The Iron Age 1919-04-10: Vol 103 Iss 15

New York, April 10, 1R55 Administrative Problems Facing the Newcomer in HAIN has so many and various applications — tion that the production is steadily on the increase, for its manufacture usually highly profitable and It is replacing leather, needs its sale comparatively easy. There are no trade a highly specialized type of that cannot be eas and fully iIppied 1919 In This Field of Special Manufacturing E. R. MINER secrets, no requirement Knowiedge, no 1DO! through regular and local channels. fabricated products, solid rods, wire, rope and cable. In considering chain the question of sale Ina thousand ways, where trial has shown some ad- losely connected with the question of plant equi] vantage as to wear, strength, use or cost, chain is ment To decide upon making chair not suff taking the place of other materials. It would seem cient, there are some thousand f different that new markets are ever ready if a firm can uses for chain, each ¢ e calli Or a pal supply the goods; the field appears inexhaustible. ticular kind or size. It become mportant, ther and hardly a day passes but some one presents a_ fore, to determine what field of activity it a new outlet for this every-day article. There are sirable to take up, so that es and type : ‘WO totally distinct fields: 1) The light chain may be decided upo1 larket, or everything of a size which allows the Chain being a far ar article yener ist se tomatic machinery for making the chain t would be a waste of time and space to enter int 2) the eavy or wrought chain market, that in technical details of construct Lhe t ludes t} arger sizes of chain where each link is present the subject of chain making probier andied re or less as an individual operation. for the executive department, cover those p t As a mmercial proposition, the manufacture that will give a thorough grasp of the busine most interesting on those types and sizes that whole and omitting much that purely a quest the gest natural demand, can be made auto yf mechanical detail and read gained | machinery at little cost for labor, hase equipment ment o1 lently guarantees not only a large ' ; Han with amall coovkend cae: What Constitutes Small Chain ess of output that is little disturbed Sufl to : U manufacturing difficulties and ques sutoma nine U onditions of demand and automati n diar er produced Ir vert . re met most fully by sizes that car the fli etal chain ir Both th e COV metal up to and including !5 in. in’ wire a ribb met purcnast CO sizes would represent approxi feeds into the machine f1 oo mn er tne ate nt of the market. hain the greater the length o re t I eta ae ne f these and tne er the machine Opportunities I vithout tne ttentior essal to bring : the manufacture of chain offers new coils to the machine One man might attend t 2 : it can be grasped by any fairly well six small chain machines, whereas he could only ade & ree. Asa strictly manufacturing quately manage two of the larger size . aking of chain, within the limit of is a comparatively simple proposi- Co., Bridgeport, C 935 In the nomenclature of the coiling stage it becomes trade anything is a wire that can be coiled When it gets beyond the rod or flat The flat sneet. rrr 926 THE IRON AGE Apr ribbon stock is called wire, and specifications would than manufacturers generally realiz ordinarily read wire of some certain thickness and of quality buyers can easily be added widtl The definition of a chain would be, as of publicity that educates the care sembled and connected links made from wire of recognize that the usefulness of chain specified dimensions and desig) The metal of the depends upon its strength and the le ink mav be round, half-round, flattened on two t will last when ubjected to the des, square, flat or a) tther shape. but it 9 tions for which it is proposed to us¢ re, metal that feeds into the machine from a coll. Nearly ever dog owner has had o go into deta to size and kind « vire used if purchasing a chain that the dog oive it ‘ ort} hile information. at a time when he could be accused Fundamentals borhood mischief. The farmer has | The manufacturer contemplating the king o yr horses get away, his load tumble chain 1 . neu the owins me other experience connected wit points: ness Of a cnain. Manufacturers, co Fyne © lati ake. » Other users of chain have all had su the shane of the wire he wis! a earn tt and at times costly accidents. These >. ‘Rinne Af nak ben not be argued, reminders are amp 8 Strength that ie aio hould have as q 4Adlter these experiences the dog owne: standard larger, more awkward and often, 1. Selection of wire stock. according to shape with the dog, clumsy-looking chain, the size and strengtl in for bigger sizes and heavier links 5 Kind of chain-making machine and tools that ‘facturer and contractor follow the sai would pe fitted ror operating upon tne materials a majority Ot cases these larger selected bersome, they are not, for that re: The selection of these factors wou'd be governed tory and tne} could be replaced by by an examination of the chains now upon the Chain that was made in a specified n market, a study of the trade to be supplied, or guaranteed material. Anyone can unde? «a chain made from lead would not hold 1 der tension the links would open up at and pull apart. Soft iron will do the s: is only a question of degree as regards té The temptation for manufacturing chea) lies in the fact that it does not require s¢ there are always cheap goods houses ready to possibly the specifications of some patent acquired. In any event the purchase of chain-making equip- ment would be governed absolutely by san ples of chain and not by printed tables of sizes and kind. The Magic of a Trade Name Chain is not only produced in great variety of styles and sizes, but the same Sst} le of chain 'S anything that looks all right and is offered cheay often known under several different names. Three enough. A further temptation is the fact that this factories making identical chain may have CACM att sanbal “tn tees wearing on the tools created a trade name for their product, and each jyachines can be speeded up to the limit; also, t wire can often be picked up as jobs, condemne lots or for some other reason, cheaply. one will hold the good-will of his individual trade through publicity that has produced a demand for that chain by name. In such case it is a matter of self-protection to have the chain marked in some Value of a Well-Regarded Trademark way that is easily identified by the buyer. This could be done on the links, but it is more often done by crimping a soft metal tag to one of the links for every so many feet of chain. Problems of this kind belong to the sales and advertising departments rather than to the manufacturing end of the A solid, substantial, lasting and profitabl business should rest upon a foundation of material used, and in links that are individually we formed and collectively well put together. Starting on this basis, a simple, easily pronounced a! remembered “trade name” should be origi! business. 7 Suppose the name selected is “Victor tegular trade names for various chain are: Sin- same name should be used for every type gle jack, double jack, ladder, triumph, Oneida, jjnq of chain made that stands for ‘quality brown, bull dog, Niagara, sash, trap, toilet, plum- mistake to have several trade names, if each bers, hoist, safety, jewelers, flat metal, flat link, is about equal. Concentrate! Make the buyer trace. These general names are more or less mis- leading, as in different parts of the country a “safety” chain, for instance, might be any one of several entirely different types. In the illustration there is shown all the common styles of chain. stand, and force him to the final conc! “Victoria” chain of any kind or description |s ¢ chain—chain that can be relied upon. To distinguish the types it is onl) to hook up the common names as “Vict Marketing Chain “Victoria sash,” etc. Mark the chain i! In marketing chain the same general sales prin- that leaves no doubt about identificatio! ciples hold good that would be applied in the mar- could be done by stamping some trad keting of any other product. In looking over the symbol on the links, by crimping a meta! ! g | field there will be found a great deal of cheap stuff every given number of links, by paint made from poor and weak metal. This is unbranded twenty-first link red, or by any other lik chain from factories unknown to the consumer. A good identification mark should Purchased for a miscellaneous number of purposes, easily as an advertising slogan thus: it probably gets by in over 50 per cent of the uses “Victoria’”—The chain with the red to which it is put, but there is always that part “Victoria’”—Look for the word ‘\ of the trade that must have, for some special use, link. chain of a guaranteed strength and reasonable “Victoria”’—Count twenty and lasting quality. There is that other trade that soft brass tag. knows quality is always a better buy than mere As “Victoria” chain, not just cha price. helps to create a market. As trade-1 The percentage of buyers who must have, or who “Victoria” means just one particular c! prefer buying, the quality goods is much larger one individual manufacturer. To t 10, 1919 neans the use of the smallest and most for this purpose; the service and the thing wanted. continued business along profitable price cutting. It is one manufac Sales under these conditions mean Depending upon the ment, coupled with publicity, advertis- tive work, a company can be } jled sizes liability name ness taking orders. a leader total run- whole res, or st bv the istom- them eat a rratil R nave t you ¢ run in ner Too grows pathway nv tall pushing over to obstruct and confuse the Chain-Making Machine of whole, if we have a “good thing” we ler about it,”’ build a nice wide asphalt publicity leading up to it and go out ways and byways of business and yank nerate onto the asphalt. For this kind nanufacturer there is: 1) The regular 2) the special trade, or those manu- nd others requiring chain to use as a product; (3) the created market 01 4 ? IRREIGN TRADE CONVENTION : Will Be Held in Chicago, April 24 to 6—Mr. Farrell Will Preside ‘th convention of the National Foreign was held in Cincinnati last April the vas “The Part of Foreign Trade in Wi iy.” This year, however, different condi ind the general theme of the convention, held in Chicago, Thursday, Friday and ril 24 to 26, will be “Foreign Trade Esse1 in Industry.” All general sessions will estra Hall, 216 South Michigan Avenue rrell, chairman National Foreign Trade ill the first general session to order rning. The following addresses will be “ffect of Increased Productive Capacity gn Trade,” Edward Prizer, president Co.; “America’s Financial Equipment fo Fred I. Kent, vice-president Bankers’ he Interest of Labor in Foreign Trade,” War Industries Board; “The Element of American Exports,” William Pigott tle Car & Foundry Co. nd general session, Thursday afternoon, 5S. Culbertson, U. S. Tariff Commission, “The Bargaining Tariff,” and J. W. Hook, 1 Machinery Co. of America, will speak THE IRON AGE 937 i é ises fT i ‘ ] ) ‘ me tner ter i i fie rst two ese t ? (] Pe! pointed ut { msiaera ‘ I t t Ke! tne new uses rwrti [ ‘ it « PEt Ever vO up a adder roup steps guarded Dy i steps were on shipboard or and: remember? nand ! It used to e ! t lhe a rs ? ’ ’ It é t ma é l with : ru er! } se ? nva tube , ¥ i ma rityv of es t s cha y \ evry e ; ered +} itle 7 ! ( now There re r t! isa feet 16 ‘ ’ ; ¥ pose each veal Another ttle Se € ker iiter |! l det tn ticed an elect pparatu i department ré There wa rie part tnat re’ VADIE \ i the cle K na ref illy + ed th part to the rest of the outfit tring about 10 In. long. Plex ty iong to a Ww ren val and pienty short to prevent loss. TI vhole incident was put ip to the manufacturer of the electrical equipment At ompanied } \ several an pies ol SIT all { ha I | day this removable part 3 fastened by 6 n. of nickel chain—hardly a1 idditior t on a single nstrument, but amounting to ver 5O0O00 ft \f chain on a vear’s output There are ilwa market | eré always salesme1 The Sta kK ffs \ l ) e Foreign Trade P \ € tnir { I SESS . ni r 1 Americ t ] vill ‘ issed Dy mbe? spea rs In ] PT j . ns Frida a rnoo! Foreign ¢ ind Credit | rmatio1 Direct Selling and Representatior 1 Export Cor o1 | be considered. Andrew Young, traft Ame! Sheet & 7 Plate ( , re ! ddress I 1 J I Ma t for | por \ he inqu { gress H I day eve ‘ J é \. Farr peak on “Ame in Mariti Pp and Hi Frank C. Lowden, Governor I f State pe ( I ( Dip Foreign Trad I ( | man U.S. & Board e Future Our Fore Trade In the Saturday mor g f secs ns W he re tne ne? ry MacEwan, of P irg 1 A. R. Turt of Char e, N. C., have opened offices at 1214 R Building Charlotte, N. ‘ he practice of archit e and engineering unat he firm name of Lee, Macl & furnbull. A. R. Turnbull is e general The firt ll be glad to receive t 938 THE IRON AGE April GASES OCCLUDED IN STEEL the heating of the tube. After again ex} tube, the experiment was commenced a ‘ nen over 10 days, the period of heating being Composition, Volume and Effect on Properties— day; and at intervals during each day the Y Temperatures of Evolution and Critical Point lected and analyzed. The volume and c« the gases are given in Table 8 in the orig At a general discussior l the occlusio! Or gases In the case of the steel with blowholes. n metais it a recent ne¢ of the | raday Society possible were cut open in order to allow th (British) ‘ vhich Sir Robert Hadfield presided, tained in them to escape, the object being paper, “Gases Oeccluded in Steel,” wa presented Dy gases from the solid portion of the steel, Dr. Thomas Bake An abstract follow ontained in the blowholes for a future It is well nown that iron and steel are capable of Some further experiments were carrit holding in solution or otherwise considerable quant tain the effect of such operations as es of gas, and th these are often far from neg mechanical work on the volume and comp: Pr ible Many investigators have attacked the problen gases A piece of the sound steel was a vith the object Ee rtaining tne omposition and temperature of about 1200 deg. C., and lume of these gases and their effect on the physica tracted in the manner already described: changes were observed in either the con volume of the gases. No numerical resu] for this experiment, since they are simp f those already given for the same st ( treated condition. | order to investigate the « ffect of m« an ingot from the same cast of soft st already employed was rolled down from 9 plate 9 in. wide by % in. thick, and a pi — , Coe ttle is known on this from a position corresponding as nearly evond the part they pia n the production of blow that of the piece from the first ingot. TI Bl cea f brittlens wi this experiment are embodied in Table 4 leveloped by ] iper Some vears ago the aut irried it an invest In Table 5 the results of all the expe va n with tl ’ ' nt ed obiect and a to « ollected Krom these it appears that the ‘ sts. between tl S practically the same throughout the se ire of evolution of the gas and the critic points of the volume varies considerably In the : S Ve ! } } Tt? ‘ Y , ror ’ i ne Dtaline S S € nplove ne i re | 4 ot ’ ‘ T | f i ne ) i ) > ( rt g ese pass ¢ fy ' 1 v¢ ‘ \r } ’ ‘ I t t t i y 4 ry? ryt ’ ¥ } ends e \ Y ey) ole The ? 1 ve? eter! 4 ip ¢ \ I a I I Before starting eel and steel with blowholes, the variat ( Sable r | 1 S easily ex} iined, since the latter nything I : , ; for nin olidifying would boil off the greater par periods I a re I LOO i ne ise of the soft ingot, wl h also © { I rio e! ring of blowholes i smaller ] ght reasonably be expected when compare ound steel. It is also evident that a mecl uch as rolling squeezes out a very portion of the gas, which in the present ipout one-! ilf. With the hard steels, nydrogen reache s ate of evolution at 600 deg., and below tl ire constitutes the greater part of the gas Carbon monoxide is slowly evolved from the compositio1 me of LS¢ tained it f the experiment, and reaches its maximu! these experiment e el died in Table 2 N oY evolution at 688 deg., a temperature which as rection has been 1 for these gases in the result well with that of the Av,-, point. With the s vases rol t $s sample ol hydrogen again forms the greater portion « : tes ollected at temperatures up to 660 deg., a1 It is interesting t not that Fo I tnat tne a maximum rate of evolution at 609 deg. It uughly dried oxygen, wh« ve} hroug in othe liffers from the hard steel in that it ha wise empty redhot porcelain tube, persistently yielded maximum at 786 deg., the temperature at mall quantities of water—3 mg. during the first arbon monoxide also reaches its maximul hour, 0.7 mg. from the twelfth to fourteenth hours evolution. This latter temperature is abou \ piece of one of the steels, weighing about 60 between the A: and A, points. Whether tl rrams and having a thermocouple inserted in one end, are the ones evolved from the steel or are was next placed in the tube, the latter exhausted, and nteraction between those actually evolved is the vacuum maintained for 48 hr. before starting that still demands solution. ay Iron Castings from Electric Furnace ‘ Duplexing with the ( Qualities Bestowed on the Iron by Superheating and Refining Electricall rt d cles ¢ ed from or inspired by diver ¢ i otto Herou t elect I } y nheimer Co.. Cir nN) ) ™ i near Ve ears I Ti ‘ +} electri furnace nt ne f I> S t i I V1de rea nd irresist t { ror is oy” nas eel ‘ entior () tnat tne if ‘ nd efficient i irkable degre¢ mightv to be erwhelme | irnace, as we e esta ( Limitations of the ¢ foundries Howevet ( } el ) fur ‘ S rer ‘ y) y ( ( istings, at p c fr } I or n ie? eng T iT eff i I i y y os ‘ ‘ i £ y ‘ is 3 i ¢ I i ) D i prope ‘ y il eT r } eng i er o ‘ i \ f y y ? i ~ ()} \ er () » ' ‘ ¢ é here high-pressure ? w.erne 4 ; empel ] t I ‘ ’ e p f ! {) Dp I ‘ ppara o ’ in ever ‘ na oct ‘ \ ‘ é t é ] QQualities Existing and Demanded ene i A ; ‘ ] y ‘ t I ‘ e ¢ 1? The } y nde mpre mpact byy , < , : Duplexing in the Irs roundry g ind O ] ‘ i ] ort y — ¢ t ) ‘ et va +h, . ‘ j ¢ cted é > 4 ‘ ? re t ‘ ’ ‘ i i lens necsc y ] ] perfect ns cn 5 os ay } ‘ ’ \ i ¢ o f ; ‘ T Té t \ e I not le ol y nto < il } ‘ ) nere ‘ | @ t exceptior re ] é re : ‘ he } e high melting p ting } I"} y y ry lw ihe S st easily ‘ : t t : , es nave r vr Y heir make-up. Medium at ) ‘ ? ‘ far the greatest pa ’ ’ tT rr y : I ou ries oO ¢ yu rai . 4+ 4 A ¢ -™ < + ry ’ , prese he bas irna s preferred ‘ F t C s desired s ent ‘ Dp a tine ‘ eho < é the preference f Hor t 940 THE amount of refining is advantageous, the basic furnace should be used It is true that the acid are electri furnace exerts a considerable refining influence by vir tue of the reducing nditior » readily maintained in t. On the other hand, the refining tenden the Sit furnace is so much more pronounced and so readily re sponsive, that the iron charge is perforce refined the same time it is being superheated. By the time the harge has reached the pouring temperature it also has reached a highly refined condition; and, among other results, the sulphur has been reduced very materially, provided, of course, tl rop ind 1 1 g has beer nal! i ed Sulphur and Its Removal Suipnur i I ef nsidered a ecessary ¢ Ul re not or mily I loned, Dut ( iSlo i ~ ¢ ted WIT! ( rtall benefits No dou ner re i w of t for era nere iSOI t r e ft i ry ich pettel I $ I rt nauces | A W I exce ' I vied ! ouncrie S pt $ AS Y A ( lit Ul I ter ¢ severe tes g r ire I Slug pisnnes l Ss a S ed { ! r Il tne ! I if sulphu il ! ~ nes \ mediu yr hig t ntent is in¢ e in the product of cul ice, wl é is elect furnacs yract 41 e11n 4 most 1 matter cour e ba electi rnace remove mos he sulphu hile the tal is being super heated This rea make ssible for the elect furnace certain obvious compensating economies in the hoice of raw materials used in the cupola phase of the proce lror n fre t cupola with 0.100 pet ent sulphur, I lergoing about 25 min. heating in the basic electric furnace under the proper reducing slag generally w ( uin about V.U5U pe ent. One heat the author has mind was reduced rom U.U90 sulphur to 0.022 per cent and another from 0.088 to 0.018 per cent This po I I ) Wa pnut I gray-iron castings may pos } field for netallurgica I tigatior ( 7 revu T oT 1 rrapnitk 5 p ¢ ) ] é ter é I fur? ice B D £ | tne ce pe fore adding the fy é 1 pe al ca Or in with accut ( iced t y d red extent By this simple nf eans, #1 ! the s ealled ser ‘ qu y ma b ned ¥ ore niformity « nposition, structurs rength Uniformness ng differ¢ neats, nor n the ndividual heat ( irl egulatioz ted tem! ir al i ] enent I ele I furnace tl) ; i tins +} ; eptiona jua . [tel n 1 tor a rare react dad by + ry OU ‘ | ' sed to go unde} ( ume of s¢ st Corre ancl! ne « ned and unco ! S tte! I no gre in ne elect nace Dy he vica S ans of the el ed, the DD? l rie re 1 il bor mntrol, a rr ed é I é 1b ‘ ertais Alloy Additions Possibl 1 tne f1 I ur n the pos ma £ rnact iditions of manvanese ind ovunse ele envs fo. rticula purposes, V I lt naving to ¢ pect more r ie ippre < losses: the manganese losses are ? Uther benelts there are, but they are of a well-known order, so that their repeti- tion here would be commo! é he one big advan- tage from the standpoint of composition is the absolute control of mixture, making duplication of results more a matter of correct calculation and the effect of happy accident A concrete obtained in A rather example of results actually everyday running practice may be of interest. IRON AGE Ap \ ordinary mixture of pig iron and found melted as usual in the cupola, transfer electric furnace and there superheated ay der a lime slag. The untreated iron was tion “arbitra that broke under an average transverse regularly giving standard (1350 kg.) with a deflection of 0.10 After treatment in the electric furnacs the same kind of bars breaking at slig lb. (2000 kg.) and at a deflection of 0.11! The specific gravity y was increased fron About 25 min. the time of the el treatment, and the current consumption for 2000 lb. (910 kg.) of iron. was Possibilities of the Dual Proce At the beginning of the paper the aut several concrete cases which seemed to ju posed dual process, and now before closi define broadly some classes of iron cast it may be feasible. In the first place, the there is exacted ur idity and other physical properties. § castings for which those castings that are difficult to rur ing thin sections and relatively large lere are those castings of high quality foundry cost is but a very small part of of the finished article. For the well be called t furnace in co) the direct metal from the blast furnace, irnace I moment ipola, attention may tages in using the electric lling the triple réle of mixer, sup: would refiner. sSucn eHucn process make poss gray-iron castings almost direct from th« a cost very little higher than that of 01 lo conclude, the author wants to emphas that the cupola and electric furnace duplex p not recommended by him as a practicability for ordinary iron castings under Pra y iron is but rather as a convenient and « circumstances, efficacious substitute for the cupola proce raordinary castings or for extraordinary c Chromium and Tungsten Magnet Steels ( pared A good een conducted at the Reichsanstalt in G« + } deal of research work on mag le War; a part having been published chaftliche Abhandlungen, but only a part to London Engineering. One of the points is the substitution of chromium steel for Bar magnets of chromium steel, stored for a out any disturbance, kept ic moment constant within 0.3 per cent the the changes limits of the experimental error in the s year. As regards constancy to heat concussions and temperature coefficient th steel proved equal to tungsten steel; in nce, the best chromium steel d tungsten steel. The temperat diminishes w carbon and was fou carbon igate the suitable peing’ exposed to net cases observed were and remane to the best magnetic moment content of dissolved n a 1.40 per cent steel. ratio of magnets a ly 22 cm. in length and 0.6 cm. in y shortened to a length of 2.4 cn ing raised the temperature coefficient cent. up to 4.2 per cent. The ratio of lengt! (1/d) was also found not to be without infi magnetometer determination of the coe! When the value of l/d below 10, thes tions gave too low values; practically th important. invest . > 1 tne case of Dar fell The Matthews Engineering Co., Sandus added to its line of automatic lighting plants size of 300-watt rating, 32-volt type. 1919 REMOVABLE SLAG POCKET Schedule of Repairs yen-Hearth Oper: ( ) { : nda be lu eTa + x e ne S \ | : é a } i \ i Or T » We n¢ } } YD é for D i ad ad HA) yp , Ah ah ch) iy yy * ay ~ = ? ) Y A-A re r } r 4 rable t ition - » al ns = 4 e ep ‘ > Ww THE IRON AGE 94 Designed al — | : = Ih : 1 | 1) | | EHH | } He | \| | it eed 942 THE IRON AGE April THE BELGIAN STEEL INDUSTRY which the necessary refractory materia ordered in England. Of the 12 rolling mills all but two Cockerill Works a Typical Example of Existing and as those which remain are the plate ar Conditions—Signs of Life Appear these will be the initial products of the cor work is resumed on the restricted scale A recent article on the reconstruction of Belgian will not, however, be possible to make a ec industries appearing in the Engineer, London, describes’ in the Bessemer converter shop for a long t the present condition of Belgian steel plants. Referring and the famous rail mill, the first to be to the Cockerill Works, the correspondent states that, Continent with a direct reversing engin of the many departments, not one remains intact to-day. has made an enormous output, is not likely The position in the steel works is that of the seven for another 18 months, the intention bein blast furnaces; five are practically destroyed, but it the materials of construction in the shop is hoped that two can be put in operation, one perhaps pany. within a few weeks, and another in the course of a The bridge and boiler-making plant wa few months, if the necessary material for the repair six large workshops served by between 30 work can be obtained as well as the ore and coke for head cranes. The whole of this important working. The company possesses the refractory ma- is in ruins. Cranes have been removed, as terial for the blast furnaces. The fuel question is, how whole of the eruipment and large stocks of In the forging department many heavy p: nstalled, including two vertical 2000-ton pr hammers and a line of re-heating furnaces of destruction has been carried out her: ticular completeness, and although the 2000-ton presses has been remoy cumulator has been destroyed, which remains cannot be empl foundries for the molding of iro: and the special foundry for bro ing, as well as the tire and ax ment, where the Arbell stam; ess was employed, have bee tirely out of commission The enemy enlisted the of metallurgical professors and Ger steel makers to instruct the purel) tary element as to the preciss a by which an undertaking which was s powerful a rival of the Germa: Coke Oven Plant (In cirele) A view of the steel works ever, very important, as no good coking coal is easily trade could be most effectively destroyed. Appa™ available to-day. the work has been carried out with more With regard to the melting plant, four of the five thoroughness here than elsewhere, although Bessemer converters are gone, and the other is dam there is not much to choose between this and ot aged, and it will be necessary in the first instance works. Care was certainly taken at Seraing in Pp to attempt to make a start with the open-hearth plant, the blast furnaces out of commission to strikt two units of which can, it is hoped, be put into working very heart of this productive machine, and VOT Wa condition within a comparatively short period, and for cally every instance where a part‘cular sh 0. 1919 THE IRON AGE o45 astated, a key section of it was re ve trations portray very vividly the scene « vhich the visitor is confronted in every t is not merely that the important items ment have been removed, but that where ther impossible because of difficulties ack of time, wanton destruction was aluable machinery being broken up at ing dragged from their beds by locomotiv: through chain attachments the steel works shows what has bes r the cemetery, as in it was deposited kage which the enemy was unable which remains as evidence of the manne? ‘tion of these works was acc \ithough a considerable quantity of ordinary lable, the enemy evidently preferred t f it behind, and to break up machine tools pliant I order to provide scrap steel for istries It is estimated that some 12,001 i rap, a great deal of which was obtained ir has been sent into Germany. material considerable period removed at the ms per day ilarly flagrant case of theft was large 10,000 hp. gas engine which mpleted in 1914, and which is ff many years’ experience with the removal of this ma- emy persistently searched intl they liscovered the iwings, which were also lant Destruction Noted yy American Engineer e R. George, chief engineer in Construction Co., Worcester, Train of Rolling M _ Ks ng an extended stay in France, Belgium ‘ ted Kingdom, studying conditions as they teel industry, and particularly, of course, as ; future business of his own company, tures rolling mill equipment. In a letter ' Z I eve, Feb. S, he says of conditions p | W r Liége are located the pr S 5 | 944 THE A Pyrometer for Brass and Bronze An alloy has been developed by the Hoskins Mf Co., Detroit, from which, it is stated, a satisfactory pro tection tube can be made which allows the use of Hos kins pyrometers in meas temperature of molten brass and pronze. [he Lu be consists ot three parts, as shown * > pectio!r B telescopes nto the upper end of the sean tube D, and tl protection tube C i 1 s 1 iesSs steel the lowe} 10 in. long, is made of t new alloy and 1s the part inserted the end. metal into The thermo-couple A _ is entirely encased in_ the tube and can be renewed. The alloy tip and th thermocouple are the parts which require ri newal. When the molten metal ultimately destroys the alloy tube, it can be removed and a new one in stalled. A shoulder is cast the upper end of th tip and this engages in the shown on the tube D, being held in its place by giving it a half-turn, and then packing the con nection with a special refractory cement. only on collar If the tube is used to complete destruction or to a point he l | the ther couple, ot course t This part, and then twisting and rewelding the wires. This procedure can be repeated until the couple reaches a length of 3% ft The couple can be changed unwelded end can be molten metal can reach he can be done by cutting off the damaged where t no I} latter has to be repaired. when it must be renewed. end for end; that is, the welded ; to re r rewelding it Hoke Precision Gages Now Available The Pratt & Whitney Co., Hartford, Cont announces it has secured the manufacturing rights for the Hoke prec gages, wnicl ire now eing made the Bureau of Standards as inspecti ind reference sets for arr ind 1 use The blocks were produced he Bureau of Star ards by W. E. Hoke, of St. Louis, fir as an employes of the bureau, and later as a major of ordnance. The bureau is now producing Hoke ks withi mits of three millionths of an inch, and the greate1 part of these snow no error otf a milliontn made by optical methods. The Pratt & Whitney Co. will f of gage blocks a signed certificate Standards, 1easurements are irn'sh with each set from the of particular gage by Bureau identifying the blocks IRON AGE April serial numbers, and with a statement of errors found in each block. While for tool: degree of accuracy represented by the m inch is not necessary, they are prepared with such a limit when required. The blocks are approximately 1 in. s ; in. countersunk hole through t of are | ne centet necessity cumbersome viates the where stack of blocks assembled WI1tl tachments at the ends, as these can be hel I in. rod and countersunk screws. ] difficult to handle without temperature b] which are due to varping vt ne used cnanges, sn The first sets ready for the market w ve blocks, 1 in., 0.5 in., 0.3 in., 0.2 in., 0.1 The addition of % ir s in. sizes will provide any eighth or any 2% in. in a set of eight blocks. The furt] of 1/16 and 0.05 in. blocks, making te give any sixteenth or any 0.05 in. interval The company iall surface plates, liameter, with two which blocks » any tenth up to 2 in. In. 7 toolmake) tool Ster lapped su is also offering of hardened accurately can wrung. sn rage be New Type Wash Bowls for Sh \ new type of apparatus providing fo erable number of persons washing at the has been put upon the market by the Mar Equipment & Engineering Co., Boston. The offered have not only a common water sup} common waste, as in the earlier types, but mon vent. The teries; bowls are furnished in double celain enameled bowls; and with faucets, or n desired. A paper entitled “The DeLamater Iron Works Cradle of the Modern Navy,” which was read in Philadelphia on Nov. 14, 1918, of tl ‘an Society of Naval Architects and Marine |! has been published as a souvenir book. It H. F. J. Porter, consulting New \ spent four years after leaving college in 1878 DeLamater Iron Works, which is perhaps b as the seat of the activities of Capt. John Er the building of the Monitor and the develop! erally of much now on. The form of was a feature of a recent annual dinner of the of the DeLamater works, and it a bronze memorial tablet on the front of th: meeting engineer, recognized essentials as construct souvenir volume f is now propose Every bowl is trapped and vented with hot and cold, or one temperature of with plain cast-iron, galvanized iron, or vitrifi pier, New York, which occupies the site of th: The Union Switch & Signal Co., Swissvale, purchased machinery for finishing cam shafts, and will be ready to make deliver the first of June. It manufactures its own crank shat 4 or sing] { Q American Electrochemical Society Electric Furnaces in the Foundry—New Use Silicon and Titanium—Released War Information Motion Pictures of Heat-Treatinge Furnaces Pema 6 > plexing with the Cupola \\ | ( ( | ( He ' +} Movi Pic € | ic¢ y r ri . ir 4 | Some Disadvantages I \ 945 946 THE IRON AGE Apr idvantage of the electric furnace the difficulty in private initiation and organization, but harging it, the removal of slags and the surging of the port, headed by Dr. Carl Hering, favor: irrent Mr. Moore, in reply, stood by his assertior ment ownership of such interests. The n that the electric furnace for acid stee heaper tha was rejected by a large majority vote of the small open-hearth furnacs Two honorary members were chosen Dr. Edgar F. Smith, provost University inia, and Dr. Charles F. Chandler, prof: \ paper by B. S. Klugh, Southern Manganese Co try, Columbia University. Scniadie t = of Si | ( Mar vanes " \ is not } ie : te New Officers ut was presented abstract fro the manu pt ' The new president of the society fi Dr. Richard The author d issed the result of year is Lieut.-Col. W. D. Bancroft, Che: iking various silicon-manganese a s fr varying Section, U. S. A., and professor of che: rr n two rectilinear open-top electi furnace University. The new vice-presidents elect: some cases high-grade manganese ores and gs i To N. Dorr, W. R. Whitney and Dr. Carl | vere used and the yield, com} { ! ither details H. C. Parmelee, E. Blough and R. E of the practice were ¢ ! elected as managers. B. G. Salow was r An nteresting tatement is the experience irer and Dr. Joseph W. Richards was ag ising ast-furnace s m which a product co ecretary taining bout 17 per ent ma ranese and ‘0 per cent - - icon with carbon under 1 pe ent was mad \bout . o > r i SUBSIDIES WITHDRAW 4OO0 | gr per tor YD? ict Was I! iuce ind OY ner ent of the ma ec n the =} ir wa re ‘ red 7 oF as a : a at ae No More Payments on Cold-Blast |} \ a ) prod i Wa ( © { U I ; 0 per cent s y 1 30 per ce British Government KE. F. Northrup, ir paper “Princi} of Induct ; a WASHINGTON, April 8.—Consul Gen Heat th His requency Currents,” present os “be SKinner a london has cabled tha Une ’ eee : Munitions there has withdrawn certain « f f tr ! { ter ee = idies payable on cold-blast pig iron l} : a : has been made in consequence of an arr: ‘ ? anvt} r or y ile t that t » a 4 . _ 4 aw ?’ the manufacturers [he Ministry of M authorized an advance of 11s. per ton o1 price effective from April 1 This advat the increase of 15s. effective Jan ‘ will r: New Use for Silicon and Titanium ise It ind 1 mum price for home sales to £10 &s. 6d pel oped during tne wa € of the re maker’s works. The export price remains 1 £11 12s. 6d., but the export drawback wil nese metals it I ; mount of increase in home price. screens used in con ting th iomarine tact une The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Con en TI i presented by two pa} » ont also made public a report from Madrid cor ‘Ss yn Tetracl le,” by O. Hutchins, and anoth ew law proposed by the Spanish Government ‘The Role Played by Silico: nd Titanium Tetrac] port duties on ores and metals. Based on ar es Dur he P W G. A. R t I rate of $0.193 peset he proposed ' A ¢ rayed ta 04.6 follows: i hvd resenct Pyrites, $0.338: other iron ores, $0.29: or I S| ry re I ! . per ent of coppel SU.) a i¢ IC it { ) re thar 1 per cent rf el inganese » Z other ores not specil l ipon the contents of wolfram and oxide of ist ! plat ind pig in 33.46 pig f 1 el eal Y plg iead, d7.00 i@ad pipe Do Steam Power Cost in Pittsburgh a ) 1 genera mport license to be known s Pl oO! the cost t steal powe tne effective Apt 7, 1919, covering the imp irgh dist ila en gt ted in lat the United States from Mexico, Cuba, H tations, vhe ff -px | r 1s ed ect Domingo, and all countries of Central and S nen 1 t ( purpose 1, except British and French possess per, P I mit re mmodities, with certain exceptions, amo! P . , ( é ) th f wing: Pig tin, tin ore, tin conc ( Pitt | or et vs containing tin, and tungsten ort rf e en ! n tin 1S Still being Mall rene} igreement among the ass¢ ts. Licenses for importations of tungs 1 Plat inte! nounced, will be issued freely if the app ( A. G. Re pt t herwise in ordet The British and Fre Central and South America are this general license, being already cove eral mport license PBF No. 34. \ Spt yuunced, however, by the War Trad } \ r Ele }? \) t} ne vreneral icens¢ is not to ‘ ; G. A. | hor rms in the United States 1 ! ( » | [ ( } enemy trading et I \ new rading list superseding previou | een made public by the War Trade Board f Government Control of tivdroelectrie Powel Cuba. Ha ti. ns an inee. ail ‘he onuntri \ decided difference as ft to « t tral and South America. Many firms have , the question of Government ( noved from the old list. Copies of the né ] } + « lias } own' I of it [ ele ol \ ! e obtained by direct application to tne Vv ‘ Boar ttee ol the ( ety ! i i? ority repor 1919 THE IRON AGE 947 ADJUSTING CLAIMS Must File Documents Before May 15 to Receive Attention . yn S I War Departm«s ly igre r tne é i! ent, ( r y TX Bened H. Crow ussis I I 1! ms I i! l Il Se re (, ss he contr t adiu é S use | } Der ? ’ cu W its a y ory ent’s fi I I \ se < Ss ar t eir ¢ rn Ss W P 4 ¥ y r) if ‘ The = ? so i Vi Loa O (a nC tne CACU f , ’ | I rtme Le l ‘ é . W ? eT 1 tl at f I Mr. -Crow + ~ he | Ss ca y ] er l¢ ] 948 THE IRON AAGE / \ /Republic Iron & Steel Will Probably Ployers’ Association, who was largely it \ / al ane g promoting the course, said that of 2000 | / Absorb DeForest Company he had observed, fully two-thirds coul VY PITTSBURGH. April 8—(By WV The Republic avoided by tactful management on the pa Iron & Steel Co. has secured yptior ontrolling _ Ployers. Sica re a Dalor Sheet & Tinnlats The following subjects will be stud ; department of the university, which is wu Co., whose plant is at N en on of Dean W. F. Gephart of the S TI rig wor eForest Sheet & Tir erce and Industry: Selection of men e Co. were built 1909, bu erward Ars work, requirements of different occupatior the pla onta 10 hot Swit employees, fixing of just wages, maintenar nots I a 000 tons of working conditions, protection of emp ee , s abi 10, iccidents, fatigue and disease, living nem 4: aan nial nin . vorkers, relations between employers a1 The pre Cc. 3 A.C. W —_—— ~ Mar ( etary Trumbull Steel Co.’s Expansion | The R = a YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, April 7—Dir : Tru ill Steel Co., at Warren, Ohio, ha St he capital stock of the company 0,000 000 S24 000,000, the increa Repu any I t+,.UUU UUU preferred sto k, or 40,000 ‘ ! ] ow ha >14,000,000 common a red stockholde1 Pre VV ‘ proceeds wi D used Chapt A + + ; I 5 As I l ehly itely $1,500,000 “Your é } he l from our 1 supplyin nanufacture | N l ‘ rite , | VV { ne nigni I ne : I ree lant Your ) e ] of your « ; R thus be gre y strengthened ' \ Oo n of your board, it is in , ( pacity of the steel plant Mr. Warner. “Through N s Libe rty ste Lo I s necessary ) le preterred s K ft ne amount I | | ( ( ne ra S130 per hare for the con y, E f | imbull ha ybtained an oy (*} ere I Bu ; s ! ide in Tru a i ‘ 1 ne director ey e Mi inge, and vw ae , l na rge compar wl ) re for many yeat Ch e 1 patior f the eventual « fur yy your company The it : \ ! ‘ ate the payment ¢ i ney iring the year 1919. r} resident also inforn stockholde Ass yn of Tin Plate Manufacture Pry : Steel Co. has purchased an inte { ‘ Steel Corpora I It has alre M if are 19 { ! n 1 npany a Bu I P ( ica sut th \mer ( ( sed ( f 1 nuta tee Sictaca S ( ' Rapids, Mich., has e it necessal ffice, and has moved into new rew Wi . Wi W. V: $10 R vay Ex nge Build as 4 aa “a P ( ha r many ears hes conner : McK | S Grand Rapids, is the new district na ull S ( V ( QO i he C}] go office, and Geo. C. Ramet Mel ery : | . e! een nnected with the St. Lo I We K. R | S ff Jone my \ ul ldition to the sales « & ] g VW : & ! nnection with the new Chicago | ( | Q mpalr mat factures patter? shop equi} vorking ichinery, engine lathes and « Course in Management eee \ urse ¢ ) lessor é | rket and distribute products of sa ne | Was 5 fouis Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, Ohio, [he ‘ FY irs I $ J redera hey he company has no sales offices, the Board for Vor Kx itio1 St. Louis | be} Ste Products Co., capitalized at $5,000, | of Commerce and t Employer Assi S anized. Officers are William E. Manning, Lou Watson, Leroy Manchester, William J. Morris Major W m C. Rod ; the Ordnance ter Meub, all connected in an official capacity Department, now vice-president of the St. Louis Em- company. 1919 THE IRON AGE 949 rman War Pig-Iron Output it of Germany ring the was published in THE Y f Tungsten Bearing Ore ore IRON A M irK CANADIAN PRODUCTS THE IRON AGE Apr Ase SOUTH AMERICAN NEEDS and iron products but for the pig iron foundries ‘ ; ; . . “With a few exceptions. there has be Opportunities for Extending Trade in Iron, Steel .,, es exceptions, there has b attempt by the general contractors or b and Machinery o use the advantageous machines for LOW W ASHINGTON April 'e Opport nities I tne ! tion work rhe mining companies, | rease of American exports of steel to South America am-shell buckets, mining cars, narrow re detailed at length it necial report on ‘“*¢ nstru track, electric locomotives, air and elect yn Materials and Machinery in Chile, Peru and Ecu: fines, locomotive cranes, rock crushers lor,” just made public by the Bureau of Foreig: ; equipment, such as pumps, portable lig Jomestic Commer The pamphlet a W f city of Lima has road rollers, and on Ww. W. Ewine. a trade commissioner of the bureau teel-and-concrete building operation now t y ) , } : ‘ 1 , . ] It dwells at length on the present tatus of the . . that ity there is a Lidgerwood struction industry in these countries, outlining mos engine, as well as modern equipment f he important projects that ars er w: In C} ng, elevating and the distribution of n t lists projects for 1? OOO.000 orth of 1 ] nd co} wheeled carts One may note also thi . v = - > oe ‘ ; , + ] struction. with $887,538 of pul works beside plication OF industrial narrow-gage trac! cela talk iti inin auebands ng dump cars on railway constructio1 > . ( ALiixn ‘ i s 7 A CS . ¥ I+. ’ y , ‘ Bal: 1 ‘ 7 : . Dif in securing structu é hapes, y Steel from the United States orced he Chile G nme iT fron ste; Ecuador also secures most of its ra Stl I tu l | Lit | ‘ 1 } ted States, although only a very sn ! ( wa) I he prese! : ' Mes : . iron or steel is used in construction ( vork, 1 h includes a yn ( ting and repalr > ; . : d > re I framing of the Pasale Roval, the al snop, Toundry and patti St ige, Torge Sno] Walt , + >] ql J is fa cated in Belgium and shipped » Ecuador. Small section steel onl: orcemé s being S : US, Ul I ‘ | ska. limited extent in the capital, and this acceleration of reinforced t ildings Chile c ore I per meter, or apout { here has beet ird eas ly Quito vnere one foundry that does } t eta, nrodau = tnis iass Il \ ( a f special work. Galvanized iron is the n n ides Y ier! ing VO! ! r : . i tor roofing n the coast especial \ nd ex s to plar The State 1 . , ; I r the ew vatel ipply of the latte yulid y ves n ti ( . 40 r ising’ re I d , ] | ° } erable quantity o reintorceing stee] na oncret \ithough concrete buildings reinforced with ‘ . ‘ from the United States Ss dad bars are constructed to nsiderabile extent, ; ’ : : ; [he hardware dealers in Guayaquil, n e nas also Dee! 1 demand I l lra Sste¢ . > 1 : po! ari sn il stocks of bars, which have cA ; principally for blacksmith and wheelwright wo} \n industry is recently bee : : or oe s . : sO Import stocKs of barbed wire for fe! h reinfo eme ¢ ) I | : 5 n plain sheets and corrugat: nate! Sa 5 I | 2 ‘ ‘ 1 } | > . es, metal cloth, etc. Rails are import io not loo} ipo! tne ite a n i r, ‘ rr ' . . i Vays and some pig iron for foundry pu have permitted tl e of three re ( : es dry i Aside from the contractors’ machinery th: e i =] + e oO ¥ Tne 1 t - ! ( n Quayaqu ry little 1 10? r y y ry ‘ ; hinet ind few ols are used I na tries er ) ; I ol s being irried ou ] I rate pli : } lone Line Dp I O rn tacilities e) sidaere irranted Very litt . S n an iW constru on in |} opp ! I 9 nte! f ; nds ad for efficier full rat juipn es The e1 é ‘harge not su ( ind i ? el? ? ha Y roh t ~ Wu i = ¢ M ture} hin nti ; j Y ¢ nom\ y y ) , 1 r Y Y Is ¢ ork : Products Needed in Brazil elatively small nu e! tne pest ntl tol rh . ] 4 P 4 ieee roa Sas There n unlimited demand for iror fficiently nformed to select the nery; ana iss in Brazil,” declared Carl I . 4 ‘ : | Beal , : \ n Consul at Santos, Brazil, on his ee th th, pee fi eerie ; St. Louis last week for a two months’ va j Bek a cae aa Oo “Brazil also needs great quantities of machinery, electrical machinery, steam engi! . le Ian , ' : ’ < ’ Steel Demands in Peru eather, leather belting, hardware, chemicals Opportunities in Peru are not so large as in Chile, he added. “The people of Brazil also offer it the eel market in Peru is of fair importance, thi et for automobiles, none of which are n ri? pal consumpt n consisting of bars. beams, plates, nere, The cotton growers are short of n yrrugated sheets and shapes The greater part of the “Despite the fact that the Braziliarm n : . ‘ Tix, ° y n and steel imported into Peru lestined for indus illy have been monopolized by Europ ss . . DPrantlian . « + } oY + ry trial purposes, although during the last few years its Brazilian merchants have the greatest f1 applic ition to building ‘onstruction has onsiderably the [ nited otates, and would welcome n ies ; , . t ye } . le +4 Tg + . . : nereased, particularly in the city of Lima, where rein- ade relations rhe one thing most need orced concrete building work has recently attained the tide of Brazil’s imports from the markets some importance. Of late, however, the demand for those of the United States is a fleet of vesse!s ‘ these products for building purposes has diminished as etween New York and the gulf ports and Br result of the high prices “The sugar and mining industries are the foremost Chas. F. Ames & Co., Ltd., 90 West St isers of steel and iron; it may be safely stated that York, have been appointed to act as the sal they consume 70 pel ent of the tota mports,”’ says ent of the Platt Iron Works, Dayton, UO! the report. “The sugar companies use great quantiti facturer of pumping and power plant equipn f iron for tanks, boilers, shafting, et nd e same may be said of the mining enterprises The Erie Iron & Steel Co., Erie, Pa., dea “Although iron mines exist in Peru, the lack of and steel scrap, has opened a branch office road facilities has prevented their exploitation. Peru 601-602, Real Estate Trust Building, Philadel; company also has a branch office at Buffalo is dependent on foreign countries not only for steel ey. ‘ ~ ‘a ice Stabilization Plan Does Not Succeed Radical Differences Between the Industrial Board and Railroad Administration Not A isrictan 7 AD LOU Numerous Conferences Do Not Bring Agreement ed om land M i Hir n’ mi: I ( | If } \ | N : ident Not Heard From W { f \ al ne a f Tre r) f { ‘ | , a } + 0.4 f i : : I ] : My s wl } 1 ‘ 952 THE IRON AGE Apr waiting for a definite statement of the results of the really been conducive to governmental } board’s action before he ventures a decisio1 Under other participants in the conference d¢ the law, Attorney General Palmer could only give suc} Mr. Glass dwided it was best not to sul an opinion to Secretary Redfield, in whose department per questioning, and gave out the follow tk ird is operating “The steel prices approved by the In The hief resul tne nferencs Vet of the Departn ent of Commerce not } was t empnasize tne lifferences of opir I petweel epted by the Railroad Administration. the ppos factio1 d Secretary Gla and Di th were expressed at the conference rector General Hin