The Iron Age 1918-08-22: Vol 102 Iss 8

New York, August 22, 1918 ESTABLISHED 1855 VOL. 102: No. 8 Modern Practice in Galvanizing Sheets Methods of Constructing and Operating Gal- vanizing Pots—Preparation of Material and Hitherto BY CLEMENT F. Costs—Some together with chapters on galvanizing ma- chines and the care and setting of galvaniz- ing kettles or pots is the subject of this article. The method of galvanizing ordinary commercial sheets was dealt with in the author’s article on the manufacture of sheets, THE IRON AGE, March 21, 1918, pages 740 and 741. Presuming that the sheets are delivered to the pickling department properly annealed, the process is to pickle in a solution of sulphuric acid and water, 10 to 15 per cent acid substantially as de- scribed in the article above named. There are many methods of pickling. The old hand method required two long and narrow tanks with a depth of about 6to8 in. greater than the widest sheet to be treated. These tanks in England and Wales were usually constructed of stone slabs 4 in. thick rebated at the joints and made acid and water tight with sulphur. The sheets were dropped in to the tanks on edge in batches of about 1 ton. The picklers, two to a tank, stood on a platform and pushed the sheets backward and forward by means of long steel rods having chisel points. To divide the sheets so as to allow the acid solution to reach all portions of the sheet the rods were inserted in different strata of the pack and the right-hand pickler usually had his rod about 15 sheets in front of the left-hand Pickler. To ascertain if the process had been car- ried far enough, one or two sheets from different parts of the pack were lifted out and examined. This method required a considerable amount of skill and experience, was at the best uncertain and was particularly unhealthy for the workmen. It is now, happily, practically obsolete. There are several methods of mechanically (J terstner with especially as applied to sheets, GALVAN/Z/NG POT Unpublished Facts POPPLETON pickling sheets more or less commercially success ful and all a very distinct advance on the hand method. In all of these the sheets are packed on edge in acid proof crates, which have vertical pins at intervals in the width to prevent the mass of sheets too closely adhering together. A crate load is about 2 tons in the plunger oscillator type ma chines and 1 to 1% tons in the Mesta machine. The broad principles are: 1—the oscillator plunger type. In these machines the acid is agitated around and between the sheets which remain quies cent. 2—The Mesta type in which the sheets are plunged up and down in the acid. The tanks for all types are usually made of pitch or yellow pine. For the oscillator or plunger type the tanks are made long enough to accommo date the longest sheets to be pickled plus about 1 ft. clearance and are about 5 ft. wide. If the plunger is actuated on the side a separate partition is arranged between the sheets and the plunger, but the partition does not extend the whole depth of the tank. The plunger in this type is formed of pine about 12 in. thick and 4 ft. deep with about 26-in. stroke. The end type of plunger is exactly similar but is less in size, being placed at the end of the tank crosswise. Of these two the side plunger gives the better results. An exactly similar tank, with plunger, is necessary in both cases for rinsing the acid off the sheets after they are suffi ciently pickled. The Mesta type consists of a steam cylinder carrying four horizontal arms from which are sus- pended the acid proof crates. There are three tanks placed at right angles to each other on three of the four quadrants of a circle. The size of the tanks is regulated, as in the plunger type, by the maxi- Fig. 1—Scheme of a Sheet Galvanizing Plant 433 @ { 434 mum length of sheet it is proposed to handle. Two of these tanks contain acid solutions and the third water. It is possible to utilize the waste strong solution to provide the strength for the second or weak acid bath, as of necessity a certain amount of the strong solution adheres to the sheets and crates. This machine enables the use of two pickling baths, a very desirable feature, without extra labor or floor space, and the rinse water is not charged with acid as rapidly as is the case with the single pickle tank of the plunger system. Further steam is requisite to heat up the acid solution and the ex- haust steam from the Mesta machine can be used for this purpose. After pickling, the sheets are subjected to a rigid inspection, as faults, in this process, will inevitably show up after coating in the galvanizing bath, and it is obvious that after coating the loss of the much more valuable metal spelter plus the labor expended is to be avoided if by any means possible, it being borne in mind that a galvanized waster has less actual value as scrap than a black waster. After inspection the sheets are placed in a storage tank and kept covered with water. It is very important that the acid soaked sheets should be exposed to the air for the shortest possible time as Oxidation takes place very rapidly on the pickled surface. The finished work will be very much im proved by allowing the sheets to remain in the stor age tank for at least 72 hr.; in fact, a week is not too long. Overpickled sheets, which always produce “gray” galvanized sheets (that is, small, almost imperceptible spangles), may be “brought back” to a certain extent by a long immersion in water. From the storage tank the sheets are taken about 20 or 30 at a time into a solution tank, which, as its name implies, contains a weak solution of acid and water (about ™% per cent to 1 per cent hydro- chloric acid is usually used in this country and in Great Britain, and from this tank are immediately dipped. Dipping or coating still retains its old name albeit today the sheets chinery. are coated by ma The Old System of Dipping The old dipping pot, which the author well r« members, consisted of a wrought iron tank about 13 ft. long, 3 ft. wide and 5 ft. deep. It was divided in the center by means of a plate about 2 ft. dee} by %@ in. thick. This had an angle riveted along its edge, which angle rested on the end plates of the pot. There were two dippers, who were provided with a long hook and a short two-pronged fork The sheets were placed edge down in the hook and pushed down into the spelter by means of the for} After they had remained in the bath long enough, in the judgment of the head dipper, to become o the same temperature as the bath, the top edge of the sheet was pushed over by means of the for! under the dividing plate and then by means of the hooks the sheet was raised above the the metal on the exit side. There were two catchers who were provided wit} a pair of tongs exactly similar to the modern ice tongs except that the grips were buttons, round- headed rivets usually. To one handle of these tongs was attached a rope which ran over a sheave, whicl was usually about 15 ft. up in the air. The sheet was pulled up and allowed to remain in the air until it had “spangled.” Then it was allowed to drop into a water bath, the function of which was to wash off flux stains. Thence it was taken out by two boys and thrown into a shallow box filled with sawdust. Here it was thoroughly scrubbed by hand surface THE IRON AGE August 22, 1918 on both sides, usually by female labor. an inspection table, brushed off and Sead ‘SSed on ¢ thence taken to the packers. anded ang The system, as adopted at the works o: Tok Lysaght, Ltd., Bristol, England, was to dip th, flux and take out through flux. At « reeel of , competitors’ works, the exit side of the wot ten covered with sand or coke dust to save Spelter. bys the sheets were lacking in appearance and eet: It took a crew of two dippers, two catchers. ty ash boys, two sawdust scrub girls, one inspector one brander and two truckers, or 12 men. hovs ans girls to each pot, and the average output was 4), tons in 10% hr. This process the author last say i, commercial use in the fall of 1889 at which time hp was designing and experimenting with what proved to be the first commercially successful four , galvanizing machine. Flux and Dry Dipping The modern method of “dry” dipping or ga izing was described in the author’s article pre. viously referred to. Dry dipping is a term used jy Great Britain to differentiate the product from yy dipping. This latter process is very little used j the United States, but is preferred by many mur. kets and the English Government specifications ca! for it. The markets that require flux-dipped sheet for better quality work, both corrugated and flat are Australia, Canada, Cape Markets and Arge tina. The best known brands of flux-dipped sheets are Orb (John Lysaght, Ltd.), Redcliffe Crown and Queen’s Head, the last mostly flat sheets used i Canada. A description of this process is giver below, together with a relative cost sheet The pickling of the sheet and in general the preparation of the black sheet is precisely the same for flux dipped as for dry dipped, except that as the flux-dipped sheet is more often used flat and for working up greater care should be taken in annea ing. The “Queen’s Head” guarantee is that the sheet shall seam and wire both ways of the grau without sign of fracture of either sheet or coating It is much better for all sheets to be well water soaked after pickling, but for flux dipping it \ essential, as large uniform spangles are demanded in this product. The sheets for flux dipping must remain in the water storage tank at least 72 hr and preferably a week. However, great care be taken that the sheets are entirely covered with water. A little should be run off daily and the tan filled up with fresh water. Dipping may be done either wet or dry; that's the sheet may be passed into the entering flux bo from the solution tank either direct, that 1s, we or may be passed over an oven and be dried, enter ng the flux at about the same temperature as flux itself. This latter method is preferred at Lysaght plant, but is not universally adopted ev in England and Wales. It is more econon muriate of ammonia and also safer to operat ening the liability to “blow.” It is, however, Pr ferable to heat the sheets, as it assists in dispers" the hydrogen gas evolved in the pickling proc which is one cause of gray or small spangled shee The galvanizing machine is exactly the s™ for both processes and consists of a framé ing and either four or six rolls. Two, ina! pot, are entirely submerged and two partia: re merged in the metal. In dry dipping to s& “ best results the metal line should be 1/16 to below the horizontal center line of the suriac partially submerged rolls. ; In flux dipping the metal line should % follows: myst 19138 *% in. higher than the horizontal center of the surface rolls in. higher than the horizontal center of the surface rolls higher than the horizontal ter of the surface rolls sh is obtained by passing the sheet flux which is proportioned as fol- sufficient for one ton (2240 6 gage sheets; this figure is the actual t covering 3000 tons of 84 in. x 30 in. tity 1S ture is preferably made up for say 4 hr. storekeeper and handed out to the onvenient box. It is applied to the and, a little at a time, that is, sprinkled per must at all times be careful to keep clean and the flux foamy, dipping out uch flux as becomes dead. This flux \;-in. plate with one seam and is tly fit the roll necks (not bearing on ild be 8 in. high above the metal line are used. rnover is used to compel the sheet to nveyor, but is arranged to allow suffi- al travel to give the spelter time to g As there is considerable list in flux gal- ng the “kick off” is provided. This is made ‘22x \,-in. angles and makes the sheet jump ck in against the turnover, which gives sufficient to shake off all the list. The conveyor consists ve lines of No. 42 Ewart chain. It is 9 ft. enter to center of sprockets, which is sufficient to tall sheets up to and including No. 20 gage. This be used for No. 18 gage, but is not nded, and cannot be used for anything Eleven feet is preferable for No. 18 gage for No. 16 gage or heavier. washing tank has a sloped bottom allowing killed flux and other foreign matter to out of the way of the travel of the s arranged with a 2-in. wash out plug, let pipe and 34-in. overflow and a %4-in. to heat the water when starting up and ng out, which should be done every three ruides through this washing tank are -in. flat bars spaced on about 8-in. engin can except the galvanizing rolls are 6 in. in barrel with 2'4-in. necks. The most ls in a galvanizing machine are 8 in. necks bushed to 5 in. ng the washing tanks the sheets are igh guides, also of 3 x 4-in. flat bars, rle, which has two pairs of 6-in. rolls, ber coated and one pair cast iron with mangle the sheets pass through an consists of a cast-iron box with fire r the bottom guide for the sheets and - X \4-in. bars forming the top guides. usually coke fired) is arranged with bout 4 ft. below the fire bars in the next pass through a second mangle cisely the same as the first, but there coated rolls. This mangle delivers neet to the inspector’s buggy. ice is very limited the second pair of oa second mangle may be dispensed with, i: eXtra pair is strongly recommended, as the , ‘hrough three pairs of solid 6-in. polished . nr a THE IRON AGE _ - spaailaiac ms as j a. i— = - - | ie ' } | ie iil | \ IU} EY J hat ony | | = es eiadicaleadl | rolls while the sheet is comparatively hot renders the use of the flattening machine unnecessary for any but the highest class of sheets. Relative Costs of Dry and Flux Dipping It is almost impossible to put relative costs into dollars and cents owing to the fluctuation of the various materials, etc., entering into the computa tion thereof; therefore a comparative table of re sults obtained in the is appended. test hereinbefore mentioned Drv Dipvned Shes N | ! Spelter, Ib 18 199.9 Muriate of monia, lt 13 Glycerine, oz Tallow, oz . 6 Fuel drying furnace bout 10 - a 4 ‘ ‘ Labor feeders ; 1 Labor. dippers ] Labor inspectors No ne dipper take WW wl liy l r" eeders a I s } s \ . gram ¢ tlir f +) } ‘ The appended cost sheets of No. 24 gage sheets, English and American, may prove of interest. It is needless to remark that both are based on ante bellum conditions, and are for dry-dipped, not flux- dipped sheets. Cost per Ton, F. A f No B.W ! ted Black sl Spelter t 4 T yf 1 gl Hydrochlor cid. .2 cwt. at 1/5 ) can be Vitr 4 cwt. at 2 j ipl Col for firing pot and drying Coa n boilers ncluding Muriate of ammonia (flux) 1.0 Ib t i Loss on dross ; ; Loss on wasters, 2 per ton sa) . Labor, galvanizing nd z Labor, coking and cleaning. £4 4 Labor, corrugating Labor, packing and ware} Trade charges week Salaries Clerks Weighbridge and Warehouse clerk Engineering staff Fitter ‘ 2 ) Labor 1 10 Interest or pital, £9 t 5 per : £4500 depreciation (a) fixed plant and buildings 9 per cent £1000 (b) Motive power 7° per annum " £ 750 (c) Pot rolls 334 per annum : £ 250 (d) Pots 100 I nnum £1500 (e) Spelter in pots nnum Renewals of wearing parts of galvanizing gear Light, wages and carbons, et £4.5.0 per week 4 Oil and stores ; Freight to Liverpool estimated at . £8 13 10 or $41.48 Packing for export shipment is of various:kinds, but is an extra, and paid for as such, so that ft is not taken into account fm the works cost sheet. ‘ 4 . Ss = 436 THE IRON AGE Aug J ‘ & ] f (7 i f 1 i f SN] { i i Blac heet Lso0 at 94 lL.oss ling R S ) \ i ‘ Fuel f g ) Power Mur f amm< ) Los oO I Ss oO \ I | bor Galy Pickl Firema Cor 2 L rac a Warel W at fem T ew } i Wwals 2 ht ) ad t eT { Quite recently the author, by the courtesy of G. A. White of the Titanium Alloy Mfg. Co., has had the pleasure of studying a booklet entitled “A Metallurgical Study of the Steel Base as Related to Galvanizing.” Excerpts from this were pub- lished in THE IRON AGE, April 11, 1918, pages 934 and 935. The writer is not sufficiently posted on the actual handling of titanium alloy steel in sheet form (the same being at this writing not in com- mon commercial use) to criticise that portion of I ANTI-STRIKE AMENDMENT Men Who Quit Work Lose Exemptions—Mr. Gompers’ Protest Disregarded WASHINGTON, Aug. 20.—Opposition by President Gompers of the American Federation of Labor to the Thomas “anti-strike” amendment to the new draft bill failed to keep that amendment out of the measure It was accepted by the Senate Committee on Military Affairs. If it is adopted by both houses, workers who trike will lose their exemptions from the operation the new law. The amendment provides that “when any persor hall have been placed in a deferred or exempted clas lor any of the reasons therein set fort} , he shall not be entitled to remain therein unless he shall in good faith continue, while physically able so to do, to work at and follow such employment, and if he fails so to do he shall again become subject to the draft; th President is vested with authority to enforce th vision.” S pro Concerning this, the committee report submitted by Chairman Chamberlain declared: “It seems to the committee that in view of the fact we are about to authorize the drafting of the boys be tween the ages of 18 and 21 years, as well as those above 21 up to and inclusive of 45 years of age, and are providing for the exemption of men between 18 and 45 who are engaged in useful and necessary occu pations from actual service in the ranks, that when they are exempted solely because their services are more valuable to the Nation in the production of things essential to the prosecution of the war, that when they cease in good faith to follow the essential occupation, they ought to be subject to the draft as in other cases. The young men not engaged in these occupations must wear the uniform, enter the ranks, and bare his breast to the weapons of the German Army. He cannot re- fuse to work even for an hour, and he is compelled to fight whether he feels disposed to do so or not. In view of this, when a young man is exempted from the draft solely in order that he may engage in essen- tial industry, he ought to continue in that employment 22, 19]8 the brochure, but the booklet is a va] tion to the knowledge of the art of results obtained being a distinct ad usual commercial sheet. With the conclusions as to th hydrogen and the elimination of th ing in water and heat treatment, the ; in agreement. The flux dipped sheet in this article have uniformly large base from which they are manufactu quality of open-hearth steel carefull in the bar mill and in the sheet mill. 6, is also taken with the pickling proc spection at all points is very rigid. | means least, after pickling the sheets ; in water for 72 hr. to one week and the up to a temperature of 700 to 800 deg. Fah: dipping. Fig. 2 represents a typical Eng! machine. This is driven: 1. By direct gearing, that is, one lar: drives the top roll of the bottom pair and t} roll of the top pair, the power being applied from a line shaft and a step cone pulley is p) to give the necessary variation in sp different gages. 2. Motor drive mounted on the pot fun plates, in which case the rolls are driven gearing in a similar manner to the Americar machine. (To be continued) good faith while any grievance he may hav ng adjusted by the Industrial Board, and fails to do so, he ought to be placed in the san egory and be subject to draft just as thé an is compelled to do who was not work in such industry and who has beer to go to the battle front to fight for his country rovision does not pretend to interfere with tl any man to cease labor whenever it pleases | do so, but simply says to him that if he does shall, under such regulations as the Presid prescribe, subject himself to the draft as th had not been exempted in the first instance. T of this provision, the committee believe } appeal to the good sense and patriotism of Senator Thomas also put into the record est of Mr. Gompers to this amendment, as we his own reply to the matter. It is likely that th will now be carried to the floor of both houses there is no indication that the labor leaders hav rendered their opposition. Fabricated Steel Business in July Over twice as much fabricated steel tonnage entered in the order books of fabricators in Jul} June. The July total was about 210,000 tons, an ably fully two-thirds of this was for fabr rated sill work which has been accumulating but not definite) entered until this last month. Since September, 7” when the fabricated ship program got under way, total amount of fabricated steel business has averse™" about 127,000 tons per month, while shipments ~ fabricators’ shops, at least lately, has been ata nn rate-of 125,000 tons. Contracting in the first ni months of 1917 averaged 92,500 tons monthly, dropped from 122,500 tons in March to 52,000 tons September. The foregoing statistics are based records of the Bridge Builders and Structural S George E. Gifford, 50 Church Street, New Tore, retary. In July 116% per cent of the capacity ©” bridge and structural shops of the country W® | under contract, compared with 56 per cent, the mom average of the first half year. i918 New S Turning and Boring Lathes fo, Co., N. S., Pittsburgh, has recently types of the Hindman high-duty shell ng lathes. In the construction of the he, the headstock is of the same gen the original tool, embodying improve- make this lathe partic- rough turning shells up to and in- It is powerful enough to rough turn a side with a feed of 0.125 in 1e tool wil maker states, aeep oO! 1 stand. is arranged so that it may be used irning operations by omitting the first d attaching a belt pulley to back gear five to nple speed and power for these operations. ratio of thus obtaining a one, one-piece design the bed six larg , is particu by n. spindle. A handwhee gy Hoited sol div to npped with a 4-1 provided, 01 s enabling the operato! hell firmly in place with as little effort The carriage is stiff and strong, and has ices on the ways of the lathe, thus notir ( yawing It is furnished nd rear clamps accurately fitted. The ros le are one-piece steel castings ind designed to stand up under very ) used is 1% x 2 hand operation. equipped, if a steel casting of of tool regularly feed is obtained by irning lathe can also be ear tool slide which 1S é ind is fitted into a steel shoe bolted saddl DY 1% in. bolts. It is oper- he nt or rear either in connection with, lent of, the front side. After both tools et, the slides may be operated with one slide is controlled by a fitted with a ip gears Each *% in. in diameter and is it which can be removed very easily, esired to use either tool slide in connec rmer \ir chucks can also be added if | boring lathe conforms to ot the snel on of the original lathe with added de strength and rigidity. It is de 1 large spindle with a 7%-in. hole, 25 7/16 lle permits 155-mm. and 6-in. rough shell held in it for practically their full length, bed with a saving in floor space, chucks and uugh turning if desired. ened so that hell instead of shorte? . J » | ise of pot allows rough The front of screws can be ‘ large set chucks with a irnished regularly hexagona Die constructiol and provided with a rigid clamp over the entire surface of sufficient to hold the turret against the heaviest cuts. The turret head is a imple size to withstand all strains of d failure of tools. Rapid traverse in both This boring lathe can also be arranged for a single boring vided a saddle Uperations Can Be Mounted in the Turret ng Lathe or a Saddle and Single Boring Boring Bar with Power Feed to the Tail- K Can Be Substituted =) THE IRON AGE — she s of \i ~ \ Wi Be | ‘ ; Ait ‘ bar controlled Dy a former or Calisto oring with power feed to the tailsto« Meetings of Motor Truck Owners Conventions of the Truck Owners Conference, h are to be held in many of the larger cities in the ne ten months As announced by Harold P. Gould, chair man of the conference, plans have been laid for 19 tw day conferences in as many cities. The opening m« ing will be held in Detroit, September 19 and 20, at the Board of Commerce Building The official progran will consist of Detroit speakers, each a well-know truck expert in his particular field. Special films of few of the more efficiently operated truck fleet Detroit and Chicago will be show: Addresses by both large and i ruck operatol on their experiences in using methods that reduce operating expense and general discussions on the fact thereby brought out will feature all conferences. Th: purpose throughout Ss to ‘ ire greater effi lency truck operation the country ove) The ibjects di cussed range from “Loading and Unloading Method That Save Time” and “Hauling More Goods With Pow Units” to “Simplicity and Advantages of Keeping Cost on the National Standard Truck Cost System.” The conferences are open to all nlerested j users and no fee is asked. The confere r ; not oper however, to the trade with the exception of sp : invited representatives The variou cities heduled for conferences extend from coast to coast and ear has been chosen because of a central location where! as many ties as possible, especially in that ality may be represented at each conferencs kurther in formation may be obtained by addressing the Trucl Owners Conference, Inc., at Dy South LaSalle Stre Chicago May Commandeer Stocks WASHINGTON, Aug. 20—The recent demand made | the War Industries Board for an inventory of the ste which each automobile manufacturer had on hand Ju! 16 will probably result in some of the companies at least, who have been able to hold considerable s ippli of material, being compelled to share them with mor essential war industries This procedure will be one of the first steps in th line of “commandeering” promised by Chairman Ba ruch to aid war industries. It is announced that he wi not hesitate, in case of need, to commandeer such stoc} of coal, steel, or other materials as may be in the hands of less important industries, provided no other way car be found to help essential plants. The shortage of c: is becoming greater each week It is for this rea that the board has ordered a survey of a long seri of industries, including the automobile industry, to d termine just what stocks are on hand and how much of them may be taken by the Government to help out hard-pressed war industries The Mayer Brothers Co., builder of belt and motor driven power hammers, Mankato, Minn., will change its name to the Little Giant Co. on Sept. 1 ! ‘ Gd mania Urges Definite Declaration of Policy National Erectors’ Association Protests Against Policy of Union—Umpire Appointed in Bridge- port WASHINGTON, Aug. 20.—The attitude of the Na- tional War Labor Board toward employers, as evi- denced by several important recent decisions, and the drive which organized labor is now making to unionize establishments in all industries and especially those engaged in the production of iron and steel which heretofore have been tolerably free from union domi- nation, are causing great concern among manufac- turers in all lines, and there are indications of a movement to bring before the War Board or some other representative agency the so-called “dec laration of principles,” promulgated as a code for the government of the National War Labor Board, in order that its real meaning may be con strued in the light of the events of the past month. The cases that have attracted the special atten tion of employers, as indicating that the National War Labor Board is developing a distinctly pro-labor lean- ing, are those of the Waynesboro manufacturers and the Bethlehem Steel Co., but others of less importance have also aroused interest. Special point has just been given to the matter by the presentation to the War Labor Board of a protest prepared by Walter Drew, rep- resenting the National Erectors’ Association, in which the structural iron workers’ union is accused of hostility to shipyards working on the open shop basis, and the charge is made that the union is disciplining its mem- bers by means of fines “as high as $1000 each for working in the shipyards.” The protest delivered to the board bears the endorsement of the executive com- mittee of the Bridge Builders’ and Structural Society and the National Erectors’ Association and bears the signatures of 113 structural iron firms, said to repre- sent more than 60 per cent of the productive capacity of the industry. The protest is in part as follows: Industries originally The Rights of Workers The “right of workers to organize’ as announce board is construed as sanction by the Union for the institu tion of an aggressive and systematic campaign to unloniz the structural shops of the country, which are now operating on terms of peace and harmony with their employe Unio agents from outside appear in different localities and e! deavor by personal solicitation, circulation of literature, hold ing of meetings and other methods of agitation to create a sense of grievance, discontent and unrest among the hop One feature of this campaign is the circulation o misleading rumors to the effect that workers all sorts of false and the Government intends to unionize the country, that none but union men can be heard.before the War Labor Board that private association employment agencies will be abol ished and only union men employed through the Federal service, and many like statements The necessary effect of ¢ rrale, discipline and efficiency of the shops all this upon the m« is obvious The’ right of workers to join a but it is submitted that the “right of workers to organize” and the right of a national union to institute a country-wide attack in war time upon peaceful establishments whose oper- essential to war production are two very dif To construe any principle of the board as a union is not questioned ation is most ferent things sanction for such an attack is to pervert the board welfare, but of the into an instrument not of the national selfish purposes of an organization attempting to take advantage of r-the common necessity Mr. Drew then speaks of the record of the Struc- tural Iron Workers’ Union, referring especially to the activities of many of its members in dynamiting shops several years ago. He says that because of the failure .of the union to obtain a closed shop in ship construc- tion work and because of dissatisfaction with the clas- sification of workers adopted on ship work, the union is hostile-to shipyard work. Its official publication, tthe Bridgemen’s Magazine, contains reports by its na- 438 Case — Bethlehem Decision Explained tional and local officers referring to th: ipvarde a “slackers’ paradise” and to iron workers empl there as “scabs,” “rattlers,” “yellow dogs” <3 “slackers.” In conclusion, Mr. Drew says: “It ild great service to those charged with the resnongi} of production if the board would make the clear dis. tinction between the right of a worker to the union and the right of a union to institute a systom, organizing campaign against peaceful establich. ments. Certainly if it is held that the union has em right, it is obvious that it should be accompa by some very material and definite conditions and fications if disorganization and disaster ar avoided in essential war industry.” atic Invitation to Unionize There can be no doubt that the leaders of organized labor regard the “declaration of principles,” adopted a; the platform of the National War Labor Board. as ap invitation to unionize every industry that is regarded RalUCU as worth the trouble and this in spite of the fact Lb that the adoption of the declaration and the creation of the board had for their chief object, according to an official announcement, the holding of an even bal- ance between employers and employees, between cap- ital and labor for the duration of the war. The Na. tional War Labor Board was appointed as the result of a labor conference participated in by representa- tives of both employers and employees for the purpose under competent authority would prevent either cap- ital or labor from using the war emergency to secure any advantage. The Bridgeport Controversy In the case of the Bridgeport, Conn., wage adjust ment, the National War Labor Board has been obliged for the first time to call in an umpire to break a dead- lock of the full board, the section which heard the having previously disagreed and referred the case to the full board for a decision. The original se- tion was composed of Frederick N. Judson and Frank P. Walsh, chairmen, Loyall A. Osborne and William H. Johnston. ng case There was some dissatisfaction among the union members in a few shops because of the delay in the announcement of the award and at a meeting held Aug. 14 it was voted to go on a strike of protest against further delay. At noon, Aug. 15, about 800 men from the Remington and a few other plants wet out, but at a meeting that night it was voted to sume work. This action resulted from the receipt of a telegra from Chairman Walsh and Mr.,Johnston urging te workers to refrain from stopping. production until = award could be handed down. The message said that the board having disagreed, the matter would be ferred to Otto M. Eidlitz, Director of the Housing 3 reau, Department of Labor, who had accepted the P* sition of umpire and would begin immediate consice? tion of the various phases of the matter on which ™ Board could not agree. The telegram from Chairman Walsh was 4 °°" dential message to Samuel Lavit, district agent of the Machinists’ Union. The Bridgeport Telegram quoted the substance of the message as follows: “Mr. von stated in the message that he confidently looked for 8 decision from the board that will substantially ™°* with the demands of the machinists for a mms wage. The telegram further stated that not only would the award of the board be a decision in the re S local it would establish a labor precedent e wage scales throughout the country.” The Bethlehem Case nee to the question that has arisen con- ird’s application of the 8-hr. day to the Co. controversy, the War Labor Board following official statement: made public under the authority of the Board on Aug. 4 with respect to the he case of the Bethlehem Steel Co. it that the basic 8-hr. day had ben applied ny’s plant at Bethlehem, Pa In this was in error, since the application of was not included in the finding The now and has applied in the machine n It does not apply, under the War De- etation of the 8-hr. law, to those branches plant engaged upon the production of steel or other unfinished products made for hes at Bethlehem the present workday re- nder the findings of the board, the only i with regard to the basic day being to de- me beyond the usual workday should be com- t the rate of time and half time and that work holidays should be paid for at the rate of ind that in the fixing of piece rates provisions ertime payment as now provided in the case Cases Assigned \ National War Labor Board has made the follow- gnment of cases to sections of the board, one each representing labor and one representing P. Walsh and Frederick N, Judson, the joint chair- senting the public Controversy between Smith s Co. and its employees at Springfield, Mass.: re- board by the War Department 4. Olander and C. Edwin Michael Controversy Stove Mounters’ International Union, Local No, 8 state Stove Co. of Hamilton, Ohio The question this case is whether the company, which has ted closed union shop up to date, should be required same conditions in a new factory recently ration “ on and John F. Perkins: Controversy between gamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Work- North America, and the Southern California Iron & I Angeles, Cal., involving a demand for recog- nion by the company, increased wages and 4 hours rin and B. L. Worden Controversy between sey State Association of Electrical Workers, A. Gillespie Co., South Amboy, N. J The com- workers is that the company has discrimindted bers of the union in its employ ruerin and Worden: Controversy between build- ns and employers of Cleveland, involving the a wage scale for unskilled labor nder and W. H. Van Dervoort: Controversy be- Labor Union 16104 A. F. of L. and the Emer- g tingham Mfg. Co., Batavia. II involving demand t t of wages and hours, and the application of () r s of the National War Labor Board it ’ Wilkinson and Perkins: Controversy between the < and employees in its wrought iron pipe plant affecting approximately 1200 workers, and ng to the company, an attempt to compel wage scale of the Amalgamated Association 1 Tin Workers rt and Mr. Michael: Controversy between the League and the Metal Trade Employers. involving a demand for the basic 8-hr. day ises i Savage and Mr. Rice: Controversy between ociation of Machinists and Klieber & Dawson involving right of workers to join trade ir of molestation by employers ry " nd labor member, not yet named: Contro- “Rigel ‘he Amalgamated Association of Iron, Stee] and the +} ; ss ; e American Sheet & Tin Plate Co., in its ved vyood, Ind Martins Ferry, Ohio: Cambridge, leh + > . . . \sh c e, Pa., and Sharon, Pa., involving the right ra rganize and to bargain collectively. ‘ & Huschart Machinery Co., Chicago, com- 15 its. twentieth year in business. August 1918 THE IRON AGE 139 Machine for Milling Scarfs in Plates The Newton Machine Too! Works, Inc., Twenty-third and Vine streets, Philadelphia, has recently brought out a deck plate scarf milling machine. Some of the teresting features about tie machine are the use of self-contained cross-rail, provision for accurate dupli cation of the various bevel angles and the securing of the necessary variation in speed by a gearbox without removing any gears. The base has an oil pan cast integral with it and contains the pump, piping and necessary attachments for conveying lubricant to the point at which the mill ing cutters operate. The upper surface of the base is finished to serve as a work table, 110 in. long and 57 in i Bevels or Scarfs in the Edges of Stee! Deck Plates Are Pro duced by the Milling Method in a Recently Developed Ma chine Provided with Means to Secure Accurate Dur tion of Angles wide, for clamping the plates. In the surface a number of T-slots run parallel with the cross-rail from end to end of the table, and aligning slots are planed at right angles to these. This arrangement of slots together with a number of drilled holes for locating stops to take the side thrust of the cut, is relied upon to per mit the plates to be located in the most convenient position for work and hold them square. Separate sets of uprights which are mounted on the base are pro vided to take care of the various angles at which bevels are milled by the machine. Each pair of uprights has an angle for its particular scarf and provision is made through the use of aligning keys to insure exact dupli- sation of position when changes are made from one set of uprights to another. The cross-rail was orginally designed to be portable and is therefore self-contained. The head has a geared feed in both directions of 9 ft. and the spindle saddle has a hand cross adjustment on the rail. The construc tion of the saddle is heavy and includes the narrow guide aligning feature. A vertical adjustment of 10 in by a rack controlled by a worm and wormwheel by hand movement is provided for the spindle sleeve. The machine is driven by a 25-hp. motor which trans- mits power to a speed change gearbox located at the back of the left upright. This box provides six speed changes through gears mounted on sliding sleeves and controlled by two latch levers. The connections be tween the motor and the gearbox and between the latter and the horizontal driving shaft on the cross-rail, are made by spur gears. From the hori zontal driving shaft the power is transmitted to the spindle by a worm and wormwheel, both of which are incased to give continuous lubrication. The worm is of hardened steel fitted with roller thrust bearings and the wormwheel has a bronze ring with teeth of steep lend. 2 construction common to all of the build er’s machines. The motion for the feed is taken from the right side of the cross-rail, and three changes are provided by gears. This feed is available in both direc- tions by a clutched double train of bevel gears at the right end of the cross-rail which are fully protected by guards. The George H. Smith Steel Casting Co., 500 Clinton Street, Milwaukee, has awarded contracts for the con- struction of a large heat-treating furnace unit. 440 Babbitt and Babbitted Bearings Superior resistance to deformation at the working temperatures of bearings was found to be possessed by a lead-base babbitt metal as compared with one having a tin base in a series of experiments carried out in the chemical laboratory of the Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh. These results are embodied i: a paper to be presented at the Milwaukee meeting of the American Institute of Mining Engineers by Jesse metallurgist of that company. In making these tests, three different babbitts having composition represented in the accompanying table were used | Jones, i B ( Ant mn $4 14 Copper o S Nil ead Ni N 7s Disks, 4 in. in diameter and 1% in. thick were made, pyrometer leads being soldered in the center of each disk. The disks were heated by an electric hot plate, the heating being controlled by rheostats, and the ther- mocouple leads were connected to a potentiometer for measuring the temperatures. The Brinell hardness tests were made on the bottom surfaces of the disks, and a series of curves plotted with temperature and Brineli hardness numbers as the coordinates. The hardness of the A and the C babbitts was identical at C., but the latter had the greater hardness above this point. The curves for the other two babbitts were prac tically parallel and not far apart, proached each other. The result of these tests is confirmed. by the experience of the company in con- nection with the bearings in a great variety of its mo- tors. The number of deformed bearings that had to be rebabbitted was about 100 per month with the A bab- bitt, while not more than six per month needed renewing when the C composition was employed. These results have led to the adoption of the latter for all classes of machines and the complete elimination of the tin-base babbitt. To determine the effect of compression of babbitt o1 35 deg. and slowly ap- also its Brinell hardness, two phosphor-bronze plates meas uring 2 side and % in. thick were machined all over. One face was then tinned and babbitted with 1, in. of the B metal in one case, and the C metal in the other. The babbitt was machined to % in. and the samples subjected to a Compressive test so designed that the load would be distributed as uniformly as possible in. on a The successive loads and the corresponding Brine! hardness tests are given in the accompanying table B Babbitt C Babbitt u Lt mpre or Comy Sq. lr I Brinel li } s 500 0.0020 o>.¢ +00 1000 0.0020 3.¢ 0.0026 93 0006 0.005 3.6 0.0031 24 2 ODF 0.0085 t 0.00382 94 8 00f 0.0140 t.6 0.0105 24.8 It will be noticed that the lead-base babbitt C with stood compression better than the one having a tin base, although when the load was increased to 30,000 lb. per sq. in., the latter presented the better appearance, since the babbitt has flowed uniformly in all directions ove the edge of the bronze square, while the lead-base metal compressed more on one side than on the other. The bronze also flowed appreciably at a load of 30,000 Ib. From these tests, it is apparent that broaching, peening, etc., do not appreciably increase the hardness of the babbitt metal and this hardness must be obtained by quickly cooling the lining by water-cooled mandrels, et« The Bureau of Industrial Housing and Transporta tion has completed its housing project for Bridgeport, Conn. Bridgeport is one of the half dozen most con- gested munitions cities in the country. Contracts have been awarded there for housing accommodations suffi- cient to take care of 600 fmailies. Building has already been begun on four sites, so chosen as to make them available for all of the munitions manufactories of the city. The bureau expects also to build dormitory ac- commodations for about 1000 workmen at Bridgeport. THE IRON AGE August 29 Hot Blast-Furnace Slag Make. Large quantities of blast-furnace s) the burgh district are disposed of, according News-Record, by dumping it to form r: ments and to fill areas of low ground be utilized as industrial sites. Molter several miles in short trains of special |: are { open-hearth slag is also disposed of in | About 1,600,000 tons of refuse is so dist The hot materia! is said to have proved tory for railroad embankments. Transporting and dumping the molt special class of business on the Union R id. y is a terminal line serving principally three of th, plants of the Carnegie Steel Co. in the Mononoshs valley. These include the Edgar Thomson works Duquesne works, and the Homestead plant wi auxiliary the Carrie furnace, at Rankin. They hay, total of 24 blast furnaces. Later the railroad y also the Clairton plant, with three furnacs Slag output from the 24 furnaces has 2,000,000 tons per year for several years, and 80 per cent of this is disposed of by dumping in | condition, mainly along the line of the Union Rai) Its weight in the dump averages 2800 per cu Most of the molten slag not used in this way is g lated for use in the manufacture of portland ce: and for temporary ballast, yard filling on the railway. In addition to blast-furnace slag, there is filling’? which averages more than 100 ears or 50001 per day. This includes open-hearth slag, ashes and g other kinds of refuse shipped from the mills. It is us in making fills for plants, railway embankments and yards. Large quantities are turned over to the Besse. mer & Lake Erie Railroad for similar use on its lines After all this supply for useful purposes there is st a large amount that must be disposed of as waste. for disposal of the molten slag and cold waste the Carnegie Steel Co. has acquired low-value ground in tracts of 60 to 400 acres along the line of the Union Railroad. The largest is at Mifflin Summit, where dumping of molten slag has been in progress for about five years, and will continue for many years. The site is at the headwaters of some small streams and pre sented filling accommodations for 30,000,000 to 40,00), 000 cu. yd., depending upon the final elevation of the Of the smaller tracts, 60 to 100 acres each, some are for hot filling and others for cold filling. This facilitates operations and trouble from fires starting in the cold filling. ballast and sp surface. avoids Would Prevent Rent Profiteering WASHINGTON, Aug. 20—Reports of rent profiteering in munition areas and other war industry centers have nereased to such an extent that the Labor Policies Board has decided to ask Congress to give the Presi- dent power to end such conditions. The board has ap- proved the principle of a bill submitted by the Bureal of Industrial Housing and Transportation designed t prevent rent profiteering. The Housing Bureau reported that certain landlords in munitions areas are endanger ng the national defense by unreasonable and excessivé rental charges. It was reported that municipal author ties which lack the power to deal with the evil have appealed to the Federal Government, and that the w# production departments have found that extortionate rentals are creating industrial discontent and are riously retarding war production. In its resolution the Policies Board petitioned (™ gress to extend to other war workers the same effect'® protection against profiteering which was accorded "a workers under the Naval Emergency Fund act. The bill presented would authorize the President for the 4 riod of the war to control rental charges in certain * tricts and to requisition all rights and interests ™ those areas where reside industrial workers who are engage? in arsenals, shipyards, navy yards, other federal age cies, and in industries connected with and essent#! 7 the national defense. Bethlehem Ore Bridge Built in 65 Days GE ‘ ew bridge DEMOLISHED ORE BRIDGES AND THE READY FOR OPERATION IN 65 DAYS general view of bridge No. 1, which nately in the center of runway. e-up view of east end of bridge No a of runway Rapid Reconstruction of Structures of the Bethlehem Steel Co., Two Destroyed ng of May 27, 1918, Bethlehem, Pa., by a severe rain, wind and electrical h developed at certain points the de tornado. Trees several feet in di visted off and uprooted, and generally, havoc in its wake. ver the steel works of the Bethlehem particular attention to the two Hoover ges with the result that they both tally demolished. These two bridges iy running due north and south, and lirection of the storm was southerly, tures offered the maximum area to wind holding mechanism of the northern illowed this bridge to travel approxi- striking the second bridge on center of tarting it off with tremendous impetus, the high gale, drove the bridge with approximately 30 miles an hour over the cks. At this point the bridge supporting the trucks and collapse occurred, as in gy. | After hitting and starting the sec its way the to destruction, id collapsed; first bridge see Fig. 2 mY X Six. {lv fe a a 5 general view of No. 2 tely on the site bridge, which is on which new bridge tion of new ready ore bridge to start on July 20 operations 441 by Replacing a Violent Che 1iOss O i ridg serious handicap, pa ilar] placed in storage r winte sands of tons are trans vards awaiting l iding come to a great extent \ ( on top of the ore p les and <« ‘ar dump bi y me f cars By this method of unl was enabled to handle the satisfactory manner, at, howev The necessity for replacit vital importar nd this art to call attention to the speed of re time the new ridge was practically from the ore and The bridges were wrecked The work of demol