The Iron Age 1919-02-20: Vol 103 Iss 8

New York, February 20, 1919 ESTA! | Hot Mill of a Interesting Arrans Stands— Motor Sper Steel Co., Warren, Ohio, placed a hot-rolled strip mill yn last year It ipies a modern type of mill building, 1000 f nd 100 ft. wide, parallel to which is the « d strip mill building 360 ft. long and 100 ft Space is provided between the two buildings for depressed railroad track and load ing platt adjoining the hot mill department Adjoining the lower end of the mill is the pickling department, which occupies a building 100 x 75 ft, equipped with two Mesta standard pickling machines Hot rolled strip, to be cold rolled, passes from the lower end of the hot mill to the pickling department, and from there to a covered runway to the cold mill department, and the steel is carried in its manufacturing processes through that department in practically a straight line in the opposite direction from that which it takes in the hot mill department. The capacity of the hot mill is about 7500 tons per month, and that of the cold mill department 4000 tons per month. The hot mill is designed to roll strips 3'% in. l wide with provisions made to roll at to 16°4 in least 20 in. to 22 in. wide and 1% in. and lighter in thickness, special provisions being made for extra wide light strips. The Strip Mills of Trumbull Steel Co. | Wide ement of the F s of Roughing Mill, Which Are Driven by Ona Adjustable Speed Alternating Current of this mill is a transfer on which the steel is transferred from the No. 4 to No 475 ——— Range of Speeds- Che i r} reme } r of nteresting re nd rtu t n 1d \ ] ral yr Le eat fi and 1 ng it } ( : : nange TY? ‘ Tt nar? W é i ce ‘ Wwitnou aeta I nanee r¢ ry? ‘ ited and the opera of the nearly « T it is No T ? 1ed | ro? t ri — ¢ it t t it rit rolis are used n fi ro] ire used ex vé l I s I \ il i ‘ ; f th re ed patents held H. G i O’Brien, the iperintendent f the hot striy | department : The lower end of the hot ll department for nouse r} , ‘ } 1a ton P? x yr & ' Harnischfege1 equipped witl magnet for ) unloat r railroad rs to the va l for deli ering re tea th furnace The re ’ Two | ontinuous heating furr f the gravity discharge type, 41 ft I nd 11 ft. wide, and designed t commodate ; 3 ft. to 10 ft. long. The furnace which were built by Alex Laughlin & Co. Pitts burgh, are fired by producer gas supplied by Mor- gan continuous gas producers, one for each fur- nace located just outside the mill building. The Induction Motor At 5 finishing stand 176 THE IRON AGE Febr slabs are charged into the furnace — with electric pushers. The roller table on which the slal ‘ at is discharged from the heating fur . “4 . ic a ee ie naces is driven in two sections s that only one section is operates when the othe not required A 4 7 ) AREY rai - feature s that the may be reversed, PP , hh ] at so that snould a coid slab come fro! np A ea 7 — | — tne ir! ce it n be run < to tl Mf UTE ¢g rel rr oy ] T Line Ooppos Te eY TY? } -—- ~ a — - J wt table ad opel ns al e re ime ( . Vi | 1T ci¢ i t et } } ) dab dea dedabalibdabalahetchdedeh x — il¢ I } Q C ’ ( ngor -” ‘ t ¢ ri¢’T y TY tc : 1 THE HOT-ROLLED I e ( r ] ' t ’ t et ’ y I r ? \ ne y nd } ¢ the Y ( ( ond ce re ehind t! i Wi The nrst é ( the t ] eect ! t y Da t I { | ! | ‘ h, 3 n thi 24 in. t 0 ft. 1 lying in a flat position, some of the scale of the top t ld remain on the surface and wou ed The piece passes through the first set of edging nto the piece during the next operation. Atte al position, the rolls accommodating the first edging pass the piece is given flat passes i slab 17 in. wide in this position. The advantage through two sets of rolls. The reduction in thes vertical edging pass is that the scale two flat passes is heavy. On leaving the third st / + / 4 ~ a f lged while of rolls, in which it is given the second flat pass, the The Two Outside Stands at the Right Are Driven by Separate Motors, One with Higher Speed Than the Intermediate Stand May Be Driven from Either of These Outside Stands, Thus Giving It a Wide Spe transfer in the foreground allows material in heavy gages to be rolled without passing through the stand: 1919 THE IRON AGE 177 ny ign this set edg ne ! tne piece Tallis Dack Into nor nt ] tion tor entrance into tne next ant Sf set of rolls l wi ' T Ss ¢ Vel nother flat pa From these 1 t enters an edgil ne wi ‘ U! hinisnea widati 4. tr e¢ + lr} eS I > ol tne 20 r 4 I : 4 , : , uta , , 24 n Wide re eel I is : a t 1 = ; 43 ; ] EEE HFEF RE C oe nos he have per hous 2 ji} f a w~ f } } Bt ee } ‘ od 7 re thres ge] rate 1 ers bbb keg ( R é f the ’ S orde ; hed | : Juud ; ‘ handle short cut 4 : I Sé 1 I ' } | T } é ~ 7 TW J t r¢ ‘ ri t ’ é ’ l VARREN, OHI t t y y? ‘ a¢ y ey ae y » i ne y ’ ’ é t ’ rai re y : ' tT y ‘ : i! ’ . : i€ \ } ric ’ ‘ + xx : 31 na ( é ‘ ‘ ' { ' : ' i t ‘ 20 iy Vit et we ‘ re or ] y rié y lie i roller table which turns it from a lhe sition back to a vertical position ir n tne rougnil ! i, Tro! ' mn it ] { : irried through the fourth set of rolls, first stand of finishing 1 After | { i i second edging set. This table works second stand of finishing ri the piece tral : that it can be raised or lowered to ferred from the mill runout table by mear of | differences in width of material pass- dogs down a slight incline to the parallel approact table to the rolls. After passing table to the No. 3 mill, and is taken by a pincl ; F palate all Le a i a ” Straight Down from the Finishing Mill on the is transferred to the transfer table and cooling beyond the cooling bed and on that runout Se ee Ne A ce back through No. 3 rolls and from this stand over a roller table to the No. 4 or intermediate stand. From this stand the piece runs onto another transfer table located at the side of the 20-in. mill, and is transferred up a slight incline to the parallel approach table to No. 5 mill, and give its last pass through that mill. Mills Nos. 1, 4, and 5 are driven by two motors, one located on each side of the mill stands, the other motors togetner with auxillary equipment being located in a lean-to opposite the mills. The No. 4 or intermediate stand can be driven either with the No. 1 or No. 5 stand. The drive to No. 4 mill is through the middle and top pinions from the middle and bottom pinions of No. 1 or No. 5 stands, and the drive of No. 3 stand from No. 2 is similarly arranged, the stands having 3-high pinions. With a higher speed provided for the No. 5 stand a greater range of speed 1S available intermediate stand because of the arrangement to connect it to either of the adjoining stands Nos 1 and 5 that have different speeds. Between the Nos. 1, 4, and 5 stands, and the Nos. 2 and 3 stands, a transfer is provided similar that below that when rolling thick gages the material passes only through 1, 4, and 5 stands, the two lower stands, Nos. 2 and 3, being elimi- nated. From the finishing mill the product passes to a transfer table and cooling bed, 185 ft. long and 22 ft. 6 in. wide, provided with a ratchet transfer. If the material is to be coiled it passes straight alg the latter stands so tc own the runout table to a vertical shear at on d the lower end of the transfer where the ends are trimmed off as desired, and it goes from the shear into a coiler. If it is to be shipped out in flat strips it is slowly carried over the transfer and cooling bed to the runout table on the opposite in ‘ > . : ‘ . ar « . | ah " >» £4 side and carried on a shear approach table 246 f long to another vertical shear where it is cut to length and placed on trucks. The runou abie to the coiler is divided into two sections, the trans ? fer into three sections, and the runout on the } opposite side into four sections, and any one sec- tion of each can be operated independently of the other sections. Each section is operated by a variable speed motor. The electrical equipment of the hot mill con- sists of four adjustable speed alternating current induction motors for driving the main rolls. These include one 1500-hp. 360-r.p.m. motor, and three 1200-hp. 360-r.p.m. 60-cycle 3-phase 2300- volt mill-type wound-rotor induction motors, the larger motor driving the 20-in. mill and the three smaller motors the 16-in. mill. Each motor is pro vided with a double range Scherbius speed regu lating equipment to give a speed range of 450 to 270 r.p.m. The larger motor has a continuous rating of 1500 hp. from 450 r.p.m. to synchronous speed, and 1200 hp. at 270 .r.p.m. The three smaller motors have a continuous rating of 1200 r.p.m. at all speeds from maximum to minimum. The speed regulating equipment con- sists of a 360-kva. commutator type alternating- current motor direct connected to a 275-kw. 2300- volt induction generator running at 514 r.p.m. This equipment provides practically a continuous speed range from maximum to minimum. The commutator motor impresses a _ voltage on the secondary or rotor of the main motor of such value as to give the desired speed regardless of variations in the load; the main motor, how- ever, retains all the normal characteristics of an induction motor running without speed regulating 178 THE IRON AGE February 20), j9j9 equipment. When running below syncl om th commutator motor, which is connected to 4, e slip rings of the main motor, operates ii and the slip energy of the main moti transformation losses, is returned to t} supply through the induction generat Wy} running above synchronism energy is s 4 the secondary of the main motor from { aides mutator motor which operates as a ¢ erator this energy is obtained from the source only r Ss through the induction generator which erates as a motor. The speed adjustment is obtained py means of a motor operated field regulator jn th field of the commutator motor. This fic lator is operated from a control switch of tp push button type located at the operator's stand The automatic magnetic starting equipment requires only two operations after the n rcuit breaker is closed; namely, throwin; pensator switch to start the regulating 1d throwing a master controller to the full running ‘6 position which permits the main motor t ele- rate with current limit and automatical! erts the regulating equipment in circuit at the time The main roll motors regulating sets, a motors, controls for table, switchboard, a: electrical equipment, were furnished by eral Electric Co. The mills, mill tables, nd electric pushers for the heating were built by the United Engineering & Fou Co. The finished product is handled after | the shears on trucks hauled by a Jeffrey storag battery locomotive that runs on tracks in the part of the plant and to the pickling depart: 1 to an outside shipping platform. This part the plant is also served by a 15-ton trav crane. 7 allt The sizes of strip steel produced in mill department range from 342 to 16% dth, and from ¥% in. thick to any lighte1 Facilities will be provided for stretching ar tening the strip. The cold-rolled strip department is d for the manufacture of strips in a wide rang sizes and for accuracy of product, and among features is the high operating speed of the This department is equipped with four set rolls, 16 in. in diameter and 20 in. wide fo ing strips, 8 to 16 in. wide, four sets of 12 rolls for rolling strips 3% to 8 in. wide, a! sets of 8 x 10 in. rolls for rolling 1 t widths. The four sets included in each u arranged tandem, and the three units are | ‘| lines at the end of the plant at ie stock is received from the pickling de ment, Arranged in two parallel lines further the plant and in line with the two smalie! ‘ of tandem mills are slitters and finish in parallel equipment. There are two single slitte: of which can be operated either independent with an adjoining single set of rolls, one 12 x 16 in., and the other with 8 x 10 in. ros In case of further reduction after slitt material passes directly from the slitter rolls, combining the two operations. Wh slitter is used independently of the mill a cutting the steel into narrow strips, six or elf pieces can be slit at one time. Below the two set of rolls that work with the slitters are tw y sets of 10 x 16-in. and 8 x 10-in. rolls, the smaller set being provided with an edging machine oe low these mills are two combination slitters an© mills. In these the material always passes from rough the rolls, and the drive of otor. On the last finishing rolls de is rolled down to a thickness 6 of an inch. sizes produced in the cold rolling les strips from 1% to: 16 in. wide, from 0.375 in. down to 0.008 in. test gages six strips can be slit in one n to a width of % in. The strips ength within 1/32 in. An edging illed for rounding the edges on the een slit. The product will in cd and limed and pickled and electrically driven by a motor he stand instead of at the npact arrangement. The drive through herringbone cut gears tters were furnished by the Foundry & Machine Co., and lirect current ad- were furnished by the West & Mfg. Co. trips are flattened and cut to ration on three electrically driven ting machines built by the Mc- Youngstown, Ohio. Strip is the plant by means of Automati ectrie trucks. d rolled department is the occupies a building 400 x 60 a h six coal fired double f ed f the cor n The i 6 ft., and fireboxes, 3 x 4 xes on each side of the fur- ( igh apart to pr de coal een The furnace charge is straight strips, and 20,000 Lis, The furnace charge is om and conveyed by a crane he furnace and placed on large h it is pushed into the furnace s been placed over the material. standard crane operated type. epartment is served by a 25-ton traveling crane. end of the annealing department m and adjoining this is an en- platform, 240 x 50 ft., which also THE IRON +} ] adjoins the lower end of the cold roll department Power for the cold rolling department is sup plied by Westinghouse motor generator set con- sisting of a 750-kw. direct-current generator, and a synchronous motor, and a General Electric set consisting of a 1000-kw. direct-current generator and a 1400-hp. synchronous motor. In the roll grinding department rolls are ground on a Norton roll grinder driven by a 20-hp. motor. The company’s open hearth plant, which will supply steel for its hot and cold roll departments comprehends seven 100-ton furnaces, and a 36-in. two-high United blooming mill, and an 18-in. Mor gan sheet bar and billet mill. Gas Products Co. Organized The Gas Products Co., Columbus, Ohio, has | organized and will build a plant the manufacture of compress¢t 1 ace tylene The officers are (,eorge > Butler, president; Sta y D. Winger, e-president and general manager; Jol R. Gobey, secretary and treasure! Only recently Mr. Winger resigned as gen eral manag I etyl partment of the Oxwe R ! se { { p 1 ib sidiary of Ur Car Car Corporation Before be yn y iW {} c panv he was n er of t A service of th Pr Q-Lite Co., h Ind polis, ‘ 3 to it ; 1 by the Union ¢ & Car ( porati | : pany I S ample i ‘ t to La a tl igniy n ressed manu iring plant ution within the ety d The N I { I nul { { r wh nna #540 Gra : for several yé rs, fia et i ed » tne W o1 - oo Building, 110-112 West Fortieth St t, New } oO [ ing + r y- | »* £ : ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘T off s I ) Capt. I Palmer |! I l re ed Forces. + SULOCK of the Howe-Mec( urtain Coal & Co Co , Howe, Okla., by L. P. Featherstone, Beaumont, Texas, and associates, was ch efly for the purpose of obtaining a "’ coke supply for the furnaces of the Texas Steel Co. at tusk, of which Mr. Featherstone is president. The Howe-McCurtain Coal & Coke Co. owns a coal field and 100 coke ovens. 480 THE IRON AGE Fel NEW CASE-HARDENING PROCESS !2™ps ee oe ie ie ae n egg t should be in the fresh l . i : : ‘ ; aken from the furnace; that is, it s} § [The Shimer Method Employs Cyanamides as a ore aes . = ae . ‘? Ta - — : metically sealed until used. fine } Substitute for Cyanides he bi it is difficult to keep th \ new 1 } ‘ isht ‘ Po} W and the frothing is vol Iminous and ft} Shimer. Ea Pa. for ca le} Pp namide has been exposed to air, Joseph W. Ri ch Unive tv. Bet m. P nd becoming oxidized, it causes vio n describir t] met} n : ns presented at mmersed in the bath, which cont the New Yor meeting go4 Ame} ; ‘ ite of ently long time. If only such cyana Mining Engine , ex] ned that ere re two esse! 1ay be mixed with pulverized hard iallv different | le} ry : : The nd the mass coked at a red heat: s the o1 Sil irv n , the ahi ed n ture and changes the st packed 1 key the time t t nec ry er | 1 porous coke. Such porous é p ¢ mi ed lt I i Vv the \ ne’ a Ss ps of fresh merse ‘ | rn) en made W th } \ r to select } y C » ? ( T = pre ¢ e ll im} that : ; ) cy iT I ? ry Y é nda W wh ‘ y sic { } r 7 ¥ T ) ilroxides have also beer t ith mat t Spring Meetings of Steel Electri aGval AL? some spe inebtiie of th ‘ om sie ay taco cr | ae | Engineers will be held Mare! ae P} lelphia The Cleveland I n é ‘ tel Statler and the discus we ee lelephones.” The Philadelphia sect h, ial ‘ : ; Engineers’ Club, Spruce Street, PI +4 - ‘ per on “The Substitution of Electr si See | 1 Steel Mills” will be presente Sa ae ae pe Pranassi artes capone electrical engineer, Bethlehem Ste “ “gs ws Point plant. A meeting of the Pitt - a olu ; i = : e : t ‘i | be held at the Hotel Chatham, Pi when a talk will be given on “The Br lark, chief engineer Bridgep sridgeport, Conn. Midvale Appoints Division Mana; ation, The fact remains, however, that contact of the [he Midvale Steel & Ordnance ‘yanamide with the other salts imparts to tl lid Steel Co., Philadelphia, have consolidat ath a e-hardening properties ind shipping department with their g¢ it, and hereafter the business fo he t f melted na ely « ; ese departments will be taken vion I va ;s Snown, tne dipping of f and thei eparate divisions. each division hand! I ‘ase-hardening can be proceeded with. If the evolut of customers indicated by the name if ¢g becomes too active, the cyanamide may be r hese general divisions and the resp¢ moved ar ise-hardening can be proceeded with f vhich have been appointed are as follow same tin fter this remov When the case-hardening sion, manager to be announced late! power! of the bath decreas the vanan e may e division, L. R. Steuer; forging divisi0o! re-immersed al yperatiol t é before. If wood; railroad division, J. C. C. Holdir he anamide n large fresh pieces and the evolutior division, Edward Price, Jr. These ma! fg is not too violent, the cyanamide may be left entire charge of both sales and ord permanently in the ith until it has lost its power of issigned to their respective divisions. imparting case-hardening properties to the melt, as is — ——_—_—_— shown by the diminution of the evolutiun of gas. On re The fatigue of metals is the subject moving this apparently exhausted material, the larger trated with slides and motion pictures, Cae pieces may be broken, thus exposing fresh surfaces, and by H. F. Moore, professor of experimenta ee the material will be found to still retain active prop- University of Illinois, at a special meeting 10 erties when re-immersed in the batl neers’ Club of Philadelphia, Feb. 15, at It has been found that the cyanamide is best used in ing, 1317 Spruce Street. New Way to Cast High Speed Tools The Davidson Process and Its Advantages Over the Method of Shaping Tools from Forgings—The Structure and Its Effect ! \ J | Jo SOI ly ( iltir ’ S ’ a New York, in a paper, “Davids Formed Tools,” for pres making ons 17 ‘ ry T ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ' ? e y + {) His ) 1S10! n pape! ) ‘ Bee | r} vo re | r t j I ¥ ( t 7 ore : Comparative Tests with Forged Tools Difficulties in Casting Tools : ¥ : : : ed f i if I : . : | > 4 A. Ma Cmttan fone this ravidenn M Co tehe PP, t Nit CS t f £ 106 I m t vids { 400 Da \I O00 mer SE There are three difficulties rom tne I I f etcne vith pr i nti I tne point ol ew ot! ordinary tion 1! t j i »M lL) I ra eal é yn hining, | ng and gr fp 1 were then retul ‘ DV I Y ne ‘ f + ; ; Ir ( j t indar Oo i ( a Br vy ! ~ ry T eT t t t ne pest rp tr I ! f el v t dir from the g p tru } g worl l te vere 1 the Q rd | ' Worl ¢ 1) the ner nd with the c¢ e! th ender T} ( . (152.4-1 ‘ (19 ) ! 1 ’ } \ r ta ned ‘ } | ‘ y ) , It wa I I I ert! stood up f t extre te ie } 1 ‘ 12 1 ‘ +h + Pp . ge, . +4 a Wo ag’ some tools made hy 1 dire ould be g ¢ . } ne brown & Si! rpe cu y re me into the hands of A. C. Davidsor A 2% I XZ I en ng itter was ther tained that, for the reasons just stated, in the machine and tested at graduall; nere ompete with the older type of tools speeds until finally the lin nine W or price. Mr. Davidson had previously The cutter w taking a depth cut lik Keyst was possible to kill steel much more bar of ste¢ f 0.30 or 0.40 pe t ‘ n had hitherto been possible, and that eing the width of the cutter by % in. (6.35 mm.) deey tion of his process and his knowledge of On the final test the cutter w run at a speed of 401 : ' g . pe he could eliminate the defects in cast r.p.m. with a feed of (177.8 mm.) pe refore began a long series of experiments This is a linear speed of about 250 ft. (76.2 m.) per se, min., and, as stated, was the limit of the machine ne test bar 1918, the writer was retained to supervise The cut was run as far as the clamps on 481 482 THE would permit, and as it was not possible to test the cutter any more severely, the test was stopped and the cutter taken showed no sign of the test it had been through. The countersink for Mr. Milne, the out. It gruelling turned over to Todd ship rivets general manager of the Shipbuild- ing Co., with the request that he give it a thorough tryout in comparison with the best countersinks obtain- able. Mr. Milne reported that the yuntersink com pared obtained. most favorably with any others that could be In spite of the fact that the casting conditions were so bad, the results seemed to ind te the pro ability that tools could be produced by this proc: ee from blowholes and sufficiently true to form to be finished merely by cutting edge Mr. advised to proceed with the com- mercial [ 1e pl ess A sn foundry was Oo OKILY u i ce built molding machir t nstalled vi Ss machine tools for finishing 01 partial y fin ne the product Production was started in August and has proceeded regularly ever since. At the present time the business has developed so that electric Lurnace is being put in for melting the steel which it is expected will be operation by the time this paper is published Many tests have pee n 4 ‘ U { ‘ ( ist t 0] against the best of tl forged machined tools obtain able in the market, and in practically every instance the cast tools have proved superior to the machined ones, sometimes by a very large margin. only In regard to the process of killing, which not eliminates the blowholes completely but ity far beyond that of ordinary high- to give seems the steel a sper 1 steel, the wr ! ‘ : « The m: Features of the Process ! ven V | of le nt : pract no The meta ns i ol 1 ! 1 ely rope ’ } hiy Y Aiid mor } _o } + ‘ ran than pou , 1S tnl and fiuia mm © |] oad a 1 thal like steel As a result the det ( na cutters are cast practically perfect. It is well known coarsely crystalline structure, but an examination o the fresh fractures of this steel shows that this is almost wholly absent; in fact, the structure of this steel, that most steel, when cast, has 2 a - A IRON AGE Februa) as cast, looks more like that of forged ] 1 A r does like a casting. Structure of the Steel Photomicrographs have been prepar: & Boylston, Cambridge, Mass., which re structure of a first-class make of forged high-speed steel, of a cutter made of a) high-speed steel, and of a Davidson tox are submitted a statement prepared at H, M. Boylston, of the above firm, which Davidson Tool Manufacturing Co., D ‘ i ‘ 19.0 mm. ) t which had ey 1 phote Og I pective it ] I Tor i Ca tr ‘ h se ‘ olyhedra t l lk 2 Embedded it t one i I mot ea ( ( ord yn st t t ( hig! peed ( ( n l i I I | The ond co ituent fi ne design and is pl mie t It sin ir in quality but er: t e¢ rb nvel found TI irth n tuent cor 9 | rounded hard white spots sin ordinary high-speed stee provided the sum of the cart high enough The str ¢ nor } that of an ordinary |} ( t ge that that of a well-treated high- f £ ne ing and heat treatment, but it | ) f Bre and Sharpe Milling ( \ si on for 7 min } nS Mil] Cu é ( S ] for «¢ ml I ¢ sting I rate brig! ‘ \T x +} D. T | I I ral g f ; or ‘ a } In f ( ¢ f r ymaris¢ I f ( ter | truct } ted t s that f + +? , I u £ t plet enve £ I te with s ‘ to be due to the t = wt is very aiff. it { f M é 1 I icteristic of 1 cutter that has beer 1. There is a dark constituent sur! ireas in this sample, which would seen that the heating for hardening has either bee has been continued for too short a time, so that structure is not entirely obiiterated. The fact 1919 er i omy é irge ' 1 e present are ul « e of + + wi ‘ it g > thy } ne f @ cutting t } t ¢ i t j nre ¢ r) ' . 3 I l I i I hery constituent mentioned by My vn in the photomicrographs of the irs from Mr. Boylston’s statemer Reduced Basis in the Connellsville Coke Region ndl Oo! l ( ny? e Y I eel ea t + is i nt to e¢ mme ( 4] t | nie nere infor ‘ ire I ations Tr tT I Y x ¢ S ! production it e { ( nea { tonne ‘ . 7 : r é nit ¢ eau s t I SIT T t ‘ ty . "4 ’ ‘ 1+ ed tnar [ ire a rie Y ’ rking four nd f iTrip. i} a ii ; week at a number of its plant ndependent operators in the curt Phe rporation previously had operated d ¢ nated all extra shifts Limited ill workmen rather than a reduction 11 e ] y idopte 1 ere to prevent an ul | Productior osts are being pared it far the Vage scale } i I t One nt, the Harah Coal & Coke ¢ S we 1 oU per nt reduction, it e a ripple in the regio1 The operatior r mines.” Independent operators é yr any Ware re | tion nd ne | rick nou " ] t Do Vv no TX msturp the e pl ent time Contest in Industrial Economics Industrial Conference Board, 1 n, offers a prize of $1000 for the f e following subje i as ‘ r ; s 4 v i is composed of: Frederick Richardson & Neave, Boston, Mass., 1; Dr. Jacob Gould Sch University; Henry R. Towne ‘o., New York ypen without restriction to all persons are members of or identified with testants are not limited to papers of they should not be unduly expanded THE IRON AGE 483 tnin . é e surprising Uality of thes t $s may be aque, in some degree, to tne presence 8 COI ¢ I+ . ‘ Stituent l seems weil to point out here vever, ’ . tr ’ ++ ; } that the me ography of cu g tools is rt suffi ciently dev pe 1 to enable us to s vy, even Irom a g ‘ nho alee * i ‘ — ; ‘ y pn I ; 1 a cervtall 0 1S y § »d } . } } ‘ or bad I ( e will undoubtely 1 1a sta ] ‘ } 2 ’ veiopmen ere nis W A c POSS tne present the y Sa gage or the of l Stee t is | inad¢ working + y ‘ to be nued to destruction if pos e. Judging f : +} nih , 1 é imber ¢ S which the tools have out- 5 I qa é té lg e T wort if co leration is that the structure shown v tl a isor ols ha \ her , 3 S a n lid al! ' t \ ‘ n ¢ D l ( l ( % rt? ] 7 vi cript rY ; 1 1 V\ i A ohea i i Last l 1 ’ ] nr { er } j i i Y | I ‘ t ‘ r r a W é ‘ ‘ nie é y ‘ T ‘ I i i \ <r) ] r ¥ tool he t j ty ' } f y +he ric I 3 +} n det ‘ _ ‘ ‘ | ‘ y tube The ne ‘ ta We t f ms, aga r 3 ue t ' pecimen is placed within a ee na : ‘ y , y , f The 1 ae ¢ ; Fré? ‘ y ‘ ‘ . ' mer } rs ntave ' ir-t eo f tte 5 y tw Me lav ¢ , ] rT R Kirk, tract ma er of H. ] ers ( Pitt : y the ect RB P () n« P t The ts ' t QO Ft ‘ y ¢ r ‘ y of Koppers oke plant W. Speer f her ‘ 4 } r\Y y ( vv inswered a yr vy f : to IY nut t I Iry n t 1s¢ e the leave f which are shown portraits of the military leaders of the United States and the Alli Other tior Some ficures are al given as to the cost of the creat world r in men and n y, while against thee y £ nted re he tupendou: rains of transcendent value to mankind as the result of the defeat of German: A complete chronology of the world war is also given. ——— 484 THE IRON AGE Back Gear ascites Attachment A tapping attachment with back gears has been placed on oe market by the Landau Machine & Dri Press Co., » West Fort fourth Street, New York The sam aide is employed as is involved in tl use of back gears on lathes. The tapping oper 2 slowed down, thus to reduce the liability of tap breal ige and making for rapidity and accura | ++ 1 ] ine | adap 1 ( pp no to rie l 1 engtn or tI tap vhnere e! al Oo! Vo or tnre hre ic ¢ ) t na th } th hol h aas Lo e cul ind l 0 Ln I eel reached tne tap Ss automat vy released trom tl! ipper itch and remains ne ra The attachment is made in two sizes, No. 1 up to /16 in., No. 2 from % in. to 1 in., equipped with standard Morse taper Shanks; a positive, sens tive drive to be used from 0 in. to 5/16 in. This back gear at tachment is designed for use on a standard dril ind is arranged to decrease the s] ersing speed is 7 to 1 The No. 1 attachment is lipped with a No. 1 Jacobs chuck, capacity 0 in. to + 13/64 in. for very sensitive work, or a No. 2 Jacobs acity 5/16 in., and will take U. S. standard Selita Action Vise \ new quick-action vise for general machine shop ise has been placed the market by the Spafford Tool Works, Hartford, Com It is particularly adapted for production work, on hand and power milling machines, grinders and such machines as those on which vises and fixtures are used. The steel parts are made from drop forgings, and bar stock to gages, hardened and ground, and the base 5 scraped to fit the S idé I jaw ire 1! led to gages to permit of the loose jaws being transferred from one vise to another. The stationary jaw is let into a recess in the semi-steel base to prevent it from changing position, as it might do if simply dowelled Februa 1 on top of the base. The bolt holes for loose jaw to the stationary jaw are locat is convenient to tighten them without « with the bumper block. The pin w lever works against in opening the vise that when the vise is fully opened the le the pins, thus avoiding breaking the pin he base. The hardened slid: top, without any serrations for the dirt t wear off, the levers being firmly held fa t in a T slot, the under side of ! I t head also being on the ing it a wedge shape, which makes it bolt to p back. The sliding jaw ) which draws it t l ne ¢ ntrl eT rive it y no + A ? S¢ "ure ly Heavy Duty Oscillating Surfa \ The heavy duty oscillating surface trated, was originally made by the Spr f ! Ci Bridgeport, Conn., for { phir plates, and fe tnis part equipped to grind with a tead of an emery wheel. The supplying the machine equipped vhee nstead of a sandstone, where the vO demands an emery wheel. The ne is 36 in. in diameter by 10 in. chins f heavy proportions and the d1 y means of bevel gears and a screw r e same as ordinarily used on plane and wheel spindle are carried in slides, addles on the face of the uprights, and wl hine is in operation the wheel oscillates work as it passes under the wheel. This oscillation is Heavy Dut O lating Surface Grinder with 5S W he 6 Ir Diameter, with 10 In. F In. Wid ind 60 In. Long accomplished by means of a crank and conné the right hand side of the machine. A lever just above the oscillating connecting rod operates a clutch ' engages with the bevel gear, driving the oscillat tion, and this can be connected or disconnectt so that the wheel will travel in a straight pat than oscillate when doing the final finishu table is inclosed with guards so as to take car h, and the machine is furnished with or The capacity of the machine is to grind and 60 in. long, and weighs about 13,000 lb The Logansport Machine Co., Logansport, Ir perterted a line of air-operated chucks, the desig! Frederick W. Iggberg. This company, who ha\ past haneilaaaeal special machinery, will in t devote its factory to the production of Logan a1! a Ch The Frank G. Payson Co., 9 South Clinton Str cago, has been granted exclusive selling right or Conditions Still Cause Anxiety Increase of Unemployment Causes Employ- : Pacic ‘ © fran — : ’ ers to Resist Demands TO) Highe l Wage 5 —Many Threats of Strikes and Lockouts Ny } ' ‘ ’ : } ' i het ‘ \ +} Dp . W l St: I | : : 000 \ Reports 4 r tL 000.000 eT I repo! t ine I me I j l W ; ro r)¢ ent it th 1! D y r of the cit ly he i ( rT 1 y | mer! i ne 1es repo! I V rxers IDD } 3 illen from > ty YO ers are Pe i 1 in the employment service irgh rep¢ During the ue ending of 00 é ] ;RY YE ipplications f vn } it rer } ¢ Lore ? ! r 77,877 This is 13,101 ®Wss Harri - F ely Sou m1 the preceding week lality report ip 3} . t tes ; Iron and Steel Industry concerns of 14,4 I t \ f 4] : : which is ar Of ‘ eel industry is credited in the figures yment service with contributing layoffs in a number of locali is reported as having laid off Michigar t 1 st enter, althe h the sur Michigan a Storm Center ties ind, 396 in Youngstown and 137 plus of 35,000 Detroit a week P eported as he latter city, however, 34 plant reduced to 00. r} nowever, ntradi y iking on 1055 employees Dayton other report As the itor e plant re taking ! rous plants as having laid off 204 additional men, there s« lera loubt as t , Pittsburgh steel plants laid off its truth Grand Rapids, Flint and Port Huron a Bethlehem 360, while the non report surpluses n reports « t) abor Erie dropped 331. One steel plant supply and demand. Minneap Minn., now report 1ut down on account of surplus of 7000, whicl n i ise of 00 over last ‘he iron and steel “layoffs” Hammond, Ind., 800; and In mand about equal to the supply There 1 slight lhe unemployment belt has now sk T prac shortage of boiler and railroad worke tl} ts oa nited States, leaving only a few with a heavy surplus of p. Milwaukee, W ind among the Northern Central which last we reported a irplu of 11,000 now reports a surplus of 000 employment ir tions reported come from Ohio, Madison, Milwaukee, Superior and Menash re mort ge of 100 railroad machinists, 50 marked than in other parts of the stat Racine re ers, and 100 malleable molders, ports an equality i1 r suy nd f 100.000 divided as follows: 500 Illinois now reports that t inp! f 7 vceed ling trades, 20,000 semi-skilled the demand in nearly all lit ind ft nemployment n laborers and 10,000 lerks situatior ecoming acuts R I , no er ¢ ment is ind by the report need of locomotive machinists and er makers. East has a sur} 75,000 worker St. Louis, Joliet and Ro rd re t irpluse rplus of 2500; Cincinnati 2300; Day Chicago, Pe Rock Island and Springfield report 1000 and Youngstown 4700, Condi an equalit f lal ipply a demand, but other ave been growing steadily worse. reports are far e pessimist Indianay report bad in New York City, but the Em- a surplus of 6060, 1 the san ist week is made no attempt to compile est Evansville, Gary, Fort Wayne, Hammond, South Bend rplus of workers does not figure in and Terre H rt su ises. Ther hreats f the country. This is true of of strikes o1 its in Evan enters, such as Chicago, so that the St. Louis shows a surplus, and ther: nsider rted is only a partial one. able amount f inemployment ret ted mn the State — + t in New York reports a surplus There has been no settlement of tl treet car strike in increase of 300 over last week in Kansas City 485 ; es LP = 486 THE IRON AGE Kansas City, Kan., reports a surplus of 1000, with new threats of strikes. The copper situation, with its strikes, makes the conditions in Montana and Butte particularly dangerous because of the pronounced Bolshevist manifestations that have already appeared there. Montana reports a surplus of 18,000 which is an increase of 9000 over last week. Unemployment conditions are general through out the state, particularly among laborers, ore miners and railroad workers. Arizona reports a heavy unem- ployment throughout the state, a large number of miners and smelter workers being out of work. Layoffs are continuing in the mining districts ' L Louisville, Ky., reports a shortage of about 450, t which is a slight decrease from last week. Nashvi Tenn., r¢ ports a sur] lus f 1000, t there seems to be a reneral equa ty Oo! il S \ id I 1 throu mut the State Baltimore reports a shortage of 1% } a jecrease of 200 from the f ! f é W mingte lel re} y i = 4 TO Che ro? nd cee d I l tr re é T to off i Virgi re} a ae ( ed |] r at H Ro ' ind r 1 S ar raily 1 hor ? + C Birr , Ala., report ¢ M . : ti ‘ On t | fic ¢ S I I aN rts a t ] f TOOK x e y y we It e} ts thre ‘ 1 lo Los Ang* epol 1 su : y f ()t) ¢ ] =f wer () rer Y i plus of 4000, which is rease f ( weel T nere re str es threat ( lock« t tie Pe nda, Ore rey nlus of 0.500. a } re e of 2500 over | yveek and l inc? 1000 over the pr veel It is thought tha e peak « nemployment | een reached in the S ttle Was . repo} l Oo 12 000. wt exclusive of strikes rh hipy ! path sti es Sea and J on strict ed »,U The |} irpluse e re} é from Spokane 10 estimate IS filven. 0. F 5 Should Women Withdraw Hi r of women pl nt unen rie a ( one f t s ( i ommittee e Merc] ! Vi ] l \ it10Nn, B t re I i rep 1 “A cor n which te t I p! ent | i ‘ ’ the r¢ f ne phase of the ‘wome1 stry’ D , the period of actual war activity a \ , ibstant percentage of women entered commerce or industry, not because financial necessity forced them to earn thei living, but they did so under patriotic motives. Thi ire reluctant to withdraw They like the consciousne yf earning mon Ther nat lv murmur ing among the unemployed when they see hundreds of places filled by women whose families are it fluent circumstances while those in need of work are wander ing from place to place looking for a job. The questi therefore, presents itself: If these were induced sole] patriotic motives to take jobs during the war, why not the same lofty patriotism induce them to surrende1 the said jobs in favor of men and women whose fami will go hungry if employment is 1 f “There is one other phase of the problem, somewhat akin to the above. Despite our disposition to quarrel with the man who left his regular work in the summet of 1917 to enter munition and shipbuilding work, we cannot close our eyes to the fact that the public w: partially responsible. During the urgent days of the war great patriotic drives were made all over the country for the specific purpose of making workmen understand that it was their primary duty to give up all else in order to promote the rapid making of muni tions and the speedy building of ships. His entrance into ‘war work’ then was not a desertion of old employ Februar y el ment, but a response to the cry for he nation. That being true, the munition ; builder who seeks a return to his « a entitled to consideration ahead of th: who hails from another state. Of cou 7 munition worker or shipbuilder has : that his normal job in normal tims z give him the abnormal wage that he : mal times. 7 “In these days of intense sensiti: t mability it will be well for industria : derstand the value of cultivating a between themselves and their worke1 lationship is close the situation will o7 mate possibilities more dangerous e\ sheviki movement. It will be an egr anufacturers to have labor feel that tial 1 has no interest in labor except 4 the largest measure of productiver sad Improved Conditions on the SAN FRAN . With the breaking of the strike i1 it San Francisco Bay more settled All danger of ! it it is felt that this city and \ escape a general strike. 7 ‘ i€ I i to I Oorse the me ttle trie to keep men in line on the cor vith the machine shops including latter is a point which seems to f the unions and they still insist Saturday afternoons off. As these mer off last Saturday their employers ref greed installment of the compromise t wage d‘spute. This has again cau har ing and may result in a strike of some of the t In the meantime on Feb. 10, 1700 members of land Shipyard Laborers’ Union took a “str | : ike to enforce a 10 per cent or The officials announce t it of the strike proposition. They st favored the strike, but not the re It is believed that the men aré ( that this is a poor time to strike. T! ent that after the expiration of the pr ward on April 1 the Government would the wage scale has brought it home to the period of Government-fixed wages has pas nd thi in the future they will have the‘r em; : h. While the general labor situ be said to be stabilized, it does appear much some time past and it may soon vanish a nant feature of trade conditions on the C Americanization at Bethlehem WASHINGTON, Feb. 18.—The Informat + ‘ a e +} _ T } r ation Service of the Department of Labo yunced the inauguration of an “Amer! ampaign at Bethlehem, Pa. The annout 7 ires that the steel company there ha housands of men representing almost evé and no serious effort has heretofore beer , them the English language or anything a . tions. The presence of a large thered into little groups according t : not of advantage to the country, in officials of the Bureau of Naturalization, D Labor, and in order to bring this gr 7 zenship, a campaign has been put u! 7 is already achieving substantial results. * ired aliens have already been brought ar schools to receive instruction in English ar A problems, and a number of these have a'r J tioned for naturalization. The American there, it is believed, will be the prelimin a spread activity of the same kind in other ineh enters > iY ) 1919 H reatment of Steel Rails During Rolling of finishing steel rails and similar i in a patent (U. S. 1,277,372 inner of Evanston, Ill. In present toward coarseness of structure or the inner part of the rail head is actice resulting in low ductility in rail and making more likely sudden is methods of heat treatment have overcome this tendency. iggested by Mr. Brunner’s patent, is gE J yy te } ; ture ic that when a rolled article is allowed »mperature of recalescence a certain formed which may be changed to a if the article is reheated to a point critical range. This is well known, vantageous result is claimed if, after een obtained by reheating to a point thermal critical range, it is re- hed size and then slowly cooled to ture, thereby producing an article with a hard exterior fi method comprises the steps of roll- .e slightly in excess of that of the ng the rail to cool slowly to a tem- of recalescence, then reheating the y to a temperature slightly above inish, + ’ the thermal critical range, until the a fine grain, then re-rolling the rail, g it the final pass or passes, then wly cool on a hot bed. Preferably ved on the hot bed the rail may be ‘raightening and cambering rolls. n accordance with this method are and more uniform grain structure Ss section; to present a better finish to obtain by the present methods, and ictility, both in the head and in the in the present rails. The wear and nee will be materially increased. THE IRON AGE 487 HIGH COST OF TOOL BREAKAGE Shop Operations Interrupted and Overhead Costs Increased—Tool Damage Reports To reduce tool breakage, a complete record of each broken tool is kept by the Willamette Iron & Steel Works, Portland, Ore. When the tool is turned in, it is accompanied by a tool damage report which must be turned in at the same time to obtain another in- strument. This report also explains the cause of breakage and is sent to the machine-shop superin- tendent’s office each day, where a record is kept of both tool damage and the division of cost against each shift and department. The records are a convincing testimony to the ex- pense of putting good tools in the hands of careless or incompetent workmen; and a charting of tool breakage shows that it is particularly heavy when numbers of new men are being put to work. Even in normal times the company found that the damage to tools is a big problem and that careless men can destroy in @ moment tools far in excess of the value of their labors for weeks and n onths. It 3 tated that this actually happened on one or two occasions at the plant. But greater than the loss in m ney 1s the fact that it is in some cases almost impossible to replace at once many special high-speed tools that are destroyed. Breakage, therefore, of several important in plements at about the same time compelled the plant to lay off a machine and hold up the entire progress of production. The amount of supervision necessary over such incompetent men is shown by the following figures. Before labor turnover became a problem last fall, two tool room clerks with eight assistants easily dispensed the equip- ment required by 500 men, whereas toward the end of the year 39 were required and 11 mea were engaged ’ solely on grinding the tools. The Pulverized Fuel Equipment Corporation is now the name of the Locomotive Pulverized Fuel Co., 30 Church Street, New York 488 THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. President Campbell Makes Full Report on Oper- Past Year ations of the The ar meetir tockholder he Your yrwn Sheet & T 2 ‘ held \ own, Ohi Tuesd Feb. 11 \ brief report as perations and sarni! ot the compar 11S if 10 page 464 of THE IRON <A¢ | James A ampbel n his rep el the compar for the year, said that the representation plan « -»mployees was agreed upon by representatives of the management and delegates elected y the men, the purpose, as stated in the pr ble, being “To provide effective communication and means of ntact between the management and the men on matters pertaining t ndustrial I ind to insure st maintain trar yuillity anc ite the welfare.” ‘It i pectati 1 Py lent Campbell that un eY +} ple é ‘ . ore earl Y ¥ the eY ry! ‘ if this company shall 1 é S e |} vay nded that he shou é n all matters co erning his re ns e compar Although it nas been 1n ope 1 ror or sho1 ne, the results » far abundantly jus he belief that it will fully complish this end.” Shipments and Sales Shipments for the last ve ere bou ».000 tons SS tnal qauring the I 1917 Vv £ to the seve! veatne n Januar nd | lary vi affected the ilities, and to the loss of ‘ 1 ‘ . ‘ . e 4 : — } he end of the year on account of he signing of the armistice on Nov. 11. Total sales were about $5,000, UU Ie than du gy the precedir year, due to both a reduced tonnage and pri nti I the Government The reduction in earnings, | ever, W yecasioned not so much by loss of tonnage and lower prices as by the increased price of many commoditi vhich the com- pany was obliged to purchase, and especially by ad vances in labor costs There were three 1dvances in wag paid to labor luring the year—on April 16, 15 per cent; on Aug. 1 0 per cent, and on Oct. 1, approximately 14 per cent he t advance being brought about by the 8-hr. ba lay, granting time and a half fc time eyond eigh hour Thes wage advances \ re oO sioned Dy tne hig! yst of living and the higher wages paid by the rovernmer n shipbuilding and other war activities The pay for the year was $22,157,000 on a reduced onnage, a mpared with $16,396,000 for 1917 Construction the 4-17 tandem plate mill was put t 70.000 tons of plates On June 17 nto operation and produced abou luring the remainder of the year. On Aug. 8 the ompany put 0 oper n one new battery of 51 by product coke ovens, and Sept. 4 a sixth battery, ringing the number of ovens in operation to 506 Sufficient now being produced to operate all of the blast furnaces and Bessemer cupolas. The new locomotive repair shop, with a capacity for repairing ind maintaining 26 locomotives and 14 steam portable ranes, il] of wi 1 are ised 1 tho operatior of the plant, has also been complete Ab ut $12,000,000 nas peer expends i dur ne 1918 in addition to the plar t n the development of coal property, and in building houses for the employees The Continental Si pply ‘ i l iry owr ] this compar had a prosper ve tota é amounting to $16,825,000 During the year th con pany marketed 59,651 tons of pipe thro t differ ent store No dividend | en ré ed from it as yet IY idition to handling pare! mpany’s pipe { dea n pou1ers engines na i] I a 0 Ol W € Production With the completion and operation of the bar mills and plate mill finished products were further diversified, IRON AGE Fe J tnere now being a plant capable of p ons of coke, 1,000,000 tons of pig : and 1,000,000 tons « eel ingots, er annum Further development operations will “ender the . } in’ I ations Willi renaer the compa contained, both as to finishing cap own raw materia such as stone, et Up to the signing of the armist plant was operated under the dire istries Board, the entire output ha he Government for war purpose ‘In this connection,” said Presid | wish to pay a tribute to our emplo those of the operating department, year and a half have he congestion of the railroads, the luring the last nadequate supply of fuel, the embarg for one cause and another, and the s ; ditions during the winter of 1917-18. difficult matter to successfully operat has sometimes could be mad: during times quality in the face of encountered and the poor fuel availab loyalty of our employees and the faithf ting efforts of everyone in the operat was such a result made possible. “Aside from the energy and efficier results in our operating department th¢ employed in our plant contributed n he national cause through their subscript funds for war and also to the va Liberty bonds. In the fourth Liberty loan the num of subscribers was 12,956, and the a subscriptions $3,423,050—an average of $264 For the period of the war this each, and the amount of bonds bought 56,179,400.” President tO. «—~—e arn capacity as ours. It how our mills they did maintain tonnage these time + Work average was Wl total Campbell said the company cannot hop adequate profits during the r period, and its greatest concern is to pr teady employment for its workmen during To do so it will distribute employment order that all employees m in whatever work may be availale may e possible, in The company has not set aside anything f r taxes, as the new revenue act had not vhen this report was written. These taxes n to between and $10,000,000 and ment then will absorb the earnings in excess S8.000 DOO dividends The Influenza Epidemic About $35,000 was expended to combat Free vaccination was offered to all employes ° bers of their families. Among the 5072 pers nated only 35 cases of the disease occurred, 7 of these was fatal. On the other hand, among ployees and their families who