fitted Out for Believed to Be the Answe oO the S t Worker IRON Social Inter reet | for His Work AGE + ; rated with modern furniture and hangings jr the same period. The bowling alleys are furnished benches for the with players and spectators. Sn under one bench are used for keeping and the sp lockers onal belongings of the players, another bench is a repository for th halls when not in use. The alleys are a pla noise and gleefu!ness, the social center of the « which emanate sounds of nightly revelry, when an erratic member delivers the famous ball. The ladies’ room is in antique blue and with furniture, rugs. walls, and hangings i: harmony, the soft blue tone having a restfu ing influence on all who enter. A spaciou and shower bath done in sanitary tile and mat a respite from weariness at the end of a busy From the fourth floor a stairway lead roof. One first enters a large greenhouse cause of its unusual location, surprises and the visitor. The greenhouse is cut flowers for the clubrooms and offices. It with seores of ferns, flowers. vines, and other ust d as used for pro} Two skylights in the middle of the house used fon nating the clubrooms beneath are artisticall; rounded by plants that hide their sharp, angul lines. Two artificial tree trunks which are thir terspersed with small tendrils, vines and other rrowths, lend the appearance of age. Entrance is then made to a low, flat-roofed structure containing a small but beautiful bat! and a living-room whose enhanced brick fireplace and a quaint mantelpiece. On sides of the living-room are rooms, each of which tains a built-in bed and an ample wardrobe. Th« woodwork is antiqued oak with painted decorations The Spanish garden is entered from the bungalow by two French windows. The focal point is a large gazing globe mounted on a pedestal in the center. The garden is laid out with geometrical accuracy and is coziness is iil M W i mei #1 Thoughtful ourse Reading or the ( Irritants of Introspection safing and the r Daily Life That 12 1919 THE IRON iy nple of precision and 1 cety. Many ind fir trees of various sizes and shapes regular intervals give the spot a bal narmony that strike the eye as soo? extreme end of the garden is an vith wall fountain, from a f frog looks out in mute solemnity. mouth serves as the outlet for a tream of water which lends ; tly he class ignity of the is irden commands a view of Lake Er th and the city of Cleveland to for many miles. vast vv ¢ \ tne vrarden h ive peeT T of the Spanish renaissance and togethe a striking illustration of Hispanic architecture yond is an astronomical observatory equipped oat ‘ Ai the greenhouse in a continuati Alvin Clark telescope. The revoly mn Ing Ville of they the wit} aome open segment through which any quarter of th: ‘an be observ ed Campaign to Speed Up Public Building National Federation of Construction Industri members are mainly manufacturers of material construction of buildings, is conducting a can Building and f influencing muni AGE permanently rial prices are at British Iron and Steel Profits 1874-1888 of owing ible is the ment submitted on vaard of Trade Inquiry under Traffic Act of interest L888. ar from its general offices at 757 Drexel phia, with the avowed purpose of ted States Government, the States es of the country to concentrate int the im future their programs of public works whicl ormally be extended over the next several years tir ig that costs of construction will than. decline, the association in one of ays solstering up prices by usele ire is always to be discountenanced; advance pub ; r, generally admitted that the Federal and Stat ant ts and municipalities could now proceed wit! iction of necessary and desirable publ » facilitate the resumption of g eports fror all sections of th U ted sociatio1 ndica that, after a pro sitancy on the part of consumers naterials, business is now steadil; ! normal in November, 1918; 20 per cent in January, 1919, 40 ¢ 7 in March id 65 per cent its throughout the United States were f uncertall ing beha the profits of the iron t nd the average gross pr¢ irs 1874-1888 ‘ It ‘ ee! nat are imped t Coal T 7 ea Re ‘ ss er’ vy profits e ; : j I ¢ f le I I S$ n 4 1 constru nate ( maitior trie to ‘ : - ‘ taker Lrom ite - T) rade re re tne > ’ Railway (Cana fro innua j essed ts ! ta t T pr auced ‘ : > . . . . . . iT] . ' i qor j ryt ' 1? , ’ : 7 1578 - GREETED BY FOUNDRYMEN President Backert, of American Association, Cordially Received in England For the purpose of establishing closer relations be- tween American and British foundrymen and to arrange for delegates from abroad at the foundry convention which will be held in Philadelphia during the week of Sept. 29, A. O. Backert, president of the American Foundrymen’s Association, made a trip to Europe dur- ing April, May and the early part of June. While in England he was tendered a number of entertainments by the British Foundrymen’s Association and other tech- nical Meetings and dinners were held in Coventry, Sheffield and Birmingham on April 30, May 3 and May 5 respectively. In addition, a number of plant inspection trips were arranged. At the plants visited the American flag was hoisted in honor of the sitor as a representative of the United States. The first formal function was a complimentary din er to the president of the American Foundrymen’s As Coventry branch of Association on Wednesday, societies. sociation, which was given by the the British Foundrymen’s \pril 30. The guest of the day was warmly welcomed by Andrew Harley, Amer- in Foundrymen’s sincerely who proposed the toast “The \ssociation,” ng which had been created be and said he hoped the brotherly feel during the war tween the Brit American people would be perpetuated. In responding, Mr. Backert expressed his apprecia n of the unusual cordiality of his reception, which, said, was a compliment primarily to the American foundry industry He hoped, he said, that the day night soon come when the American Foundrymen’s As sociation could reciprocate in kind. The speaker also laid ss Oo wonderful industrial achievements of Great Britain during the war, particularly in the nes f ad The dinner at Coventry was followed by a general neeting of the Coventry branch of the British Fow lrymen’s Association, at which Mr. Harley occupied the hair. In an address at this meeting Mr. Backert said n part: “When it comes to pre m work and quality production we Americans must take our hats off to the British foundrymen. I am specially impressed with the progress of British manufacturers in the heat-treating field. In some respects our development as regards the heat-treatment of castings in the United Stat - Fertilizer Slags from Low Phosphorus Ore Improvements in steel and high phos phorus slags are covered by a patent (U. S. 1,299,072 April 1, 1919) granted to William R. Walker, assistant to the president, United States Steel Corporation, 71 Broadway, New York. To produce a slag rich enough in soluble phosphates for been found quite practicable in ores producing fertilizer has foreign countries where the comparatively high content of phos- phorus, but most of the ores in the United States, says Mr. Walker, are low in phosphorus and therefore the pig iron from these ores has not contained phorus to produce a rich slag. use as a contain a enough phos According to this invention the slag will be made cher in phosphates than if the pig iron were converted directly in the open-hearth or fur ace. With a comparatively low-phosphorus pig iron the inventor has secured a slag running considerably higher than 12 to 13 per cent of commercially soluble phosphate. The process consists in smelting the ore and forming pig iron, desiliconizing in a Bessemer converter to re- duce the silicon content without substantially reducing the percentage of phosphorus, thoroughly separating all silicious slag from the desiliconized metal, and re- fining the desiliconized metal with a basic slag, remov- ing the slag before the end of the refining operation and when it contains the greater part of the phosphorus to be extracted, adding slag-forming materials to com- ] Ee to steel electri available THE IRON AGE June 12 1919 infancy. We feel we have a great deal to le; Great Britain along this line, and the found; America certainly appreciate the generous spi: operation displayed everywhere in the United Ki A general meeting of the British Foundrym: sociation, at which members from all parts of t! try were present, was held at Sheffield on S: May 3. It was presided over by Thomas H Wicker Iron Works, Sheffield, president of th l‘oundrymen’s Association. The complimentary took place at the Grand Hotel. In the addres welcome and response the importance of Sheffie iron, steel and foundry center was emphasized field district furnished 90 per cent of British quirements during the war. President Firth, ducing the guest of the evening, pointed out sritish Foundrymen’s Association, although { only in 1903, now has 1600 members, and is, the largest foundrymen’s association in the wo) In responding, Mr. Backert referred again unusual warmth of his reception. He extended a invitation to visit the international exhibition of and shop equipment and the convention in Phila in September. Mr. Backert also sketched the development of the United States and made a marks on the labor situation, and in pressed his appreciation of the great technical ments of the British castings producers. The final welcoming function tendered the p of the American Foundrymen’s Association wa Birmingham, Monday evening, May 5. Dinn erved at the Queen’s Hotel, after which a meeting was held at Birmingham University. A viously mentioned, this dinner and meeting we inder the joint auspices of the Birmingham bra: the British Foundrymen’s Association, the Birming Metallurgical Society, the Birmingham local sect the British Institute of Metals and the Staffo and Steel Institute. In his concluding address at Birmingham Mr. Ba ert again expressed his appreciation of the warmt! British hospitality and his belief in the necessity f fostering closer relations between the productive i tries of the United States and the mother country referred to the great achievements of Prof: in the metallurgical field, and pointed out science is really the only international languagé also urged the promotion of closer relations and foundrymen in order to improve tings throughout the world making cast } econciu Iron ilSO Turner scientists e plete the refining operation and transferring th slag to the charge in the blast furnace. The complete process is claimed to result in s¢ in the slag all the phosphorus in the ore, less the nificant amount in the steel, and of extracting slag of the highest possible phosphate content siduum of phosphorus remaining continually i tion in the plant. A new open-hearth steel foundry will be \lliance, Ohio, by the Machine Steel Casting Co., will be incorporated with a capital stock of pro $1,000,000, with $600,000 paid in. The company W affiliated with