The Iron Age 1918-10-31: Vol 102 Iss 18

New Y ork. Uect 4 18 Massive Shell Lathes for Neville Island Machines for Boring and Turning Shells 12 and Larger in Diameter Have Many Features D veloped Especially for thi Operations in \ \ e( M; r ner { y } VI I A aesignead numobe! : nines ! initions wo! a gf In-! ring s ind p { I es T ed « ny IT l ‘ t ‘ et ‘ is ne ring <¢ ? et me ! Hs i re 3 ror irning a ring sne \ nd, Pittsburgh rdnance plat States steel ("4 rporat ? yuLidi? rnment In reality, these are single-pu é pose tools, inasmuch as they are built solely ! tl <ing of 12, 14, 16 and 18 in. shells, w eU-1n asa possibility. The turning lathe is 29 ft. 9 in. in lengt} vel The fe 5 ft., 3 in. in width, has a swing of 39 in., 1 end of the adstock end is 6 ft., 8 in. in height r'} re t eight is approximately 65,000 Ib. As 1 t expected of any design conceived by L. |. Ye U t bearing nans and his associates. the new machines en irate att race several novel features apart from their mas nu iveness. The spindle has a double drive; there are isual and convenient means of control; the fee screw is placed in the center of the bed, instead Straight and Curved Sections Machined Simultaneously, and through the apron of a carriage; there 1] : l } ee 4 } } ” specially-designed metnoad of turning ne Che . . P ] } } ‘ ; pped t I h l f rw portion of the shell, besides other features, : . . , . . y +» y ttod ; ‘ be described. Wel ‘ : \ll Gear Changes Inclosed in Headstock friction clutch being e} te shaft wh The bed and headstock are cast in one piece. gives ihe machine is belt-driven by a 12 x 16-in. pulley 1 set of spun on the first driving shaft, the pulley being equipped ther set at the o] with a friction clutch, thus obviating any overhead raverse perating the untershaft with tight and loose pulleys, or other thr t. The overhead contrivances for starting and stopping the by power, has two c1 machine. The speed reduction gears are contained for turning the porti e ell which u n the headstock, four gear shifts giving four mately is straight, presuming tl spindle speeds with a constant speed of the first opening Lathe for Boring Large Sh on tie te > bar to be retarded or accelerated The set of levers r 1071 nveement THE IRON AGE Oct 2 7 - ¢ = > ~ J) + y Z a Aye Ah 3 L_} 5 1 - j : - i=Z Peseta | —— ---~ 1 see ty 1 = re f J ~ \4 LB i \ en ~ a+ warty JS —_ Gaon ,. ot J J det — col ma a act 2 Demy ~ , ia ty 7 wi - ' 1 H e f nt ngles to the work, a phase of the rming at hich is considered most important a rriage at the v tendency of the tool to mount the cur t r? ises the proper cutting edge to be pr with a | k to the work at all times. The cutt edge toward the ax not change as it would if the to e live cente angles to the axis of the shell. ] ar The carriage consists in part « naster carriage, this being in real he he part that rests on the ways a! ¢ — —_ io 10 1074 THE IRON AGE the nut throu nict t mparte tne Al mportant eature of t reed rew ne ppe! ? T ry Lore n y ive . ‘ tne } ‘ ! { r giv tne carl roner <¢ Y t é can be 1 i ed Y } é nee 0} li | f I I ‘ l tne 1avV: + et ‘ . ‘ ; y ing } i? Loy? ; ‘ ; } ‘ ’ ‘ ant ther rrie ped or the operator. The main p T ‘ T ( ny t i t Tne Hoy? ney Da? Te ‘ oro the re as f ows: { \ eA e! lhe arriage is drive! rew, the nut being support , 1 Tne 1 e¢ VI [ 1 Can revoive.,. At Orie tt ! one wav or tne otner at liat ne¢g Tine ? ndwheel f ement r tne eed re f parte t tne screw ¢ y te) Left aione, Tne ‘ r rr é \ 4 , ture f +} ar} ; teandens + { 1+ InDwW ‘ ! re tne ring al edure ( ( ne |] rib tne f ier tne ' 1 WI [ ast | { ‘ | ding the ‘ Cd Tr Tne ¢ ry earing irface on ti ‘ , th ait nroner al { +h ¢ “ +} nitahle ‘ ul ‘ Abit SC! h¢ { { \t the rear end of the carriage, ‘ f | 1 IStO! ! manner, {) tne machines to be « 96 are for boring and 7 l { I ‘ t vy Products ¢ , St. Louis, and ae ( re B Co., Pittsburg! t f f r} have been complaints to ; + ; ? } + + +} } . + + , i+ 7 Board that the heat-resistant qualities o t g made are not up to the sta | + } an ar 2oOy ‘ ries pre-war times, but manufacturers « ge 4 +} + +] mad amit 4taae wniatn +) ¢ i $ 1s not so, and they explain tol me > is due t the ext yw h¢ ' ; The « .Y : ta c aa fir I t ( ! tor mater als is ed to ft na r< heine + er re ¢ ; Y iownwa i tende! v nay T . j M 1017 It ; +; that the entire nin A ; ) ‘ y t1AY W rkKin?g ho ‘ me i Ww g nd t + 4 y te n ind the 9-11 il 9 at or n two shift Exte no + +) Y nt uN ’ ‘ t 1) . ( A Oht : ~ in the IInited States ’ f | 1s i ; . f 1Q99 > ; } . ++ +) Ww) ' I ‘ : +7 aT i eT or uy l a 7 er l I nas of the export trade as soon as ‘ remenwrts re over evelopment of American Ferromanganese Manganese-Bearing SI: ¥ IFOm r iil + TYnit + y + : 2 ‘ I miuced ur te! mange é re llrem<¢ ; : 4 ner ey out t+ f 2 9 , ' ry) + ] | f luced and por l i y ’ rte ’ ‘ it fe ~ tit * r 1 Oy ‘ 2 th ’ 1 ] ‘ ‘ > > iu > ‘ i ' , ; hinr r } 1 y ( ! elo } ! } | [ J Pe e y , no } | 1 I ) ’ } y ] ! em I a ] . ‘ T > r r 7 ! q nS 4 ; f y . i + } } | i f ‘ : 2 i f ine ac ‘ ore , } T ’ T Tr r "r ’ , | , ' } r¢ ryt ~ na th, ] 7 T rré é } ear of ] osne TOY i Tine = o>? ' ‘ Tr Q i tota a of foyry , ly yt } ‘ , t neat y y ry ‘ ‘ } iu A : S to eT Y ) ’ , - ¥ +} i ‘ ‘ l pieryeile ( ! ] I ; ’ ’ y ‘ t i ! vA ‘ ¢ r ’ j 1918 j ) ¢ mat ; } +} eCOY rT wn ft tine >? i l e¢ just! A re wnat af +1 gcc i ical , i l i T y f y y ¥ *? per ntn oO ri¢ i ATlPali€ t 65 ne? ant the YY nthi requireme ; nese w , 4) tons r } tior OOD h of meta manganese in the form of é equired Assuming the average . r cé the monthly requirements will I ranese re rement for the }U } } 119 feryy +} fory anvanese and i tnere re S ed to pe 288 000 tons; r r - ¥ ? y © h > Yy > Yr 1 iliabDle at tnis me ne ‘ produce ore tnat W contain at t tr the manganese content required e £ Shes 4 rron -anec and en la y of ferromanganese and spi Use of Silico-Manganese . ; . oO. +} teas na tru co j d ] I 1 v ’ ‘ rT .r ry% ¥ | p y u gy, . their direct ad I é 5 ; ‘ ¥ ie rory ~ OY f Yr nror ’ nt met ir | rT tea at +} F rth National r New Y > t 5 S \Iane =a . aid BH } > \I Safe Punch Press Operation* Elimination of Cuts and Lacerations — Mechanical Guards — Lighting and Ar- rangement of Machinery — Safe Practices < W. ROACH S my sha eous if th \ cal ( day ‘ l Cie i pt > ew On jo where dies do not have t ‘ [ O ards I Olved lent y (where the output of the pres al I effor ; Ur t 1s po e to construct fences rn pressroon el ! na been we ath or wire mesh around the dies, a elir ted Nsw ng the pening for placing the work. On pl vt UU rt re i ety metnod OW e ll ned fo removing pieces, suc! e pre ictlon , this connectior in be mentioned pre f ip? of and absolutely safe = I di partme { wi t} . faseu { pi 7 ts : AY mportant afety device is a per cent and ad g the same per reauced acc keyed to the shaft at the side of th tent severity io per cent fastened to the frame of the press op: . é‘ 5 Eliminating Cuts and Lacerations pie er ee en ee ee ae P or “dropping back’ of the ram. Su lo properly consider the subject of safety in the may be illustrated by the case of a di¢ 5 Operation ¢ presses, 11 May be we to first mention wiping a die which had just been set * the general arrangement of the pressroo Good hgnt belt had been thrown off, the pulley a e ing onditior are i primary importance and should properly blocked, the ram dropped dov e always be considered whe ti! presses If arti die setter’s hand between the two di g hcial lllumination 1S used the amps should be sO placed rare, such happenings must be guards th the light will strike upon the d The layout of presses so that each operation can be performed Safe Practices progressively will make for safe operation as well as Closely following the mechanical gu g of the for greater production. Mechanical and gravity cor presses should come the introduction of safe practic veyors for moving material, parts and scrap eliminate nd in a number of instances safeguarding and safe one of the chief hazards in the pressroom, namely, practices may be carried on simultaneously cuts and lacerations due to handling sheet metal and Dies should be so constructed as to give the max stampings. mum amount of safety to the operator. This is How shall presses be operated so as to insure safety; important factor, for it is often possible, with a few to the operators? The answer can be found: (1) minor die changes, to transform a dangerous operation The installation and use of mechanical guards; (2) nto a safe one. All unnecessary metal on dies, strip the introduction of safe practices in the operation of pers and punches should be cut away, thus clearance for the operator’s hands and fingers. A lapsible guard should be installed for all die have guide pins, so that the pins will be entir closed. presses, and (3) The education of press operators iz ¢ the safe way of doing their work Mechanical Guards The first safety efforts in the pressroom should be One of the greatest agents in keeping the operators directed towards providing every possible safeguard hands out of the danger zone is the revolvi for each press. The drive pulley, clutch and fly-wheel feed. Instead of placing the work on the die wit! should be completely guarded, together with all gear- fingers, the work is dropped into receptacles in a ing. The treadle rod, treadle or tripping lever should At each stroke of the ram the dial is auton be enclosed or guarded in such manner as to prevent revolved, placing the work in proper positior the press being operated by any other than the opera- die. Not only does such a device insure safety) tor’s foot or hand. On large toggle presses runways yperator, it increases production. Another safe with railings should be provided, so that necessary oil of feeding presses and increasing productio! we ing may be done in safety; counterweights should be by the use of chutes. The piece is placed i guarded. and is moved toward the die by the piece following ; With the working parts of the press properly until the end of the chute is reached, when it guarded, attention should next be given to the guard onto the die as the chute is inclined, which ing of the danger zone in which the operator’s hands’ the feeding of the pieces. The piece is either are placed when inserting or removing work. Such a_ through the die after the operation or is eje guard must be: (1) A positive safety device; (2) yme other means. capable of keeping up the usual production, and (3) In a pressroom doing a great variety of wor re operated without unusual exertion on the part of the are many operations for which no safety d operator. be efficiently used. Where such conditions pré Patented guards have been placed on the market’ the operator’s hands or fingers would othe with clain f accomplishing these things; 1 loubt placed within the danger zone, especially you are familiar with many of them. It may be wel pliers or tongs should be used for insertins however, to mention one or two features of automat ne work Here, again, one may hear tl guards \n automatic guard to be positive in its acti plaint—such a practice would cut dow: should be operated by the downward movement of the Experience shows, however, that after a ram. Guards which operate by the action of the clutch f readjustment, production will be as @g or tripping lever are not always positive, as it is pos work is placed on dies with pliers instead sible for a loose brake to allow the press to repeat fingers or hand. By constructing the handles or the ram to drop down. Electrically controlled after the fashion of scissors, their operat +hear ; presses, which are operated by push buttons—a con facilitated, and by bending and forming nection having been made before the press is tripped and pliers may be adapted to a wide variety m+ t - . ol ] roy . . ria give satisfactory results on larger presses or on toggl| : 1 —' ac Ss presses, especially where a helper works at the back Us2 of Vacuum Cuy of the press. Mechanical tripping devices are advan- Another safe way of placing and removi! S r s by means of a vacuum cup arrangement. The ¢ ° . . all 1eC°e made of rubber and is attached to a small piec‘ 1076 *IFrom a paper delivered before the National Safety Coun cil Convention at St. Louis, Sept. 20 ¢ 1918 THE IRON AGE 077 nected with a hose to a suction su seems to be ir ' ' ‘ f a however, is best adapted to the feed ators is a tra , satin \ somewhat similar method is the the 1 t t nt " * 7 . ? . . r ere » r tor remo if nt wor I t ‘ f res with the ope n of the pre c tr ‘ i vy foot treadles should have w n ‘ g vhich can be placed : tF ny i CO é + pla ¢ ¥ a ‘ e [ l ef and i! 1 € ] r I es ire ngea r rece Y be attacned » Tne toms t € ‘ n I er é heet n 1 Ww ‘ 4 pre * ely associated th tne ope always the ew na freque 1use of Jur’ ‘ tion. The wearing of gloves should : : : , ry for operators, helpers and all er Liquid Metal Open-Hearth Cha ng Ca ities require the handling f neet lhe W iam B. P rap Under such a rule ¢ 5 ‘ t cost price; an equitable and poy r , present time fry Th ; re LNs Vi é er run are employed in should be re ipproved types lng; caps nd retain the them at* work. TI ety Education or oO ne 7 S} | ’ M : I , oO i I per edu é inde} : e unused and scarae Out of i I wal I r spou yunted I y on and safety propaganda, five things yf the ladle shown f spensable in the education of a press’. built to carry any desired cay e safe way of doing his work stand out: After tl ile | of liquid meta ployment of a capable safety inspector, from é Ker ist \ rer ladle, s + at all guards and devices are in good taken to the charging floor t hearth } d that they are used wherever pos by a locomotive operators in safe ways of operating lriver irging sp to devise and suggest new safety methods. and e lad lted t presses for defective working parts, track directly in f t of t fur rhe yt yperation and support of the superinten- by a motor and 1 I re iru vhich reman of the press department must be takes up tw na ttachned t I lepartment where there are several necting with the tiltir ig petition properly stimulated for low acci- Short-pour stand t e g their men often works well. the ladle to rotate, maiz ning r ane yn a line wit he yu gy sp ile I . Discipline ; way, it pointed out, the pou , at ‘ ep a dispensable. Press operators who to the receiving run ring the wl pouring the safety direction of the safety in- eration thus nf t} met to a rt dror ) an should be disciplined either by lay the trough while the 7 irg yut and ladle ree As a matter of fact, one or two ex per discipline are usually sufficient. If, ; ning of their employment, press operators with the fact that safety is a fixed policy ha ha inne iT ne ther : the safe T ] ill be done in no other than the Nitrate Plant in Operati : be little need for discipline. In this { employing 200 press operators can IIN( . during two years of enforced safety $30,000,000 N ; es in press operation only one case of 5! " e-day lay-off ) was needed. init to iol Vy late ) i ards should be used for picturing the 186,000 steam-g yng ways of doing pressroom work. it not the least important thing which 1078 THE IRON AGE October Heavy Punching and Shearing Machine A New Type of Center Dr: An improved heavy pattern punching and shearing A new patented center drill of the ty; : chine which is made in two sizes with throats 36 has been received by The Engineer, London 150 in. deep has been brought out by the J. J. M Ltd., 46 Upper Thames Street, E. C. 4, | ibe Punch & Shear Co., 149 Broa lw: vy, New York. body portion carrying the countersinking . It lesigned for u n shipvards and st _ brides is made separate from the parallel drillin; ; ral. railroad and boiler shop Among the fea that the latter may be easily replaced, won which emphasis is laid e al nprove broken, by cutting off a suitable length head conetraation sel a ane tel of stock and grinding the point. The The constructiot eavv and the ; supplied either single or double ended, lad to increase the ability ’ machine to wit] the countersinking edges be damaged th stand the stress of continuous st ; Mn arrange made good again by reversing the center . carbon ste mand T provided for rill is held in the body portion by a sma the body head. which re | amon to a ’ nower du sunk flush into the metal o workine stroke and ninate , ind wear. Which the drill is accommodated is tapp: ts length to receive a small threaded rod S 1, ; machin i ie drill may be fed forward when wear rer eT ee a ed ‘ ai troke rhe oper adjustment necessary. This rod is lik \ new tyne c aol : tipped w +} i} itomat l I el Dr g Portions M drill, fixed in place by a grub screw. It w that by making the drill thus in two parts several ad- vantages are secured. Among these, not the least is the ease with which by removing the parallel drilling part the countersinking portion may be regr Receiver for Fulton Steel Corporati \\ am Ni tting! mm, a lawve I of Sy i l Edward Quirk, a banker of Fulton, N. Y Beaver, former president of the company The action which appointment wa lity, was | ight by the Primos Che resorted to in order to avoid a bankrupt rs have full power under the decree sets and to continue the business. T! on 1 DUI 1 she a: red louble « | \ organized in 1917 to make spec Par ony? y ri? ¢ t I rn-spe¢ d, alloy and carbon tool steels It SS . . 1 : ; ; iwi recently that through lack of capital ra | \ | l l i ympa \ could not eontinue the comp ‘ ‘ 14 NI ’ Y thas acai ar it Fulton, N. Y., and that unless re As Thi? e - Amalgamated Machin C poration Buys Stes pany wh would embarrass its opé Foundr ts appeared in the bill of complain I Vn tnat tl ets of the mpal t I \ ( vi VW 3 ( pa ‘ I were l ‘ es rT T es , - I ; Y rect ! cated at the mal rcha } Y ‘ | , y é N ( N ( 4 c mpany, Fu oO N. } lt} a | ‘ mces ar ( ed at tl same addre yy \ ‘ . \ \ 19 Broad New Y« ‘ - 8 ‘ i 4 4 ‘ i = ir y «i ‘ F Arca 2 na 4s + s+- . r orm es to make out 60 tor tinos « day. * Large British Metal Company For! rai ul S l ( LONDON. Oct. 2 (By Cable.) Britis! ser aStings in interests are forming a metal compan} GG eC r e { igo pliant tor thorized capital f £5.000.000 for after ; A ‘ NV I , ores al d metals, especially copper, 1918 THE IRON AGE L0v9 Boring Mill of the Floor Type Y rrang MI ( | vi ‘ \ ‘ - | . + | r Yr) S 7 \) ¢ | I %) Su S ‘ 1 It National War Labor Board Decisio) i ) rr i » 4 i a | ¢ I f ; nr ‘ y ‘ \ chinists’ Qualifications Defined—Em- ers Cannot Bar Their Men from Joining ive Bargaining Favored y ‘ Che poard oe 9 iled tnat ¢ ip neir first pay on the new Dasi not iv in Octobe 1918, and shall y in fo nstallments, the last insta No ] Men Not to Be Barred for Joining | The award of the board in the < plovees of ploy the Columbus Railroad ( ra., finds that the company violated tl e War Labor Board by dischargir nions and attempting to compel their 1 oO i tnese unions as a preliminary to rein oard orders the men 1! ! ein ited, put } ng qualificatior “To avoid a miscones ption of ma ae l¢ I sh to say that we are not here must recognize, deal | th the union. We are not unionizing yf the company in the sense of making it a closed shop. Under our principles the elng bound otherwise bv any any contract with the union, may refuse to receive and ymmittee but one of its own employees. B ar its employees from joining such uni ranizing such unions as they choose. If t ee fit to follow a lawful course towa advised or directed by a national or inten ‘luding in its membership many other wn number, it is their right and the compa prevent them from so doing and may not “We therefore recommend, as the only proper settlement of this controversy, that vho offered to return and tendered tl should be received back, with no limitat is to membership in unions or organizatio1 Collective Bargaining at Lynn and Roanoke The board, making a decision in fav ployees at the Lynn (Mass.) plant of the G +» ric Co., followed its decision in the Scl 1 t amplifying the decision by ordering the rei! of 12 of the employees who had been dismiss¢ the strike, on the ground that the dismissal w a discrimination against the union. The iined the discharge of two men who wer ifter the strike because of insubordinatior _ Of discipline. Three of the men reinstate * had to admonish, due to evidence of that in their return they should conduct th rreat caution and not regard themselves as fa eason of reinstatement. The board dire system of collective bargaining and sho} should be forthwith put into operatio1 ‘ommittees thus selected could not. agree, rh ould be taken up by an examiner reach al for its ultimate decision. The 1e adoptior of the Schenectady irs and wages, in so far as applicable to ity. The changes in pay are to be 1 In the controversy between the Virgi! Iron Co., Roanoke, Va., and its employs lirects that an attempt be first made to sett plaints through a committee representing t +} ‘ company, “in accord with the princi 1080 1918 THE IRON AGE 105! > ‘ . . Brass Shortage Gettir Se! iS 4 “ ~ rt in Connellsville Coke District PA J) : \Y l } if t veg \ , { ‘ { ‘ S All I $ ‘ 1 if ; t¢ t the very a iel administratio1 lich | f UUU TOI weeny iready above tne y vne! t assumed cha I tne reg pe i the spread of influer ” ‘ ; regional administration were bro n the mos I l ir Ss! tag : portation tie-up last Marc} In fact ; } past ve. rn ved 1500 . l I aly ¢ I t : p aggregate n 1200 I oO y ) easul a nea é TrY ‘ a | ist ; + it I WIT t ted <¢ , + ide +) + > ht ] y hin , ro S SOO . F wee r e fT tuat I nr ides re t tT conditions +7 materia noe ‘ N a ties ‘ eacned i! The week ending O 19 sl} we : in offi checked shortas The tota prodi ‘ ecard a 2‘ 07 ons of < Il} situat I for the ’ ited on the Baltimore & Ohio ‘ of railroad crew ! ire I ving a steady increass na a licate operators are planning tor genera me ) rade artery | : ; , ‘ i p int rormer!\ owned Lné o ; ‘ . Sons { at V lerbiit eer ¢ r Vanderbilt Ci & Coke Co I ght PR t f é rebuilt j y \ tip he y = an St é pl lent of tl ympar ae s ‘ ) y > . . iui yy} War ! Regulations on Second-Hand Articles NGTON, Oct. 29.—The War Trade Board, rast Phe mit announces that on and after Nov. 1, 1918, most f | or licenses to export second-hand I on or steel will be required to state on tne Machine Tool Convention I porn +} + +} . lity + } 4 + ] ; a 1e commodity oO ye exported 1 : a , ' 4] . ‘ _ 9 . ; te : ; I i Failure on the part of the applicar Rasilde , ‘ : “ x S + the H J , . ry ’ ; ief a + ; i il ‘ ‘ ’ 1 ‘ Tr 7 ' t ‘ ( 1 The Sel ( tt n R t , ‘ Afr é - é j distr t. and now , ny thousand \f n the su ect ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ lisgine for this valuable mineral. whict ent and the U1 Staal ( ] } r ¥ £4 sts in roe q intities M ich ‘ the +} nterest } } sent to Cantor 1 Waichow for ¢ trat The nitt free movement S NOW heinge nterfers ; , y f the the ] > ’ + + + . + est r cned fFic , restrict ne The é é ( f ‘ region are beginning to display an 11 f the count! whi } ] ; 1 + : I’, n Steel ( rat eral resources, and it 1s noped na } e€ ’ ° } ] ] | ] . ‘ y r ; ' we =< of other valuable deposits which ars pes r é ‘ Y th roo ’ 1] +11 ‘ + ‘ , S evi1o Vill res Physical Tests of Rolled Shell Stee! An Explanation of Frequent Results at Vari- ance with Chemical Analysis—Excessive Precipi- ation of Ferrite Corrected by Heat Treatment JAMES J. MAHON fre tation of the ferrite could probabl a iargel pr SlCail Vala extent, be eliminated by a double r ia onsisting of breaking down the ingot tion would Sse t iriation 1S not and then re-heating them before the nfined ti , , 1) t} led ingot, It would, however, be necessary at thi nd at times re than the riation we stage to cool the billets down to a p isua find between tl ner and outer portion of olor but black was visible before r¢ the ey ectio} the nrot it seem 0} to the re-heating furnace. nvestic t} the peculiar results can be at The best results would probably tribute the direct rolli f t teel after the re-heating furnace was of the prolo1 tir pl al and its highest temperature zone wa esult f tne pre I ! f ! e during losely as possible to the billets about e heating proce the object of the double rolling beings The rostructure show) the photomicr the ferrite during the re-heating oper: raphs here presented illustrates the weakness it avoid a susequent treatment of the eel produced lirect 1 ng or rging e} the final rolling operation had been « rolonged heating, and shows tl ibsequent It does not follow from this that tl treatment is necessarv to re: orb the ferrite t tioned are confined to material roll ts proper mbination with other elements which the ingot. Particular mention is mad hen properly bonded together represent good steel]. because it was such steel which was During the investigation tests and photomier gation. These remarks would also ap graphs were taken f1 great mat heats of subjected to a prolonged heating pré ste¢ nd it S ind that the precipitation of rolling or forging operation. The extent errite in some creater than in others. precipitation of the ferrite no doubt de; S Heats of ste ed on preliminary tests but size of the ingot and the duration of \ I re { of territe was not exces the soaking pits. e usua passed the 7 requirements after Fig. 1 shows the structure of the reine The re-heating * the material was too direct from the ingot, and Fig. 2 the structure rapid t ( sed heat-treating operation, heat treatment. The excessive preci} everthel t answered the purpose for such steel] ferrite is no doubt the result of prol was not badly affect Heats of steel that failed n the soaking pits. It also accounts were heat treated and normalized or air cooled a ness in the physical results. The low pet ne nen { ntents dictated it was found that vield to the tensile strength is to be ex} e ferrite v r rbed at a temperature of Strains under the breaking load will 1 150 Faht it the quality of the stee] was not /ow the lines of least resistance, the fert mpairet en the temperature s carried as hig] a strength of 16 tons compared with ps 1750 dee. Fahr. before cooling strength of 62 tons per sq. in. The weakness in the metal caused by the preci Steel in this condition might to some ‘compared to a metal made up of alternate various thicknesses of soft and hard mat After He tment at 1450 De LO&2 1918 THE IRON AGE Steel Castings for Ordnance Purpos How Various Foundries Are Successfully Meet- ing Army and Navy Specifications — Use of Double Annealing—Comparison of Requirements ROGRESS in the manufacture of steel castings for the Ordnance Department of and the Navy was an important topic discussed at the steel session of the American ] Convention at Milwaukee, Oct. 10. The advances made in this phase of steel foundr The subject was brought upon the convention by two paper y a metallurgist who has had a wide experience in steel foundry problems and wh of a book on steel foundry and one by a representative of the inspection department of t} nance Department Abstracts of revealed as quite striking these two papers are here given. Ordnance Steel for the Army and Navy BY JOHN HOWE HALL die tests which have 1 met on the Army and phosphorus at 0.05 per cent and sulpl ; Is a hown in the accompanying tables cent cannot be met in the tropenas Kor purposes of rapid mpariso! I have hown the makers because the specification of ST tions of the At N Americar ding the rapid cooling of castings Society lest M ’s Register for makes it impossible to meet the phys nilar steels rroups. It wv e seer ym. the en carbon below 0.35 per cent. This stee eo ns he rs ns of tl l sually made in either the open-heart} i S ) he earns fi : é f naa irnace ymmittes he Stes Societ The specifications of the Navy as vet possible re mal ises use 01 {1 such low phosphorus and especially ai » Ar nd Na tropenas foundries and in some eases The Sulphur and Phosphorus Specifications panera oundries will find it ee chemical specifications under existing cor The Army has consented to raise its limits on phos- the understanding of the writer, how: yhorus 1.06 per cent and on sulphur to 0.08 per cent Navy has waived the chemical specifi ‘or No. 1 and No. 2 steel and the same limits are al reasonable limits on certain classes of lowed for 3 , p. led the carbon 1S not over which they could be assured that the 0.35 per cent. If tl Dy | turned out a high grade of steel in other resp: that he was capable of meeting the phys tions of the steel in a satisfactory manner I Turning to al the physical specifications, re no great difficulty in meeting the test No. 1 steel and for Navy B steel with pr : Sa castings of about 0.25 per cent carbon a5 st 2 c e. to 0.80 per cent manganese. These tests s ry met by any good cast steel of this comp . i nealed in the usual way by heating several A Ni : about 1650 deg. Fahr. and cooling slowly it Lloyd’s Specifications 7k 40 The Lloyd’s Register specifications for s mmer! o specif gine castings are apparently intended to suit of about the composition just given, althoug) ing test which they specify on a %-in. thicl siderably more difficult to meet than that of the A . and Navy or the American Society for Testing M aay es ( j rials. The fact that Lloyd’s also calls for a — . ene oo as well as a minimum in tensile strength might pr : embarrassing in some cases, but the writer u S that Lloyd’s and the American Bureau of 35! ) DO whose specifications are closely parallel to Lloyd's, = is not standing rigidly on the maximum spe : * es ( Phosphorus. Sulsbe tensile strength, provided the steel has suffi Per Cent er Cent erCent ness as exhibited by the extension and bend eet The writer has not had experience with 1 PM ¢ \ made under Lloyd’s Register, so that he is yet to form any judgment as to the seve! 2 tee t pi drop tests and hammer tests specified Sree eae ao) Soe bureau. The hammer test, which consists No teel, if elow | per cent the castings in the air and hammering t! with a 7-lb. sledge does not sound very as it must be a very poor casting indeed per cent and sulphur develop any cracks or flaws under this test, phosphorus must be below 0.05 0.07 per cent. This makes it possible to turn out Army if the annealing has been properly carried No. 1 and No. 2 steel from either acid open-hearth, drop test, which calls for dropping either acid electric, basic open-hearth or in manv cases from the casting or the whole casting on the t . : ia the tropenas converter without undue difficulty with would seem at first sight to present no ¢ fuel and raw material. The Army No. 3 steel with the foundryman except the -inconvenience 0! out the test and the possibility of bending th *\Mot ire + T VW , y é tee) ‘ His . : out of shape. 1084 1918 medium No. 2 and Navy D, should be met with cent and from - ’ hI ' ) r > troubie Will be met 1] specifications for steeis, 0.50 per carbon 0.60 to anganese, but more calls for very limit than th it the same time calls for iction and bend as that e majority of cases the writer would se of the Navy steel as it re strength and elastic the same specified —¢ ) ise of a double anneali for Army No. 2 ng, such as w and especially fo steels, Army No. 3 and Navy A, ar I f manganese, and steel of this co \ innealed should meet the specinca rity I ses For this class of tee itment 1s even more to be recommenda jlum steels fications for spe il steeis are ar steel One ed to be filled with nickel ng steel from the acid open-hearth fur Navy F specifications. It is using stee per cent carbon and per cent nick louble treatment ymewhat similar t irther on, with the exception that the s at a considerably gher temperatur j tne wW ter Steel to Meet Navy F Specifications ne he writer feels he should say that {1 upon to make steel for Navy F specifica ise a special composition of steel w proportion to the Cal to heat-treat thes« } ng in water or oil and reheating. This f heat treatment is prohibited in the specifi th has had long experience in inganese in » be allowed as the writer it he believes that it would be possible t authorities to allow him to use it, and ld be able to meet the specifications on all 1 quenching is possible. On ymplicated to permit of oil ] ss to castings r too ¢ quenching somewhat at a know he would be eet these specifications with certainty Principal Important Factors ¢ fficul importance of ilt to over emphasize the pal factors, the neglect of which will cause yman trouble in meeting these specifications that the steel must be properly made and leoxidized, so that it et sound in the castings and test made carefully, and usually the the must be more care, will be quiet in the bars. The tonnage s reduced on account of slower and ° 1 1] furnace practice tnat followed 1 is that as much care, or even en in molding and pouring test ne castings. It seems a strange freak of ire, yet foundries which are tion work will in a great many cases be reless with the designing, molding and e test pieces, in spite of the fact that the + easy to meet, and are to be met not or the test bars. A h heats lost because good test bars could ip from the test coupons provided usually foundryman to the necessity of taking vith his test bars and coupons. he littl mseives Dut on e Annealing and Heat Treatment carefully Whatever followed, it the castings to se veryv point which has heat treatment. practice is sure that innealing or heat treatment . : ssential to make » the proper degree of temperature for time. To do this it is not sufficient a pyrometer in the furnace to read the because the temperature of matter the castings in lesired, pyrometer may not the entire furnace, the furnace may tne reached the required temperature at the THE IRON AGE LORS i e time } ‘ ‘ slike to t Army N il anne S T ~s + era 1T t r igt i é S v 3 } i ] , » Proper Annea Practice ) v} a le ste r 9 t } ‘ It y y — i é é - ‘ y ‘¥ — | Double Annealing | vr y l ! rea 3 ! ly I b em t l eT f 1 kahr he ¢ . 1 manganes¢ i 1 ww temperature ra nsiderable ler f I irs es é ? , i na ines ‘ f i ¥ ther } is i mew t ¢ ¢ i ng and hold J 4 shorter period. | it f ne est re lits, the na ea gy sn t t ed that te sa I na £ 5 I ‘ res lia | secured r slowly in the furnace In the maior ‘ ‘ a Ss - ; . » ‘ ne nd neating it I ery ont str ns ir é , ed 00 o trom nis t er? r fT ougn to \ Excessive Number of Tests + £ re y vs : ‘ , ea imber of tests tna f ‘ ‘ é f te The Ar! te I i p T cast tta é is , er ) h heat , tir rhine he N vlis for ne te / y » tan ) > itt ‘ t ‘ iSting ‘ for two nsileé nd gz I UT r . i n ne it ~ ff, In s e cases é y thres ,atinegs« - ind have insisted t a¢ irate UT n t t nm tine should be taken Ir liffer I For compar . ] ist e er 4 + ‘ ; + 4, ’ , ~ + 4 ; TY ‘ 4 ‘ > ‘ 1086 THE IRON AGE Octob Mati ( ea t if more than one melt of steel ¢g f I I ner ra e four tensile and four bending tes , epres ng rnace This is hardly the place to deal w I S¢ r « 4 "\ n the foundries encounter in kee ae y ‘ 4 rs have to be Kept torvethne DV | i f ‘ 1 is all finally spected. This perha 7 nea } ~ T¢ ‘ ne gs i ‘ ina Meeting Specifications for Army Ordnance Castii A Al r R. SWAN SON* . r +} { pn Spl ] () () rd t nnealed by heating to 1650 kit three » four hours at that t - r i A and the ilrawing fr 2 r ( noe slow! Firry t a . ix wiy ‘ Ah LAGS : Analysis of Electric Furnace Cas : . sie R ts | saber ent h N ind No praade I I ne grad¢ imely the No 4 | ners rag ilvs ~ to 0 j per er [ manganese, Ooo + 1 phospohrus, 0.04 pe ent. They : ' eating to 1650 deg. Fahr aking =a : and cooling the sting f ) C y Y ¥ t ‘ vv ¢ i : ’ h el 1 one rth which has had 10 ; 1 ( rhnor ().47 ¢ 0.4% 1 ( Ut ) We é licor () Iwo Methods Established ent: ilp 0.04 per cer ind phosph« | to a vy three | ( f ' ga 650 deg. Fahr., ar es sila ae nace | ( revo T r r t T t t T () — nd ~ I ep ‘ ‘ ‘ ¢ \ verv ¢ Cay very \ rav of ;, 4 ; The c1 c re t f Tt T f ile 1 | ! to pern nece , : ; ¢ \ : Specifications Can Be Met y Y ages a) t t ( . fF , { t No 1 Ng tu ry ‘ i 2 ‘ R leg { requ i I ratur and ig at which ter ra aly It pract @ ‘ rs Le ? rters for the N T i (art ».95 9 r cer 5 n ( ned Y ¢ r ) ne ent 1 ] [ s enen Lf t 3 annealed [ heat ( ( t treatmet ir 00 I king four t x hours at ned furnace pre t her + + ? ) oT y ! ( , } th sufficient her ir , } eo; : r 4 T T y ‘ y ‘ y . { N prope nel per ast y ire annealed at ents ' i te annealing r heat ti iraw Ay tration of wl ] ea he electr fur t } i » not ea I t ? No. 3 grad : en snalysi x [he practice was to w vs: Carbor to { nt; manganese, yured which left a heavy skull in t 9 .45 per nt; sul rs were annealed (?) by throwing t nd leaving them until the skull was ‘ 3 Arr edy Building Without Steel Wi mn and Steel Institute Mem ave IRON AGE A New Magnet-Operated Hoist B Several impr L ; Ha er Mfg M bra € \ 4 i this rake W t r pre ele t ~ , - tegra ir Ad”ace y * lhe brakes are Dulit ranging from 8 to J0 uw 800 hp. in capacity ‘ re ar ar 5 ‘ ‘ r near ive Steel Production Must Be Kept at Top Notch Peace Talk and Influenza Adverse Influences Affecting the Output — What Should Be Done to Counteract the Declining Tendency WASHINGTON, Oct. 29.—Peace talk and influenza have been making their effect more noticeable on steel production. So far has this gone, in the reports re- ceived by the Steel Division of the War Industries Board, that Chairman Baruch has found it necessary to issue a public appeal against the peril of too much peace conversation at home. No figures are avail able, of course, of the exact extent of the influence either of the epidemic or of But the results have manifested themselves in various ways and the War Industries take no chances in permitting either to interfere program, pacific overtures. Board S re olved to seriously with our war Peace Talk Checking Flow of Labor to War Work Fortunately, the a epidemi the wane and its effects from notable. But despite Chairman influence of to be the basic influenz appears to be on ought to be Baruch’s appeal the far production of now on less peace talk growing. So itself less than in the had, It has hampered the conversion of peace has held labor that was being recruited from non for war work. If ir as some opti- mistic prophets insist it would be easy to see why men would hesitate to make a change to war work at a time that they might have to begin to think about changing back. The fact that the Government has taken no apparent interest in this question of peace reconstruc tion makes many even more hesitant about the change. “America is just approaching her peak in quantity production and delivery for her armies,” declared Chairman Baruch in his appeal. “She every effort to reach the crest. This is no time to let thoughts of peace interfere with work for war. To do so would seems t is making felt in ghly specialized in- particular effect. industries into tide of war industries iron and steel more hi dustries. It has however, one war industries and back the growing peace were as ne: needs be to damagingly affect her industrial morale with immediate reaction on her military strength. The matter of peace may be left to the President. The matter of war is the duty of all. Peace talk is affect ing our output and making difficult diversion of labor from non-war to war industries. As long as we are at war we must think war, talk war and make war Need of High Speed War Production Emphasized But Mr. Baruch did not stop with a mere appeal. He has emphasized the need of high speed war produc- tion to every division of the War Industries Board. Measures to prevent interference with activities are being pushed just as though there were no prospect of a cessation of hostilities. The orders from France for augmenting our war program are still increasing. The new appropriation bill passed by the House, with its extra billions for ordnance and other war items, is emphasizing the necessity of greater production. Even if peace were to come, it would bring with it not the slightest excuse for a change in these policies. It might alter the final use of much of the steel that now is being shot away, but the need for a stimulation of production and a curtailment of avoidable consumption will be just as great as during the war. The influenza epidemic, according to the reports re- ceived by the War Industries Board, made itself felt in every line of production from ore and coal mines to finished products. To this must be added the continuing influence of a shortage of labor, which also applies to all lines. The delay in the President’s announcement concerning new labor and wage policies has not helped the situation. For three weeks there has been pending a report recommending increased wages to the anthra- cite miners. At the same time the Macy commission reported favorably a higher wage scale for shipyards. With these increases it was announced increases would go for other industries, effort to stabilize wage questions. But all been delayed because the President’s tin monopolized by the peace conversations w tonic and our Allied governments. The lab ments may come out any day—and they 1 to be delayed—no knows except tl himself, one One Important Labor Matter Possibly s In the meantime, however, Fuel Admin field has ended one question, at least temp has announced to the bituminous mine wor! prospect of an increase in the anthracite warrant an increase in the bituminous time ago the bituminous miners sent a d Washington demanding an increase in despite the fact that they had promis: Wilson that they would make no such den end of the war. At that time there was bituminous strike in case of a refu demands. Dr. Garfield took these unde: and his decision was transmitted in a telegran J. Hayes, president of the United Mine Worker America. In it the Fuel Administrator d: lt he had considered carefully the whole questior bituminous wages in comparison with thos industries and was convinced “that the wages in the bituminous fields is not called for of the plan of stabilization and therefore that crease ought to be made at the present tim This announcement, it was subsequently pointed does not in any way close the door toward any inforn tion which may be submitted at any time. It wa based on a careful consideration of the whole of bituminous wages, in comparison with those industries. As regards the anthracite workers, available information indicated a manifest ineq of wages, as compared with those in other trad facts at the disposal of the Government as ! bituminous wages have not indicated an unstal tion in comparison with other industries. of a Trying to Speed Up Coke Production In an effort to speed up coke production for t! industry, W. S. Blauvelt, director of the Bur Coke, United States Fuel Administration, has pointed a member of the production committee v under James B. Neale, Director of Producti Blauvelt’s special duties will be in the line of in and maintaining the production of coke. Spe phasis has been laid on the necessity for a steady coke output by the production committe production has been running about 30,000 to below the minimum required for the Government! gram, and both operators and coke workers have bee! asked to co-operate toward overcoming the deficit. Ad ditional labor in the coke yards and 100 pe! efficiency on the part of coke workers and exe are relied upon to make up the shortage. w. I re ns Electric Furnaces in Italy According to statistics published in La M: Italiana, the following number and types of were at work at the end of 1917 in Italy: A" 22, Ansaldo 1, Bassanesi and Stassano-Bassa! Catani 2, Girod 4, Héroult 14, Keller 10, Kj Iloa 3, Sopranzi 1, Stassano 26, Tofani 5, of ty} named 58, or 187 furnaces in all. Some of th of 8 to 15 tons capacity, many of 3 to 5 tons, majority are of between 1 and 2 tons. 1088 ority Rules Comprehensively Revised War Industries Board Ain to A < l ~ ( nswel in One Document the Mvriad Questions ml ‘ ‘ r ) nr ] . Disses 4 1) That Have Been Raised on Priority Ru ira e Pr ’ es ‘ Boa nas Ss Sur N i g rning prior | rs TJOOO ry? S é le | the ( rig ai ( \ t ‘ ‘ Che ip} ent alin wt e¢ ra It 1d mer 2 he ) r + é Y x { : { } i a ‘ \ omatic R f W 1) ' \ ‘ ‘ ice? } ild y ; ig nent [ nited States SHippn Roard kimer er with th, t leet Corporation, B ( ind tr Hiou ered by priority tinea ing and Transportati ind U1 d Stat \ 7 ( : RB | : . p Housin { or or tion Ores Pp { y \y i Ty 1 . “ B f ( ’ ? é B-4 ¢ rect ’ \utomatic Rat or Completio of Direct Orders from rder ' : War Department, Navy Department, Emergency ter — ‘ = ‘ . Fleet Corporation. Bureau of Industrial Hou ing and Transportation, and United States Housing Corporation ‘ , TO’ Dp a %, > ) .R INDUSTRIES BOARD Ea IORITIES DIVISI No. 2, issued Oct. 15, 1918, to Circular ~ july 1, 1918. ! f . ° +} tk . rules and regulations governing priori e W tion ; I} S g 9g | » r : I N » Circular 4 : ‘ ‘ i , P Class C Defined , ‘ ) es ref ta r a of sections 7. 7-A. R lers and wor ; y ‘ y é tT on ‘ ring « Preference List N iblished by the Priorities Divisio 1918, and all amendments Automat LO90 Rating tor Qjrd lelephone, and | \utomatic Ratings eTs iaced | ) \ THE IRON AGE Telegraph Facilities for Defined | , « ei lransportation, \ urpos¢ . oe ? ‘ Z la x ( et 918 tomatic THE Rating for Certain Repairs rn ¢ r tor + + I pu es rye tad wit ; nt 1 W ne equ pment snould rye ment onstructed, eac! Ik rrul rer rd ae ‘ 40)\ . AGE M r tt wd OT native Proced UUTUVULLTUAET aT | | TUTTE : rABLISHED 15 : aol Lv 4 1. FIN WILLIAM W. MACON GEORGE SMART Published Every Thursda IRON AGE PUBLISHING CO., 239 West 39th Street. Ni V.H Vice-J G HH oO p t ( 1 ( 2 ar Cir j . ‘ e | ary | Frar M 4 I > scr I € and M = | I i O} I ( ‘ . —— | } 4 ‘ 4 = | ) +) Ak SANNA ETAL itt The Delay in “Iron Age” Delivery nly to the aggregate income of the ery few years. Under stress of war, Che 1 ete , Uy} : ¥ those who have joined the colors has AT = Cd Tor ’ ; great deal of material, representi with pt : been used in prosecuting war. Thus t] tement ¢ doe : ' been drawing from its surplus. Our nar , ambitions have been quickened rather 1 the war atmosphere. We are not fm soeaih 4 : , mtent with less material wealth, a1 3 Fee S ’ vere unde! ‘cumulated a debt in the abstra ont! he | ‘rinters’ Associat vho owes it or to whom it is owed, th N York t ertall ficiency in the material things the nat I Mar 19, qu [In all plans of reconstruction, ther: tice up e1r ! SU t idea should be that of encouraging tl ence ein W¥ ‘work. The fact should be emphasize r Ul \ ne ‘ the plain term. All will go wrong, ent tnat in, if the spirit of reconstruction is 1 rike led aval “providing employment,” for that maj Dt e ( to the simple operation of finding places ~~ f ] » had been granted a few monti g The strike on payrolls. Th governing spirit sh gts , Ane atl of providing an income for a ma! N v r Board w Calle ng useful work which the man w ‘ Aly } ! No wise plan of reconstruction return t ey decline ated without full study and knowleds M V 8, W H. Tat an element, of the individual psycl : an the Nation lutely essential to appraise accurat oard, « Ni York, directed thé position men—and women—will displa nes ;, nd rted an inquiry a loing or not doing certain things, so : —— After the hearing tion may be applied rightly and only ceded 101 ev ul ers aecider eeded. For example, what will be th: — nd the w M Ss thereupol various workers as to the amount ted | r F ne empioyers al el week they will be disposed to do? Ther he pr Ww in operation as usual. men who from patriotic motives have e1 nder their utmost service. They will ‘let down,” for though it may still be 1 a patriotic duty to work, the incent is great. There are other workme! For the reconstruction period after the war the realized how easy it is to get a job, h nited State ild seek two things as of prime discipline frequently is, and who hav: nportance thers reatest possible than their normal per week. Such workt rk first done shall disposed to work harder. be the most useful work. There is a great debt t Again, there will be a change in the pay. In the concrete, there is a debt of the United many people as to making expenditure States Government to those who have bought its many have foregone luxuries in order t bonds, and the funds to pay the debt must be ol erty bonds. Some will retain the tained by taxatior For taxation to be successful formed, others will be disposed to relax t! there must be work and economy. mies, to become more liberal spenders The debt may be considered, however, purely in Which will be the dominant trend? T! iat I the abstract Year by year the nation has been’ the matter of choice of occupation. Thi doing a certain amount of work, living by it and given new viewpoints, particularly to t | ~ J accumulating something, but n + accumulating a With changed viewpoints, the relative great deal, for the country’s total wealth is equal ness of different occupations will change, 1092 , GE A 4 ON > . » Ik THI f S ey he ee - S J + > > £ = + a - of / Z : Ss = f+ my no t 4 - 27 fe > —— -o- od . + — 2 b - » - - ~ _ + / - - ~ . \ - ‘ — - 4 —_ - $2 oon . -—~ @ me + - — 7 ao I ’ + + ‘ . — Me ‘. + + J a 2 5 Se cc - jor J 1094 plar #< + nro ed wit} ye value t the works wl nd ? Ting ‘ é t Ting \ nis rey? ‘ ) Tine t Dig } K ¢ 1 I T THE IRON AGE is eral authorities in connection Itl yn tion and the adjustment ol labor t { In Great Britain the whole ten ts to put the p: in OI male lapor, r Wwe It [seen piece Ww ( ? ‘se ) IRON AGE he United State | : ~~ AY ,AT TRO ae } — ae CONTENTS | IRON A resent A hic tne | nite ss count? ~ er { \\ yy ~ T re 1" ¢ } str Wash rye pel ( { , ) y¢ \ ,.LING MILLS AT DULUTH Industrial Readjustment After W Conditions of Government Contracts in Ship- building and Munitions—F actors That Will Work Against a Su den Change in Industry I ‘ rn tf a pront on ul ! t \ Son ymnty read tl! I ne ( I Powe } ‘ } y a = 1 cen 4 : o \ e} othey ra s the stateme > . ( t nas no indertaken to tr xpe d profit y h the . Machine Tool Business . P , I incertainty prevalls a to 4 i ; too rdered by companies ha _ = I sO tor ordered t Ir Pe i nai el } n 4 A A ‘ c pil T T , ro! I Instances e } I A H ae Saka el ah sed t ry out Governme! sta