The Iron Age 1918-12-05: Vol 102 Iss 23

bij New York, December 5, 1918 Ww Ww ESTABLISHED | VOL. 102: No. 2 cee | eet. Machine Shop for Gas Producer Work Features of the New Plant of the Smith Gas Engineering Co., Dayton, Ohio Producer Operation for Power Purpose ry ew plant of the Smith Gas Engineering tlignment Co t Moraine Citv, a suburb of Dayton, Ohi Form at Lexington, Ohio, the establishment l ‘ $0 allie vith Dayton interests that the re height | adds erially to the manufacturing and labora notol hor 7 tor tages available by co-operation in th ter ind Some six and a half acres are in the sit¢ nd dirt nore ‘ f tk buildings and here a very well light« ecident fre ry way architecturally impressive man the shop floo1 ST) as been erected. The the department, Fig. 2, illustrates the the freedom given to fl gro t adopted for machines of this size, and ning {t the ft t Here ‘ 7 also s} vs the method of supporting the counter! oted that the plant nanage} e to the foot ar TT haits 1 the main line shafting with least inte! vearine due t tanding or stepping fo. ny erence of the traverse of the crane hook and its’ periods on concrete foundation blocks, have pr load. The counters are held in place by structural ded mats for a nerators the machin kets rigidly gripping the wall. The mai: In Fig. 4 and in several succeeding illust1 line of shafting is also firmly kept in accurate tions are seen jib « ne p e of quick re! ee oP seg tegen get ig we peed Gg pe ® . . oe) keg e 7 | 3 . . 2 . = ~~ = = a > . e a . + . . ; “sf i i , ; a . [ = Bea ea Qn Bee Ll puns . a: wie —-_ 4 = . 7 | ; | te 5 Fig. 1—Layout of Machinery 1373 THE IRON AGE December rom one post o1 lumn to another about the other appliance operated by this plant. An eye bolt is attached sort permanent! ver or he can “hitch on” a pneumatic riveter the center of gravity of every jib horizonta len ping tool at pleasure. er and on catching the point of the hook int Methods of storing stock are shown in his “hold-fast’” the overhead electric traveling Fig. 9 is a view in the hospital depa: rane can easily and instantly put the jib at an Chis is really a first aid proposition, thous ther more convenient assignment plete in every essential for caring for the In every 26 there is a 5-ton Shepard of an accident. There is a neighboring hos ‘lectric traveling crane, 25 ft. under the hook, on considerable size and the equipment of the runways extending the full length of the build Gas Engineering Co.’s plant is expected ing; the cranes being capable of increasing their furnish the preliminary treatment of seriou or the complete care of slight and tempora: For these uses the department is ample. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 illustrate the pow facilities of which details are given in tl connection. Naturally the Smith Gas Eng an electric drill or Co. is a user of producer gas for power p ifting speeds in proportion as they are operated nn weights below their full load. A further function of tl] the columns, 5, 6 and 7, a LT) I is Is to provide in every case connections for air pressure service and for an electric outlet 4 workman may “plug in” Fig. 3—Looking West Through the Machine Shop in the South Bay of the Plant. Note the wood block pavement ‘ center of the bay, the concrete foundation for the machine tools, and the matting provided for the operators of n ics! 1K ls Seip ins Stat pe ads | | er 5, 1918 nstallation is presented in Fig. 13 0 L a Smith gas producer cap tons of coal per hand corner of ring the supply aced immediately es into way the of gas a downcomer of hour. Fig. 12 t fuel to below generato it, THE able of ‘ gasify At the extreme he coal bunke a distributing whence the r. Thence the the pump seen at the extreme right nm. Forced enters a secondary thre ir extractors 1s platform. and also near the center of een the end of the cylindrical ugh in a tar coole the e extract rie snter and to a cooler and ir >. A ° + y Below the platform or work tar receiver. esign of the generator is unique ments such as the shell and the HL ia the illustra shell whic! in that ths lining are fr capac! arrang ( IRON AGE om severe identical tv of ts own g at Gr verh ead f the Gas cow mné hic h Is a as fuel omer - 7a a : A etatecethcacpes. ee “tS to bed. leaving to ates and ¢1 UVUNKeTrs und chet ree ’ inkel le ( r¢ } pe | re I eY the ryY 1376 THE IRON AGE ST eat he ea , | — yar es a? . | a. oe ae oy age ee ‘ Department for the Handling of Raw Steel Sto Its Storage Interior of the Hospital Department THE IRON AGE + End of the thbun gas icer Gas Building of the Plant. Contains a 300-hp. t where the temperature of the gas is reduced most suitably for the From t efficient operation of the tar ex- his point the gas passes through a low-pressure main to the inlet of a gas pump working under a maximum lb. per the differ- is the pres- No as tractor. g pressure of 5 square incn, suihcient to be in excess of ential pressure of the tar extractor pl sure 1 the storage n distributing s chamber i the power for operating the pump is furnished by equired o ystem. holder or gas Ss necessary, a direct-connected steam engine controlled b a ad special variable-speed governor automatically THE IRON AGE Decembe; M *, installed at pliant of the Jeffres pect since no substitute for this materia able in the process employed. But mea found to supply this need without waiti: end of the war, and similar spun glass ca obtained in the United States. The collected tar is kept fluid by heat placed in the receiver. This supply of t: ally employed for firing the boilers furnis} to the engines which are used for workl pumps. Figs. 14 and 1 are reproduced fron showing a cross section of the build justing the speed of the pump to meet the demand’ general plan. The manufacturing floor for gas in use is 108 by 240 ft., the building | The tar-lade s in passing throus he ex- in length. There is also a storage spa tractor comes in contact with a diaphragm of spur’ 80 ft. in addition to the large vard area ylass. In throu this material at high The Smith gas producers, which wer elocit n el in | tric ction Is ¢ : : ee ag plants, tablished which ‘ here causes the fine Y , on tl particles in the J 2) Se, of nut tar “fog” to chi ~X \ yp and together until { ) \ 2 ce | purpost they are of suff J EN dium ient size to drop a | J | ; are heat Co ops : 14 : ul the current { ese | YA Py, 1 oh gas fo V gravit i| r Forgir At one time : in. dis this spun glass . | being was only to be ob- | ) st tiglh its aid tained from Au ti) / a ally cl tria and at the be | so ess outbreak of the rl : metallu: war there was but || . | erating about 75 |b. of it T ae ] + pecially in the countr * || . treating and this in the {se > adaptat hands of the | th 7 Feceptach gas pr Smith Gas Engi- ‘| | this typ: neering Co. It oe: es lakes | _ purposs was nota veryen- * — > — —___—_—_§—_——_ sent an couraging pros- Section Through Main Building advance \ . ° : ificiency and Democracy in Industry The Product Should Bear Only Productio1 Expense —TIdle Capital Is N Mor Entitled to Wages Than Is Idk \ tne word effi le} V taille! recognize the importance ' : ctive efficiency There in the management of of 20 years has made men who have devoted their time t Ww} ve very mucn improve 1 OU nat Ul t ( the productivity of our er ne mind ort the average j é term efficiency engineet i i Tee e need eff ‘ \ ot eater e na é r é ] ] ome ) t I pa neasured I | I Ace red rather thar it Cy e eT nas I Oo mat v e efficis He é i i 1 ( I ' y } é ) i i 1 ys. ry ' yt ‘ 7 D hat a fy why | r \ ead ) ’ ‘ a ' re¢ Dp , ‘ \ k ; ( he prod ’ ' ed i I I ( ! ind ‘ e¢ ) ‘ ‘ we ‘ - T t ) VI we ci r ; . ‘ ] T} } n-¢ | T re tT? ‘ t > r } } nar £ } 4 ) i | 1 l ‘ nr ‘ } } i vaces. H 7 ( a i rl i e vith la Ther : 1 nic r S I ice ‘ I ‘ ( S ‘ OTC Lodo Government Contract Adjustment Delayed Many Contract Adjustments Blocked by Treas- ury Executed — Legislation WASHINGTON, Dec. 3.—Despite a decision by Comp- troller Warwick of the Treasury Department that sup- plemental contracts for the payment of an arbitrary sum in adjustment of cancellations are illegal, the De- partment is planning to continue its program of contract adjustment. Ever since the signing of the armistice ended hostilities, it has carried out a gradually increas- ing policy of contract cancellation. The decision of the Comptroller would tie up hundreds of millions of dollars to contractors whom the War Department seeks to remunerate for unfinished work. Under the statute, the Comptroller has the last word and the War Department has no way of forcing him to honor its warrants. For that reason, it is possible that legislation may be neces- sary to remedy the difficulty. Not The War Department is to protect contractors who undertook hea Government Trying to Mulct Contractors n earnest about its intention vy obligations At the the part an honest adjust- But the technicalities pointed out by n their efforts to speed up Government work same time there seems to be no disposition on of the Treasury officials to prevent ment of contracts. Comptroller Warwick may cause vexatious delay. The ruling of the validate Comptroller also threatens to in a long list of contracts which were not properly executed by responsible officers of the War Department In the hurry of rushing material overseas, orders many : . were placed by telephone and the subsequent proceed- yt carried out with sufficient ) the stat Comptroller Warwick’s ruling. has The question referred to Attorney General Gregory, who will whether ings sometimes were n 1 legal exactness to satisfy demands of been decide } Congressional action is necessary to nt angle the situation. Method of Contract Adjustment Outlined In spite of +h ‘ y .Y tne annou icement of the Comptroller’s decision, which he sent to Secretary Baker a week ago, although it was not published until Friday, the War Department has just issued an announcement as to the methods of contract adjustment which it has determined to carry out. This is in the form of a statement by Benedict Crowell, Director of Munitions, saying in part: be of N I 4 my) l , } wi } ao ar 7 t? rb \\ Depa ’ edurt The ntractor w for delivery, and ! other ite s of t fix the various element yf cost vy} } ) getting ready for pr I Ww chinery not otherwise I Ww } accountants of the War D I Tr} majority of cases will then be presented to I trict Board organized in many of tl irger ties which ar of production Comptroller — Contracts Not Be Properly May Necessary \ board to deal with ordnance contract piace will be pre sided over by the distri who in every case is a civilian and a promir of the community Another member of the erally be the regional advisor of the War I Such advisors are prominent business men, of I position by the local chamber of commerc: her member will be of legal training, anot) countant and the fifth a man versed in techr Che tter three members are generally alr \ he iff of the ordnance district chief With a tituted, the public, the Government and the l sured that a just and prompt settlement d at These boards will endeavor to reach a I ntractor along the lines of the policy la War Department in Washington. Wherever a ched between the contractor and a b will make its recommendation to Washingtor ! it Ww be finall approved and the amount be promptly paid in full Wherever there pir bet we tt board and the contracto thereo! may be made to the several clain DO work in Washington who will cor i ! ita presented | the local board I } t ment vith I cont! OT I I up | he War Department a ] \ I to s he Secretar of W i I t! War Depa ! t is concerned tr ) 1 f n ntra i ich <¢ ( I iy appeal to tl Special Supplemental Contracts Contemplated The Department recognizes that it is highly portant to make provision for cases where contract have so much working capital tied up in exper on unfinished work that without a speedy repayment at least a part of this amount they cannot make | return of the plants to commercial work. |! such cases, while it is practicable to determine rea minimum sum which will be within the figure of settlement, it will frequently be difficult to fi: actness the ultimate sum without a delay wh to the Government and the country the advant speedy return of such plants to commercial w Where this situation exists and to meet the policy of the Department to stand read nto supplementary contracts by which a exceed 75 per cent of the amount which it is ultimately be paid by the Government o1 basis of adjustment will be paid immed contractor upon his consent to a terminat original contract and a release to the Govern! obligations thereunder, the Department agre¢ subsequently such additional sum as it ma} will complete payment to the contractor o1 basis of adjustment. The machinery just iled of in arriving at the terms of final This plan will make it practicable for cont: almost immediately a very substant their working capital for use in switching | work, even where the circumstar that the final determination of the compe! paid cannot be so speedily arrived at. be ava ecure ante t mercial How the Comptroller’s Ruling Was Brought 4 Comptroller Warwick’s ruling was made a letter written Nov. 21 by Secretary Bak communication, the War Department submit' lowing proposal to the Treasury Department The War Department has outstanding nume! for munitions which, in view of the armisti put nterest to terminate In many of these mtractors have a very considerable part ot ipital tied up in expenditures for labor and ot! Dece:nber 5, 1918 THE IRON AGE 1381 infinished work made n performances f the found by the S f W which w is important in the interest of labor 1 the when added to t : cf 3 here grec to be rity of the co y that these y e! iid forthw : ! ' rcial work speedily Ss pract I t g x e witl t a break in the akbar ne nt of lab« } hoo whi ‘ y nt believes ft the : te ; ntras i ter? 1 ‘ ut or i ob wl vould j é € tic fry <I i ‘ y w ‘ 1 ent tt 5 re ] y + ¢ ‘ S ontr A i I I ] bstantial port } g pita I \ ge I for the Department su Comptroller Impeaches Validity of Contracts Made by oe : ae . ' Other Than Contracting Officers tness t A ‘ . j ‘ { t ¢ ry Che ae S10 wi \ t WV rw K ‘ ? ? . - ; : Secretary Bake reply ) ett I the whole | iestion of disputed ntr t ! I erms 1 ‘ ! r that reasor ire I gyhest importance tne \ ra whole rol ind stee str | lé rt ‘ \ t s follows ne oni} estion prope! ru ‘ ! this offic _— = n you n whether pay uld be author . ‘ ed of the m being per rf e al int found Tt the S« wW me * ¢ ‘ Vy the cont icting fi er { iT int 1 ‘ I ) ‘ wh en tne cont icto entitied ] ed i t A I ‘ aking of the ipplement ivreem<¢ ¢ npie et f | ertifying to minimum afr int } tracting fficer upon the statemet nd est f +} nirairt p ficers Che ippie ‘ I I ! t pe ' ne theretofore eX ed Must Inquire if There Was a Legal Contract It Wl ‘ ‘ } ; ‘ ‘ ! f supp ment conti ret ed ft t heers nea I I 1 DAY é ‘ y sions oO the o ta i] ? 4 il nr ec lire y + ‘ ‘ ‘ } ‘ thes ‘ A es tract with tt (; ! ent mad rior t r ipple ta agreeme (or \ n [ ntract late 110 not be ] ¢ mp ince with the pr to) ns of Revised Statutes, Sect 14, that the cor ’ arti igned at the end there 1, section : that the oatl ne flies per y resp ble for 3 } mitract appe { uw} } rning proxy 7 ynsidered bv t} AE ag , . we of Section 3746, the pe es |] f ell personal to he officer); to require tl f und de t the contracting office t tn ne ‘ 1 without adjustme: f suc] e Gover Vi ent may have iyvainst I I gy out t ' efective performance, defaults, et inder the yntract _ om ind for this purpose a specif statement wil e re = iired of both the contra the contr ng officer < f what the clair the G t t are rt there ‘ ire none ‘ 2 that Ff the re sa eva \f G ernr ‘ é i t ot yr ? ict r eeme I é t Terms of Proposed Supplemental Contract Faulty \ ” I your t . 3 ‘ he agreement +} ade ‘ f a ee Lut! es a payme ract I i »t ; eck e to th} G : \ . er pai £ ment mprope mad er t rig yntract and “ » enforce the i é tor and irety for lefects in 1 eria work done, et which may hers . ; [ter appea efer art nd work It doe p [ - t specifi ldeé i ine pr I ns oF artick aa A cailinaie ré hiact onable n that thev wr ild pern + deliverie ; (this being 7 apr the terval to the date of the supplemental agree- tractine ¥ Bas ‘ / ment notwithstand yy not e ¢ f the ntention of the (,0"' t yntractor is entitled to be re burs ernment to terminate Ir nnection with thi the to the contractor such furthe 1n may be provisions of paragraph may it ve a delay befor: l >t) L 9Oo97 JO rminatio! andard ol l Tne con ne oO neret i ’ { ne f the u THE ipplical ntract ind np ntract (pal i} Ir! ition: the limit sned i! t 0 ~ ? ity i { T nplems Should Be Made | IRON AGE Decembe) Coke Inspection at Ovens ty UNIONTOWN, PA., Nov. 30—Coke inspect ovens is provided in the contracts now be | ayette County coke operators with the f for the first half of next year. While a fe efficient producers have maintained such e practice was not general. Practica tract being made for the first half « pon ti basis of acceptance througn insp eT P are contingent ipo! such ict n by the United States Fuel Adm resent price of coke is now $6 per tor S yr tne first nali of next year pr es shall be made at the current Gover 1 in the event the Government abandor price on coke as it is about to do on coal, the f e providing that deliveries shall be ma iinder of the first half of 1919 at the e action of the Fuel A r~vernment price. Th ming price-fixing on bitun ‘ 1 1 x pe ed in coal and coke circles pecause ng up of tli coal situation, with the Dp? ] t coa No such etior for some nt pated here as regards coke ismu ( } ated the teel indust ind ¢ t oke will be regulated ‘ ! fecting th te ndust1 ( ‘ ’ t or it the ‘ A ] ( ! m quality of t I \ minate dangve! I ru! i TY juent nroug ( irragt Heretofore it has } ry ' ( make ne y nsp et na oe ¢ wa ‘ ind in ‘ ; ‘ a el qd rat tin ‘ ar. there t ! rKet Che ( h VeVe mnnot he net é I oduct é nave é ? to y ot or vi nHro< « ¢ ! 1 | l ‘ f ley ce a ) ( purty \ ( i il COKE rrié ? ‘ otified this wet hat severa ¢ { nked ] = ne rt o t ( é evo! nowed y } + + + \ 1 I ne eer enaead \ ! luct n terms of coal wv ( 225,61 tons from t! rec he w Oct. 12. The we oY cro) ité¢ } ; ; ) + Y S ar i the, hi rw te! ( ndaitions ca ¢ D Lut tne regvio (ne 1s 5 ee! i! the coKe reg I I ¢ eks r is ' ippare Fort yr dec? ' y individua product the rmniy ne armistice ind termi! ( Workers had been pushing stead | } . 4) oe highest peak of their individual eff i iW h ne terminatiol! t fient Che rional Fuel A ‘ Y ‘ ot na ng } ( est t Ke! nave riol ’ é +} ‘ nderf i] war r t f N 2 ( ego! net tn wa 4 is ¢ els +hy 1 ipp i Tact, tne TY ? C T ? A li y S mot the hallenge sé } : ; neant 4 +h, , ' ( pres a na I ) ) i ’ é ( ] ‘ ines t [ adadeda ' 1.1 ° 1 é t he Ma linerv ( ’ oo 1 4 + tarted Nov. 11 has so far resulted it —4 e A Foundry Supervision A Routine and Set of Reports Desi to Provide w— Lee ‘ + ( aval! n WW ¢ er; ‘ res S A re ~ y l r } i y A } i \ } } j SV mwnet QC tem 1384 ers’ helpers, coremaking, coremakers’ helpers, cupola labor, cleaning castings, general labor, total melt, good eastings per floor, and any other important items. The weight of the “good castings per floor” should be entered not later than the second day after the heat. This report gives him what the monthly or weekly cost report fails to do, a chance to get quick action on expensive incurred. It is not necessary for us to go into detail regard ing the value of this sheet, only to say the wide-awake foundry manager will very quickly detect a variation in the cost of any department with his sheet before him. He will at once find out why, and take the neces sary steps to cure the evil. He will want to why his coremaking cost $30 more yesterday did the day be- fore; why the general labor has gone up $5 and why the weight per floor dropped. Tn’ 2 fact that he is following these things daily rather t ha! puts every foreman he has on his mettle, and keeps him working on the job every errors, or leaks before a heavy expense is know tnan it has weekly moment. A y pro luctio sheet similar to the one show! keeps him informed of any delays’ or iny work that is not Started ac cording to sched- ile. The plan is to look over the productio! heets for the work not Deine daone the wol na has beer accom plished. As t is quick job to lo- cate the moving parts, or that have een started slow parts I yn this sheet, it requires few moments look over the en e Foreman’s Ht Progress Ri tire list of orders eee a : for a very large shop, and_ thus the superintendent has the him to get behind the yutside complaint. With orders lined up in this manner, the coreroom clerk must keep a similar sheet in cover- ing all parts that require cores with a separate column for each core required to make a complete set, each set of cores in groups. The foundry superintendent must look eoreroom sheet while on his first trip around the shop in the morning, as it is possible to have the core pro- duction posted earlier than the production sheet. The same plan is carried out in the casting clean- ing room, this sheet being the same as the general production sheet, only showing the delivery of castings instead of molding. only a ‘ gr Rey + iow? LU I V enables any information that slackers before there is the coreroom and ovel nis general THE IRON or Workmans! p from the December AGE The superintendent must look over the cleaning room sheet on his first trip around also. After he has returned to the foundry checked up the general production sheet, hy informed as to how the work is moving. This plan does not make a production cler the foundry superintendent as some may thir writer has gone over the daily labor sheet, t} production sheets and the defective records than half an hour and secured the informatio: sary from each that enabled him to bo the weak places in his organization. Every foundry has a bad casting report, report is absolutely necessary to the cost de; Now in organizing a foundry that is going to ( castings at a reasonable cost, and of a quality ; to the made major foundries advisable in additi regular b: ing rep daily fou fective wi ord, as sl the acct ing figure This not onl the nur casting but the number of castings fective but lost. It as important reduce the 1 ber of castings made that ars perfect but be used, as to cut down the percentage of fective that n scrapped W this insist daily re der the “Defective Not te je in additior regular work ré The manner which th defective one in 1 Supplementing the Routine Foreman Right e Line is handle Ir res His Atter yn to Every Work follows: its Short Ar Bad Workmanship The ulate Every Foreman to Eff Some . ‘ n His Own Department inspe¢ cleaning! foreman furnishes each foreman who is dir charge of a number of molders or port on this blank daily. This report covers lost or defective castings or cores made by under the foreman. The report the foreman receives will be f under the following headings: -attern numb¢ fective but not lost; the number rejected; w« rejected, and nature of defect, leaving blank tl} under the headings, workman’s name, workma! cuse, foreman’s report, foreman’s remedy. Upon receipt of this report it is the foremar to immediately investigate each case reported must fill in the name of the workman who mad bad work, the record of the man’s excuse, his as to what he thinks is the cause of the defect a remedy. This remedy will be what he thinks s coremake! yvercome the trouble. When this report is the foreman must turn it in to his superin r to the trouble man, the if one is a part of ll say, “This is a ip the foreman a clerk.” This is a of work mistake. You should be lot with red tape. that f the job can be done very easily as the vestigates each case made as a nstrument to iperintendent to use emen all 1 foreman complain that he is rk, we are overloading him, or he is not big the job. If foreman has under him that he is unable t of their the their trouble, we rt is not record for accounting, the hands of the to get prompt action out defective work. place in on too bi one SO man\ » Spare the cause losses, and how to overcome 1 lading we have a weak Spot in our rea si ould be strengthened at once rt also informs the foundry sup w a foreman is handling his men. It how many foremen there are who trust t their men and get away with it. It is a and very gratifying to know how mu 1d man can do toward making better cast heaper castings if he works at the yuund that it is re mportant ) troreman to wo. it his part of the tl me indaer |! > 2S te tter vi!) t the foren ? S ? the t And Work Record i lesigned simply to n o the things he should do in order r the best there Sin nit a ecure the workmen’s ¢ sé e ! t j l lk to him about the bad v t At tl naturally tell him how t ( the . : and why his excuse is 1 le - give the foundry superintendent ar ort or hat he elleves to be ne re e defect or loss (under the head of For rt) he must inspect the casting. This gets ere we want hin ery morning tT tne The f t tn ne 5 b] ved to spe T vi t the remedy to cure the loss puts h le of the superintendent, who will be it elp him if he needs hel; ometimes a ynnectior etween the ¢ f n ¢ the isting inspector nd t tends to infiuence the report inder ft Nature of Defect.” For this reason we tering of the man’s name to the foremar nd leave the cleaning room foreman i! f who the molder is that made the bad o1 t k. We know that some foremen w and fill in the molder’s report and the remedy to be app n olde r’s floor or seeing the defective cas uU «| ) work excuse, tne lied without f the foundry superintendent is on the jol ake it his business to regularly visit one lers per day and check up the excuse the ; uney have He will defective c: losses. riven for their p reguiariy one or ; more report checks wit] s will always catch the foreman wl get along without doing his work accord ers he rece is very effective in an efficient It automatically tries out eac! 1 puts a in the hands of the foundry lent that can be compiled and used to great by him in making important changes in his Aside from this, if this system is insisted he foreman’s has ived. port creating ation. ’ record mntinued from day to day as intended, we experience that the percentage of defective work will decrease. eport is not intended to be used in connec- the foundry cost system, unless the cost de- in use it without any changes. It is r the benefit of the foundry de- nanagement to THE IRON AGE enable it t handle tl pal ntelliger spatch When anew patter! 5 s the foreman to whom it is ¢ effort to secure the best 1 per day possible Very ofte tion on the new job falls he foreman In cl! ‘ ! nough of his pers I? a ae Ans Maa al ‘ ‘ y 4 y perre R ‘ ? He Ss kpecte t x the pr ore } is pn to the p y , f rer ¥ ¥ ne + ‘ ‘ ; ¢ If reatey ' ‘ ; nad - Ty} repor nave Hee} T YT? I t e foren | i ne . y f + ¢ é the nk be ; ‘ eas i V¢ T } té ‘ Or Tne , ’ ! é ] ’ r ’ y ’ ’ va a nter ‘ y y Y y 7 t if | i ners ‘ ‘ ‘ 6 17 r 1 ’ pia i ‘ mer fr ' Hey ‘ , r ‘ = y ‘ } - f rr Or I I ] eT T eet t ; ; + iob il é } ‘. ‘ 9 OrkK, | rom & I aay, and Ke I it his core } I er floor whether Th ‘ } half } f ine descript ichine i b » + "\Y ect F e p reterred orre rine t ) t guard, | wever . eeve, Manuta r i [ ’ at Sweden to deal wit! act struments, tools, iron tubing and goods which import association ron ferred to any other 1386 THE IRON AGE Decemb: A Comprehensive Stock Record Form to help the Russians in stabilizing their ey Part No. “7 So The Government’s Russian RB) WASHINGTON, Dec. 3.—The War Tra nounced the formal incorporation Bureau, with a capital stock of $5,000,000. ? on. Its capital stock has been issued cash out of Government funds. Th: entirety by the United States Gover the company, says an announcement le Board, wv engage in the busing » Russia and Siberia agricultural imple) ng, and other commodities wl ilation need, bringing back Russ mate! als In return The company id in supplying the needs of the pe ouraging Russian production and t1 the marketing of Russian prod 34 Max FS / Mun J RKS FINISHED. STOCK RECEIVED ISSUEI Jo| 20 | 6-30 | 20 |2/ RS&o Pug / 4 ~ ‘5 | S, 5 [a Pr « I or Amer I Ss W l Vi have n j me ( nr i capital to en Ru Siberia as shipping becon Vv} > ] ! l poli will be te i promote i I t I re a | ta OI ) ( é nera ! oY i ’ nN y | Y 7 + i i Lil ] be I T t} | nre P ( Viad ying co , » Sil i has des > 1 ws cre! é j I By 1are ' > i S ere I R IsSla [ \ rma » tne ! Russia and the mmodit r export from Russia. A ddit o time be scheduled, ar D ! [ icenses to export “4s ah ac , + he needed ni? 11U1¢ as nev Know to be needed e head office of the Russian Bureau [rade Board Building at Washington, D. ¢ f +) ot directs ; of the company consists or tne War Trade Board. Vance C. McCorn the War Trade Board, is president of onr Foster Dulles is secretary and Henry B. Van Sinderen is acting manag rectors are Vance C. McCormick, Thoma irne, Jr., Edwin F. Gay, Albert Strauss Taylor, J. Beaver White, and Clarence M. W >: O. BARRETT This stock re 11 ma e used either a ‘ard or in bo¢ form ¢ illv we t is the ilt of experienc with evel whic entailed more labor t operate The leg if thi forn to follow through e piece f} t tiy the order wa ni: ¢ int to pe done a ? rine p tw nr ‘ { re ( na I } 11r p 3 é ‘ a t ’ i rhe ‘ Mate hre tac STOCK I Or fiy had ‘ W . r¢ l ? yy i AISLE NAI I I \ <1 A / 7 5 Row M RIAI LO ALF we ) / = . £ y f Bin 3. M. No. _/ f T : rs ‘e I ( EF | ’ r ; . o/b ‘ ry e JI038 } / Py é # - i |< 7 @ os . . O«., | O « aa ff - 1°" OIF } a ——_—. — iain ‘ ; : 4 se ) ; f 0) é ‘ Ferron ; In tc S i Sa knew tacae € omanganest¢ orts x all meptel € I? ee ae ee o 102 gross tons, or the lowest f ’ month nee t} war started. The August imports were 3743 tons The total imports for the né nths ended Sept. 30, 1918, were 26 271 tons, a comy read with 38.875 tons tor t} e same nine mont! n 1917. vere 254 tons, as compared with 284 tons in August. The en- tire export movement of this material for 1918 to Oct 1 amounted to 3404 tons, as compared with 1139 tons to Oct. 1, 1917. Exports of ferromanganese in Septembe!1 The Industrial Commission of Wisconsin a circular to all employers of children in calling attention to the relation between the law and the workmen’s compensation act, thr’ compensation is trebled in cases where a ployed at a forbidden machine is injured. ement to THE IRON AGE, Dec. 5, 1918 LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LL DIAGRAM PRODUCTS OF MINES AND QUARRIES | [RON WORKS AND PRODUCTS BESSEME]! INVERTI ORE BLAST FURNACE > < Pig Iron - < OPEN HEARTH FUR! LIMESTONE BEE HIVE OVENS—COKE > COAL COKE a RETORT OVENS Coke Breeze Coke Dust CRUDE GAS Fuel Gas Tar | ELECTRIC FURNACE 4 Pitch Ammoniacal Liquor Ammonium Sulphate Ammonium Chloride Slag Sonnet COMMERCIAL DESIGNATION Solvent Naphtha a 1 ranulated Slag — EMENT 2. Ferro-Manganese Granulated Slag 3. Bank Slag Railroad Ballast Slag Road Building Slag This diagram, which was prepared originally for the Carnegie Concrete Aggregate Slag Steel Co. by R. B. Woodworth, engineer, shows graphically the various Roofing Slag stages in the manufacture of steel. It gives the technical names of the Slag Sand various equipment used in the manufacture of pig iron and steel and the raw, semi-finished and finished products obtained therefrom in the various works of the United States Steel Corporation. DIAGRAM OF STEEL MANUFA DDUCTS STEEL WORKS AND PRODUCTS | I - | fi cf C BESSEMER CONVERTER ——~< Ingots |B Slag ? ~ c ™* } OPEN HEARTH FURNACE —~< Ingots —________ 5 Ingots | Slag—(ertilizer) eo = | ELECTRIC FURNACE ——~ Ingots be | Slag—(Calcium Carbide) {MERCIAL DESIGNATIONS anulated Slag ————_—___{ CEMENT MILLS — Cement =. prro- Manganese Granulated Slag é ank Slag Railroad Ballast Slag Road Building Slag | Concrete Aggregate Slag saiainamsini Roofing Slag Slag Sand ACTURE ROUGHING MILLS Blooms BLOOMING MILLS COGGING MILLS BILLET MILLS Billets Sheet Bars ———_{ | | —SLABBING MILLS - Slabs + 4 ii ateuitiaaacemsincneninmmsiidl SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS J | Cylindrical Blooms FINISHING MILLS SHAPE MILLS FORGING PRESSES 7 RAIL MILLS —————— c WHEEL MILLS -—————_< | \ c MERCHANT MILLS — ’ WIRE ROD MILLS{ Wire Rods{ PIPE MILLE ———————{ SHEET MILLS ——————{ UNIVERSAL PLATE MILLS\| SHEARED PLATE MILLS f) UNIVERSAL PLATE MILLS coat FORGING PRESSES ——_{ SINISHED PRODUCTS Beams Channels Angles Zees Tees Splice Bars Axles Shafts ili tndnensnennsesinnniisincinntipil Car Wheels Gear Blanks Other Circular Sections Bars woscianeisninanendtedleh Bands L Hoops Cotton Ties Small Sections r WIRE DRAWING MILLS —{ Wire f Seamless Tubing | OO a \ Eye Bar Flats ————___________{ \ Universal Mill Plates ; Light Armor Plates Sheared Plates Skelp {We Jed Pipe Universal Mill Plates Heavy Armor Plates SPECIAL USES Fabricated Structures Frogs and Switches Sulphate of Lron Eye Bars Horse Shoes Nuts, Spikes and Bolts Galvanized Wir Springs Rope Barbed Wire Woven Wire Fence Nails Sulphate of Lron Corrugated Sheets Tin Plate Terne Plate Galvanized Sheet Dec mber 5, 1918 THE IRON AGE 1387 cc JNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE made | aa R of the Work of This Great Department for War Organization T l¢ i no T é y + } ne sto ‘ i e! ia I 177 > y + ViLIES l { le ] + liarl { s le O ' rar ' } ne ry mn ’ S D¢ rie fi re ’ the be l by | I to ( \t I repor Mr. Giff i p iT 7 rt? } y = ¢ ] T i I Va | a I rie \ 1 { n r fur ns 0 n i nd 1 ully thre h the great ( f D de ip of 5 ite oO I , ganizations, reaching pr ount ‘ n¢ rved a ind rel wl ir! I } h 1 I I if e 2) ‘ c d I 1 de ed on oO ting’ ¢ mie e Ce ed neé \ : . re 7 ‘ y y { ’ ( d I . 8) : ? ' t , : } emt! 1? ot { n itional It I ied par I I inci] t S I ‘ ‘ te [ 7 “ t ) W } ( 1 Gi é onl Te a ‘ es i the nor f r ra! ne tl ( 1T 5 ‘ : he report were the Committee on Labor, Con protest t vy Engineering and Education, Med Sectior tio! M ral Medical Board, Highways Transport ‘ National Research Council, acting as the d: of Science and Research of the Council, a1 ff f Consulting Board, acting as a committee o1 re of sucl report is divided into three sections, the first equal worl met 1 night ¥ with the history of the branches of the Council women.” 1388 TRANSFORMATION OF STEELS Japanese Studies of the Effects of High Tem- peratures in Carbon and Tool Steels The Japanese have been contributing interesting data to the metallurgy of iron and steel in the Science Reports issued by Tohoku University and among these Prof. Kotaré Honda’s name is prominent, particularly in connection with investigations of transformations in iron and steel. Recent papers have appeared on this subject either under his own name or in collaboration with other investigators. The contents of these were recently summarized in the London Jron and Coal Trades Review, and they are here abstracted as follows: The first paper is “On the Transformations of Spe cial Steels at High Temperatures,” by Professor Honda, in collaboration with Messrs. Tawara and Takagi, the latter another well-known expert. The authors studied and other six of thermally an carbon steel] special 1 micrographically. ; h described in this or six specimens of steels magnetically, The methods are fully tributio previous con ns to the Science Reports. Change in Magnetization from mag steels discontinuous change it As regards the six carbon (containing 0.1 to 1.22 per cent), the netization at the eutectic point was observable even in the steel of the smallest carbon content, while in steels containing more than 0.8 per cent, a large part of the agnetization was discontinuously lost by heating or egained by cooling, at the eutectic point. The heat evolution or absorption at the eutectic transformatior was very large. The eutectic points during heating vere generally by 30 to 80 deg. higher than those during voling. For all these six steels the magnetic transfo1 ation of plain cementite was observable in the vicinity of 200 deg. C., both on heating and cooling The six special steels were all of German origin Their chemical composition is given in the paper Ir were two peaks in the heating range ol the ease of five there irves in the whole t deg. ( The of the maximum temperatures attained during previous temperature up to YUU position of these peaks was independent heatings. One was due to the A. or magnetic trans formation, the other to the A, transformation. In the -ooliIng Curves of all these five special steels the critica point, A., remained the same, but A, occurred at ower temperature than in the heating curves. In some ‘ases the two points, A, and A,, coincided in the cooling curve The sixth sper lal steel, Becke1 D amond, gave the magnetic transformation of plain cementite at about 200 deg. C., both on heating and on cooling, like the six carbon stee Slow Heating and Cooling In a further paper Professor Honda publishes the results of his W hich the steels investigation to the tempera- transformation in case of ascertain reversible A takes place in the tures al carbon rate of heating and nvolved an extremely cooling As this condition constant temperature of the hours at the A the author did not consider a thermocouple a proper device for the purpose, and employed the method of magnetic analysis, that is, the temperature of transformatior was measured by observing the change in the intensity The as described in previous contributions by himself and his fellow investigators in the same periodical. A low carbon (0.29 per cent) steel, called “hotyotetu,”’ and 12 earbon steels (0.14 to 1.50 per cent C), of Krupp make were experimented upon. The results of this investigation are summarized as follows: slow maintaining a three specime ns for two or point, of magnetization during the transformation method employed was the same In the ‘ of « ront g impuritie other than carbon, the A I ym « ( reversit take niace nowever iow tne Tr } ting and cor I may be In the « e of pure carbon tee I weve! t re take place The temperature of the reversible A, transformation for deg. C At an extremely lint coincides with the slow rate of iture of the temper THE IRON AGE December eversible <A transformation, or comes very In the case of impure carbon steels the Ar, px lower than the Ac, point, cooling may be extremely slow though the rate of hs The difference in temperatures depends on the amount of carbon impurities The Ar, point is independent of the previous maxi ture attained in In all the 13 heating steel specimens investigated transformation of the cementite is noticeable with the carbon content, its ec1 about 210 deg. C Professor Honda propos temperature the A» point The paper is illustrated with 14 diagrams, 13 curves for the steels investigated, and one iron with only 0.009 per cent carbon content last case the magnetic transformation of the « is absent. Tungsten Steels In a third paper, Professor Honda and M kami pick up and continue the investigation of Arnold and Read on tungsten steels as British authors in their paper read before tl tution of Mechanical Engineers in March, 1914 Japanese authors investigated four specimens of rive! steel (one of German, one of Swedish and Japanese make). The conclusions arrived out in 10 clauses. Some of these, they modest may not be new, but they believe that the and its with heat t are more clearly dealt this paper hitherto. The results arrived at by the by magnetic analysis were fully borne out by analysis, and also by photomicrographs taken The paper plates of curves and 12 photomicrographs. A fourth paper by T. Ishiwara gives the rs the author’s magnetic investigation of the A transformations in pure iron and steel, conducted Professor Honda’s guidance. A similar paper ap by E. M. Terry in the Physical Review of the Am Physical Society. As the result of the Japanese a own and his fellow workers’ experiences, the su table is arrived at containing the tures of the five transformations: of magnet steel change with in were same specimens. is accompanied reversible te nsi i¢ r ‘ ‘ \ ° ( M é tr Kutectic t I Magnet t r stee \lr n \ ) (ys r ‘ In the case of pure iron there are only tl formations, A., A, and A,. In the case of cart there are five, of which A, A., A provided the rate of sufficiently slow. take place at periods, heating or co New Open-Hearth Furnace in Philade); The Philadelphia Roll & Machine Co., Ph a subsidiary of the Taylor-Wharton Iron & > Co., 30 Church Street, New York, has rece into operation a new open-hearth furnace. 1 pany will produce heavy steel castings in ad its regular run of light and castings medium conv: Unofficial conjecture now places the begi! operation of the new steel works of the Tennes Iron & Railroad Co. at Fairfield, Ala., abou next, and the shipbuilding plant of the samé at Mobile is expected to start at the same tim: Under the style of the Swiss Import Asso: Iron, Steel and Metal, an organization has bee! at Berne with the object of facilitating the 1m) export of raw materials and of semi-finished ished materials from and to Germany, and of uting and controlling the imported goods. en ver 5, 1918 erican Engineers Go to France AY invitation of French engineers, the American é5% f Civil Engineers has appointed from its mt p an advisory committee to attend the en- ating congress to be held at Paris, France, about ler the auspices of the Societe des Ingenie- es and the French Government. This pplements a preliminary one held last March. im includes an intensive discussion of main- d construction of roads, the development of ver, inland waterways, ports, and of othe tended to comprehend every phase of recon- and rehabilitation particularly of devastated Millerand is president of the congress. The of the American committee is Major J. F e American International Corporation, chair rge W. Tillson: Nelson P. Lewis: A. M George F. Swain; George W. Fuller; Main, also president of the American Society ’ al Engineers; L. B. Stillwell, also member Electrical Engineers; and E the American Institute con- Institute of member of aiso Kneineers kable Output of a One-Ton Converter na Steel Casting Co., Lima, Ohio, has just ts previous The production of mn Whiting Converter, the only one at pre 134.4 tons of good castings for the Practically the whole output wa yr indirect for Government About f this was under physical requirements No. 3. No trouble has been experienced records. qa, Was etober. work. the specifications. About 60 heats showed ng average physical results: melting unit consists of a No. 3 cupola, This cupola is of the standard type with modifications the superintendent, in lapted for Four hundred October and some made Dy order to make it service in connection U and forty-three heats were 1.404.000 lb. of The abnormal production was provoked nt demand of kinds of work. iron melted some castings for ne}, and Industrial Re published a memorandum on ts and cooling liquids, advises the Eng in which it states that the mineral oils est suited to be used as cutting lubricants, mixed with animal or preferably of pale color, of low viscosity, mm 100 seconds to 200 Redwood at hr. The lower viscosity oils may be used peed conditions and oils with higher viscosity Of the anima! her alone or in admixture, tinged lard oil a irtment of Scientific recently e Or vegetable oil, are seconds a for slow-speed conditions. ; as much as 10 to 15 per cent ol frequently employed. Prime from acid; it is much more expensive thar P on ++. tree ' lard oil is il, but is less inclined to gum under sever Lard oil con 17 wherever possible, a heavy cut and high speed. d weather, so that, lard oil and low cold test on account of greater fluidity } 1 mineral oil is t in the cold in the mil Steel Co emorial to its former employees e of the nation the Brier Hill Ohio, has erected a bronze tablet in its fices, with names of the men in raised letters contains 340 names and 125 are to be added, 165, about one-tenth of the total number of when the United States entered the war. In the name of Capt. John Stambaugh, II, son Stambaugh, director and treasurer of the cor- THE IRON 1389 AGE Traveling Radial Screw-Driving Machine A radial type traveling automatic screw-driving machine for work that may be built up on bench or special form and that has screws driven before re moval has recently been designed by the Reynolds Ma chine Co., Massillon, Ohi It can be equipped to handle a range of screws varying from No. 2, % in. to No. 8, 1 in. long. It essentially a radial type, hung from a column, which if desir may be made movable upon a track made alongside é rk or form bench where, because the work too large be conveniently handled, a machine must be taken to the work The usual spindle bearing, t ving 1 ! and screw magazine are mounted 1 head which is carried on an I-bean The I-bea che a pivot bracket that turns in pivot bearings in a saddle mounted on a column a ud tabl heis within any convenient working ing I l may ( mounted on a statio1 ary ase, or if desirab ir e at tached to a base having whee tnat run ! nd are guided by track rails. The head carrying the magazine ind spindle mech sn n eam witl earings It n [ hand rant at the end of the beam near the operator’s usual pos yn, the cor nect I t tne iXi¢ eing meat f shaft ind ur versal nt & re pr ed mn the arriage to connect with the easure ifety against accidental overtur! . In operat the driving ev ! irted either er ) ne ? and j ne é driven bv oO! ning swing rir I f ent of head on arn ind Mn emer! of ti rriage Late or head r arm, Vir ng the arn 9% I tne base new I is ré llred While ny range of actior Vithin reasor a) . ired ni N radial t tated, V1 eT i width of f , g ng ar orle 0 deg., Y \ th of nearly 4 ft. ir rect cross lines at right angles to tne ylum1 Ar re onable length can be cured by naking provision for the electr wire The cor troller for operating motor rried by same bracket that carries the tor, thu ying it withm easy each of the operator The Donner Steel Co., Buffa ha mpleted plar for additions to its plate mill, 18 x 150 ft., 18 x 135 ft and 18 x 90 ft $15,000. The Lackawanna Bridge Co., Buffalo, has the contract for construction. one story, of stes onstruction, to cost Inspection of Steel Arc Welds Factors Determining Their Character— Penetration and Electrical Tests—Analy- sis of Welds and Their Heat Treatment ) i ks ( ETERMININ( la te. eld nt t relhlable indication of th I e weld ffered Dy the penetration te y metl i no! tn \ { i , e present of unfused oxide surfaces, been responsibl Une { f Ou ere ( D w holes will offer a varying derres the f é I ell results in the testing of s1 I el¢ I h i possibile by ne sé f the y I ide é ! r » the nature of the apparatus, the a accumu now : toa required and the difficulty of manipulat nethod of inspection preting results, it can hardly be cor ent time as a successful mear to be How to Determine the Character of a Weld Re ee tion : ’ [he that hydrogen « ur lea i t ‘ nt from pressure above atmospheric t u t al rvsta tructure r from atmospheric to partial vacuum ca Some of the othet nt ( that ive bee! termined, by equipment which would sug ye ted and used itl? tnes ' I } | ( n » 1 the light advantage ove! art tration in time reduction is not of suffici varrant consideration for most welds Ke ene I tne various liquids that s marked advantages, due to its av latility and high surface tension Due haracteristics, kerosene sprayed on a wi pidly drawn into any capillaries produced ete fusion between deposited metal and wv between succeeding deposits, slag inclu kets, ete., penetrating through the weld the existence of an unsat sfactory str a tain on the emerging side \ bright-red produced by dissolving suitable oil solul By eal f tl test, tn pre en found that could not be detected wit! ul yr other methods. By the kero a sequence of imperfect structures he weld, which presents the greatest hi: uld be immediately located. It wever, that this method is 1 on of isolated slag or gas po ! ed ! ( iT It has el ‘ } r. that a weld ma al l r « ited I iff tit a great extent t d ’ betrayed by the k e to ! it the meta th a re rewelding der proper pe! < , Pasoiine ] I e! t t erab] remove No I f e! ountel! Or weld id Electrical Test Method Ob is difficultie iré t ne rical test s teas é ~ f I nation ol the effect of col e of neighboring paths : practicable, portable instruments for the detection of slight f lal inst requ on ictivity or magnetic field intensity racti | é ( process tests ar pla isible, excepting those whic! S carried out jecting the metal to excessive stresses, Of the above methods the visual examination i ng the crystal structure. Control of this f mo. importance tha reneral 5 imitted Together e determined by the experience obtaine: with it, the « hipp ng and calking tests are of parti ilar wing a prescr bed process. neglect by the operator of the cardinal welding prin consider that through the proper use of \ lue to the fact that only a very poor joint will ping and penetrating tests a more definite isefulnes The latter test serves to indicate gross The inspector of metallic are electrod« 4 respond to the tests. of the finished joint may be secured than is |} a : either riveting or concrete construction. T! Pittnhureh F tion may be still further safeguarded by requ! 1390 ciples, r 5, 1918 THE IRON AGE 1391 a specified process ood esult are ising irrent e. and 3 a +} erator t rrect yrocedure s followed ‘ome to the L a ee : s ‘ welding can no sooner produce an ac- xcess OF tl ict thar nit-or-miss weaving will m e The ipproximat l I nt t ‘ ised ] ) 1 ot] [t is only logical that all the ste r given tl é iringe operat } ahs d reg rod ’ ‘ ne he $s e results As 3 e tely I T Ve 1eY ‘ nsiger tt ry an . e . T no t é res ting rye pera I “ Su ess ' — ‘ ‘ctrodes va ) (yr¥ ~ af or } suite 16 ne o} enshrou Ele a \ e (rive ‘ f y i W d NI in iflage ring h« : iT to Ve 0 t sa é icce l Tt 0 he ' j veld 2 tly d. 1 ‘ ‘ i ‘ ‘ depts Awe 4 ‘ . . Analysis of Are Welds 1 t I t — rié ) I r 7 I lil VV - O ! 0 ' " ( ct of Too Low Are Current Values : , Building a School on a Busine