The Iron Age 1919-05-08: Vol 103 Iss 19

New York ED 1855 Annealing and Picklin Goods Mfg. Co., Bridgeport, Conn., began the erection of its plant in 1916 and commenced operations there in the early part of 1917. To-day some 600 employees are at work in the plant, which comprises three manufacturing branches, the main factory buildings, at Cherry and Auburn streets, and two other departments housed elsewhere in Bridgeport within three-story structures entirely devoted to the use of this company and engaged upon special war work and on dry battery manu facture respectively. (cont Be in 1909, the Bridgeport Metal Mav 8. 1919 g Machinery and Among the company tnere sy? i i ‘? Goods Mfg. Co.—Simple Costkeeping 8) many kinds and § es, enameled metal finis! sories are also made, movers, ete. Among interest to note that some 150,000,000 of brought out by the bullet, named after its matic Safety Devices in Plant of Bridgeport Meta + SQTer inventor, bronze, swaged to shape, and h: eter of 8 mm., a trifle eed ] i ess than car ( inul r ent Labe ne anufacturing Non-Ferrous Metal Articles 1210 THE IRON AGE Work for the trade is done by the company in various metals and alloys, including cupro- nickel and zinc. The latter material, which is usually classed among the ductile and workable things, is, nevertheless, not so tough of tensile strength as to be an easy proposition for the in- experienced to use for press-drawn purposes. It is freely manipulated by the workmen at this fac- tory and ferrules and “cups” of all shapes and sizes are drawn. The promoters and present management of the company held executive positions for years in the production of similar lines of manufacturing, and the plans for the buildings, the working out of the site possibilities and the methods employed in factory output were based on prior study. A. S. Lyhne is president of the company and H. K. Beach is secretary-treasurer. To take care of expansion a single story extension, a part of the first floor of a four-story building, has a roof which is prac tically the weather-protected floor of another story vet to come. Furthermore, the site is laid out with a complete plan for manufacturing and other buildings to cover its entire area. When build- ings are erected, as from time to time they may be built for emergency purposes, they are from the outset dealt with as temporary only and are of suitable frame construction to this end. a A consistent and a progressive scheme for growth and for the convenient housing of the busi Aer « PIII IIIT AIT IOI ITI III TTT OF a PT ITTV TIT ONT OOTP ry rep rr rr tt On the first floor are the hea, and annealing and cutting departn vault extends through the various the ground floor. The office on th: has one large room lighted on th; executive officials and clerks. On t} toolroom equipment, which in a plan is necessarily elaborate and complet: chinery, such as the array of footp: the third story. The factory type of building c« of brick design with spacious dept ' floors and having large window area I'v; distances between floor surfaces v« 13 ft. 6 in. first story, 14 ft. 2% in. ea ta ond and third stories and 15 ft. 7 story, measuring from flooring to ro: 13 ft. 11%4 in. at lowest roofing line A typical first floor is laid on 6 in., 1 to ¢ , concrete, supporting chestnut sleepe x4x4 in., spaced 24 in. center to center. Ove) Cor crete is spread a cushion of '%4-in. sand tar. Ney comes a flooring of 2-in. North Carolina pine. topped by ‘x,-in. factory maple, laid d Upper floors have 7,-in. factory mapk i 1-in. North Carolina flooring, separat« diagonal boxboard, the whole resting on 3 14 x16-in. long leaf yellow pine. Floors are supported by a double row 14 x 14-in. long leaf yellow pine columns rs The Pickling Barrel Is Offset with Respect to the Furnace So Pickling Machine ness as it grew was prepared in advance. There is every likelihood that the idea and its clothing will fit each other until the full resources of the site are exhausted. These are the easier of de velopment because of the free access obtained by the factory to the surrounding streets. Whatever the development may be of the manufacturing or ganization, there is ready approach for all team ing, and the main tracks of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad trunk line being near by provide excellent shipping facilities. Adja cent to the neighborhood is the water front of Bridgeport, providing a footing for transporta tion facilities up and down the storm-sheltered Long Island Sound and out upon the Atlantic Ocean. + The general course of factory operations is for the incoming materials to enter on the ground floor and there to be fed to the heavier machines and thence travel upward for lighter operations, being finally inspected and pat ked on the top story. Offices are on the second floor, as this gives all necessar) privacy and yet permits the use of the largest possible windows of clear plate- glass. A second floor office also allows free access to the several manufacturing departments with a minimum of stair climbing. Is That the Annealed Product May Be Conveniently Re Not in Operation story, 12x 12-in. on second, 10x 10-in. on ing these are spaced transversely 19 ft. third and 8x8 in. on fourth. In center aisle of build v/4 : } center to center, spaces on either side being 18 1 The » 10 9°. in. from walls to center of columns. columns are spaced longitudinally at 9 ft. 10 center to center. Columns are connected by c + ae \ abr fetes oe LIIEIO0EO_EIDITIOLOODQOOOOOID IDIOT A Si Pt ermel iron plates at footings with a bearing of concrete 1 ft. 6 in. deep by 5 ft. 3 in. x 5 ft. 3 in. Windows come to Within 3 ft. 4 in. of the floor The and extend to a level with the ceiling line. 91 steel sash on all floors fits 1342 x 20-in. ye ~ e . ° 7} Windows are 71% ft. wide in the clear. Elé ' via + ‘ ‘a Ss +or well, stairways and factory are separated by ver) substantial fire walls, and there is a thoroug! going sprinkler system installed. Buffing and polishing operations, as wel! plating work and lacquering are housed on } n fourth story. Special exhausts are attached all polishing heads. The floor is kept debris and all work is moved, boxed or 0! trays, in a compact and convenient way. La work dries in metal cupboards with clos: doors, and in this department, as in the room, there are spacious overhead trunks t away the fumes and odors that are una\ developed in doing this work, but which + h ne THE IRON AGE removed to the very great advantage each. Motors are ved in the neighborhood of their pro-_ the line shafts they between motors and mpanying reproductions of photo- This method even the free employment of electric drive from the ry Tf Machines Do Not Require Operator ear the Dies or Any Other Pos ’resses, The automatic trimming machi work from the presses, feed which permits the listance trom moving elements with a trough discharge havi! rap to drop one way while the work p guard, which limits the shave of py I r Convenient height chair backs batteries ef footpresses purchased from the local iucer, and is in the form of a‘: nating current. About 30 tributed about the plant for ne thousand machines. ° , On . : 2U and © every precaution is taken to avoid the possibility of accidents. The frictional dial feed for presses devised when Mr. Lyhne was in the employ of an- other company is not only a speed-promoting de- vice in itself, but for that class of operations makes the press so equipped harmless while the operator is busy at work. The stock placed upon th e disk or dial rotating away from the worker, slides the pieces between two converging metal strips that guide them orderly one at a time un- der the plunger of the press and thus permit very rapid action Of course the work must be short in proportion to its diameter, so it will “stand on it { its feet” when being urged by the dial toward the A similarly safe tool is the automatic trim ming or beading machine, for it is employed for SOME OF THE FORMS USED IN THE FACTORY 4—Employment index of blank, 2% x 5 in color, buff B—Expense time tick every da yn standing order number ;: gned to each foreman; size of blank, 4 x 6 in.; color, whit ‘ rX¢ report, “change factory < t tl is received daily ize of blank, 4 x 6 in.; color, yellow Db Re ord c work which is charged monthly into general expense. The initials indicate M for material; D. S. for dire¢ EF. S. for ry upplies; LAB for labor; direct supply might be brass or steel, while factory suppli¢ plating ies, etce.; size of blank < 8 th color, white E—tTransfer ticket; this travels with from one department to another ize of } rc és 34 color ilmon. F—Time ticket for a product blank, 4 x 6 in color, brow: both purposes. All the operator does is to keep ffired furnace as soon as the door is ra the magazine pocket supplied with the pieces for that purpose. An advantage over ha\ trimming or beading, as the case may be. When the blank, cup or ferrule gets down to the bottom of the magazine chamber in its turn, a machine THE IRON AGE finger the shell edges or rim. matically stripped off the trough scrap carries the shell ahead, pushes it upon an arbor. is accurately held against a shoul rotary cutter sweeps dow wn Then wi n against the supporting arbor, the shell and tate in contact the scrap is trimmed At this Stas arbor t having a slot along the bot to go clear while the shell to drop into a receiving barrel. The annealing furnace and the pi are remarkable for other features tl though this is striking, the combinati: a length of 35 ft. work eesCerTiOn oF Wouk apron furnace doors and pushed by power Ull« Annealing trays cor are laid upon an in f} || Oiting Mach'y,| | Pirro ___ Cleaning 1 PA OF THE BRIDGEPORT METAL GOODS MPG. CO. trays carried into the furnace or draw! by any mechanical means is that such frequently subject are SO to € « A destruct! h THE IRON AGE voner or later results and repairs ten required. Pushing in the boxes or ct sag 5 “ok the propelling medium clear of the pic kling bar vi benefit of everybody and everything offset connection 44inoa ‘ ther 1214 pleasure as the nature of the work demands. A balanced tilting device tips up the tray and dis- charges its contents smoothly into the receiving end of the pickling barrel. The interior of this has a conveying helix or partition dividing up the end to end. As the barrel rotates about three revolutions to the minute being the normal rate of drive, the work along the conveyor chamber and thoroughly drenched with the pickle scooped up by the hollow arms of the barrel from the supply tanks seen un derneath the machine. Of course, the pickle travels with the work to a point when it escapes through perforations in the barrel at that place and falls back into its own tank. Further on the work is washed thoroughly by an entering flood of water scooped up in like manner from another supply tank, provision be ing made i the space from slowly, say slides zone of the lso for the escape of fluid after it has served its purpose and without troubling or interfering in any way with the con- tents of the other tanks or the other half of the pickling barrel. The latter is supported on roller bearings at a height sufficient to bring the dis charge end high enough to deliver the contents nto a factory receiving can or into a wheelbarrow as may be desired in routing the annealed and pickled work. Of course, the pickle or acid-hold- ing barrel is copper, while the other end for water carrying is of steel. Books of and it this case a end of the made of accounting are closed monthly, Chain Making in Australia WASHINGTON, May 6.—Australia is to have a chain- making industry, according to a report from Trade Commissioner A. W. Ferrin, at Melbourne. The dec! Commonwealth required in connection with its local ship! should be writes, has material uilding scheme Australia, he of Brunswick, sion of the Government that obtained as far as possible in induced H. Williams & Co., to enter upon the industry of chain making, which hitherto has not been attempted in the Commonwealth. Special plant was installed for the 1919, the works to witness the testing of the first lengths of 1 Pione or. purpose, and on Feb. 6, Director of Shipbuilding visited the output, com- in. mooring chain, This class of chain prising eight 90-ft oO - 1] £ © tha a required for tne areage has to be tested up to a strain of 28 tons 5 hundred- weight, and an hydraulic plant cap of testing up to 560 tons has been put down by the firm. The director expressed himself as highly satisfied with both the manufacture and the testing of the chain. Williams & Co. are engaged in the manufacture of 1%-in. ship’s steering chain as well as crane chain, and engineers Harbor Trust have announced complete satis faction witl \ Australian newspapers express the hope that very extensive industry ha heen started Swedish Iron Trade Hard Hit ~ ' y i r Y »f Hwede! effe f The Lor ] onge? + + The y S nriy iu in i ’ é y ' ( ) to ? ‘ (,@! p for There Y ne ( ( i A} ‘ W hile f ‘ ? ? Ss ¢ f y Y hey ? |: x iff t 5 i t r t Y } ] ’ i r DY ise! Sscovere ft eY ub ] f Sw S eria THE IRON AGE May &. 19; is then practicable for the officials . pany to know exactly where they stan: cial basis. Every Wednesday mornin tee of managers assembles and has al] of the scrap, etc., for the previous closest possible check is kept on ths use of time and materials. The employment record of the w useful line on the various pointers of in trying an individual on a new him to an old one. Of the other forn said that an exact record is receive by the office of all work done by « ment, A recapitulation sheet or analys posted up daily in the office from the they are sent in from showing being completed every day t with the progress of operations under t foremen. Not only is it most important accurate account of scrap, but it is also « consequence to know and profit by the 1 the various operations done on the sp before it reached the stage where it was This is done by enumerating the operat printed list on suitable blanks and che accordingly. Excess cost sheets are a! follow on the heels of every job that indication of stopping short of a profit stage. What the estimater hopes is not what the cost clerk finds. records as for a number of purposes and are well satis! them. As Sweden exported far more iron than she has consumed at home, thousands of 1 in that country are wholly or partly unemp! becoming turbulent, and strikes are frequent minor trades. The fact that Sweden made mort out of the war conditions relatively than any country, and that it possesses abundance of money, matters because the gains have gone into pockets already well lined. Prices saries and rates of wages rose more in Sweder the war than in Great Britain, and while the remain high opportunities to earn wages ha largely reduced. The present threatening toward the employing and official workers is the result to some extent of disgu the former for their active sympathy with G in its brutal attempt to dominate Europe. “The stocks in the hands of the British Go referred to above consist of 80.000 tons of Swe as well as 15,000 tons of Swedish bar iron, m latter being such as is used for making the ties of crucible t I x makes worse, classes steel.” Scrapping German Submarines WASHINGTON, May 6.-— marines have a breakup value of about $12,00 ing to an interesting report sent by Vice-' “Scrapped” Ger nard F. Hale, Swansea, Wales. “Considerable importance,” he says to the recent purchase of 25 German sul Messrs. G. Cohen Sons & Co., of London vho will undertake to break up these ves pose of the scrap metal. ship breaking ] ? + ed considerable qual ‘This firm is a large the war hand on brought over from the battlefields of | re I ly pur hased at auction 25 Germar > of which it intends to bring to its wv s | s es é a ha ne breaking uf sel w be $12,166 and for the dozen, $14 submarine will occupy 10 additional labor will be empl The scrap metal thus obtained and steel lL, O! eacn onsiderable mpany. e various tinplate mills in t Deformation and the Quality of Steel erties—Forgine na ke no ( Results of the | S tf Tht Hamn > ( ‘ 4 f e lron is \ Lut pre a p : Ff Influ Hot |] AY i ra ; IRON AGI Ay i ¢ the pr : S Engla I ‘kk part l hat more worl ne AY : ‘ the Londor Much Work Has Bad Effect ~~ sa 1 that To a era ’ ‘ Va assumed it tne I I ey + vas Cre rges WU! I » In evel case; nat I I 5 Character, Not the Amo ‘ Work I . end ng ove! 1 ore mea the iu | nany ra | ) cutting f ‘ $ ! en ( 1 \ é tx ept ? € ‘ t i e off sudde ilmost I fle ne more t i » OF { er hat that pecu ! dey : ne mount yy eta he remarks of the aut! erally ir h 5 own WOTK, I € i, that the purest ¢ AStII I I i and perfectly made and heat I phys illy in every alre | t t non-metallic inclusions increased, bend hit ‘ proportional weakness in all directior fter extensions by hot £ | int of non-metallic inclusions the bs cross direction; the higher the ] No! sions, the worse would be the he ‘ ae eer Effect of Different Sized Hammer hat direction se of weakness in the ross aire or 1) Ss. | or t ! eal ught irons. The purest and best Yor! negie St Pitt rs he wv rons when cut through in cross-section ome specif ; that the 1 ‘ a hammer broke off, bending only had to meet at the 1 nt 4 Hi efore suddenly snapping. The higher ertain specificatio1 ' 1¢ 1 inclusions, the more closely the prop that the reduction from the t to the ipp oached those of wrought iron, and gy must at least be a rat ay ] He ires resembled each other in appearances eminded of a practical example that he expe was not at all deteriorated in the longi vith about thre ear 4 I tion tf n, but in proportion as the sulphide of ixles for | motive On rs : non-metallic inclusions were increased, r ted on having a cert é vere reduced in the cr lirectior e fir ed f [ ets and st ars containing f: 0.07 lone I r ff I « t I car on na t 07 ot ] nu! tne I pr r ections, all bent to 180 de ] i e on bending fr not} t ‘ y ' y ? tne ‘ ! lhe r ] ‘Tv t r ng and Rolling Contrasted ‘ off y q ; as ca ; é . 1215 trifle the best results. He felt that due to the slower action of the forging press, and that the differ- in the results was more particularly due to the finishing temperature effect produced by the working Dr. Unger said was ence than to any he had grave doubts as to whether, t not asked On great many cases, the manufacturer was essary do more forging than was really ne inothe oceasiol ne made furtne ¢ ) ments, 1! which he found that if he was able to forge a piec vith about 25 per cent 1 iction, he wa ble » do a vell as , ‘ t 5O pe er! edu Value of the Charpy Notch Tests Sir Robert Hadfield, ref to the npact test n the pape ~ i ne I nos t ts ere i or (‘har ‘ oO Was portal I VI I Ve ide on the ) tne na patte! i 2 rp eral types est ba They we eatly ' the tho T Y ne c\ ' é 1 T tT rie yuld ne } ny ne } er Y ! ! \ ore the wa Krup] r f M ( t ni I ~ t , ‘ i Ve ( ] ) \ l é oO Get Possibility of Overforgineg ’ rl ‘ Si ' 4 +? y rT, y Tr I I cle I ra t ere ! ‘ pr , ‘ ‘ nt t ) ri¢ hay f, > dov ( i ma i ne ¢ € pe i vith hard ! teria I e¢ ! lerabl. if be njure I I med, ovel How to Obtain Sound Ingots r. W. H. Hatfield, afte aying tnat n enginee at é reading tne pape ne mignt eat at \ deduce n it that work upon material wa disadvantage. ind tha W far bette o take the st material emarked tha the questio1 i ) n Cal n ple ecause t was necessary n the fil piace to obdtall perfectly sound ste To obtair i ss of perf tly sound steel it was necessary to have ar rot so shaped at the top and narrow at the re frac tory head rood Sulphur in Steel At a recent sion occurred on the question of om | several meeting of the institute a long discus sulphur in steel, and institute igh sulphui p oduce very distinguished members of the ictively encouraged the use of steels with h Sheffield people had to masses of looked askance at the sug was clear from the paper that if the there contents who large steel gestion It ulphur contents mucn that wo ild pe present, the the author referred The Sheffield manufacturers, insisted on a very low sulphur cont were increased more the manganese effect to rongly empha therefore, always sulphide with result which 31zed. would be s ent in their special teels. Dr. Hatfield said he mentioned that particu arly because several gentlemen to whom he had re ntly spoken had assumed it was quite safe to increase ipstal tially the sulphur content of ste Change of Shape in Many Directions Dr. Walter Rosenhain thought the suggestion that paper ! ight be re d ité [ e¢ which had had y wo! 1¢ vas tl est was 1! one if the paper was read carefully. Cosmo ohns, however, had suggested that the best result vould be obtained if it was worked equally in all direc ons If this were done, the net result would e ni hange of shape or volum t nd that. of ourse THE IRON AGE Mav 2 would be impracticable. One found that to employ changes of shape in as many possible. For instance, in the productio: of flat material, sheet or plates, if it w roll in two directions and not in much greater certainty of securing goo directions of the sheet. In steel pract was almost universal, but there which cross-rolling was the pt the rule, and it was found at once in tl inless cross-rolling was done, a obtained. That If the ingot was sufficiently carefully one ther were exce root was not was the case, v materials were sufficiently pure, then cr not necessary. The they must look lesson to be drawn appeared for an ingot proportioned as nearly as po and the shape of the object which was that the reduction of d was not only mensions she should be as possible. If a long, 1 that essential to Hatfield had drawn attent iniform in direction, but aistributed made, requirement could not as then LOOK after tne vhich Dr Blast F Iron Ore for German lt is announced that the Swedish ir who have contracts running with Ge intil the year 1930 have resolved to f the agreements on the grount | have entirely changed since these wert ording to the London /) ind Co The object, it need hard ‘ d higher prices The delivery of rict has Rhenish-V the A stored it Kehl. T 25,000 tons which is to be forwards the Lower Rhenish harbors of the ingshiitte and the Friedrich Alfred H Krupp company, and further deliveries are h: pect by the Allies. The Siegerland Ironstone Sy ore by 10 marks pe and that of calcined minette to tne been the Strassburg and now permitted DY iantities being tonnage Rhenish stores in concerns way to has raised the price of raw econd quarter, increase n tne will naturally prices of Siegerlar compel the Pig Iron Syndicate April 1. Apart from this fa had previously decided to revise quotat the beginning of the second quarter, when | road rates will come into operation. A meet! syndicate has just been held, at which the quest to have If prices are advanced, a sidered probable, it is expected that the Stee follow the example, and that cl consequently be put up all along the line According to the London Jronmonger Frat 250,000 minette ore exchange for The Berlin complained that so far no supplies have bes France, with the result that 30 blast fu been idle, and unless minette ore is quickly all the furnaces may have to be blown out that during the final negotiations the pre French economic commission told the Gern that they had pledged themselves under supply coal and coke, but the Frenc! promised to give the best conside1 For many wet tons of fur prices as from dicate been settled cate will to send tons of to G coal and coke. only question of supplying ore. many has sending 7000 every day, and these cars, which might back 8000 went back empty, French considerations have not The situation has been eased within the } by the release of minette th been tons of ore, yet nee ro! ie R phalian works being confirmed by the A on March 12. The first consignments a 25,000 tons, which, in view of the enorn ore ments of the Lower Rhine district, are the supply of further quantities is prom LDING BROKEN CRANKSHAFTS Methods of Lining Thermit Process and Incorrect Up roken Parts for > H. DEPPELER ne ounarymal as iiwa t e sh pre ul ’ y i! - TY t ‘ ( S ivs Dy} hy ‘ fry) r the ? ] n of nd his poir I he? process S S ne r r ~ tne er! ‘ re é liff ilty il i , ‘ ‘ Té for er? ! } elng 1S l istrat I ] ) l i ore ‘ el! l tr re} i I I I il } \ ' orre ! ming I é ? ections t T ne pir ’ y the ‘ 1? ] re | \ = f ral ‘ ) Tn T ’ y ’ T rail neg ) ne l ir? re t rie t f ne \ t pil l! l l hy re } Se t how | é ntra uurn: not Pposs1bD i ‘ - } iin y rf [raining in Industrial Plants entitled “Training Labor for Peace Time,” United repared for yy Service, i. a distribution by the Clayton, f Labor, Washington. free al training” is meant brief practical 1! ndustrial workers in the one best way of pective tasks, such training being giver \ training department such as the Train manufacturers in establish experts assist not only to start new employees right that is—but it is intended as a permanent e plant for the benefit of all, particular nediocre workers. ling discussion of the par et the i ipl There is sti nother Sri prompt n liacturer ning as one of the instrumentaliti¢ THE IRON AGE director, of the 1217 i Th ‘ essfu f a ou i : s , Pont } The era ‘ fT ‘y he : } mn +} : ne ecy fla t se f purt cause it will be found extremely difficult to re the thin layers of sand between the ris« 1 t we and difficult A e fou ob irt place for the ] peration and the vir ) nder \ tne > : pi r : ; three or four time peiore icce Wa it eda, tT nechanical difficulties of cutting the riser, the reacde will agree, are ore than offse t the nee a good wel their factori If wage leve ire t while the cost of living owered, and if Kets are to be pened to American manufactu only be DY raising the national ave rage yutput i nat n turn, can be accomplished nly by nereasil he production of the ind dual throug! spread industrial training of the worker This is but one of seve bulletir De ied IOI fres stributio the Ul nite State | r ‘ TI tea } the + Koen W. B. Spence har rH (eas tn 150 P Triple-Purpose Radial Drilling Machines Two radial drilling machines of a new size are announced by the American Tool Works Co., Cincin nati These ar known as 3-ft ind Lt triple purpose radials, and are similar in cor n to tl 6-ft. size dé bed THE IRON AGE Ma i] bottom of a hole without breaking the t enables the operator to tap a larger nu per day. The manufacturer states that holes have been tapped per minute. It ha gear transmission, which is constantly r the machine W in THE IRON AGE, issue of May 1917 In addition to the drilling and tapping operations they combinea third function, Dor ng A q 1dr rie rea eda ne ] fords four di speeds, wh ch n turn are divide 1 into two separate ranges of two speeds eacl one for heavy and other ng, une for high drilling and light tapping boring and tapping range, in conjunc bor] speed tion with the six gear box speeds, comprise 12 speeds from 30 to 134 r.p.m., which art obtained throug! an internal gear drive on the spi Radial Drilling Machine Designed dle, while the hig speed drilling range consists of 12 speeds from 155 to 700 r.p.m., obtained through an external gear drive the internal and external gear-drives being non-inter fering. These 24 spindle speeds are in geometrical progression The machines are built with either cone pulley o1 speed box drive, and in addition can be equipped with swinging box table, worm swiveling table, electri motor drive and special bases when desired Tapping Machine A bench type tapping has brought out by the Mass The machi by a girl, as there fingers or clothing it is pointed machine recently been Bicknell-Thomas Co., Greenfield, compact and can be operated are no protruding parts to catch the 4 cone friction driving mechanism, the to tap the ne 1S out, enables operator to which hold su he Idir has ball an for Is fu or wit pump Trading | Tokyo, writes IRON AG! has__sibeer yamate Meiji Tra Ltd 4 ar trade name of Trading with a 3,000,000 Murai, w held the share of interest in the old has been « president, and § H. Mats vice-president. In all other respects, the new compa: is exactly the same as the old, with the exceptio: Teinosuke Murai, who has been elected a director. K Ishikawa and Mr. Tad. Ayai remain as managing for Drilling, Tapping and Boring rectors, T. Furuya and Shaw T. Nishimura, rectors, and G. Murai, as auditor. Negotiations have been completed wher: Steel Products, Ltd., Granville Island, \ B. C., takes over the Canadian Metals, Tudhope Electric Metals, Ltd., and the Steel R Mills at Port Moody, B. C. The company will er in the manufacture of steel, operating a three-p! electric-arc, 6-ton furnace of 1500 kw. capacity. T ingots will be produced at the Tudhope plant on Creek, where successful tests have been made, and © be rolled at the Port Moody mills. Hyatt couver, Clothing. It is equ inciples of Open-Hearth Furnace Design ocien 1¢ and T> \ meric: co America >] rheoretical Flame Temperatures i} Merits of Different Port Ends 1219 1220 right quantity of waste gases through the gas and the air chamber, and he suggested that that to the chimney. tical suggestion to cut down the flues so as really to egulate. It was not merely a question between the wo flues, because if they were made big enough they would not regulate themselves, and he was afraid tney were choked down re ally to regulats tne draft would be very soon checked Professor Bone said one of the first things in con nection with furnace design should be proper apprecia on of what took place in combustion, and of the fac on which the heating in the furnace lof ¥ $ imecier ippear always to have followed ments that had taken place in the last designed and operated on a good many was so often used in paper : perature.” He did no think there was sucn If it was meant that which ould be said to be the flame temperature for hydrogen or carbonic oxide, or any particular gas, he d not think such a thing existed. When one spok« yf flame temperature under certain conditions, meaning tne iverage temperature ol i give! volume of con ining gases, he could understand what was meant but only with the proviso that what was meant was erage temperature and not that the temperature was eally iniform throughout He thought the pnrase uught to be banished once and for all from any scientifi liscussion of the subiect Radiating Effect of the Flame ‘nother point which he wht the a had n ( int Was f i t oO! 11a t depe! ne nea r effect of the flame tne If I e pl ! ipon flame ontact t )! ‘ p erature, | principally rad eff. l ID1¢ foot Oo hydrog‘ l I ! nd express I calo I i mie nel VI vas ying o be liberated it the VI I ¢ ( ipp red in the pt ‘ +o ie ke ne ment ft it the ! t Wt ip! ed I th } t the ne t came DY? l he Ion nd W + the y ‘ ? , ! p the sensible he } produ ~ \ ymbust i Dp ! re } } W rad 1d ft he erv The temp ( nortar 0 r as fF ! reater radiant effect that <« ‘ th ore eff I ne ft t na 1t f ' he iY} ‘ | hestir f oO! ict y ? t é Va he rane? ea } ra it) nt 1 i iffi U ‘ t f ers. He was sorry to fir ont rf p ent of air for complete co1 lr} exce mount o r ought not to be 1 1 lecently designed furnac« It ough » be p ble is and air almost in their theoretical proportio1 fact, with certain methods of combu lone In almost exact theoret proportior \ operly designed ought not to require more thar e? ! exces oO air to burt nm \ fur? ( Essential Duties of a Furnace Mr. Rida aid it had e | t eel furnace had two essentially differ iti fulfill, hav n= to melt the steel and at the sar supply a certain amount of air for oxidation gree that observation in steel-melting furn: xtremely aimeutt Tak ne ras Samples ind ctu 1] hould pe governed by the size of the flues from those chambers He was afraid that it was not a prac furnace depended fortunately users and designers of furnaces did not itly the develop 20 yr. with regard to combustion and flame, and furnaces were stil] mis¢ oncept ions vhich had survived from an anterior period. He did not know how it was possible to define the term which “theoretical flame tem a thing there wa a theoretical constant THE IRON AGE Ma\ ascertaining what was happening in the m gas over a steel bath was extraordinarily not impossible. Under those conditions it wa to go to some of the other metals for par and taking into account the melting furnac metals, he had found it was essential that gas as passed into the furnace must be eith« or less violent state of commotion, volunta ind impinging on the metal, or be projected { as far as possible, if the maximum resu amount of the producer gas passed into was to be obtained. Careful gas tests in certain furnaces ha was only a very small stratum of the gas o1 bath that effectively acted; the rest did not of supplying oxygen for oxidation, and also appreciably by way of heating. If careful o on a furnace were taken with a height of 4 center of the arch over the top of the m + was only the bottom few inches of the were active, and while it had been taught radiation of heat caused by the reverberatio arch was essential, he had found by very ca and a good deal of practical observation that the arch could be brought down very apprs proved the results. Until an ideal firebrick material was obt the construction of the arch a material wl stand a much higher temperature than gas in the steel-melting furnace, there had excessive rise in order to prevent the Spal brick. He had been able to overcome that certain cases by using special bricks for thi dependent parts which acted as an obstruct gas and arrested radiation, but at the same t lependent part of each individual firebrick of was not subjected to any compression strains. | practice that the individual firebrick would ger life than if it were built ery muen ion he arch. He had found that every incl yrtior f an inch that the arch could be lo in ! ith was an advantage, and that sible very appreciably to decrease the amount \ ( l passed n ough tne ir? oO ( ‘ 25 iting effe Proepertions of Hydrogen and Carbon Mo { } ) ? } + +? ‘ I Ss roauce!l 7 (OU) I h | ’ Experience ters reas of hvdyr } K pense ! ( () ind Spoke tf tine i oO} icl hrewd gues the rouble yh vas really lu } is ( nt where ne verag the ! i ! number of years rat ( CO 29.40 H 11.60 per cent Tha Oo r eved with separate contro A He nat ome to é onclus ? oO! ould ‘ is n as wa ( I t ind ! had oticed a tende! teel Wo! I he san a é tior Any ( t princip \ ed ! e desig furn es should take nto accou the t I { 1L1IOT nsiae tne neartn Vii Johns said h had fou a i! properly, at the moment of tappins ipparel! emperatures to w ch 1 col nave » De dded to onvert hen nto derre grade, but wl I vould not aiter their relative Cases had been noted when the block whe entered was actually hotter than the face « block, but this was obviously abnormal always that of th temperature found the surface of the bath, and it is notewor modern practice sought to plunge the strean ng gas on to the surface of the bath, while t! >] ‘> 1919 THE IRON AGE , the exit ports. The temperature ag | ets y often put ind was a ver is tne neighborhood of 1850 deg. ¢ whet mmve ent mater L tel erat A A rule * was good. Heating by radiation wit it high was tried and failed many years ag | “ ty with open-hearth furnace esig lal practice I é ice vas everslDie The ort t e t ntrol the on istio f : ; ; 1 alr would, during the succe¢ S aged in directing the waste gas [ I » 1 stage when they we i { th is mucl nereased it oO | ‘ +} ild only be performed at S ess flow ? ; a ! Replies by the Author piey I re ying » I Py Tess \ a tner tne tempe iture, ¢£ er tne } tne waste gase oing ou I t ’ ssume ind how e hgut vas ! ire throughout were assun ealt with prir les of open-} the actual sizes and dimer irying under different conditior W Pr mperature of 1500 deg., everyone k1 f flame eat up again tne O i vith then He sum¢ f ! . te vase fter the } ‘ vou é onsiderably lower i i! where ust Vas 1 ‘ U ers ne tnougnt 200 de BUILT BY SOLDIERS es irn nea I Co. Makes a Fine Record in Erect ivailabl ing Structures in France ne ( mt she t \f Ar rl é Peale ) ne firs ef eS wi } } Ss tl War Depa é i l I CLOSE to ne ne \ust Ci ( I iry i Vays, Fe ‘ ~ ne Au ipervise the cor f f ntra \ y é é sn) f ne j hia read W d n erect | f ft } ? A ! ngeth o uildi ) y ni } t } roy ! é ‘ r +4 LO } 1 ry OOO f Cert har \ With remar] Mi , 4 vad y Ab 1/ r ~ ‘ { ‘ + #7 } t t ‘ f ‘ vA I S () \ ‘ : ‘ rf Fre ; ‘ . +, the ‘ ‘ = ; y y niet y ? r + 4 +} age nd ur ade | } tine j (000) tems the vas TY ’ J ¢ ; é T t I bolts ; Vas St er ssiste Capt. | \ ; TY tatie oil 1222 THE IRON AGE \ Duplex Locomotive Rod Boring Machine ™ents also permit of drilling or boring Varied cCeé : i r etting Th i é Weel tr ies tron } ( 1 " I I | pit é Milt I é ed ! e « 1 , rie Lai ire { ré (>< Che 1 é nur eel iT i I ror I ) ee ce Transformers for Electric Furr nicn tne I cnine ¢ I De ] LULLY sea The top surface of the bas ; slotted and su A special design of electrical transf« ounded by an | par ast solid with the ist The rrought out by the Electric Furnacs rail is f Y ’ ¢ nte ) Ohio. to s ipply a ni n the ontrol « The sp al id line Ll¢ nas n tri f bearing n heat the bottom ss and of the rail to insure ferrou lose contact und Thess h « y pressurt transfor! of 400 s re, tl idjus city, ar t being made tension s me 2 with the laine ges uner shogs age taps, the top and o1 for 22,000 the rear vib The low t bolted to the i side is fitt le. The sadd 10 specia istabl« ross taps to é meé ns of particu ni? tl SO ] require! end of ‘ furna i “ez ra for moval cle 1 The spit é small fu ‘ liring rit ess Sit¢ rry y Mors I Chi drift ¢ rent Ke l pind rn O i Scot rn heel, ! yr ¥V equippt vitl 5 eans of the special low tension volt er t] . al ’ ed ntir lesired current input may be delivered uugh selective oil break switches that ar [} et h installatio1 With furnace curt , ‘ ! s pointed out that any irnace tempe1 VI I ntain ! f , 4 g Cransf ners of this type have e¢ M e} Braeburn Ste Co., Braeburn, Pa tl I ‘ Y ROO x continuous 1 spit ] } irna hat has been install pin s I l pit rs ana wire This specia ( re ( ! lengtl ng n mut ¢ ry ‘ ? + siow Y t¢ for the re y( v he | state : thou ‘ 1 nne ! Dp f e not used ! lb oan | The exe e office Slocur \ 4 S 1¢ DT f 2 eads | ( lpy . Knapp & Baxter, h exporte of s ented wit é c ’ istn S il¢ I : nounce tne rem¢ i o Ocear Bu er the +} , ; ‘ Tr ‘ . . } } otreet San Francisce itish Machine Shops and Labor Unrest ' a y ‘ } ¥ ¥ 1 = the ind ‘ eT r t for hing 3 f infer I . € yer sougnt the l I iced But wit f } neellation of G ré al y na true eve ned (,reat masses r er e€ tnrow e at east tempor f eon f necessity ela round ft tne avaliable Mechanical Readjustment s of the country are engage I ynstruction of industry it ne Manufacturing concerns whi ’ have been pressed to the u a constantly increasing stream are compelled to bring their to turn their energies to the nt of neir resources on Wor! ful purpose In many cases this new patterns, new tools—yigs g organizations and, most diffi itions with labor. There is a wor t every commodity and for a lor ired to all engineers who can s g the necessary changes in their wi ons a to obtain an earl) Strained Credit and Uneasy Labor lu l perplexing to a degr« mposs ye to s ities are t i f ( t nite f m r iné inre ul snows ttl I na oductive work Money ! es ich an « ! that a false impré ro A 1 I tne pr nti et su ) \bundar tj j \ fy e ial Du 4 ] ! f f re t —— Ameri a the 1224 undertake the necessity of more complete and better machine tool equipment and, with the certainty of much more costly labor and of shorter working hours the provision of really adequate machine tool plant must be faced. Just as the advent of mechanical methods into the textile and similar trades gave rise to the wildest apprehension on the part of the hand-loom weaver that his livelihood would be taken from him, even so the ntroduction of labor-saving machine tools gave rise to similar misgivings in the minds of the old-time fitter But although in bot! nstances some immediate dis irbance and need for adjustment t meet new condi tions arose, yet it was so nade ¢€ ie! that so far from being re iced the ] effect wa argely to ncrease both the dema1 l rr and the amount o ts individual earnings Expansion of Mechanical Engineering Besides the large numb high] | worker re red for the produ rf tl hine tools ther ‘ I I t pme c. 4 neeri ndustry i ( l mprove S al hods created n ¢ r-{ d for bo ! } rowing il ed ) St¢ ! ¢ T yvaces n or r the earni petent orKer W iS¢ ea tv reat as ri I I Lect ) Y na V¢ ear oO and x r ne ) I ! i¢ | bee rare nde oO! pet ! ! iffer ur emplovme But ther ul ( ! ‘ { effect labor br I ibout by the moder ichine tool 4 new as if labor ha fact been ited The ‘ er, the ip make tne inspector he machine tool charge-hand, the machine tool demonstrator, the process setter and the rate xer have a n fact, been prou rht into I by tne moder! machine tool in 1ts pplication Tt nass production This class of labor na en recruited from the more intelligent, the mors earnest, and the more thoughtful among the rank and file. It is a class that is highly paid, and enjoys many opportunities of improvement and promotion to ther and st more important responsibilities The machine tool maker is constantly confronted by instances in which expensive machine tools are bought and installed, and from which the user does not reap the benefit which full measure of the tools are capable of giving. To build a piano needs much skill and ability, but to play it with a master hand S an even more difficult undertaking And so to get from a group of modern tools the output which they are capable of giving needs skill, determination and energy of no mean order. The future would seem to be full of opportunity for the aristocracy of labor in so con trolling the selection, the setting up and the running tools as to justily tne of modern thell capital expended in purchase. There is, of another reaped, though improved machine tools. effect in course, direction in which a has tages from to their essential labor less obviously, great advan Reference is cheapening production of commodities and thus bringing within the of the worker comforts and conveniences which would otherwise have unattainable made immense reach 1 peen Folly of Excluding American Machine Tools It is well that we should acknowledge ness to the United States for machine production builders indebted progress in methods great ex our much of our tool and in workshop American tool were stimulated to a tent by the high level of wages. When labor is ex- pensive, employers cannot afford to waste it. The most efficient methods must be employed and manu factured goods can prices when made in large be spent only be produced at reasonable quantities, and capital must generously in equipping the most complete and efficient manner. In this country for many were at a comparatively and British employers there- fore did not have brought home to them the necessity of employing labor-saving machinery in anything like s0 forcible a the case in America workshops in wages low level, years manner as Was THE IRON AGE Ma There are those who would wish to « markets to imported machine tools, but n ish proposal could be made. The intr American machine tools, developed under conditions obtaining in that country—mas of output and dear labor has service to this country in preparing it similar conditions. Machine tools of excellence are prime necessities to the wi} engineering and allied trades of this count policy which would tend to make it difficu costly for British machine tool users to obt machine tools wherever produced, would sighted as the taxation of raw material. Although it may appear paradoxical, imported machine tools would be a grave to the British machine tool maker, as wi user. Competition is the best stimulus in it is nature’s stimulus—and under it the |] chine tool industry has increased enormous and advanced correspondingly both in d excellence of workmanship. A policy of imported machine tools might temporarily British makers who are either o rest on their laurels without in the long run it both in engineering n machine tool manufacture in particular. | remembered, too, that the immediate effect of tariffs is to increase cost of production, ar caps the British tool and the Brit alike in the neutral markets of the world been of meet inefficient o constant effort, but would result heck to progress, maker New N. & G. Taylor Co. Plant Clubhouse With the providing a saloon, the N. & G. Taylor Co., manufacture ing steel, is putting up a building at its Cumb« Works to be used as a canteen and restroom. Thi partake of the nature of a workmen’s club. It w open to men of the plant at all hours, for use not as an eating place, but for recreation. At one « the building there will be a well-equipped lunc} ter, serving wholesome food, coffee, milk, ice er cold drinks in summer, etc. There will be a large fireplace for winter use, with numerous comfor armchairs, tables for reading matter, period card-playing. One end of the building is reser pool tables. The building is to be located at the mai to the plant and it will have a wide porch exte! the full length of the side facing the entrance road This porch will be well supplied with comf chairs and benches, and the railings will be hor to provide convenient footrests. The interior building will be entirely clear of posts, so that will be no obstructions in case the building is used dancing, moving pictures or boxing matches. The pany’s Target and Arrow brand of roofing tir course, be used. The company already maintains a well-equip} ployees’ building, with individual bat idea of substitute f shower ba modern sanitary equipment; and this new add to add further to the comfort and men at this plant. conveniletr The National Standard Truck Cost Syste: issued by the Truck Owners Conference, South La Salle Street, Chicago. It is is now in use for checking the operation of o trucks, and that it has been found that w posedly accurate truck costs were kept ther variation of 65 per cent in keeping the d or sinking fund record, 21 per cent in handlir tenance changes and 13 per cent in keeping A folder with forms sufficient year is issued for 25 cents; more, 20 cents each. stated for one tru in quantities Shop lighting is discussed in bulletin No. 2 Practices,” published by the National Safet 208 South La Salle Street, Chicago. It inclu cussion with views of various shop lighting 1919 THE IRON NEW TYPE OF ANCHOR AGE flukes of the Allison anchor tend to make it more eff tive in holding than other type Che flukes vide ind more spoon-shaped than any others, and are set Cast Steel Product for Which Special paralk There is no patent about this feature becau Advantages Are Claimed it Is mere tter of des ut the compa ate that the reaso1 design thes a ( teel foundries of the Chester, Pa., dist ive ore gripping . sus the aa years enjoyed the distinction of prod g f the shar d head of the teel anchors of various types than any othe whi he shank sets the country. While true before e war, this I thy f a nas been distinctly enhanced Sa result o i keystone exe t ! ck 11x Among the anchors made before tl} ‘ vad ‘ ( ned the Baldt, Dunn and the le by different foundries in that dis and a s sharp <pansion of the shipbuilding indust1 great de ind for anchors in proportion, with the the ancl e or two new types have been put on thi been par ent among these is the anchor know rners | the salient features of which, as we possil le ! have been furnished THE IRON AGI ness, wh a | Chester, designers and makers of f coolins The med for this new type of anchor is engthe e and construction of the flukes While goes in, t none of the anchors of other here types the various inspection | great act epted by yu ¢ ng the United States Navy, have not held is dropp. ce, it is claimed that the desigr f the together ‘ ‘ i» i rongver é t r ‘ ius if get ‘ ; rner t nu D Die ptt tne enter of the plr VI ! S lerstood, the Na I iiwa t lia! ] pre ire R ] ive been eliminat 1 it has tl tall ‘ i j ’ rh te grea ‘ ent irantes ey g ral tne Lil esigne i na ne i n the top end tne al ne i DY the t met ffering a stronger and heavier issurance I I reaKkage whe i inch 1 which. of course, includes the fa cig! witr ‘ voignt f the il no and ' r 1226 THE for when anchors are dropped, and hit hard surfaces at the bottom of the sea, many of them are broken Owing to the lecking feature of the g ip of the shank claimed as it is readily discernible that were one of th c neads of the Allison < ncho1 to cra k, the feature of this grip would hold the cracked pieces together and the head of the anchor would not locking be lost, for as soon as the head of an anchor cracked the breaking of the anchor is completed by the pull when the pulling strain is placed on the anchor. Be ‘ause of the free movement in the core where the shank works, there is sufficient movement to permit easy passage of water and such other matter as might otherwise foul and clog the anchor. It is stated that all the preliminary and subsequent tests of the Britis} Bureau i i iil Lloyd’s and the American of Shipping have been successfully passed without d The Allison anchors are in use by the United States Navy, with all tests successfully met. From the manufacturing standpoint the anchor is claimed to be there are n 1+ culty a success, becauss ) points in its construc hat are complicated either in the forgings or the tion -astings Slot Milling Machine \ machine run carriages ¢ designed for milling internal grooves 1¢ i y it adapted for slotting holes over 7 limits manufactured by Providence, R. | A rigid 1 motor driver itter and feed, heavy in diameter within practical the Be box bed milling bar and aman & Sm individua supports, revolving table for making two slots with one set-up of the work and a fast for ward principal characteristics of the The milling .cutter is bar driven through speed motor Pa