The Iron Age 1919-06-05: Vol 103 Iss 23

New York, June >, 19] ESTABLISHED 1855 “€ 5 ~ ah yt > | | New Features Taz ey: Plant <i MCS Cae Mme Gi tie Oe OTM AUe Cm me we CME La Type Furnace with Chamber 30 x 6 ft. for Ar Parish & Bingham Co Cle ‘ t the ke and fumes S HEAT treating and pickling department | ng depart As f autor e mal which has a number of features that rep facture} re heat treated f1 “ ; resent a departure from the usual arrange treating department ise ent in plants of this character has been built the Parish & Bingham Co., Cleveland. The que eating en required on of ventilation in particular was given a great the a fume me si eal of attention in the layout, and the arrange e ] ent for assuring the free circulation of ai t rough the heat treating departn ent, id ve e use of exhaust hoods above the fur ‘ al erfired fur? , 1 e method of carrying steam and fumes fr the pe, | ( 1 kling department, are among features that have high ' ‘ ‘ : th, rver part ised the plant to attract considerable terest f aut hile fy he heat treating department is used nnes embers at eet n with the company’s sheet meta tampin} re used i nect h ti ant, the bulk of the output of whic! uto! ! eing the me lengtl the e frames. e} he re } ‘ The plant occupies a brick building 80 ft. wide a wincl ble arrangement 144 ft. long, divided by a brick wall into two r of mate the ; ial-sized sections, but leaving a wide alcove li! the it e beings : ' j ‘ , partition wall near one end for conveying ma eal prevent the heat fr o al between the two departments There is a ar platforn lt fur? ‘ ‘ the nitor roof over each section. One side is occu American Shop Eaquinment (¢ 1 by the heat treating and the other by the There is another smalle 1494 THE IRON AGE June 5, 19) type having a chamber 10 ft. long and 5 ft. tanks are served by a 2!»2-ton Euclid hoist, w] wide, and a built-in bottom, that is used for an is used for removing the material after quen nealing and heat treating smaller parts. This ing. In front of the small furnaces are que furnace also has doors at each end. In addition § ing tanks raised above the floor. to the large furnaces there afe on the opposite Another interesting feature of the plant side of the room four small furnaces of the Frank that the furnaces have double connections fort type, a cyanide pot furnace, a brazing fur fuel or air so that should it be necessary to char nace and two lead annealing furnaces. The fu from oil to gas or from one source of air sup naces are equipped with Brown recording pyrom to another, the change can be made without ec: eters. ing delay in operations. It is stated that with 1 All the furnaces are equipped with hoods for double fuel connections the change can be n carrying the fumes of the smoke outside of the from one fuel to the other in 5 min. Blast fo building, these hoods being connected to large furnaces is supplied by a General Electric cent) pipes providing outlets above the roof. Oil on fugal blower located in the heat treating depart the parts that are treated causes considerable ment, but connections are made with the air cor smoke when these are being heated, and this is pressor system in the adjoining main plant all exhausted through the hoods, leaving the room that should the blower get out of commissi free of smoke at all times. In order to assure a_ blast will be supplied from the compressors. free circulation of air through the heat treating Fuel oil is stored outside in two 20,000 ga department and out the windows in the monitor tanks from which it is delivered to the furnac: and up through the furnace hoods, doors about’ by circulating pumps. The oil in the large c& 3 ft. high reaching down to the floor are provided pressed quenching tank is kept cool by being ci under each side and rear wall window. Enough of culated through coils inside the adjoining cold = % + oe linder Each Window in the Side and Rear Wa Are Swinging Doors in Order to Provide a Free Circulation of A from the Floor Up Through tl Roor ind Out Throug th Window n the Monitor and Exhaust Pipe Connect ide the car track in front of the furnace these are kept open to permit a good circulation, water quenching tank. All piping, including oil ind the windows in the walls are kept closed. gas, air, water and steam lines, is carried in con An interesting feature of the plant is the ar crete conduits 14 in. wide and 18 in. deep just rangement of the quenching tanks for the two beneath the floor, and covered over with movable larger furnaces. Instead of having these tank plates, thus eliminating piping in the building extending above the floor, as is customary, the and making all piping accessible. The room is tanks are flush with the floor. These tanks, one’ served by two 2'%-ton and one 5-ton Euclid mono for oil and one for water, are 30 ft. long, 5 ft. wide rail hoist, the track for the larger hoist extending d 6 ft. deep, and are located at the front of the around through the alcove into the pickling de large furnace at the side of the car track, but partment. serve both furnaces. Two objects were obtained In the pickling room there are 10 tanks, seven by having the tops of the quenching tanks on a_ for acid, two for hot water and one for limes level with the floor. One is the providing of more These are 31 ft. long, 4 ft. wide and 6 ft. deep floor space. The tanks have sectional wood tops The tanks are on tile foundations with gutters and are covered over when not in use so that they between them, these discharging into one large are entirely out of the way and that additional clean-out. Outside storage capacity is provided floor space is available. The other advantage of for two tank cars of acid. The acid is piped from the depressed tanks is convenience in handling tanks into the building instead of being carried ' material. Instead of using a hoist for conveying in buckets as is usually done. the parts to the tanks, as would be necessary with The pickling department is served by a 10-ton the ordinary arrangement, the car load of mate- remote control hoist specially designed by the rial is run out on the track in front of the fur- Euclid Crane & Hoist Co. to meet the conditions nace, and the load is slid off into the tanks. The in this plant. On account of the excessive acid 5, 1919 THE IRON AGE oe é | " > , . ie all of the electrical equipment is mounted de of the pickling room and only the trolley ables which operate it are exposed to these An I beam extends over the center of the and forms the track for the monorail whic! es the trays containing the parts to be dipped e solution. The hoist has a lifting speed ot t. per min. and a traveling speed of about 125 er min. Automatic safety devices are pro d to limit the upward movement of the hook and also the travel movement of the trol t each end so that no damage will ensue on int of possible carelessness on the part of perator. These safety limit devices operate iit breakers within easy reach of the operator ontrol of all the hoists is from a central ef Lal located on a raised platform in the alcove een the heat treating and pickling depart where the operator has a clear view of both = < . a ss aerte ee ee th would oraina pipes, the heat from o\ American Pickling Department Gutters are provided be ind acid fumes are carried through outlets in zontal! position above the roof ! Blower and ensing chamber revents arrangemel! Ee Some A At LL LLL a a 1496 THE IRON AGE June 5 Gantry Portal Crane for Yard Work An electric traveling portal gantry crane, in which a heavy forged steel worm screw is used for raising or lowering the jib, has been developed by Hey] & Patterson, Inc., Pittsburgh. The jib is hinged, and th screw runs in bronze nuts connected to the top chord of the jib through steel links. Three of these, two 10-ton and one 20-ton units of this design, have been 17 nstalled at the Weehawken terminal of the Erie Rail 1 road in New York harbor for loading direct from car on pier to steamer hold. This pier, 1000 ft. long and 80 ft. wide, is provided with five railroad tracks, ex tending the full length and having a combined capacity of 200 cars, making for conjested traffic conditions, a factor which was:the prime consideration in the develop ment of this type of crane. The hook lift of the crane is 90 ft., ranging from The cranes are mounted on equalizing steel trucks, one 2-wheel truck being proy each of the four corners of the portal. The nection to the portal structure is flexible, t} ing the load on both wheels at each corne) A 25-hp. fully inclosed motor located o1 and connected through cut steel gears to at each portal gives an equal tractive effort fi ing the machine irrespective of the direct wind. The motor is equipped with a drun troller located in the cab. Whenever the po is opened, by accident or by the operator, a brake is provided on the armature shaft of t} automatically to stop the traveler. The hoist motor consists of an 81-hp. o; type motor, connected through cut steel gear cast-iron drum hoist. A magnetic brake on ture shaft of the motor acts automatically to load at such times as the power circuit ay f ZN. i—_ i ot ett 4f 5 : * , Ne - a “ i if pt Ae, fl . , it . oe a al ng 17 for Freight on Pier 67 Per Cet They have a working radius of 48 ft. 6 in., permitting loading or unloading of cars on any the five tracks and giving a reach of 30 ft. 6 in. beyond the pier edge. The cranes straddle the two tracks at one side of the pier and have a vertical clearance from top of gantry rails to lowest position of boom of 55 ft. For loads up to 5 tons the 10-ton crane has a hoisting speed of 220 ft. per min., for loads of 5 to 10 tons, 110 ft. per min., tnese two speed being obtained by means of hand-operated gear shift. The rotating speed s 3 r.p.m., and the traversing speed 150 ft. per min. The 20-ton crane has a capacity of the main hoist of 20 tons and of the auxiliary hoist 5 tons;-.and handles 5 tons or less at 220 ft. per min. and from 5-ton to 20 ton loads at 55 ft pe! nin. Its otating speed s 2 r.p.m., and its traversing speed 100 ft. per min. These cranes travel on independent tracks, leaving the five tracks entirely clear for freight traffic, and replace standard locomotive types for which it wa formerly necessary to employ two of the tracks fo switching purposes. The time required to load from the pier to the ship by this method is said to be more than 50 per cent less than that required normally to load from barge to ship. Each crane is equipped with three electric motors, one each for traversing the crane; rotating the jib; raising and lowering the load and raising and lowering the jib. These motors are all 230-volt series-wound direct-current machines and each one is protected by avs mounted on a panel in the crane cab. 1 overload re Port Cranes on Erie Railroad Dock, Driven from Protected Third Rail, Replaced Locomotive Cr id Speeded up Direct Loading Between Cars and 5S! addition a combined brake and friction clutch vided in the drive to disconnect the hoisting d1 hold it stationary while raising or lowering the The combined brake and clutch is so constructed the brake will be normally set and the clutch rel The clutch is set and the brake released by meat solenoid. The controller for the hoisting engine is of the + netic contractor type and gives either power or braking, as may be required for lowering the hook without any shift of the controller handle. switches automatically prevent an overhoist load. Limit switches limit the travel of the each direction. The rotary movement is effected by a 33-h] type motor geared to a heavy steel gearing the top of the portal. The motor is equipped drum-type controller located in the cab, and a mag brake on the armature shaft of the motor automat stops rotation whenever the power circuit is opé The control equipment consists of drum cont for the travel, and rotating motors and a maste! troller for the hoist motor. This latter is e with an auxiliary interlock providing for ope! the hoist engine, for raising the hook, and for lows the boom. Electric power for the crane motors is brought a sub-station near the shore end of the pier 0! phase four-wire 2300-volt circuit. This is trans! to six-phase 188-volt alternating current. The British Electric Steel Industry Its Present Status, Output and Opera- tion — Causes of Trouble — Electrod Consumption — Total Furnaces 117 in all The 750 am- A mportant paper dealing with the itus, opera I \ mn and output of the various type f electri low f f { & furnaces in the British steel indust y was pre- ir? | : R. G. Mercer at the May meeting of the lron were wor! y Institute in London, May 8 and 9. The main times seve: verloade re were ft f the author is stated to have é t viving ties f ¢ , nformation possible which may tend to increase’ result was that wh eral efficiency of electric steel furnac: n that the An abstract of the paper follow e are installed or being install 141 electri ( D with a total capacity of 112,000 kva. Of ! l LU t are being or will be used for Swedish sub ( ene! nent tr cupro-nickel, alundum, manganese copper and g t ys. The remaining 117 are electric steel fur- tand th ! tee] w H aving a total charging and kva. capacity of 384 records of ping gre 1 98,769 kva. respectively, and a total nominal ery narrow ipes il e instance He a f 31,170 tons per month, based on five days a records of stripping of the electro ra y al four weeks per month. Assuming that all these ng gear, with the result that the gallows az es are working at full load, the tota mina right down, with consequent damage to the f it the end of a year would be 405,000 tons. It ind very possil transformer troubl be borne in mind, however, that some furnaces Water-Cooled Collar These at the el rk on day shift, others are shut down or not trance in the roof have been a irc f roubles and de Their breakdow: e ul ‘ wha ‘ lue chiefl failure f water Ip] but stallations ar Ww pie t i tank pila i suitable p on, the tank being kept filled t Number je wo Seat the water mains or other source, so that in the 27 13 274 6,74 of the main supply being shut off for any oH sani? a oa is a sufficiency to carry on with ' ‘ ; 1°89 Electrode Holders.—Electrode holders of 5 l types also gives a lot of trouble. Personally, the 5 f { has little or no use for a water-cooled electrode 154 for in his opinion its ust in admission that - 284 Lo oT, ( exposed to the hot gas« ming through ‘ t} user it the electrode entrar : which therefore F suitable economizer o1 yr tnat it is not a | electrica! contact a electrode. If talled and all those in commission have delays (and especially amorvhou irbon) are operate furnace and electrical troubles and shop cond nroper current densit or ming thev are Particulars of these furnaces are given it nferior quality. the hold 1 he » 4 + The nominal output in tons per montl atemente cusvent. % + 1 » heating five days a week, four weeks a month, and ‘harging capacity of the furnace. Electrode Consumption 2 gives the particulars of furnaces install 0 ve :' e 4 ngs and the practical results ove riven in Table 3. { ng the va us Ssteelwor! t J ( , | } | some users kept proper re ra output of their furnac fined + the ‘ itp it y le« + ¥ ’ ey ( Y ) ] trod I l I ‘ é therefore I l¢ T ( é Munitions which shou ) made tne autnor was ‘ ‘ f tab] 9 ng the reco f rf Lé nd embodied é reful compariso f é s of furt s, the author r particulars, setting fort nominal output of eacl nal output per mont! ised on the t the weight of ( ‘ tne y pacity of the furnacs Ir t ra r. this is not the cas n mar 1 ec a t furnaces, for instance, take from 6.8 to 10.2 ! harge on the average. Consequent the t er nt itput is increased, though on the other hand I l e have not period would increase and the average num- es ri ved t ttention In the past ts per dav might be less than the above esti- ithor’s opinior that rent density of , eres per for pper striy 1: . + n he re nearly r¢ ; rye ’ ' §|§ ao hiocne ta hief causes of delay in the opera ) of the nearly su in at a higher ra electric furnaces during the period covered practice , ’ . 9 Mes f TT) ane = atten ati tte ithor’s review were the following Transformer These are, after all, the for they in artnal aclual THE portant part of the furnace installation, for a break jown of one (unless there is a spare at hand) involves n nearly all cases a considerable delay of anything up »> TW I I wo I I Ke e ha he f f é Breal ow DO i irre | ia re I l ) I i Y ppre é he ea serv l ( lle ip nd uj ( ¢ I insf X l he f ; I toy 1] ‘ é l I l T ve! ; t | l i y ng re I if TY 1u pen “A to < ] lite Its tne I 3 fi r? iKeY ) | Au I na urrel regula ! re going to | not o1 e transf rs bu so the wer supplies The reg tors can be put into con ission direct on to a cold charge without any hand yntre The electrodes can be rapidly withdrawn on ne occas I yf f \ hea. Vy overioads. The re sult iS a ery goo i rt The Woolwich Arsenal has a FOUNDRY CONVENTION PLANS Technical Papers Already Arranged for—Social Aspects of Meeting to Be Emphasized Foundrymen’s Association is complet- twenty-fourth annual meeting, which The American ng plans for the will be held in Philadelphia Sept. 30 to Oct. 3 inclu- sive. Special stress will be laid on both entertain- ment and technical features of the program, the local charge of the social features, and papers and addresses have committee having ) 22! over 25 technical been ar- ranged for. The opening session will probably be on Tuesday, Se} 30, and simultaneous sessions are planned for the following two days, with special ses sions as usual for discussing gray-iron, steel and malle able foundry practice The exhibition of foundry : be held in the Commercial Museum, and the tions are that a record exhibit will be held The Philadelphia local was and shop equipment will ndica ‘ommittee formed ata recent meeting of the Philadelphia Foundrymen’s As ociatio1 Th is Devlin, Thomas Devlin Mfg. Co., president Philadelphia Association, and Howard Evans, J. W. Paxson ( secretary, are ex-officio members. The other members are G. H. Clamer, Ajax Metal Manganese Tabor . . R. Spare, Co., Phi Bronze Co., adelphia; C American Holmesburg, Pa.: H. W. Brown, Mfg. Co., Philadelphia; Frank Krug, White & Broth ers, Ir Philadelphiz nd J. D. H J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelp} It ( cted tl committee will ve enlarged and its wor! il ed through sub-con ttees. It s expected that the entertainment program which is being prepared will emphasize the prominence of the Quaker City as a foundry center. The details are still to be worked out, but it now seems assured that one of the features of the program will be a shad dinner of the variety for which Philadelphia is fa mous. Other unique entertainment features are con templated. Among the technical papers already arranged art “Results of an Investigation of Steel Castings on Ger man Submarines,” by Prof. William Campbell, Colum — bia University, New York; “Training Men for Foundry Work,” by C. C. Schoen, training section, Department of Labor: “The Comparative Qualities of Electric and Converter Steel Castings,” by John Howe Hall, Taylor IRON AGE carbide June 5, set running in conjunction with one of two 6-t a. Greaves-Etchells furnaces. America’s Lead The author has confined this paper to teel furnaces and does not deal with the 24 f } } AV Nu rr i naces referred to above. Neither does he l¢ urnaces of the resistance type such as those us and laboratory purposes, or the small furr w coming into use in this country for heat-tre Comparing the total of 117 electri those installed in the United States from THE JRON AGI America in January, 1919, is credited 2 includes three induction furnaces operation here so far as the author knows) and | ted with 43 furnaces. Is ¢ red ed urDposes. furnaces with author Canada, the notes we WW with (there are none Wharton Iron & Steel Co., periments with Melting High Sulphur Malleable Serap,” by A. W. Merrick, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.; “The Side Blow Steel Converter and Its Possibilities for the Gray-Iron Foundry,” by George P. Fisher, Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Harvey, Ili.; “Mocromotion Study for Foundrymen,” illustrated by moving pictures, by Major Frank B Gilbreth, Providence, R. I.; “Electric Furnaces for Foundry Use, Specially for Annealing Steel Castings,” illustrated by motion pictures, by T. F. Baily, Elect: Furnace Co., Alliance, Ohio; “Methods for Determir ing When Malleable Iron Is Over Or Under-Annealed,” by Major W. P. Putnam, Detroit Testing Laboratory Detroit; “Relation Between Machining Qualities o Malleable Castings and Physical Tests,” by Edwin K Smith, Wisconsin Malleable Iron Co., Milwaukee; “How Secure Best Results in Combining Hoisting Appa ratus With Molding Machines,” by W. C. Briggs, Shey ird Electric Crane & Hoist Co., New York; “Concrete Foundry Floors,” by H. H. Haley, American Foundry Equipment Co., New York; “Personnel Problems of Modern Industry,” by C. D. Dyer, Jr., consulting eng neer, Philadelphia, and “Foundry Sand-Handling Equi}; ment,” by H. L. McKinnon, the C. O. Bartlett & Snow Co., Cleveland. High Bridge, N. J.; “Ex f News of the German Steel Industry More than half of the Upper Silesian blast furnaces Germany have been closed down and many more are expected to cease operations shortly, owing to the if ore; the pig-iron output is decreasing to an ¢ inprecedented in recent years. The Rombach Iron works in Lorraine have inder compulsory French administration since the mistice, and were shut down during the time the nventory was taken. Work has now been resumed, and five of the seven furnaces are in full blast e steel and rolling mills are working part time, but shortly resume operations to the full extent. The German Steelworkers’ Union has notified tne five German Joist Merchants’ Association of the dis lution on June 30 of this year of the existing contr between them and the union. No reason for this ! ure is given, but it is connected with the radical changes which are taking place in the syndication of the en iron industry. Production of Albany Molding Sand < An Analysis of Their Origin a Composition—Standard tions Based on Grain Size Diffie 4 ) specine: ROBERT W. JONI ry terature, concerning bott tne . commercial production of the Alban ding sands, is not very abundant Short present At é nave appeared trom time to time in the }] , reports of the New York State Geologist the ertain technical and trade joun H e has any attempt been made the various conditions of deposition and know gical and chemical compositio1 leposit ymmercial classification of the Albany re usually been expressed | lesignating the Lake A inder either a number or lette: n the liet dey ; ng order of grain diameter or quant f At present the classification is usual of six grades known to the trade tage 4 and less frequently as A,B,C,D,E,I presse ese de ( ediate grades are sometimes placed on the t such as 114,214,314. tempts have been made to formulate strict \t d eations as to but owing to the the varying factors ! y is not been a suc- : ‘ Some have ap 9 nal ( ed the subject by Brick =a 4 1¢ ting Ving grain size, y g tne y the amount of Albar ind some have at- t \ he ‘ ted a_ specification it Section Througi vater irrent wung xpressed through a ues ckward and forward | analysis by designating the percentage of local dep ( ere ( lumina and calcium. One factor in relation § having a thickne : cifications and as expressed in the chemical deposit, which w e gene} irre and to which very little attention has been thoug} me the percentage of combined water. In the divides the sand de to tw ed e custom analysis it is very rare that a care upert eX ation the ds of the tw en correct determination is ever made, under appear to be lenti wositic } f rdized conditions, for combined water. hows in a general the tyr ection through ort discussion concerning the conditions of the delta deposits and ve? A] ( on and subsequent chemical and physical deposits have geen affected ‘ will perhaps throw some light on the ward and westwar ny ' d molding sand specifications and the _ tior to be consider tior to sometimes secure consecutive ship The ling , ' he } from some regions, which will stand up dary cher the . tandard conditions of work omposing the Phe lir : which 11 ni ‘ r¢ f re ! ‘ Geology of the Deposits feat thick are usus , a : ot ands are of fresh or slightly brakish water gharply defined and know? eposition. During a comparat vely recent molding sand proper and the nde} | al period the present Hudson valley was the percentag and character af han aiid 1 by a glacier having its southern limit giporent rhe unde sua ’ ately in the latitude of Long Island. On lightly finer grain tl he sui ' nd ’ ince of this ice sheet, from the north, large . gjight bronze or gres ' nared es of glacial material were deposited in ith the dark brown. vs cali rm of lateral, terminal and ground of the molding sand prop The es. During the retreat of the ice, marginal, deposit follows the tour the su1 sIthoug 1 and under-ice deposits of different inlv occupying the benche ter were formed. In some localities, espe ng the east and west boundaries of the ul ce, loval deposits of sand and clay were As the ice continued to retreat northward Cor ercla nually increasing body of comparatively may be ded The natur ne ‘ nm g. meta EB 5 pared sand ‘T Ww ¥ 1499 aing nel nr r) tnree Vvradeé ! rodauct r rr)! r rr ry . i eq 1 { t pre ' > rai and re I f aKxen ee ss 1500 THE IRON AGE June 5, as they are found without any field treatment. sition circulating in weak solutions throu, The mixed sands are usually a mixture of the the sands began the action with a decrs surface and under sands made in the field. The effect downward from the surface. The c prepared sands are taken from the lower bed minerals were brought from the conditio; below the clay. With these sands no attempt is carbonate to that of a sulphate. The ferr made towards a field classification, the sand is nesium minerals were decomposed lea\ taken from a comparatively deep pit or bank and_ residual quartz accompanied ‘by flakes of is given a mechanical treatment either by wet or oxide. At the junction of the upper and dry sizing or both so as to control the grain size sands these flakes of iron oxide were of a re and amount of bond. This grade of sand has been’ color similar to that of freshly precipitated in much demand for certain special fine grade hydroxide; near the surface these flakes took castings and considerable success has crowned lighter color of typical limonite. The iro: the efforts of those who have entered this field of flakes have been present in some screened sa) sand production. to the extent of 15 per cent. The feldspars ¢ Before making any attempt to secure a produc- product which, according to chemical ana tion of molding sand from a property it is the might be classed as kaolinite. Owing to th custom to make a number of tests by means of parative softness of the feldspars as com} pits, trenches or auger holes and estimate the with quartz the alumina minerals are f quality by the feel. As soon as active productive greater abundance among the finer portio: operations are in force a section of surface soil is the sample. There is a constant decrease Fig 2 and Variation in Grain Diameter Tw Samples Submitted by Different Partie: ind Designated as 00 to 4 1 stripped and the material required removed by hydrated minerals and increase in undecomposed shovels or sharp spades. Usually the foreman minerals in depth. will thoroughly test the ground in advance of the workings by means of an auger or more commonly by means of a special tool constructed after the style of a butter tester. The material is trans ported by wagons to the loading terminal and there placed in stock piles or loaded at once on cars or boats. Hauls of as much as three miles are not uncommon. The usual custom in buying sands from the land owner is by contract so that a minimum number of cars will be removed every vear and the land finally left in good condition for agricultural purposes. All work of production is at the expense of the producer. Grain Size and Form In the laboratory examination of the sands has been my aim to carry all the tests through under the same conditions. The two samples examined and shown graphically by Figs. 2 and were submitted by different parties, designated under the trade classifications from 00 to 4 inclus ive. They were taken from two different districts and had been graded by the usual commer: methods. The original samples were allowed to dry room temperature and then passed dry throug! 20-mesh sieve to remove pebbles and other foreig! Mineralogy materials. The sample was then passed through a [The molding sands are practically a pure Jones sampler for a sample of 100 grams app! quartz sand. Feldspars are present in most in- mately. This was thoroughly mixed and a Vv stances, sometimes reaching as high as 5 percent. ing sample of 25 grams removed. The working Mica is generally present. Garnet is rather abun sample was dried at 100 deg. C. to constant weight, dant in the deposits of the middle valley. Fluorite placed in water for 24 hr. and then mechanica and apatite were observed in several samples. screened into five grades having diameters Gypsum and calcite were abundant in the form of 0.0411 In, 0.0211 in., 0.0129 in., 0.0082 in., a1 perfect crystals and clear fragments of irregular 0.0047 in. outline. Small fragments of quartzite and shale This screening was carried on under wet were extremely abundant and pyrite was locally ditions using a stream of water of constant in evidence. In some regions hornblende was and with a flow of 1000 cc. per min. to force ( extremely abundant with rather heavy traces of material through the screen. The material below augite. This represents the mineralogical com- 0.0047 in. was allowed to settle, the water decanted position of the under sands, the sands as origin- and the residue passed through a 3-cone moaine ally deposited. Schultz apparatus delivering three samples age As the land became elevated and the waters ing diameters of 0.0035 in., 0.0021 in. and 0.0010 drained away vegetation and the ground waters The apparatus was operated under conditions began to affect the mineralogical composition. The constant head and with a flow of 250 cc. _— od organic acids of plant decay, carbonic acid of the The eight samples were dried to constant oe atmosphere and sulphuric acid of pyrite decompo- and examined under the microscope. A chemica! THE sis was made under standard conditions o1 set of samples. will be observed on examining Figs. 2 and 3 the percentage of grain is due to the fact that the two samples carry ng amounts of an iron and silica bond whicl ; the smaller particles into irregular bunches and grains. When these bunches are bonded g enough to resist the action of the wash er they have been considered as solid particles st without exception the grains composing emented material have a diameter of approxi ely 0.0035 in. diameter varies. The free quartz grains of the molding sand ir in several forms: A clear transparent ir ilar grain with conchoidal fracture, limonite ed material of the same character; rounded ded quartz free from iron stain; rounded rtz with limonite stain; flat thin flakes of r quartz. The last‘is found only in the finer erial. The feldspars appear in their usual h pearly cleavage pieces and with the quartz ke up the bulk of the sample. Hornblende often irs in slender abraded crystals and very abun tly in some samples as rounded grains. The net occurs in the form of red tened fragments. The mineralogical and physical conditions of irious deposits vary to a great extent. The entage of cemented material and form of the tz grains, rounded or irregular, determine to it extent the grade of the sand. The percen of feldspars and ferro-magnesian minerals it original sands determines the racter of the bond. pon examination of Figs. 2 and 38, be seen how difficult it would be to make a dard specification for molding sands based or size. It would be impossible to produce mercially two shipments from any region h would live up to such a specification and for all practical purposes the ld haps pass the working test. rectangular ‘ amount and | believe it sands wou Chemical Analysis of the Sands The chemical analysis of the various sands according to their physical condition and their derivation. Sands derived from sili eous rocks such as quartzites will be low in mina and low alumina sands have a low per tage of bond. Sands derived from the disinte tion of granitic rocks will be comparatively Bronze Tablets Dedicated YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, June 2.—About 20,000 peopl ticipated in the Memorial Day celebration for en es of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. at Camp Park, in honor of the 1800 employees who served var. The exercises lasted throughout the day and -d speechmaking, athletic contests and diversions cinds. Leroy Manchester, secretary and attorney, ered the address at the dedication of a bronze tal memory of Sheet & Tube company en Private Johr ected ir es who lost their lives in the war. pbell, one of the returned men, delivered the r« e. The tablet rests on an immense boulder. Be on either side, are two smaller tal | names of the men who made the sup é The outing was under gener lirectior ttee headed by James M. Woltz, fety directo1 ployees of the Haselton, Ohio, fur s of the Iron & Steel Co. who served in the war wer Memorial Day, when a bronze tablet, inscribe the honor roll, was unveiled. W. J. Williams de the dedicatory address, while W \ H er IRON AGE L501 . ” j — . i ; Ce ena cena nee ARR nana ened = 4 ( ) f 4 high in alumina with a higher percentage of bond Sands carrying a comparatively high percentage of calcium carbonate (above 2 per cent) may appear o be of a certain grain size when first used but if the heat rhe t soon break down from the effect « percentage of calcium carbonate is the only chem! il feature which affects the value of the sand The percentage of combined water is fairly con tant and is never very high. An analysis of the nd of one sample gave 10.88 per cent with the d less than 10 per cent of the entire sample The following analyses are given of two typical ands and three washed products Che sample ‘ d product coarst medium and fine how that the percentage f ca, alumina, et does not vary regularity with the grain size Nos. |] d 2 are taken of two extreme sands regards chemical analysis and yet their mechar il analvys gave practically the same result er If é thern furt de the j re . [ returned er rt ipiet wa Inve 1 by H. L. Burnhar il master mecha Respor were giver L. Ca for the nd G. F. Ged se the on r} ‘ ot I iceé fhice 4 yt) 1 jo meetir ‘ i I American Societ I | eT : i Yale Mech ers’ ( | Ma I it Yale | Conn., Ma Ay . » p 5 F Gor H ré a ' 7 : ‘ 1502 THE NEW TYPE ELECTRIC FURNACE* Developed for War Needs—Commercial Appli- cations Now Sought BY A. M. CLARKT . : . A new type Tt electrical resistance furnace used with success ! neat treating gun forg ind n shrinking the jacket ( ful barrel I irge caliber One Sectio Furnace Dey yp S : ¢ ickets Gun Barre I the Gener Electr Cr wit ompa! engines I 4 ! i t ear time is t S x ] ; . + Y } was developed by ne Genera Bie ! LO schenectady, during the war peri a be Control Instrument for Large parate heat PONG with Two forms of furnace were made, a high tempera ture resistanc: furnace ‘reating 1 temperature of *The applicat ft rnace to \ i gun forgings at the Tioga lr & Steel Co hiladelph wa described in THE LRON A ie of Mar industria heating lepartn t ‘ene! Electr ( Schenectady N. Y IRON Electric Furnace automatic AGE June 5 i800 deg. Fahr. used in tempering and hardeni: forgings, and a low temperature furnace to 950 deg. Fahr., primarily for shrinking jack gun barrels but applicable to other practices, ing shrinking collars on crank shafts, rims or etc This sections type of shrinking furnace is has built up to The best example is installed in the Yard where constru a depth of Washington and been guns ol large caliber were built the war. The furnace is of the vertical cylin type and is sunk into the ground to the depth. Furnaces consisting of more than one usually equipped with a hand control which | bringing the charge up to temperature at a ur rate throughout the length of the furnace, the n mum temperature used being approximately 950 Fahr. When a one-section furnace is used, it narily provided with automatic control. A complete one-section farnace consists of drical section, cover, base and work base. The drical section consists of top and bottom castings supports, inner and outer casings inclosing the ins ing material, and heating units and guards. The rings which form the ends of the section are re in such a manner that the can be sta one above the other, which permits constructing a fu nace of any height from standard sect Provision is made for the unequal expansion of inner and outer casings due to difference in sections desired tempera tures. There is a minimum of metal from the inner ‘asing to the outer casing thus to reduce the } osses calorite ribt mounted on a cast-iron supporting plate, and insulated therefrom by suitably refractory materfal.. A number of units are connected in series depending upon the voltage of the power supply. The construction of the temperature The heating unit consists of a vertical-cylindrical furnaces high heat-treating involves the use Be be The furnace is divided into a temperature control for each zone of a heavy calorite ribbon supported on the inAvr wa The furnace is divided into a number of heating zones with an automatic temperature cont for each. The walls consist of an inner lining of fractory brick and insulators backed up by a double course of heat insulating brick and protected by a sheet sepal ate ne 5, 1919 THE IRON AGE 1503 casing. The ribbon Supports and in f molded special compound laid in the lining of nplished by sensitive aut tory brick with a spacing block of the same ma truments, e fe sect placed between the insulators o ija vil \ or zones. The insulators, spacers and spacing s are fitted at the back into a steel channel which . the form of a ring made up of a imber of ‘ ; tied together by bolted lam} ~ A) pe! g Wh ided in the spacing block for the charge pyromé Ly ibe, with a similar opening for the rib pyrome ra in the support insulator. The ribbon insulators ar I tected from mechanical injury by the spacing ks ne! re the shape of the former is such that any scale or r é : innot accumulate and cause short circuiting of e! t ribbon winding but will fall to the bottom of the ' placed ne ' stor \wainst nace. The ribbon insulators being imbedded and harge ng a part of the furnace wall hold the ribbo: W h y in place and eliminate the need of any fort lonn f etallic support with the inherent weakness of the entio! : } 1 M4 r at high temperatures. Furtherm the omis ndust ‘ ‘ r er if all metal, except through bbon windings, heat-treating n th ifact res quick heating of the furnace and reduces t tric tiring te eratul fro! nimum the waste of energy due to tl tora raw h section is provided with a t pane Boat Repaired After Destructive Work of iced and in sight. A nut Germans ine Ca oe HS Ebon. Beer aoe WASHINGTON, June 1.—The steamer Calla for re e f y the Sierra Cordoba of the North German | i arrived in New York ready for Army transpor ( e. This ship was repaired in the Pana Canal lic ew at Panama and is an interesting demonstratior ext 60 day p ng tl the efficiency of that establishment The Callao ga mme te one of the four best-equipped passenger vessel for 6500 tons of Bess« f I ugh it had a gross tonnage of only 8226. She ne of the steamers interned in Peru and taken by the Government of the United Stat She had ind 1 t wrecked by the German crew a pletely as The Erie R sible. i , i \ When this vessel was towed into Balboa by the lige Culebra, which had been dispatched to Peru fo1 purpose,” says the official statement of the Panar Commission, “she was in a very dilapidated a ppled condition, due to her long internment and Sweden Needs American Machinet truction wrought by the German crew. Practica rk of repairs had been carried on after German) V (INGTON, Ju iration of war, leaving the hull in v: poo! est ( and badly corroded. b st ‘The destruction of the maiz ind auxi Ww n for A f vat ery was carried out in a most vste it ! \I l ; rough manner by her former operator ( vid ‘ propelling engines were badly damaged by ex es; main valves, air pump gear and other evel tus brasses and fittings were nantied ar I yverboard. Important and ent ting f auxiliary machinery suffered a lar fate b or could not be accounted for Espe I ’ iken to destroy or remove such part ‘ ent i ' — ; . Wit the designing of the missing parts, renew ¢ ‘ £ ] _ . tinge } ] rts from samples and repairing ca igs Dy e! acetylene welding processes, the vessel, take: ked condition, was repaired and turned o United States Shipping Board, equal in all electroma nd t her original design This w represented pressed tv ne its: nd at " ; ' : iately 400 separate jobs, all completed with tral yl essed-ai nths after her arrival at the Balboa shoy rta o ft rep ‘ . e gag imete f Fur Increased Demand at Youngstown “yg OUNGSTOWN, OHIO, June 2.—Busin¢e s improving t f r ‘ ractically all finished and se1 nished lines. ( ed ers of ti plate, especial n Wl ge nd Pitts ‘ er ex? ter Will ' eir h, are in the market for various i tonnags icts in S en, pl! ed tl et ng : of them very substantia Orders are also | t nectior | ( ' fae in ; ced in good quantities. Wire! ; are also ru! ite actior nd Amer se to normal, with plenty siness beir elve : . 1504 High Speed Milling Machine A machine intended for ing cuts and designed to run at been placed on the market by the Hartford, Conn operated with a single 2-in. belt. T from the main line shaft to the tight and loose p illey on the left hand side of the hine and delivered directly to the driving pulley on the back of the machine When a the base of the n ‘ an | 1? ] yr} + al , ] various lignt vertical mill- high cutter speeds, has Taylor & Fenn Co., The machine is self-contained and is he power is taken attached to belted direct motor is de sired, a bracket achine, and the motor to the pulley. The tight and loose pulley is guarded and the belt shifter is entirely inclosed within the guard and slides on two shafts which keeps the shifter in a vertical position The main driving shaft extends through the machine and with the guarded spindle connected by bevel gears driving pulley on the back THE IRON AGE June 5, |] is provided on the quadrant for feeding t Double row thrust ball bearings are used on t} screw and ball thrust bearings on the elevating S Portable Drill with Taper Socket A new size portable electric drill has bee: li the Black & Decker Mfg. Co., Ba This drill has a capacity of 9/16-in. in steel, a1 vided with a No. 1 Morse taper socket. The n i¢ ne by turer states that it will drill a 9/16-in. hole machine steel at a rate of 1% in. per mi ; overloading the motor. This tool, with the ex of the socket, is similar in construction and apy to the one described in THE IRON AGE, issue of M on page 1238. A feature of the tool emphasized is the atta of the Morse taper socket. This is in separable sleeve secured in the drill spindle by a the forn — ee —™ + High Speed \ M I f \ ‘ The box on the right hand side of the machine contains the gears wl I V Val I t gitudinal feed of the table. The longitudinal movement is 11 me es ndle, 2 in maximum distance from end of spindle to top of table ter of spindle to face of endless belt idlers cover on the pelt from the to the spindle back of the may be taken adjustable to of the machine An extends spindle pulley. By spindle driving pulley over two removing the driving pulley guard, this off or replaced. The ller allow for stretch of the belt Various speeds of the spindle and longitudinal feed to the are obtainable through gears placed in a gear box on the right hand side ‘thine. Ad- justable stops are provided for the cr feed, longi- pulleys are table tudinal power and hand feed. The stops for the longi- tudinal feed are so designed that when the hand feed is used, the power feed can not become engaged A central reservoir system is in the table of the machine from which the conveyed to important bearings on the slid The pump is a lf-contained unit. The tank to which the pump attached extend inside the column of the machine The whole unit can be removed Eleven ball bearing are used tl making for economy of power and f peeds The spindle is counterbalanced by a spring working di rectly with the rack for moving the spindle up and sted to make juired. A p This spring may be adju 7 a quick sitive stop dow n. return of the spindle column, 9 in knurled nut. By unscrewing this nut the entire taper socket can be removed from the spindle. The dri shank protrudes slightly beyond the end of the socket, and a light tap on the end of the protruding dril shank, it is stated, frees it from the socket. This make the drill compact, and gives it strength and wear qualities, as otherwise it would necessarily be at distance from the bearing in order to leave room f drift pin slot. Iron Ore Analyses The booklet of the Lake Superior Iron Ore As ciation, giving complete average cargo analyses Lake Superior iron ores of 1918, has just been iss by the secretary, W. L. Tinker, Perry-Payne Bui! feature is the recog as “East M cargo of Cleveland An interesting what is known for the first time of being of a small ter, tne analysis produced from an experimental mill by W. G. 5¥ and associates, of Duluth, Minn., who have been tt ng lean ores by means of magnetic separatio! stated in THE IRON AGE of Jan. 2, 1919, page 50. Jt! analyzes 63.27 iron dry, 0.008 phosphorus, 2! 10.38 silica. ore 5, 1919 THE IRON AGE 1505 NDUSTRIAL RELATIONS PLAN ) seine ITM ¢ 1e of Procedure for Elimination of Waste . F and for General Improvement S h conducted by A. W. Bu R. H Grasser, H. L. S G a b-committe f ( I ia i I he M l I Conr how her ‘ : aed |} i ] i Br \ lolla y n wa per eT 3 S 1 effective plan A lan 3 eal ; ¢ ed | ry rv fe ‘ r a¢ ree »f effi lency. Then the ] ne é 1used \ senteeis n ; remendous In ew of these l e€ isked what could e aon I l r t possible to maintal! FOO the overhead and permit an employer t ympete er cities and countries where labor is cl iiry resulted in a plan which the su ymmit nes licated, tl ves, if fairly followed, will ype with the n to a considerable extent. The | iT S n fine a ‘ } eT supervisors such as foremen and superinten \ fo. e manag providing for their instruction in the policies of t hould nd consiste ploying company; impressing upon them that minds of t supe! rs the policies i the spiz f inagement of men is of great importance, and the management, so that they in turn 1 ' more can be accomplished by leading than by nterpret them to the employees, and 1 up a more by co-operation than by antagonism pirit of confidence ar ratio » achieve the object sought, three steps are sug- In properly foll ng it the plan hers t n a report prepared by the committee, as fol- belief was expr: { t r turnover AT 1 terially reduced, that matters within the fact in To train and develop the supervisors into what be amicably adjusted, the efficiency of the employee e termed human engineers. ncreased, absent m reduced, and larger f ia Selection and fitness of the employee for his work returns produced for worker and employer To educate the employee in the best and most [he report was unanimously adopted fy ent methods of performing his work. Committee on Technical Education Fs The I g - 1 L: ‘ — al Pp 4 tive board of e asso ation ¢ [he sub-committee sets forth some of the things executly A a ciation took it uj j as follows: March 6, ar i unan mousy voted to accept ti report employer wants: and to recommend its adoption by manufacture: ‘T I 1 trial 1 é gener meet v ol a iper rs ive i t Hee} I vement alit neid Bridgepor At the + thors Ver , ent ( ; 0 persons A nun r of cal plants have t . D I } t n ir he cost of | he proposit . 1 i . vor 1 nutting - Higher efficiency on the p ; 4 t : il 1 tere ‘e Tne ‘ re ‘ I ows . I I P 4 | he in oll Ww nrese | ryié : y 4 ; ese wants, the committee believes, e attained ~lee ; - Cy ee tay It @uditor i We ir, who w 42 e : yperation, confidence and patient persistence. It ; vi s the following to be essential to idea ndaivior l'} . . ) nar ? ; ‘ ry efting he +} he ea I es 1d r ‘ I Vioenctl VI Cy} ir . re ¥ : . y r er The ] ‘ I ; square witr , | £ : r t ‘ c ‘ ifa ire F Té ’ x r irs : i mmittee suggests the follov . t from ea h factor’ there nt I rably an executive, who ! wn é r r ' nager of industrial relations H eritorn N “ [ i i é f | is J l e 7 es suggested by his title, instruct t iper A f lor n the policies of the company, attend the ‘ , F zs meetings called, follow up suggestions made and The third and br anel shows a incl ‘ ; + t they are properly carried ou ; } : ' t THE IRON AGE June 5. BUILDS HOUSES FOR WORKMEN Pressed Steel Co. Sells Employees at Cost Hydraulic Homes to Considerable progress has been made in the past two or three years in the development of the reinforced “oncrete house as a moderate-priced residence for factory employees It was only a few years ago that the first reinforced concrete houses, in the construction of which steel forms were used for pouring the concrete, were built. These houses were of the bungalow type. Recently this form of con- struction has been applied with success to the building houses, and an interesting example of what can be accomplished in the erection of rein- forced concrete houses as a solution of the housing problem is found in the erection of 10 houses « this type by the Hydrauli of two-story £ di Pressed Steel Co., Cleve- land. This company decided that it could be of assist- ance to its employees by building