The Iron Age 1917-06-14: Vol 99 Iss 24

ABLISHED 1855 ) A System for Rejuvenating Machine Tools Outline of Methods Employed in Large Chi- cago Plant for Rebuilding Used Machines Interesting Features of Shop Equipment B CAUSE of the increasing difficulty in obtain judgment which experi alone give Before ng satisfactory deliveries of new machine outlining the method ed, a rve) i} tools, second-hand or used machines have and equipment will be given, and that these are well a place of importance in the machinery field worth a visit is a conclusion reached by all w have ond that of previous years, a situation which accepted the company’s invitatior rs the following account of the system pur- Hill, Clarke & Co. of Chicago, in rebuilding DETAILS OF SHOP CONSTRUCTION remanufacturing” such tools, of interest, not In the Douglas Park section of Chicag n which those who purchase them, but to buyers and are situated some great industrial plants, such as ers as well. The company’s faith in its project those of the Western Electric Company and Joseph storing, so far as possible, all the essential T. Ryerson & Sons, Hill, Clarke & Co. have in opera nts of a new machine is evidenced by its heavy’ _ tion a plant designed by F. E. Davidson, indust tment in a large and well-equipped plant, with en a roomy, light interior, on a site which leaves plenty ft., the floor space approximating that of Chicago’ ' space for expansion as the need arises. Coliseum. It is of brick and steel construction, and The methods to be described are the culmination one story in height, with 40 ft. from floor to roof 15 years in handling second-hand tools; in other Through the center of the building is a single row ords, they are the result of steady development of steel columns, otherwise the entire area is unob- ng that period of time, and based on the ripened structed. Two 75-ft. span Pawling & Harnisch gineer and architect. The building is 160 x 360 nhgers for ; s da to Pieces Which Are Clamped to I-Beams, the Strength of the Latter Being r the Line nt amen te Rivet or Bolt Holes and the Shaft Rendered Movable 1427 1428 THE IRON AGE June 19] desired. In the center of ing is another shaft convey for operating working though principally used for t manufactured tools. This bolted to channels which a: by the columns. The floor otf is of cement with a top dr granite screenings, which is f productive of dust. The sho) are placed laterally across an arrangement which has be: satisfactory. They are mov: constructed of cast-iron legs y wood tops. In a general way, it ma that there are two methods of a used machine tool preparat again placing it on the market being merely to give it a good ing and make slight replacem: second, to dismantle the machi Testing the Bed of a 16 x 96-In. Grinding Macl e with a Sharpe Straight Edge, the Machir Being Cour Rebuile shows rrangen t ¢ ‘ Ws tem of 1 feger cranes traverse the length of the building, one being 40 tons capacity and the other 10 tons. The roof slopes to the center of the structure. Placed laterally across the roof are eight skylights, each 65 ft. long. As shown in the accompanying illustrations the windows are in two parallel rows, the bottom of the lower row being 8 ft. from the floor; this arrangement has the triple effect of dif- fusing light throughout the shop, preventing light from shining directly into the of the workmen and allowing generous space for radiation. In some of the illustrations the coils of steam pipes operated on the vacuum system are conspicuous. It might also be observed that the high windows allow of greater safety from intruders at times when the shop is idle, and also lessen the likelihood of the employees’ attention being unnecessarily dis- tracted from their work. The skylights have steam coils around their bases, which obviate condensation on the glass as well as assisting in heating. A switch from a belt-line railroad, which serves all the lines entering Chicago, en- ables a track to run through one end of the building. In this connection it should be noted that the large doors at the opposite end of the shop are of such height that any machine which is brought into the building on a flat car can be removed on a motor truck. o! eves SUPPORT CLAMPED I-BEAMS LINE-SHAFT TO Along one side of the build- ing is a line shaft carrying power to lathes, gear-cutting, hobbing and buffing machines, etc., the supporting hangers of which are fastened to small steel pieces, which in turn are clamped to an I-beam. In the latter, therefore, are no holes to impair its strength, while an additional advantage is that the shaft can be moved at will, even to the extent of placing it on another wall if adiation tirely, scrutinize every part, plane scrape bearing surfaces, replace y parts, such as gears, bushings, screws etc., polish, refinish, and then reasse: ble the machine and subject it to a running test and it is doing all this which justifies the express “remanufacturing,” on which Hill, Clarke & Co. la emphasis. 10-Ft ling Brown View «& also ADVANTAGE OF SPECIALISTS RECOGNIZED So far as possible, the practice of the compar is to segregate the handling of various types of machines; that is, one group of men ordinarily handles milling and gear-cutting machines, another gives its attention to boring mills and boring ma- chines, another handles planers, etc., the idea being to have certain men thoroughly familiar with cer tain types of tools and their construction. Int dismantling of a machine the small parts are pla in metal pans, each of which appropriate labeled, badly worn parts being laid aside for r pairs or entire replacement in the machine depar' ment. All the other parts go to buffing machines, where they are repolished, a process which f Se X | is Horizontal Boring Mill Completely Dismantled in shop of Hill, Clarke & © In the foreground is a large gear, the teeth of which are badly damage¢ june 14, 1917 uently discloses defects which indi- ate that the attention of the machine lepartment is further needed. The main casting is cleaned, and he old paint scraped, preparatory to coat of filler. It is then sanded lown, and given a coat of shellac be- re paint is applied. No preference s given to any machine in this re- spect, all receiving a new coat of paint, inside and out. RUNNING TESTS BEFORE SHIPMENT Rearing surfaces are tested for curacy with Brown & Sharpe straight edges up to 10 ft. in length, ilso with surface plates. In the test- ng, if surfaces are found to be wrong, they are planed before being craped to a fit. The running test is iccomplished by belting to the central ne shaft already referred to, or with THE IRON AGE 142° portable motor-driven testing outfit. Three of the latter are available, one !laning | being designed for heavy machines. __ troubk Countershafts are tested for balance and the pulleys for grip. In stock are carried machinery steel, steel and ronze tubing, steel and iron gear blanks, and small parts and attachments for standard tools, all con tained in racks or bins, sorted and labeled, making them readily accessible. The tool room contains a supply of cutters, hobs, drills, reamers, screws, keys, gages, straight edges and the numerous other ap- purtenances of a tool room. A checking system is used whereby a glance discloses the identity of the individual who is using a tool or device. It follows that in a plant of this description many nice problems arise as to the best method of repairing worn or defective parts. Not always is the original design of a part adhered to, as there sometimes arise cases where the original design may be improved by being rendered stronger or more rigid, or more productive. A hexagonal turret has been placed on a machine on which a round one was originally used, the result being that six tools w* Rebuilt Horizontal Boring Mill Ready for Assembly Bearing surfaces have been renewed, and all parts cleaned and repolished. The bright gears are new can be used on the rebuilt as originally by turning up the bearings in a lathe, then shrinking on tubing, the material being better metal than the machine, instead of tour intended. Spindles have been improved worn piece of Shelby spindle itself In a case of this kind the strengthened spindlk runs in a new bushing of bronze. In one instance the badly worn and damaged teeth of a rack which had been cast as a part of the base of a machine were milled from the piece, and an entirely new rack of steel substituted. In the illustration of a planing job on the hot ings of a 5l-in. boring mill is operation. On examination it that the bearing surfaces were not in alignment, nor were they parallel, possibly a result of the internal read justment of an unseasoned casting. The last-named defect is something which can be permanently cor rected in a remanufactured machine. It has been noted by the workmen of the com- pany that nearly every ma chine which enters its shop is more or less defective by rea- shown an unusual was found son of a cast part which is out of true or alignment re sultant from warping. The fault is invariably readily discernible, if the large, piece is when a straight edge is applied. Even milling ma- chine tables have been found to show the effect of interna! strains in a casting which had not been sufficiently before use. The largest machine rebuilt by Hill, Clarke & Co. of Chi- cago was a 72 x 72-in. weighing 72,000 lb. machines are considered among the most difficult to re build. They must be made to execute accurate work, and to run and as possible. In planers instances have been found where the plate had buckled until the casting was convex to a degree which al- SPA zoned planer Planing smoothly rebuilding as quietly 1420 lowed the bearings to rest for only a few inches at either end of the V’s. The company employs from 50 to 75 machin- ists and helpers, who are encouraged to give sugges- tions as to the best way of accomplishing the work in hand, their thought and effort being stimulated by a bonus system. They are provided with enam- eled equipment for washing up, with steel lockers and other conveniences. The: foremen have access to a file which contains a large number of catalogs and circulars descriptive of the machines on which they are working, enabling them to post themselves on the views of the manufacturers. The selling side of the organization makes con- 7 THE IRON AGE June 14, } stant use of photographs. Lists enumerating briefly describing the stock on hand are sent to p pective purchasers, and therewith notice that “picture book” will be sent on request. The lat are pages on which appear halftones of the chines, with numbers corresponding to those in lists. The company makes its own photographs, through this medium has sold a large number tools, especially for export. With the invoic: each export shipment is sent two photographs each machine purchased, so that the purchaser readily visualize what he is buying. From offices and warerooms in the machinery district Chicago visitors are motored to the plant. Industrial Medical Service of the Future’ Radical Changes in Relationships of Physicians to Come native for N the strikingly evolutionary programs of the twentieth century no group of individuals are about to have their oldtime relationships more radically changed than the physicians. Many factors, social and economic, will be responsible. Some of these most evolutionary changes will promptly and voluntarily -come from within the profession, others will be forced upon the profession. It is evident that we have for all time passed beyond the stage of the absolutely individ- ual and personal relationship of family physician and patient, to one where the community steps in to safe- guard itself against any abuse of this circumscribed relationship and demands collective action in matters of health for the benefit of all. The concentration of population in cities has developed problems beyond the control of the private physician. In the train of density of population have come the tenement sweatshop, bad hous:ng and living conditions, tuberculosis, alcoholism, venereal disease, poverty, delin- quency and crime. The development of industry with its occupational hazards, has created another series of health impairments which the family physician may have the knowledge to alleviate but whose prevention is entirely beyond his control. The establishment of the public health department was a partial answer to these new social requirements. Unemployment, seasonal employment, the physically unfit, the unemployable, the industrial hobo, the labor turnover, all loom up as medical and social problems of such huge size as to spell defeat of their solution. Broad Prevention Obtainable Through Industry Society is realizing that the problems of industry are largely its problems—that the major portion of the community is engaged in industry—that when badly administered, it is therefore a menace to the peace, health and happiness of the whole community. When properly administered it is of inestimable value, socially and economically. Whatever industry does, because of its size, is impressive. We are indebted to the proponents of social insur- ance for setting forth the direct relationship between poverty and disease, for emphasizing the economic ad- vantage to society of grappling vigorously with the problem of disease, for pointing out the shortcomings and the inadequacy of present medical service. The argument has crystallized recognition of the immense contribution that scientific preventive medicine should make to the nation’s better health. But in the un- fortunate haste to legislate and their intolerance of further discussion, they have not taken time to write *From an address by Dr. Otto P. Geier, medical director ‘Cincinnati Milling Machine Company, Cincinnati, presiding at the preventive-medicine section of the American Medical Association, Biltmore Hotel, New York, June 6. Compulsory Sickness Industrial Dispensaries as the Alter- Insurance into their instrument the fundamentals that disease and thereby prevent poverty. It is not our purpose to decry compulsory-sickness insurance but to present a partial program for the socialization of medicine which will be worth while for itself, but which incidentally must finally become the foundation of any rational health-insurance plan against which will be found but few opponents. Inasmuch as the proposed health insurance bill revo- lutionizes the relationships of the physician, we are by that act immediately threatened with a new future for the practice of medicine. Is it not timely, therefore, that the medical profession should decide what that future shall be? The subject of adequate medical service is of vital interest to the wage earner, the political economist, the physician, the employer and the public. Ours is an effort through group practice or a symposium to diag nose our social miseries and then to write a prescrip tion. It is fair to assume that if a program can be devised that will meet the needs of the individual it car probably be extended advantageously to meet the needs of the community. Now what are the individual social needs? attack 1. Heaith, so that he may work effectively and so earn good wage. 2. An industry free from health and accident hazards 3. A healthful home accessible to his work. 1. Intelligent medical care in time of illness. Protection to his home and industry. ' 6. Good schools which safeguard the health of his « aren 7. A health department which will protect his fam against contagious diseases and safeguard his food suppli 8. Healthful recreation for himself and family. It will be seen at a glance that his success and hap- piness is all predicated on his health and that of his family; that this health is possible only through col- lective action; that the family physician only appears when some health agency has failed to prevent disease For the reason that most physicians are still individual istic and have failed to recognize that health is no longer a personal matter, a discussion of the necessar) changes in the practice of medicine is timely. If war has proved anything it is that military suc- cess is dependent upon industrial efficiency of the coun- try. The health of the industrial units has loomed up as of paramount importance. We are equally concerned with the health of individuals in these units in peace times since they form the major portion of the com- munity. Industrial Hygiene a Big Field for Medical Practice Perhaps the greatest change that has come in medi- cal practice has been the development of the field of industrial hygiene. It is now taking the whole time of e 14, 1917 inds of physicians in the “medical supervision and of employees” and it would seem that the begin- has just been made. No doubt this latter situation een stimulated by workmen’s compensation acts, is equally due to the awakening social conscious- the part of the manufacturer. He has learned the health of the worker is a definite asset in his s. Medical care in industry is not a charity. ys good dividends. trong contrast to compulsory-sickness insurance istrial-dispensary plan assures constant watch- over the health of the industrial worker, and to light economic pressure for the elimination istrial hazards. At the same time the wage of the raised because such care his ca- for work and therefore further reduces the ty for charity in one form or another. You a new arm of the health department and make le preventive medicine eamed of. loes not take much imagination, therefore, to fore time when practically all of the industrial work- be under daily supervision through industrial aries. For the first time, then, we can begin ect accurate data on morbidity. The very limited tration area reflects the backward state of scien reventive medicine. Absence from work is an ic question, and industry is going to know the why a man is off from work and from what he is suffering. As to the claimed loss of 9 days ir per man, of $500,000,000, on account of illness, initiative, through the industrial dispensary, hown that this loss can be reduced by one-half it charge on any one but the employer and this is gladly spent because it is economically sound increases such as we have never Now the questions arise, what relationship will this dustrial medicine bear to public health work? SI | it not have some kind of supervision from the th department so that its work may be best co ted? And, lastly, would not industry co-operate ng industrial hygiene compulsory ? type of socialized medicine will be intensively tive, entirely democratic. It will discover disease neipiency. It will prevent loss from illness in- of merely paying through compulsory-sickness ce a certain fraction of that loss. It will attack such problems as bad housing, venereal alcoholism, tuberculosis, and thereby make a ntal contribution to social welfare. In com- the proposed sickness insurance legislation is palliative and tends actually to cover over and various “social ulcers.” ocialize medicine to the extent suggested, we mprove that time-honored and most desirable ship between the family physician and patient. mmediate and definite response to social need avoid the lowering of standards that are likely ne with the introduction of the panelized lan. melusion, private-health practice and public- practice must be improved. The knowledge of evention of disease, its diagnosis and cure must anced. Higher personal and ethical standards prevail. This better day will be hastened by a reneral adoption of the group-practice plan. More ist fit themselves for the distinct specialty of ial medicine. The supervision of school children school children should be extended through iblishment of school dispensaries. Hoyt, manager of the department of exhibits, in Foundrymen’s Association, has already red reservations of space for the Boston exhibi- the week of Sept. 24, exceeding the total used 1915 exhibit at Atlantic City. The number of rs who have applied is more than 100. Sizer Forge Company, Buffalo, has opened a district office at 111 Broadway, New York City, with A. Gibney, Jr., in charge. THE IRON AGE Flexible Shaft Company’s New Plant The Chicago Flexible Shaft Company, LaSalle and Ontario Streets, will move next month from its present location to a new plant at Fifty-sixth Ave nue and Twelfth Street The building is ready for occupancy, and the company’s furnace de- partment has already been transferred. ment will be contracts Chicago, Chicago. Che old equip augmented by new machinery for which were made several] The new plant is 300 x one story, of saw- tooth construction, with brick walls and concrete floors, and enables a 50 per cent increase of capacity. It has a railroad siding served by the Chicago Belt Line. It will be equipped with a private power plant, although months 490 ft., aro. it is planned to use public service current Most of the company’s machines are motor driven. The factory has approved provisions for light, ventilation and the comfort of employees. About 300 are employed at pre of garages within the ent. An unusual feature consists walls of the plant proper. of these is for motor trucks, and has an entrance to the floor of the shipping department, so that bad weather inflicts no inconvenience in loading. Another garage is for the automobiles used by the executives and officers of the company, and still another for the cars owned by subordinate employees, there being enough of these to justify an inclosed parking space. The company manufactures the Stewart oil and blast furnaces, rotary pressure blowers, pyrome- ters, and a wide line of specialties, gines, small One ras including gas en horse clipping and sheep shearing machines, electric irons, automobile and carriage heat- ete. The new plant will house all of the company’s de- partments and obviate the necessity of using scattered rented space. teols, ers, Record Copper Output in 1916 Smelter production of primary copper in the United States in 1916 was 1,928,000,000 lb., compared with 1,388,000,000 Ib. in 1915, an cent, according to the U. S. Geological y. The total production of refined copper was 2,259,387,315 Ib., an increase of about 625,000,000 lb. over that of 1915, when it was 1,634,204,448 lb. Of the 1917 output of refined copper, 1,579,620,513 lb. was electrolytic; 269,- 794,531 Ib. Lake copper; 12,469,050 lb. casting copper, and 26,868,105 lb. was pig copper. The foreign electro lytic is put at 370,635,116 lb. The output of secondary copper was 104,423,807 Ib. The apparent consumption of refined copper in the United States in 1916 is put at 1,429,755,266 lb., against 1,043,461,982 lb. in 1915. If to the 1,429,755,266 lb. of new refined copper is added the 594,423,807 Ib. of sec- ondary copper and copper in alloys produced during the year, it is found that a total of about 2,024,000,000 lb. of new and old copper was consumption. increase of 39 per Survey available for domestic The New York offices of the General Electric Com- pany will be moved June 16 from No. 30 Church Street to the Equitable Building, No. 120 Broadway, where it will occupy the entire twentieth floor. For nine years its offices have been at No. 30 Church Street, where the company located its New York of- fices when it outgrew the Edison Building, at No. 44 Broad Street. This building was originally built for the Edison General Electric Company which, in 1892, was combined with the Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form the General Electric Company. In the quarter century since the General Electric Com- pany was formed, its has increased from about $10,000,000 in sales the first year of its organization, to gross orders of $167,169,000 during the twenty-fifth year. business rrTross The Norfolk & Western Railway Company is de- parting from its usual practice by arranging to build a number of wooden coal cars to help out the general commercial situation. Exports on Tonnage Basis Decline Values in April Exceed Average of Six Months—Shipments of Not So Active—Imports WASHINGTON, June 12, 1917 While ¢ and steel by values exceeded in April the avera hi} ments of the past six months, there was a bstant lecline compared with the figures for both March and January of this year and shipments of tonnage cot modities fell to a point below that touched iny mont! since last July with the single exception of February, when a combination of circumstance ilted mi? mum exports. In view of the fact that the gen elgn commerce of the country was we istained du ing April and that the food export f the nth hi been beaten only by a small margin in Janua f tl year, the submarine campaign can hardly be edit with the downward trend of iron and ste hipment which may speedily record a substantial 1 Exports of iron and steel by valu g Apr gained 75 per cent over those of t rr month of 1916, but lost 8 per cent compa record total of March of this year. Shipment f ton nage commodities rose 38 per cent compared with tl of April, 1916, but fell 19 ps nt-short of the gr] record of last September. Exports of machins thoug! gaining 27 per cent over April, 1916, de é l pe cent as compared with the high-water mark reached last August. Shipments of machine tvols, doubtless re flecting the decreasing foreign demand for « pme! for munitions plants, declined 5 per cent from the tota of April, 1916, pared with the high record of May, 1916. tools exports for April have been exceeded two of the past 12 months. Kor the 10 months ended April, the total exports iron and steel surpassed by 90 per cent tl e of 1916, and no iess tnan | per cent a con which exceeded all previous records by m than 100 per cent. Shipments of tonnage commodities gained 50 per cent, machinery 50 per cent and machin Is 60 per cent over 1916. The value of all shipments of iron and steel product in April, 1917, $58,722,411 for the same month of 1916, and $111,164, &76 for March of this year, when high-water mark was reached. For the ten months ended April, 191 total $903,106,411 as compared with $472,1 for the same period of was $102,560, 15. as was considerably more than 100 per cent over any previou 4 . \ con Bbrewel I I C‘ash registe ' T 0 Co Z S Se il I Pumps and pumping Refrigerating and k Sewing machines Shoe machinery Sugar-mill machine Textile machinery Typesetting mac Typewriting macl Windmills Wood-working machinery, § All other All other machinery, and parts Total 1916, which was an advance of Machine Tools Are Increasing j rre sponding ven months. Exports of n \pril were valued at $21,939,582 as compared 26,899 for the same month of 1916. The Ay machinery have been exceeded but three tin I / and § April 1 rl (sro ' I" ‘Tt’ iy rons l 1S +4,48 15,87 12,966 } 201 3.4¢ A 14 11,834 Q 64 162.209 65 2,119 t H 671 ,471 H } 695 $59 1 174 2 } t ; ; ; t } 1,504 7 ( f 1, 4 ‘ ik 1 f ) +049 ( } } y j {58 - : } : i84 $ 61.960 \ 62 6,167 33,344 St, t 21.066 47.612 229,939 Ste 4,128 9,757 78,812 St 1 stee 19,999 26,431 221,894 : a ter l ¢ 21,384 19,936 175,137 ! 27,689 13,763 287,548 2 20.408 16,453 198,520 é 384.920 521,176 3,787,030 ‘ the past twelve months. Shipments of metal-working machinery aggregated $6,250,728 as against $6,552,39 for the month of 1916. Maximum metal-working machinery were recorded in May, when they aggregated $9,935,806. Exports of machine of all kinds for the ten months ended April, 1917, wer valued at $211,442,800 as compared with $140,150,% for the corresponding period of 1916, which was an ad vance of nearly 50 per cent over any preceding months. Details of the exports of machinery for A} 1916 and 1917 and for the two ten-month period given in the accompanying table. Same export 116 ‘ 7 j €818.911 } { i. 7 20.946 6 7 S81 l 102.601 > 7N¢ 1 107,22 l 1,245,999 ‘ +050 +2 } 104.158 290.287 93,950 8,264,973 160.1 12.765.07 63 2 198.1 t ‘ 1,40 529. ¢ 19.092 224 i) Z 0oa9g 153.239 6,250,728 $2,913,241 6,819 19 1S 17,456 ~ 048,292 $1.629 108,229 247,367 164, 1,241,019 ‘ } 612.64 1.461,2 ¢ 1,115,860 , » 451.814 t 237,831 2,101,939. 6.29 57.781 S7.¢ {9 726,170 944,931 7,021,721 15,516 $95,109 35,637 195,213 63,706 946,473 9 3,008,215 25,431,902 $21,939,582 $140,150,965 $ 14, 1917 «ports of iron and steel for which quantities are aggregated 521,176 gross tons in April, 1917, as _red with 384,920 tons in the same month of 1916 nber, 1916, still holds the record for exports of ommodities with a total of 643,763 gross tons. ipments in March of this year aggregated 606, For the ten months ended April, 1917, were 5,665,921 gross tons as compared 787,030 tons for the same period of 1916. An panying table shows the exports for April and ten months ended April, 1917, as compared with sS tons. hipments e upward tendency of imports noted in March istained in April, showing a gain of not less than er cent as compared with the same month of 1916 etofore, the increase was: almost wholly due to receipts of scrap. Imports of ferromanganese a record total of 6846 gross tons for the period this item has been differentiated from “all other ‘on.” The total receipts of tonnage iron and steel pril aggregated 48,213 gross tons as compared with 8 tons for the same month of 1916. The imports he ten months ended April, 1917, were 414,914 as with 250,571 in 1916. The red accompanying shows the imports of tonnage commodities fo: 1916, and for the ten months ended April, as red with 1916. } f I S Al I I and s ] , ' y hout a g t billet Moving a Blast Furnace ng a blast furnace is something new in the iror industry, but this has been undertaken by the Steel Company, which has purchased the No. 2 e of the former Canada Iron Corporation, Mid Ontario, and is now moving the entire furnace, ng stoves, boilers and buildings, in fact every it the foundations from Midland to a distance of about 400 miles. (he steel company purchased this unused furnace ise it expected that it could dismantle the plant eerect it in much quicker time than a new furnace e built under present conditions. This is a 275 tack, but it will be enlarged to a 375 to 400-ton It has four stoves, three of these being practi- ew, having been built three years ago. contract for moving the furnace and supplying al material required for its reerection and gement has been placed with Arthur G. McKee onsulting and contracting engineers, Cleveland. inned to have the furnace ready to blow in at its te in eight months from the time the work of ling it was started. Sault Ste. } workingmen’s baths, illustrated with gs showing different types of industrial bathing was presented before the American Association moting Hygiene and Public Baths at Pitts- on May 8 by August P. Windolph, treasurer of sociatiofi and a member of the firm of Werner lolph, architects, 25 West Thirty-third Street, OrkK, paper on United States Mineral Wool Co., Netcong, has closed its plant indefinitely owing to the off of new construction as a result of the war. THE IRON AGE 1433 Portable Heavy Power Shearing Machine A line of power cut-off shearing machines mounted on a set of wheels has been brought out by the Buffalo are built, the utting flat bar Buffalo. the one illu Fou 8$1Zes Company, rest, which is ’ are Forge t rated, ( i - “ ' ip to a maximum cross-section of 1%&x5 nh Round tock 1% in. in diamete l4%2-in. square bars and 9x5x9/16-in. angles can also handled The frame is built up of 3%-1 teel armor plat \ 15-hp. motor ipplies the power for operating the nachine, a jaw clutch being employed for starting and t Double back gears of cast iron with cut opping. eth are provided and the driving pinion on the motor of stee The pl ingers are large and have cast-ro! guides. The bearings are bushed with bronze and have ring oili gy aevice If de sired, ticht and loose pulley for a belt drive can be provided in place of an electri motor Austrian Steel Syndicate Dissolved According to a report from Zurich, Switzerlan¢ published in the London lron and Coal Trade Re the Austrian Steel Syndicate has been dissolved, afte an existence of over 30 years order to avoid a cor t with the new laws against “profiteering,” and as a result the share of all Austriar ron and ter com panies have fallen considerably in value. The collapse of the trust onstitutes a eriou blow to German industrial influence in Austria, a t was backed by German pital and was ipported by the German iron and steel interests Chile’s copper mine output in 1916 was nearly 20,000 tons greater than in 1915 The hipments figured as fine copper, in the ba concentrates and ores, were 71,430 tons against 52,081 tons in 191 These the highest figure pper industry of Unil¢ are ever attained in th The increase due to the greater output at Chuquicamata and Teniente, the plant of the former mines having been increased so that the 1917 output will probably exceed the increase in 191f Harrison, N. J changed to The Driver-Harris Wire Company, has filed that its name ha Driver-Harris Company. While wir portant part of the company’s factures largely alloys and pure metals in the form of strip, rods, sheets and heater cords and wire rope. notice heen makes up an im production, it manu castings, also flexible 143 FERROMANGANESE SUPPLIES Domestic Production at Record Rate—Imports and the Quantity Available Ferromanganese production, and that of spiegel- eisen as well, has made rapid strides in the United States in the past eight months. The output of the former is now practically 20,000 tons per month, and that of the latter nearly 19,500 tons per month. In view of war conditions and the rapid increase in our steel production, these facts are of vital importance. The domestic ferromanganese output since last Oc- tober, the first month in which over 20,000 tons was ever made, is given in the following table as compiled from the blast-furnace returns of THE IRON AGE, spiegeleisen being also included for comparison: Ferromanganese Spiegeleiser October, 1916 21,374 13,192 tobb November 24.994 14.975 December 19,632 24.035 13.667 January, 1917 21,130 17,662 8,792 PGRTORIY 26 600 ac 19,942 12,19 2,137 March . Tee 18,529 18,034 6,963 April .. So : . 17,989 22,94 ’ May — 20,722 23,079 Totals ; 159,999 155,431 15,430 Average per month for & months tie iin Ree 19,429 1,428 Average per month in 1916 18,461 16,166 1,627 If this rate of production is maintained through- out 1917, the output for this year will exceed all rec- ords, and will consist of 240,000 tons of ferroman- ganese and 233,000 tons of spiegeleisen, as compared with 221,532 tons and 194,002 tons respectively in 1916. Of almost equal importance are the imports of British ferromanganese. While these are not as large this year as they were in 1916 and previous years, they have not been seriously curtailed. The following table gives the data: (ross Tons January saat §,211 February .... ihe 6,379 BEE, Sigic cyl g ahs ; 5,324 POGUE 68s ee 6,846 month at ah 6,190 1916 1,977 Average per Average per month in If the present import rate is maintained in 1917, the total imports will aggregate 74,400 tons, compared with 90,928 tons in 1916. According to these compila- tions, the total available supply of ferromanganese in 1917 will approximate 315,000 tons. Amount of Ferromanganese Necessary Assuming that our steel output in 1917 will reach 45,000,000 tons, and that 74 per cent of this is open- hearth steel, as in 1916, with two-fifths of the Bes- semer steel output absorbing only spiegeleisen as high earbon steel, we have the following as the estimated amount of ferromanganese necessary this year, at 17 Ib. per ton of steel produced: Gross Tons 3,300,000 open-hearth stl 45,000,000 « 0.74 2 .vo 45,000,000 33,300,000 11,700,000 Bessemer steel 11,700,000 x 2/5 1.680.000 high irbon Bessemer steel 11,700,000 4,680,000 7,020,000 low carbon Bes emer steel 7,020,000 10,320,000 steel requiring ferromanganese 306.000 ferron ! 33,300,000 40,320,000 x 17 685.440.000 lb ranese necessal in 1917 To meet this estimated consumption of 306,000 tons of ferromanganese in 1917, we have 240,000 tons as the calculated output of our own furnaces, and an ap- parently assured import supply of about 70,000 tons, or a total of 310,000 tons. A shortage does not seem imminent if present conditions prevail. American and British Ore Supply The ore supply is an important factor in the analysis of this subject. Imports into the United States in 1917 are very large thus far, exceeding the phenomenal record made in 1916. In January they were 49,530 gross tons, in February 39,796 tons, and in March 56,394 tons, making 145,720 tons to April 1. THE IRON AGE June | 17 This is at the rate of 48,573 tons per month, « that of 1916, which was 48,026 tons per mo this rate the 1917 imports will be nearly 583, against 576,321 tons in 1916. Of the latter per cent came from Brazil. The ore situation in Great Britain is not able. The imports to May 1, 1917, have bee) rate of 30,649 tons per month, comparing wit] tons per month to May 1, 1916, and with 31, per month in 1916 and 36,625 tons per month 3efore the war the rate was over 50,600 month, as in 1913. A maintenance of at lea tons per month is necessary in order for Great to keep up her shipments to us. Tying Contracts Disapproved WASHINGTON, June 12, 1917.—Agreement nically known as “tying contracts” have been ; der the ban by the Federal Trade Commission, has issued an order against the A. B. Dick Con of Illinois to cease making sales of mimeograp} ditioned upon the purchase by the buyers of the | and materials’ supplied by the Dick Company. commission holds that the methods pursued by Dick Company are in violation of section 3 ot Clayton Act, which prohibits tying contracts w) the effect may be to substantially lessen competit or tend to create a monopoly. This is the first adjudication by any tribunal o an alleged violation of section 3 of the Clayton Act which was passed October 15, 1914. The commission finds that the tying contract as employed by the Dick Company prevents all other manufacturers from sell- ing their supplies for use on the Dick machines, and that these conditions have imposed burdens on the users of the Dick machines by compelling them to pay an increased price for the Dick supplies over what they would be required to pay for the supplies of com- petitors. Decrease in Steel Corporation’s Orders The monthly statement of the United States Stee! Corporation shows unfilled orders on its books as of May 31, 1917, of 11,886,591 tons, which is a decrease of 296,492 tons from the amount reported April 30, 1917, which was 12,183,083 tons, a record showing. The report for May is next to the largest, however, ever made, the unfilled orders for March, 1917, rank- ing third. The following table gives the unfilled ton- nage at the end of each month from January, 1°14: 1917 1916 1915 1914 January 11,474,054 922,767 4,248,571 4,613,685 February 11,576,697 8,568,966 4,345,371 5,026,440 March 11,711,644 9,331,001 4,255,749 4,653,825 April 12,183,083 9,829,551 4,162,244 4,277,068 May .11,.886.591 9,937,798 4,264,598 3,998,160 SUG. oink oce-uke oe eee 9,640,458 4,678,196 4,032,851 GUS cu a ae n-ne aie eee 9,593,592 4,928,540 4,158,589 PUBORE iiss cvek! eee 9,660,357 4,908,445 4,213,331 September 9,522,584 5,317,618 2,787,667 CEE xn dic c-o% eta ene 10,015,260 6,165,452 3,461,09) NGVORIDER iis iam Sek seees 11,058,542 7,189,489 3,324,592 DSCHINOR? 620155 22a ee 11,547,286 7,806,220 3,836,643 Motor trucks are being used with success by some manufacturers to facilitate the arrival of freight ship- ments, according to R, E. Chamberlain, truck sales manager for a Detroit motor company. Traffic con- gestion has become so great in some large manufac- turing centers that loaded freight cars often remain for days just outside the terminal, and cannot be brought to the freight warehouses for iack of track facilities. Consignees in a number of instances have sent motor trucks out to the point where the cars £0 stalled, and there unloading the freight. A full holiday with a half day’s pay was granted the employees of the Stowell Company, founder and manufacturer of farm and wagon hardware, 50u™ Milwaukee, Wis., for flag-raising exercises, which w*ré held on registration day, June 5. Fred W. Roger president of the company, delivered an address, Phillips Boyer, who has been continuously in the * of the company 28 years, raised the flag. r Hammering, Pressing or Rolling Fields of the Press and the Hammer Relative Inferiority of Rolled Products Armor Plates BY JOHN ist be well melted, well poured and properly worked so as to produce maximum flow in the direc of testing. If flow must be given in other directions [': obtain the highest physical results on test, steel mt hould be given as early as possible and the fina be in the direction of testing. Often it happer tne stresses In an engineering member are not n one direction. Then it is advantageous to op the properties in several directions without ving them excessively in one. Thus, a steel is usually rolled crosswise and cornerwise before given its final length, while the belief is genera a forged axle, kneaded back and forth under a mer or press, is superior to one rolled—with the all in one direction. Function of Hot Working he function of hot working is twofold,—to bring ngot to the dimensions desired in the completed e, and to break up the coarse structure of casting. finer the final structure, the tougher and more e will be the steel, other things being equal. This fine grained structure in turn is dependent on a per heating, both as regards time and temperature, reak up the ingot structure, and upon a thorough ng, during cooling, to complete this grain refine ent,—a working continued to a temperature through m a paper delivered before the twelfth general meeting American Iron and Steel Institute in New York, Ma 7. The author is engineer Midvale Steel Compa! elphia \ 1200-Ton Steam Hydraulic Press with Power-Handling 1435 Rolled in Europe L. COX out which will not allow much grain growth when it ended. I see little advantage in a great amount of hot working above what is required by these consideratior and much against it Excessive reduction means large! ingots to start with; larger ingots mean more interna troubles, and more internal troubles mean poorer quality f product. Let us now get clearly in mind the desiderata in ir hot worki a machine. It Is to reduce to the mina! dimensions, at least expense, n the least time, ul ngot with a section sufficient to give a proper amount of work and a low finishing temperature, and is to pay due regard to the proper direction of the defe evitably found in the metal Where there is available sufficient tonnage to keep t occupied on work suited to its limitations, a mill is far more economical than either a press or a hammer. It stands quite in a class by itself, so far does it lead its competitors in quantity of output and economy of operation,—while it has its own field of thin sections which neither of the others can enter Yields of the Press and the Hammer It is ger erally understood that a forging press costs about as much as an equivalent hammer with its foundations. A well designed press uses probably not one-third of the steam consumed by the hammer; its tools are lighter and more convenient, being free from shock, and there is much less breakage. In most cases the output from a hammer is less than from a press Device at the Midvale 1436 The Company, 25-Ton Double-Acting Steam Hammer Philadelphia, Pa t > a 9 ft. 6 i? stroke but when used for cogging down ingots for subsequent rolling, the press cannot compete with the hammer, even though it be equipped with power handling devices. Under a 10-ton double-acting hammer cogging 14-in. square ingots to 5%-in. lengths, an square, corners broken, cu average output for 8 hr. was 30 ingots on occasions 34; while the average output of a 1200-tor steam hydraulic press was 22 ingots, occasionally 27 This experience was confirmed in another works, where a 500-ton press bought for a similar purpose was t on forgings, as it could not do the cogging economically. There yet remain two standards: specific purposes, and quality of With the increase in the size of naval guns a heavier too] necessary and in Midvale Steel Company began the erection of a 25-ton double-a hammer with 50-in. cylinder and 9-ft. 6-in. stroke, built by the Morgan Engineering Company from designs by the late Frederick W. Taylor. This tool was the most effective hammer ever built. Availability for output became 1888 the ting probably The forging was controlled entirely by power. The ingot was brought from its heating furnace to the hammer with the free end of its porter-bar fastened to a trolley in an under ground conduit. When the ingot was landed on the die, the trolley was disconnected and on the porter-bar was thrown a heavy ring connected by a wire rope to a horizontal underground hydraulic cylinder which did all the weighing-on of the usual crowd of men. The 60-ton traveling forge crane rotated the piece on the die and the overhang was sustained at first by a gantry, later by a 25-ton traveling crane. With this powerful tool 13-in. gun forgings were made in quantities from ingots as large as 63-in. octa- gon, in spite of prediction to the contrary excellent results. and with Largest Hammer Ever Built The largest hammer ever built was the 125-ton single-acting hammer of the Bethlehem Steel Com- pany, intended for the forging of armor plate. Both it and the 25-ton double-acting hammer of Midvale, really a 75-ton as compared with a single-acting ham- mer, have been abandoned for forging presses With the exception of the tube, which is generally made solid, the larger forgings for heavy artillery are usually made hollow, as are marine shafts and othe: forgings when desired of especially high quality. As it is difficult to manipulate under a hammer, in upset THE IRON AGE June 14, 7 ting and punching, blocks too heavy to be hand| levers, it is customary to bore the ingot with a h suitabie size and cut from it a hollow block of p weight for the job in hand. The hole in this must be larger than the mandrel upon which the is to be forged, involving great waste of metal mandrel be large. To avoid this waste, and in th: of gun forgings to assist in the proper direction o contained imperfections, the billet is first bored wi smaller hole, then hung upon a mandrel support« each end in a housing die keyed on the anvil blo: place of the bottom die, and by blows upon the perip! as the billet is turned upon the mandrel its walls thinned and the interior diameter increased until of the desired size. It may then be placed upo: drawing mandrel of the proper diameter for the { bore and drawn out in a V die to the desired exte) form and size, if required. The width of a hammer anvil block is not great if the forging be heavy it is in practice necessary use an ingot of initial section sufficient to give requisite weight in the short length that will go betwe: the cheeks of the mandrel housing, for upsetting heavy blocks under a hammer is impracticable, previously stated. The employment of ingots of lar; cross section being objectionable for reasons alread viven, as also because of the added dangers in cooli: and reheating and in the time consumed thereby, w have here one weakness of the hammer. It cam make the great hollow forgings, easily producible unde) such as the rotor drums for steam turbines and the field rings for Niagara turbines shown in th illustrations. When under a hammer of ample power, forgings show test results practically identical with pressed forgings made under the same conditions, so long as neither be expanded. The danger in solid hammered work is always that for economy’s sake too light a hammer will be used and the forging left with an im perfectly reduced grain size towards the center. a press, Invention of the Forging Press Manassah Gledhill, of Manchester, Eng- invented the forging press. Mr. Gledhill was at first an employe and later an associate of Sir Joseph Whitworth, by whose name the press became know: It was another case of “The page slew the boar, but the peer had the gloire.” For many years this won- derful machine was used secretly in the Whitworth shops, and so far as I am aware it was not until 1887 that it was for outside use and was brought this country by the Bethlehem Iron Company. Since a press is wholly self-contained and its move ment comparatively slow, giving time for the flow of the metal, there is no rebouund of the anvil block to throw out of position a forging being expanded, and suc cessive impressions of the top die can be made very close together. This permits the use of narrow-face dies, reducing to a minimum the load to be borne by the expanding mandrel. As small a mandrel as 11 in. ca! In 1861, land, sold ¢ be used with a 5-ft. span with no more liability of team Turbines Forged by the Midvale 5° Company ne 14, 1917 kage than a 14-in. mandrel with a 45-in. span under immer. cogging down an ingot under a hammer. before ding up begins, several blows are usually struck he same spot until fear of lapping stops them. to the inertia of the part of the ingot beyond the it the instant the blow falls there is a tendency wk up the end of the piece and as there is no means of taking out this short kink, except by g the piece upside down, the tendency is to let ir and for the hammer die to cut in more deeply e side of the ingot than the other, gradually ng the axis of the forging out of the axis of the This does not occur under a press. There the ency is for the live die to cut in a little deeper the dead die and bend the piece down; but the is revolved after every impression, which tends p it straight, and as the movement of the press mparatively slow, the cranes lower in unison with the forging becomes bent, if not too stiff it can traightened by one of them pulling up while the sure is on, or by running up the forging carriages traightening the pie