The Iron Age 1918-09-26: Vol 102 Iss 13

Oy, iy % UY % 7 iy} 4 A bY _ Ma Vy) Y iD ’ New York, September 26, 1918 ; 1H ald ESTABLISHED 1855 wim Bes fi i »: Rehabilitating Cripples at Ford Plant Full Efficiency Attained by 85 Per Cent 4 —4032 Jobs for Disabled Listed—Light Handwork in Hospital Speeds Recovery . BY J. E. MEAD, M.D." } of men partially incapacitated by wounds and_ tion of affairs in the past. It took a shock caused diseases incident to the world war is receiving by the awfulness of a modern war to give the sub universal attention and the general interest is mani- ject its due consideration. Humanity, philan 4° fested by the number of discussions and articles throphy and good will seem lately to have been devoted to this matter appearing in the public press. aroused and undoubtedly have been important fac But why have the thousands and tens of thousands tors in bringing this subject to a more prominent of cripples resulting from civil and industrial acci- place in the thoughts and considerations of men. dents received so.scant attention in the past and Self-interest has also had its share in this awaken Tot me the subject of the employment and care’ thoughtlessness have all contributed to this condi to fate to provide a means of existence or _ ing. thrown on the State to assume the burden of their Inhabitants of the different belligerent countries care? Selfishness, greed, short-sightedness and have been learning for the past four years of the gc ras bers (sometimes exaggerate fever) ge eChiet curmesik: Seal Maden Ge: Dewalt tae vast numbers (sometimes exaggerated, however) of oe 1 . Py ta ed or yy. vey of the Ford Plant Showed 715 Operations That Can Be Efficiently Performed by One-Armed Men; Such as These 3] ““ Uperating Shaving Machines; 2637 by One-Legged Men Like the Worker Running a Shaper in Toolroom: 10 by the ef Totally Blind Such as These Assemblers of Magneto Parts 739 740 THE IRON AGE Septemb: returned soldiers crippled for life. The problem of caring for them has entered the minds of many, and deliberately or sub-consciously, the egotistic question has arisen: Will I not feel the burden of their care directly or indirectly? The answer to this question is that you will; and at once human nature asserts itself by trying to avoid a disagree able duty and seeks some method of delegating the work to others. The most natural question, there- fore, presents itself: Why cannot these cripples be taught to support themselves? They can, and in isolated instances, have been. Whatever the cause of the present outbreak of zeal in this subject, the work is bound to broaden to such dimensions that in the future it will be a rare thing indeed to see a blind man or cripple begging for alms on the street corner, a nuisance to himself and others and an economic loss to society. oe Ford Motor Co., if not the pioneer in this work, is, I think, the first corporation to undertake on a oma scale the work of securing effici iency from defectives by the proper adjustment of the man to his work. In this instance the inception of the idea came through the motto “Help the Other Fellow,” originated by Mr. Ford. On Jan. 12, 1914, Henry Ford set the minimum wage for employees of the Ford Motor Co. at $5 per day, a day’s work to consist of eight hours, and issued instructions to the employment office that no one applying for work in the future would be rejected on account of his physical condition excepting those suffering with contagious diseases, endanger- ing the health of fellow employees As no one has been discharged from this organization since June 12, 1914, on account of his physi cal condition, this fac- tory is to-day being suc- cessfully operated by a force of men, at least _18 per cent of which are cripples or men physi cally sub-standard. The question may be asked as to whether or not this plan would be praetical in other manu- = - facturing plants differing in nature In the majority of enterprises, it wo trend of modern manufacture is to and standardization, and this limits to ¢ the necessity of workmen acquiring efficiency in more than one operation. B signment of work, a great number of those physically defective can be as used as the physically perfect. The organization the greater percentage « disabled employees can be efficiently used On Nov. 1, 1917, there were in this fa employees who were known to be either cripplo or suffering with some form of sickness or diseac: By exercising care and reason in the assign of work to these men, normal efficiency is obtaineg in the majority of cases. The work given them has not been created for them but is that ine to the ordinary course of manufacture. conditions would be found in almost all + turing plants in this and other countries. Its uld be understood that this work is not solely 2 4 charitable nature but one of good business aly These men, almost without exception, earn ever; dollar expected of them. Recently a very careful canvass of the entire plant was made to learn the number of cripples, men who have lost an arm, hand, both eyes, who were employed at the present time and also to ascertain the approximate number of jobs or operations that could be done by such me yer th rv HUaS ase Nent lent The same Skilled Judgment and Sufficient Ph Ability to Handle Machinery Contro Found to Make a Cripple the Equa! Workman Physically Normal. Lowe! One-legged operators on drill presses ! and nut department. Upper view: One-le: man operating Bliss power punch Pp! oving 100 Per Cent Efficient Dur- cence in Plant Infirmary Con- nd a greatly reduced recovery nefits of this psychology. While man shown in the oval is occu- i in inspecting nuts [his data was requested by the office of the Sur- reon-General, United States Army, for use in solv- ng the problem of reconstruction and re-education f crippled American soldiers returning from war. The number of cripples working is accurate, imber of jobs suitable to cripples is prob- h under-estimated as the information was reeived from foremen from whom production is expected and who might look with some suspicion i a question as to how many cripples they could their department. (he results of this canvass showed that there work in the plant three men without legs, one leg or foot missing, 22 with but one arm and two totally blind. Of these all red with their present deformities excepting ne-armed men and one man with but one foot. ese three were injured during their present em- Vment The number of jobs that could be efficiently done egless men was given as 670; by one-legged 9co 2637; by armless men, none; by one-armed n, 715; by totally blind men, 10, making a total 2. Special attachments or changes in the nes would be necessary in few instances. e time required for a new hand to become ‘nt in doing these various operations was ted as shown in the following table. The entioned therein are skilled trades, such as <ing and die-sinking: Percentage of Time Required to s Total Jobs Acquire Dexterity 43 Cone 161 26 ne » Une 14 One 43 1 One day or less day to one week to two weeks month to one year to six years. the total number of cripples and other men ‘vy under par working here, 85 per cent are by their foremen as fully efficient and 15 nt were found to be unable to keep up with THE IRON AGE their able bodied fellow workmen in the matter of production. In this latter class, however, the de ficiency in almost all cases was but slight. It has been estimated that 20,000 crippled American soldiers will return from the war during the first year after the United States forces get on the fighting line. During the second year, 40,000, and during the third year, 60,000, making a total of 120,000 disabled men to be absorbed by the general industries of the country in the next three years. There are approximately 38,000,000 wage earners in our country at the present time If the percentage of cripples that can be efficiently employed by industries in general is the same as that estimated by the Ford Motor Co., which is 18 per cent, and there is no good reason why there should be much variation, the number of cripples that could be cared for would reach into the millions The fact is that there will be a place for practically) all cripples excepting those totally disabled The difficult problem will be how to get the men and the appropriate job together. It must be clearly understood that because there are over 4000 positions at the plant of the Ford Motor Co. suitable to the crippled and maimed and a proportionate number in other plants, these job are not all available at one time. Most of them ar being filled by workmen who should not be throwr out of employment even to find places for crippled soldiers. The most equitable and probably the most effi cient method by which the handicapped men would have a chance with his more fortunate fellows would be the elimination of discrimination in hiring men. Any disadvantage in this practice, at least to the large employer, would be almost wholly over- come by proper adjustment after hiring. It might then be necessary in some cases to change older employes to different work in order to properly place some cripple newly hired, hut this procedure would work a great deal less hardship on all con- 742 cerned than to refuse a cripple work or discharge someone already working to make room for an- other. The ease with which this work will be carried out will depend almost entirely on the demand for labor. If the present scarcity of labor continues for the next few years and the nation’s employers will but see the facts regarding the efficiency of crippled workmen and will act without discrimination and with a willingness to give the unfortunate a chance, the problem of caring for our country’s crippled heroes and those of industries also will be nearer a solution than ever before. This discussion has to do principally with men whose ambitions are to support themselves and de- pendents in comparative comfort. For those who as- pire to the higher trades and more lucrative posi- tions, re-construction and re-education should be the roads to higher attainment. To date the Ford Motor Co. has furnished to military forces of the United States 2585 men. Of these, 383 have been rejected for one cause or an- other, mostly on account of physical conditions and all of these, with the addition of a Canadian soldier, who had lost an arm, have been placed hack to work here. It is the intention of this company tu care fer their own on their return from war and to show no discrimination toward cripples or the physically :le- fective when the services of additional men are re- quired. In connection with the subject of occupational therapy, a brief mention of a plan instituted in this factory on Jan. 15, 1918, may be of interest. The great majority of Ford company employees compelled to lose time on account of accidents con- sist of those receiving injuries to the feet or legs, such as fractures, severe contusions, etc., necessi- tating their confinement to bed. As a rule, these cases after the first few days are free from pain and in normal physical condition except for the in- It seemed a great economic ability to walk about. THE IRON AGE Septem) 26, 1918 loss, both to the employee and the com men lying in bed at home or in the h; iat aaa times for two months or more, when vork e ul be furnished them that could be done » };j\c in bed the saving to all concerned would be ec: lerable ’ At the time this experiment was stirted we }, three men in our factory hospital with | rokey be one had both bones in both legs bro and the others had fractures of the tibia. Those injyric were of about two weeks duration, pain had practically subsided and they were all aie ; 0 sit in bed with head rests. Black oil cloth covers a provided to keep the bed clothes clean and the men were set to work screwing nuts on little 1, jp, y9 in. bolts. This job is one that has to be done by ha ing and keeps 15 or 20 men busy in the magneto de epart. ment, showing that it was work that had to be q he by someone and not a useless occupation create purposely for these men. From the first the patients took to it with », thusiasm and showed their appreciation of the » portunity of doing something by increasing prody. tion on this particular work 20 per cent. The mate. rial is brought to the hospital morning and noon ang is handed to the men by the ward orderly as occasion demands. The men are much more contented, sleep better at night, eat better and I think recover mon rapidly. They get their regular wages, the company gets the products of their services and is not o! bled to pay compensation or gratuities, which gener: amount to at least $20 per week in each case, Our ward and bed accommodations at the preset time are limited so that not more than four or fre working patients can be cared for at one time. |tis intended to extend the facilities for this work so tha practically all such cases on hand can be cared for in this way. Of the 32,000 men employees an aver age of 22 are constantly absent on account of in juries. Of these, about 75 per cent belong to th class that could be efficiently used on work that car be done in bed. ally Tuberculous Workers Are The Sharpsville Boiler Works Co., Sharpsville, Pa., builders of steel works, is erecting an all-steel addition 75 x 110 ft. to its main building, and has also let a contract for a new steel storeroom building and power house. Ground has been broken and foundations are being built for these new buildings. Contracts for the buildings and all the new machinery to be installed have been placed, the Independent Bridge Co., Pitts- burgh, having the contract for the steel buildings. The equipment the company will install includes an 80- ton Hanna: riveter, complete with structural steel tower and electric crane, a 200-ton sectional flanging press, pump and accumulator, compressor, and other equip- ment. Recently the company built a two-story office building, and when the above noted improvements and additions have been made the company will be able to take care of plate work of practically every description. Segregated in Sheds Freely Ventilated and Are Employed on Light Handwork The McKinney Steel Co., Cleveland, has Po orders for hoisting equipment for the Ironton mm Bessemer, Mich., which, when installed, will be the largest electrically operated hoist in the iron ore mn ing region. The installation will include two vertical hoists, one a geared hoist operated by a 400 hp. moto! for carrying men to and from the mine, having § speed of 900 ft. a minute, and the other hoist, ne geared and driven by a 1650 hp. motor, for raising ore from the mine. This will have a speed of 2500 ft per min. and a daily capacity of 3500 tons at + 3000 f s : w S i An incline shaft with steam driven hoists is now = but the vertical shaft is now down 1500 ft. for odor go aownh ment work and the hoist will be designed to oe 4500 ft. Orders for the motors and motor genera’ set have been placed with the General Blectrie ‘Co. The Nordberg Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, will furnish the hos Sept Slov 26, 1918 WOMEN TO REPLACE MEN ress Being Made in “Dilution”—Lines Which Training Is in Progress :GTON, Sept. 24.—Although the Department Labor is still reluctant to make definite progress in , the woman labor problem, the Training and service of the department has announced the »plet of new plans for the organized training of [he woman labor question is also entrusted to thi rvice, because the substitution of women for a. in the industries comes under the head of “dilu- ” The ans for training workers now in the factories ise their competency is an important feature » the present industrial situation. In making the plans a bulletin of the Department of Labor declares ‘hat consideration has been given existing facilities for workmen and a study has also been made of y and demand for skilled workers. The lays stress on the fear that wage earners are not sufficiently protected against exploitation through mnecessary dilution of labor. This appears to ac- unt for its hesitancy in making more radical recom- mendations for the substitution of women for men in to incr‘ many industries. The department also emphasizes the necessity of “guarding established trade customs and standards against needless relaxation.” Where this has happened it declares provision must be made to restore “just standards.” Methods of the “Dilution” Service “This service will assist all departments of the Gov- ernment,” announces the department’s bulletin. “In addition, it will help many industries to secure more and better trained workers, when such help will benefit war production. It will also suggest improvements in training methods relating to processes, occupations and trades; will propose to factories improvements in or- ganization that will increase output through better working conditions; will draft plans so that manu- facturers may train workers; and will organize and conduct such courses of instruction. This work will be done either directly or in cooperation with the Fed- eral Board of Vocational Education, and with State and municipal school authorities. “To render more effective the work of the Train- ing and Dilution Service, a close connection is being perfected between it and the production departments of the Government—Ordnance, Quartermaster’s Air Service, Navy Department and others—so as to secure prompt action when war contractors are in special difficulties which may be relieved through the training of workers. ‘District superintendents of training’ are being appointed. _ “Whenever a contractor applies for help in ques- tions of labor, this superintendent will be instructed to Visit the plant. After a consideration of the conditions at that plant, and if conditions are favorable, the superintendent will organize for the employer a spe- cial training department, select competent trainers from tis regular force of instructors, or suggest competent nstructors from lists which the Training and Dilution Service is compiling. Training Employment Managers ‘Educational facilities for the instruction of em- ployment managers have been maintained during the past few months at several universities, the first having been offered by the University of Rochester. The United States Employment Service of the Department f Labor has assisted in financing these courses in employment management; and the Director of Train- ng and Dilution has acted with the committee in gen- ‘ral charge of the instruction. These courses are ‘eemed so important that both the Training and Dilu- ‘ion Service and the Employment Service hope to ncrease the number of courses now offered. “In the Dilution Service a section on “Needs and ‘noly’ will study sources of new labor and its appli- “3 ‘ity to industries, cooperating especially in this « with the Woman in Industry Service and other S THE IRON AGE 743 policy bureaus of the Labor Department, so as to maintain the unity of the Government’s labor policy. “Advice from the Working Conditions Service of the Department of Labor will be sought regarding indus- trial standards. At the same time the facilities of the Employment Service and of its Women’s Division will be utilized in obtaining information as to the needs and the supply of labor. In return, the Training and Dilution Service will be able to assist the Employment Service in meeting the demand for skilled workers, which make up about 70 per cent of the labor calls. “A section on ‘Industrial Hygiene,’ of the Training and Dilution Service, will be established to inquire into the conditions and suitability of particular factories for dilution. “Among the more difficult problems now confront- ing the Training and Dilution Service is the ‘follow- ing-up’ of workers who have received training in order to assure proper surroundings for health, morals and efficient utilization of their ability. Another problem is that of the wastage of man power. The Training and Dilution Service will study such problems as these with a view to pointing out methods that will minimize waste in industry due to over-manning.” Women Workers in Factories The employment of women in factories was dis- cussed in a paper presented by Miss O. E. Monkhouse, at a meeting of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, held some months ago at Westminster, London. “With regard to the emplovment of women on heavy engineer- ing work,” she said, “there is a great deal of mis- apprehension. It is not generally understood that women can safely handle, in the course of machining and fitting operations, pieces weighing up to 60 Ib., and can also manipulate, almost as well as men, with the aid of lifting appliances any weights over 80 Ib. It is on work weighing between 60 lb. and 80 Ib. where it becomes questionable whether women can be properly and economically emploved. There is the cost of special lifting tackle and handling devices necessary for women that may be obviated in the case of men, and in instances where tackle has been provided for dealing with these weights it has been found that women prefer not to go to the trouble of using such tackle and so overtax their strength by endeavoring to lift weights which after a time generally results in injury to health.” In regard to output women workers have, in her observation, enormously increased the records of out- put of all products of a repetition character which were current in munition firms previous to the war, but on non-repetition work it is doubtful whether they have, generally speaking, equalled the output of men. With reference to special conditions necessary for the successful employment of women, Miss Monkhouse points out that it is extremely difficult to start women in the same shop with men, unless the latter are in sympathy with the movement, and experience has proved that the only satisfactory way is to start women in a shop by themselves under a sympathetic foreman until they have proved themselves. Experience has also shown that women should be controlled by their own sex if the best results are to be obtained. There is no doubt that generally speaking a woman is a better judge of a woman than a man, and successful firms have realized this and have appointed an experienced woman superior, to be responsible for engaging all their women labor. With regard to hours of work, experience has shown that a reasonably short sbift is the most successful, pro- ducing less industrial fztigue as shown by few acci- dents, better timekeeping, and undiminished capacity of the worker toward the end of the shift so that a better average output is maintained. Another point in favor of shorter hours is the fact that a better class of labor is tempted to join the ranks of munition workers. In discussion of the paver one sneaker stated that in his experience, where 10 out of 100 men left in a year, 50 out of a 100 women would leave, while with regard to timekeeping a woman would lose six days in a 100 where a man would lose only one day. 744 Compensating Air-Operated Shell Chucks Compensating air chucks to take shells from 3 in. diameter upward and in any length have been placed on the market by the Production Appliances Co., Chicago. A number of new features claimed for these chucks are as follows: 1. Two sets of jaws operated independently of each other firmly grip the shell at two automatically align it with the spindle of the lathe. 9» cross-sections and The positive connection of the jaw-carrying and the jaw-operating bodies with the lathe spindle through the driving stop studs utilizes the full power of the air for gripping the work. Hence, not only accurate oper- ——————— | ae rate ccasinariatn Shiai cial - THE IRON AGE Septem) sired can be arranged for drilling spher well as cylindrical ones. The maximun that can be handled is 1% in. in diamete; The space occupied by the jig on a measures 2 x 4 in. and the weight is 9 i v8 ID Motors for Overhead Traveling « In a paper presented before the Assoc and Steel Electrical Engineers at its annu Baltimore, Sept. 11, R. H. McLain, Gen Co., proposes rules for selecting the p motor and gear ratio for bridge-motion ove Steady. fest driving Studs ; Dust Ring ations but roughing cuts as well may be performed with the chuck without over straining any of its parts. 3. The jaws are carried by a continuous round body with apertures only for the jaws and for snugly fitting studs. The jaws completely disappear when the chuck is ready to receive the shell. This, together with the dust ring, not only prevents dirt and grit from entering between the operating surfaces, thus prolonging the life of the chuck, but also provides a chuck into which the shell can be slipped without requiring any care from the operator to avoid protruding edges or jaws. 1. The rugged and simple design is easily assembled without any delicate parts to endanger the accuracy or gripping power of the chuck. A Rapid Production Drilling Jig To enable short, round pieces of work to be handled rapidly the M. B. Hill Mfg. Co., 8 Eden Street, Worces- ter, Mass., has developed a rapid production drilling Among the features emphasized are adjustability diameters ready removal of chips. jig. for various and lengths and means for the In operation the work is placed in the jig and bears against the adjustable stop which is provided for locat- ing It iY place The knurled screw at the top of the jig employed simply to hold tl work in place un til the drill strikes the piece After that the drill and the adjustable stop are relied upon to hold the piece I place The jig per or on de, which enables the chips produced to pe brushed out read ily. The jig is Short Round Pieces of Various Diam- adjustable for dif- gy A ne Rag ht lon te : *t + Seeds ferent diameters Removal of ¢ of work and if de- and They Driven Are Carried as Shown by a Cylindrical Member ing cranes. The work done by the bridge motor be describes as consisting of three parts, namely: over. coming track resistance and journal friction, acceler- ating the crane with load and accelerating the motor armature and brake wheel. With the majority of busy cranes he holds that the rolling friction is a small part of the total work, and that acceleration is the main work, and so the most important consideration in the choice of the motor. His study of the subject leads him to say that if 50 per ton is used for track friction and 3 ft. per see- ond per second as the peak rate of acceleration of the crane without load, the motor will be large enough for all cases and too large for most cases. If the installation of a large number of cranes is under consideration he advises that a curve be prepared showing the limi tations of a motor, while if only one crane is being considered an estimate of the proper size of the motor and gearing should be made, and this then checked )y formulas which he gives for determining the torg under the established conditions of acceleration, load ing, friction, etc. If automatic magnetic control is to be used on t crane he suggests that plans be made for a peak acct eration of 2 ft. per second per second, for all cranes ex cept those which swing the load or which make ve! short, rapid trips of something like 50 to 60 ft minute. In this case he advises the use of an accele! ation peak of 3 ft. per second per second. If the crane is to be manually controlled, he ad that a peak acceleration of from 1 to 3 ft. per second pe second, depending on the nature of the work, be For power-house and stand-by cranes, 1 ft per second is ample; for hot-metal cranes, 3 ft. per s¢ ond per second, and for busy loading cranes \ In deciding what peak of acceleration the can stand without damage to itself, the particula acteristics of the motor, he adds, should be dete! by referring to the manufacturer, but in an) there should be no sparking at the commutator wh! the motor started at the maximum rate shaft and bearing stresses should come wit! servative limits at these rates. lb. . 7 tm per is The Independent Pneumatic Tool Co. has re! its office from the Thor Building, Chicago, Il. ‘ West Jackson Boulevard. eat 26, 1918 Septe! G roducer of Concrete Staves ducer with outside shells made of con- vas placed in service about one year ago < se Industrial Co., Syracuse, N. Y., manu- ; producer gas plants. In addition to an ‘in cost over the steel plate producer, the s point out that “probably the greatest durability. All steel producers deteriorate nd the bottom, where the wet ashes come in the metal, and it often happens that the rusted through at this point, when all f the apparatus are in comparatively good [his also holds true with the scrubber shell, of which is at all times operating under wet ad litions, which make it especially susceptible », st and corrosion by the gas. Another advantage - due to the fact that the staves can be made from the mpany’s molds by any local contractor, and there ayits a saving of freight.” It is claimed that it would very easy to replace any of the staves, should they ‘much easier than it would be to put a patch on a [he producer shown is rated at 200 hp. and is about . #. in diameter on the outside. The staves are each ¢ and 10 in. wide and of tongue and groove con- When erected the joints are filled with a 51 fireproof cement, to allow for contraction and expansion. Each stave is 2% in. thick, and is cast flat, ngues and grooves are arranged to suit the er of the tank. Each stave is reinforced by a vire netting, which extends into the tongues on ind which reinforces one side of the groove, Steel Is Effected in 200-H.P. Gas Producer by Mak Shells of Concrete. Greater durability is claimed posite side of the stave. To protect the staves heating, a 3-in. layer of Sil-O-Cel powder is tween the staves and fire brick. This, it is prevents the staves from overheating and also seal to prevent leakage of gas through any or crack which might appear in the joints the staves or in the staves themselves. The gas producer is of cast iron and water-cooled, n both the staves and the inside lining of fire top of the scrubber, which is also of con- es, is made up of sheet steel. The inside of are given a coat of asphaltum paint to make tight, and were mixed, when cast, with water- Water-proof cement was also used pound. ts, when the staves were erected. Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., Cleveland, has rder for 39 gas producers for the Neville plant of the United States Steel Corporation. an order for a shipbuilding crane for the ‘acifie Construction & Dry Dock Co., Seattle, ar dumper for the Pittsburgh Crucible Steel ind, Pa., and two coke pushers for the Wil- Ke Oven Co., New York, which will install ' i plant for the Wisconsin Steel Co. THE IRON AGE 745 Edlund New Sensitive Drilling Machine The high-duty sensitive drilling machine shown in the accompanying illustration is manufactured by the Edlund Machinery Co., Ine., Cortland, N. Y. The frame is of one-piece construc- tion, the casting being connected with a tie at the lower ends, thus to secure a de- gree of rigidity which insures accuracy in drilling and eliminates a large percentage of the breakage of drills. Correct alignment be- ing maintained, the drill cuts freely when breaking through, with consequent less liability of breaking. Not only accuracy, but efficiency and economy are claimed for the machine. The cross-arm is clamped at both ends and fitted with a crank for elevating and low- ering. An adjustable friction is used to counterbalance the weight of the spindle. The table is extra heavy and well ribbed. It is supported at three points. The drive is through a gear box and silent chain. Four changes of speed which can be changed quickly are provided, the speed-changing handles being conveni ently located at the left of the machine. The spindle thrust and upper spindle bearings are ball bearing. All other bearings are bronze with hardened and ground shafts. The machine has a clearance of 21 in. from the tabk to the end of the spindle, and drills to the center of an 18-in. circle. A pan is provided to catch the chips and cutting compound, keeping them from the floor, and if desired, a pump and tank for the cutting compound is furnished. Attachments for holding work are to be brought out shortly New Edlund Sensitive M ichine Drilling Hill, Clarke & Co. of Chicago Well Housed The general offices and showroom of Hill, Clarke & Co. of Chicago are now housed in a remodeled build- ing at 647-649 Washington Boulevard, Chicago. The property was purchased some time ago by the com pany and plans for a unique and unusually handsome machinery salesroom were prepared, but the entrance of this country into the war and the curtailment of building operations led to the utilization of the build ing on the property. The structure contains 18,000 sq. ft., is light and well ventilated and presents ar attractive appearance. The company is very busy at its Douglas Park plant, where machine tools are “re- manufactured,” and is employing more men than ever before. J. Van Hamme, 166 Heerengracht, Amsterdam, Hol- and, advises THE IRON AGE that he intends to reopen soon after the conclusion of peace in Europe his ma- chinery and tool department, and he expects consider- able business from reconstruction and re-equipment of factories destroyed in Belgium. Mr. Van Hamme is desirous of making connection with American compa- nies manufacturing the following products: anvils, vises, belting, foundry equipment and supplies, sheet metal cutting machines, oxy-acetylene cutting and weld- ing apparatus, sand blast equipment, metal sawing machines and sheet meta] machinery 746 THE IRON TALKS TO COKE MEN Responsibility for Decreased Production of Iron and Steel Is Frankly Discussed UNIONTOWN, Pa., Sept. 23.—Complete information on that phase of the war program which resulted in the establishment of a rigid inspection of all coke shipments was given the operators of the Connellsville coke region Friday at a meeting here which was ad- dressed by three high officials of the United States Fuel Administration. James B. Neale, Director of Production; P. B. Noyes, Fuel Administration repre- sentative on the Requirements Committee of the War Industries Board, and J. D. A. Morrow, Director Gen- eral of Distribution, gave the coke operators a glimpse of the preparations being made at Washington for the great American offensive some time next year and called for their maximum co-operation in advancing that pro- gram. The keynote of the meeting was sounded when Mr. Neale suggested that the watchword of the Connells- ville region should be “Come what may, the furnaces shall not be banked.” A formal resolution was adopted by the operators authorizing the fuel chiefs to deliver personally to President Wilson upon their return to Washington their assurances that the Connellsville coke region pledged itself to produce sufficient coke to keep the furnaces running. Tremendous Effort Required Operators were told by W. L. Byers, manager of production for the local region, that all efforts were now being concentrated to conduct a great fuel drive early in October, probably the second week, with an output of 800,000 tons as its goal. To accomplish that, he declared, would require every ounce of energy of every man in the region, and he formally called upon them to plan for the fuel drive. In advancing the output to meet the accelerated de- mand, the highest quality must be maintained, Mr. Morrow informed the coke men. He declared that Gov- ernment inspection has now been perfected to such an extent that the quality must be raised “even if we have to put somebody up against a stone wall to do it.” He explained in detail that system and with much earn- estness gave concrete examples of what poor quality coke meant to the war program and to lives of Ameri- can soldiers overseas. Reduced Steel Production Although there are 46 more blast furnaces in the country this year than last, Mr. Morrow asserted, the steel output will be 4,000,000 tons less. That this year’s output should fall below that of peace times with so much dependent upon it was absolutely inexcusable, he declared, stating that the situation has arisen not from lack of quantity but lack of quality. He then explained that all steel manufacturers had reported to the War Industries Board that they were unable even to approach requirements with the quality of coke now being provided the furnaces and cited instances where steel plates delivered at the shipyards had been re- fused because they did not come up to requirements. Complaints of the steel manufacturers about the low grade of coke had been forwarded to the Fuel Ad- ministration with orders for immediate action, the Di- rector General of Distribution declared. The answer of the Fuel Administration, Mr. Morrow continued, was a return order, directing that all steel manufacturers make complete reports with all data of low-grade fuel. That system was now in process of perfection, he warned the operators, and no action was regarded too drastic to correct the evil. Closest Co-operation Asked Demands of the war essential industries have reached such a point, he stated, that it was becoming necessary daily to extend the commandeering of fuel. With that situation present, Mr. Morrow went into detail upon the plan worked out for the distribution of coal and coke and asked the operators for the closest co-opera- tion in meeting fuel requirements made upon them. AGE September “6, 1918 Cases are not infrequent, he declared, wh ders are made upon the distribution depart very short notice and for that reason imm: pliance from the operators is necessary. The magnitude of the military program f ‘Pe or- © Upon com- ing spring offensive is made apparent by ia orders of General Pershing for material, P Noves told the operators. The orders reaching ¢! uire. ments committee of the War Industries Bo: he de. clared, showed that preparations were being made on such a scale that the German concentratio: March would be made to look like “thirty cents.” When the time comes for that offensive, he stated, it ild be a case of calculating the shortage of materials and determining how many soldiers must be thrown jy make up the loss of materials. Coke is the big factor in the steel program, 4 clared Director of Production James B. Neale. declared that upon the operators of the Connells region rests a greater burden than upon any of men in the United States. He detailed a prograp calculated to secure a greater co-operation of the miners with the operators and advised the coke men to go into the mines and lead their men to victory and not attempt to drive them. Stationary Engineers Hear Impressive Facts About Coal The National Association of Stationary Engineers held its annual convention in Cincinnati Aug. 10 to 13. Headquarters were at the Sinton Hotel, but the business meetings and exhibits were held at Music Hall. Although the attendance was somewhat limited on account of war-time conditions, more than 150 ex- hibitors had booths. The most urgent matter that came before the con- vention was the saving of coal. George H. Stickney, Edison Lamp Co., at Tuesday’s session called particu- lar attention to the fact that much fuel was wasted by factories, office buildings and householders by need- lessly burning lights when they were not necessary. P. B. Noyes, director of fuel conservation, addressed the association on Tuesday and brought out some points as to the need of coal conservation that somewhat startled the audience. He stated that fully 50,000,000 tons of coal must be saved this winter for use in muni- tion plants. This means that non-essential industries must be very careful or they will be cut off entirely He said: “The coal we will mine this year will be equa! to two and one-quarter times the amount of materia! removed in digging the Panama Canal, but war needs have run up the consumption of fuel to an unprece- dented figure.” The following officers were elected to serve during the ensuing year: President, Roderick Mackey, Los Angeles, Cal.; vice-president, John P. Callahan, Jer- sey City; secretary, F. W. Raven, Chicago, and treas- urer, Samuel B. Forse, Pittsburgh. Huntington, W. Va., was decided on as the next meeting place. The Packard Motor Car Co. has a branch employ- ment department on wheels—a mobile office erected on a Packard truck. The applicant enters by a short stairway which is swung down from the rear when the truck is not in motion, and finds himself in a com- pletely equipped room. Benches accommodating four or five each are arranged on each side of the motor car office and the company’s representative sits at 4 regulation desk. For cold weather a hot water heating plant has been installed, operating direct from the water circulating system of the motor. The Consumers’ Mining Co., a subsidiary of the LaBelle Iron Works, Steubenville, Ohio, has placed 8 contract with the Thompson-Starrett Co. for the erec- tion of 175 houses for employees at its coal mines and also a contract with the R. G. Johnson Co. for the sink- ing of a shaft and slope, no contracts have yet been let for mine buildings or equipment to be installed at the property. 1918 IC FERROMANGANESE ture from Domestic Ores in the Its Man ; : Wes.—Electrode Consumption High The acture of ferromanganese in the electric cs ces sprung into decided prominence since the on ' ind especially in recent weeks, because of i t the War Industries Board contemplates oe this industry and limiting the number 8 aces operating on ferromanganese. Details is phases of this electric furnace practice in ay on are given below from a paper, “The stic Manganese Ore from Colorado, Utah and To Nevada Montrose, nsville, Utah Las Vegas, Nev. Col ae —_— er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per t Cent Cent Cent Cent Cent Cent Cent Cent {. G2 37.52 37.47 40.37 39.6 2 38.47 38.75 43.58 44.67 ” 2 13.02 11.69 18.55 14.16 15.18 15.26 6.58 6.76 - 1.20 1.30 1.15 0.85 0.75 0.70 .. 4.17 2.79 ¢ <9 558 6.339 0 351 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.58 0.148 H ‘ $5015.5014.80 8.35 9.15 14.1614.60 .... 8.30 manufacture of Ferroalloys in the Electric Furnace,” b Robert M. Keeney, Denver, Col., presented at the Colorado meeting of the American Institute of Mining THE IRON AGE 747 shown. These results are based in Table 3, on the first month’s operation of a 1200-kw. furnace, and do not represent what is being done by the same furnace at the present time, when a considerably better recovery is being made with a lower power consumption. Smelting an ore averaging 38.9 per cent manganese and 13 per cent SiO,, the recovery in metal tapped is 75.4 per cent, with an average loss of 17.3 per cent in the slag and 7.3 per cent mechanically and by volatiliza- tion. Considerably better results are now being ob- tained, especially as regards slag loss. The power con- sumption was 6429 kw.hr. per gross ton of ferroman- ganese, measured on the primary side of the trans- formers. The average metal produced contained: man- ganese, 79.34; silicon, 1.2; phosphorus, 0.202; sulphur, 0.018 per cent. The quantity of coal charged was less than 10 per cent above the theoretical amount required for complete reduction, which is contrary to the prac- tice at several electric-furnace plants. Staggering Advance in Pig Iron Costs Referring to the incessant advances in the costs of pig iron producers, the Matthew Addy Co. writes: “The cost of making iron has been increasing steadily, but in August cost sheets showed a phenomenal and stag- gering increase. There has been a heavy increase in freights. Everywhere labor is being paid more and more, and there is not an item entering into the cost Engineers at Denver, Sept. 3 to 6. of making pig iron but shows a great advance—often l Table 2—Smelting Domestic Manganese Ore in the Electric Furnace 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Average ore... Wh caw khncdstvecacess 16.000 18,400 21,600 18,099 17,700 17.700 20.000 21.322 17.599 16,700 cov aulen Rh emenee eee 4,140 4,600 5,950 4,460 1.400 4,400 4,840 5.280 4.400 Bee strces scenes tuwdwaenveus 5,850 6,500 8,450 6,500 7,300 6,500 7.075 7,375 6,000 5,400 D.2 ks ddan deena caer 1.125 1,250 1.550 900 825 600 660 600 600 540 ( per Oo Te GOR. rikeidescus ae 25.00 27.60 24 70 25.80 25.80 24.20 24.70 25.20 23.80 sf Mang ore, per Cent......ceeee 39.30 39.90 38.70 39.50 39.50 39.25 39.00 38.60 37.80 37.80 8.93 M OCUUTE ssi tows oe edb aae 76.40 75.60 78.53 79.25 79.46 80.15 80.65 80.50 81.46 81.40 79.3 s tiiccsevndaabaeacedsha 1.50 1.10 1.34 0.91 0.47 26 0.12 1.29 2.57 1.50 1.20 PI COME vk cten ds tinnns 0.227 0.210 0.173 0.183 0.203 0.205 0.220 0.207 0198 0.203 0 202 s Eccaetnenkenwen meee wa 0.005 0.015 0.030 0.013 0.017 0.004 0.017 0.035 0.024 0.018 M g COME. cc ccasecssveves 12.58 15 38 9.08 12.88 16.1 13.78 14.97 11.56 12.05 10.95 12.94 BIOs icc cesncesn eed ene Oe eewedewe 28.84 27.36 28.74 27.90 25.64 27.54 22.74 28.96 29.52 30.72 27.79 ov cRadiapee se aeaeeae 38.06 33.22 30.51 35.03 35.48 37.25 33.95 37.49 35.96 37.09 35.40 wewale Mad wena ee \aeneas: oceans 2.60 jadi sabe ah Ceckeee: Geass 5.81 sla dks ean kaees sta een a | 0 ep ees Peta : piece: ee W InSOMONS, Ticcccsccers 6 785 6.552 7.674 6.502 7.823 6.089 6.937 7.564 5.420 6,865 6.821 Weig g. Di ncneead ta wen enhaeuns 10.556 9,221 11,043 8,537 10903 8.190 10341 9,145 8.353 9,753 9,604 M t in slag, per cent...... 20.70 19.30 11.90 15.5¢ 25.20 16.20 19.80 12.80 15.50 16.80 17.30 M t by volatilization and One. ci. Sewic £ieera 10 20 16.90 PAG. ~ isa een 13.80 8.70 13.60 17.30 ne as Se 7.30 f manganese, per cent..... 82.30 70.50 72.10 72.40 88.40 70.00 71.50 73.60 67.20 86.50 75.40 Kw per gross ton ferromanganese. 6,400 7,150 5,980 6,220 6,320 6,600 6,420 6,400 6,450 7,350 6,429 — ———— The preparation of ferromanganese in the electric furnace consists in charging a proper mixture of ore, i! and limestone in proper proportions for the re- duction of manganese with a minimum slag loss. The furnace operates at 75 to 100 volts. With dioxide ores, takes place according to the reaction: MnO, + 2C = Mn + 2CO. added either as a constituent of the ore, in the ‘iron turnings. The power consumption varies 1000 kw. hr. per gross ton in a 3000-kw. furnace 00 kw. hr. per ton in a 1000-kw. furnace. The consumption is high, ranging from 150 to -o) b. per ton of product, when using amorphous carbon trodes. Analyses of some domestic manganese ores luced in Colorado, Utah and Nevada are given in Some of this ore is so high in phosphorus has to be mixed with the low-phosphorus ore to Table 3—Raw Materials icite Limestone Per Cent Per Cent rbon 8376 ‘Ca <sisii. 54.56 A 10.98 . Gi toe 7.04 0.84 Fluorspar Per Cent product under 0.2 per cent phosphorus. Most ores are very dusty, resulting in a heavy dust n in the electric furnace. smelting Domestic Manganese Electrically 2 gives results from the electric smelting of s given in Table 1, and the other materials 150 per cent. * * * Furnaces which apparently at the Government fixed prices had a sure margin of profit are now facing a loss. To show exactly what has hap- pened, one of the Birmingham furnaces which is singu- larly favored with cheap raw materials made iron in 1916 at a coat of $9 the ton. In August its direct costs exceeded $29, and to this must be added a considerable sum for bond interest. It is essential that every ton of iron the country can make be produced—that is a patriotic necessity—and the problem of how to keep running at a loss is facing many iron masters. This is the problem that is up to the War Industries Board to solve. “The shortage of foundry iron grows more and more apparent. So many furnaces once making foun- dry iron are now on basic, and production has of late so fallen off that there is today much more foundry iron urgently needed than can be supplied. Four of the large furnace companies in Birmingham which at one time ran exclusively on foundry irons are now run- ning practically 100 per cent on basic for steel mills. In consequence the steel iron situation is in fair shape, but the foundry situation is desperate.” The new blast furnace under erection for a year or more by the Brier Hill Steel Co., at Youngstown, Ohio, was put in blast on Friday, Sept. 20. The torch was applied by a daughter of W. A. Thomas, president, and the furnace was named Jeannette in her honor. The stack is expected to make from 500 tons to 550 tons of pig iron per day. Greater Need for Accident Prevention Loss of Man Power in War Pointed to by National Safety Council Convention as Cre- ating Special Demand for Safety Campaigns HE Seventh Annual Safety Congress, held at the Hotel Statler, St. Louis, last week, under the auspices of the National Safety Council, was with- out a doubt the best attended and most fruitful in the history of the council. Approximately 2000 men and several hundred women, including the safety engineers of the majority of the country’s industrial plants, the operating heads of plants and many Government repre- sentatives, threw into a common pot all their experi- ences, plans and ideas regarding the prevention of ac- cidents in industry. Of the 46 sectional meetings the daily sessions of the iron and steel section were by far the best attended. At the general sessions too the metal industries con- tributed a preponderance of speakers. The congress differed from all prevous conventions of the Safety Council in the amount of attention given to women in industry throughout the discussions. For the first time, also, several “women’s sessions” were held. Many Officers Re-elected David Van Schaack of the Aetna Life Insurance Co. of New York was re-elected president of the council. Frank E. Morris, safety engineer of the American Roll- ing Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio, was chosen chairman of the iron and steel secton, succeeding Earl B. Morgan, 3oston, Mass. The entire staff of the general office of the council was re-elected and the following new of-