The Iron Age 1915-08-19: Vol 96 Iss 8

ESTABLIS THE IRON AGE New York, August 19, 1915 = Speeding Up Manufacture of Machine Tools New Common Expedients—Considerable Additions Equipment and Working Overtime to Shop Space—Danger of Over-Expansion seven replies by machine-tool builders in response to requests for information, TH facturing space and do not intend to do purchased some new equipment. hines We are increasing our facilities RON AGI e to present an illuminating summation of present conditions in the chine-tool industt he letter quiry sought to ascertain the extent to which production facilities have been increased additions nanufacturing space, the purchase of new machinery and equipment, and increases work ing time. Many of the replies not only answered the questions asked, but threw light on other phas« bf the subject, some sounding a note of warning on the danger of over-expanding shop fa é Out f the eighty-seven firms replying forty-nine stated that they had bought additional machinery to meet i1 reased demand, ten said that shop additions were under construction, seven that they had recent! n pleted additions, and eight that they contemplated building. Several tool builders who have not enlarged their by an addition to our factory and the insta plants or bought additional machines have never- of added equipment, and thus, ope d theless increased their production by employing "8% force, we have probably increased our n ma more men and working overtime. Many have aug - sarong pe 100 per cent . _ th pase wart th mented their output by having parts made in shops , © ade cae aoe i po ae . = ordinarily engaged on other kinds of work. Only a imber of new tools and expect to increas few ma irers of tools, as the letters indicate, very materially. have br new machines in recent months; Automatic Screw Machine it the present man er cut down their lines in order t we are erecting a new building whic} nate? conce he machines for which the demand __ increase our manufacturing spac TI dit has be é est, In some cases practically over- planned some eighteen mont! £ We e} whelming. Those who have undertaken to turn out ‘Some new equipment for this bu iding and wi nes required for the manufacture of _ aes the a © ac s not expect to continue such work after 2 ae a _— emergency has passed. That getting a BETTER METHODS DOUBLE OUTPI ! ber of good mechanics is a serious phase Of the situation is pointed out by several of Drilling and Boring Machinery By our correspondents. A few do not attribute their Ji##ing and systematizing and by the a ew Imreased activity to war orders. machines we have practi ally increa ed oul ipacity Be ven a selection of extracts from the oF OS HO yer oe we ae Sane a replies each preceded by a type of machine tool a banal gen "i E <r nggd ner am mar ak ter Shae aii " eniation' ; tums The wa has had very little effe ' : . hough we are doing some specia ‘ VHA iealacit — — of drilling and tapping ma hines SOME BUILDERS HAVE DONE Drilling Machines.—We are working day and night , We have added quite largely to our manu forces. ow upment; additional equipment now or Gear Cutting Machines.—Ou isiness has increase ora irther increase our facilities, the total very rapidly in the last two or three montl ind W appr v per cent increase. During this period are now sold several months 1 1 ance We t on x oring to decrease rather than increase’ sidering increasing our manufacturing spa bout mt ie ichine tools 33 1-3 per cent and are purchasing a few new tools ty Roughly speaking, we have purchased $75, Screw Machines and Turret Lathes Since the first i S rth of new equipment in order to i: of the year we have practically doubled our plant and ¢ tput output. be output of engine lathes has been in Drilling Machines.—We have added somewhat to - the war started from considerably below yur machinery equipment in the last few months, but ow as much in excess of normal as the probably not to exceed 10 per cent We are, however, ca ‘an operate Our to-day’s output is running double turr and are having some work done = cent above normal. We have not added _ in outside shops. added to oul work Grinding Machinery.—We have ing force and are working full time. ness compared with a year ago is more than double 405 “ ante = aes a. CC «RRM ER NE meee 49 pa Cone Ara gene ile hae arn 2 og. ee ; ire i b j ' : ; 5 th z Re nn Ramen A nti otc i om A oe Sea ome RN Ao 2 RNS i ERIM EL Be NC I ee ee 406 THE IRON AGE Special Machinery.—During the past nine or tel months we have added equipment which has nearly doubled our capacity in two or three departments and are now figuring on a new addition to our works Drilling Machines.—By the addition of new tool and taking up night work we have added about 50 pen cent to our production. We are contemplating a new building for our machinery department and also a building for our foundry. CAPACITY FOR AUTOMATICS MUCH INCREASED Special and Automatic Machinery We have bee very much crowded with business so far this year, while we are at present adding to our manufacturing space a little over 100 per cent. Automatic Threading Lathes.—While this company has not added any new buildings it is increasing it tool equipment to the extent of about 25 per cent Dy the purchase of standard tools, lathes, planers, milling machines and boring machines. Presses.—Our facilities have been increased by the addition of about 50 men since spring. We have not added to our manufacturing space, but are considering expansion along this line. Planers and Lathes.—We have bought considerable machinery, put a small addition on our machine shop for a shipping room, and have extended our foundry. Presses, Dies, Etc.—We are contemplating an addi tion to our shops, in which case a full equipment of heavy machine tools will be added. Hydraulic Machinery.—We are increasing our ma chine shop. We have also purchased several machine tools and are running the majority of our larger tool day and night and practically the whole shop until 9 o’clock at night, with the result that our output is approximately 40 per cent above normal capacity. Grinding Machinery.—We have increased our pro duction from about 40 hr. a week to 72 hr. and the help from about 40 to 78 in the last four months. Shaping and Milling Machines.—We have increased our capacity about 25 per cent by installing new ma chinery. Milling Machines.—Since Jan. 1 we have doubled our equipment and more than doubled our output. We now have in course of construction a factory building that is a duplicate of our present building. Broaching Machines.—We are very busy operating with an increased force and working as much overtime as possibl We are contemplating an addition to our factory. Automatic Screw Machines.—Our greatest increase is due to working overtime, thus leaving us our regula) plant when the rush is ove! OUTSIDE WORK FOUND UNSATISFACTORY Lathes.—We have not been carried away with this business. We have taken the opportunity of replacing considerable old equipment with new and up-to-date machinery. We have bought a little additional equip ment. Most of our increased output is due to ow placing considerable detail work in outside shops. This we find, in the main, unsatisfactory, as the price is high, and in many cases the work is not up to our standard. We are contenting ourselves with such busi ness as we are able to produce in our own shop, and we do not intend to load ourselves up with a large in crease in factory space and equipment. Of course, new equipment means an improvement over old, and it might be fair to say that our increased efficiency from this source is about 25 to 30 per cent. Grinding Machinery.—We are running our plant both day and night, and have purchased some addi tional machine equipment enabling us to just about double our capacity. We have under consideration an addition to our plant which will enable us to about double up again. Shapers.—We have developed about 20 to 25 per cent increase in our capacity and are gradually adding to this. Bolt Cutting and Pipe Threading Machinery.—We have found a decided picking up in business since the Aug f January. Each month sees a machine tool requirements. We do n any additional building at the present ti) a case of getting competent men to do t} 4 FIRM WHICH DELAYED IMPROV} Metal Working Machinery.—We hav. past been expecting to make material ad + plant and have purchased a large tract + for these buildings have been pre; depression in our own lines, and in gene) plans to put the matter aside for the present have carried out our plans in time f emergency, nor have we purchased ; therefor. We are building some new which will hardly be permanent with us Grinding Machines.—We have receive ume of orders for our product, far beyo to give prompt deliveries. While we ar and planning for a considerable additior and equipment, we are not doing it on th: ‘ our present business, but due to the fact that th, ural growth of our business seems to wa tional capacity in the very near future. Among the expressions of opinion t} should be exercised in expanding to meet pres demands were the following: DANGER OF CREATING EXCESSIVE OVERHEA Metal Working Tools.—With the last yeal increased our output about 110 per cent. We hav course, added some machine tools to our equinme but the increase was largely made by having ma r work done in about a dozen different machine shops j this vicinity, and adding to our vise and fitting force, which, of course, did not require anything | benches, vises and small tools. We have not beli that the present spurt in the machine-tool industry warranted any very large permanent increase. Ir we think a note of warning to all machine-tool build hould be sounded, as present conditions are so tempt ing that manufacturers are liable to increase plants to such an extent that the overhead wil be a burden when normal conditions resume. machine-tool business, unfortunately, has always one of unusual ups and downs, and it is quite imp ible to have one’s plant large enough to satisfy demand on the high peak. We firmly believe that will have to reduce very much our manufacturing ations after the present rush is over. Turret Lathes.—About the middle of December resumed full time and have since been steadil; ing our force. We are operating a night gang and east half of the day force is working three eve! week as well. We have purchased ten or machine tools to balance our equipment. We a think it advisable to spend large sums in exte! our plant and equipment, as we feel there is dang over-confidence in this matter. Lathes.—We do not believe under the present ditions it is wise for any of the manufacturers chase additional equipment. It has been hard tain skilled men to operate the machines now shop. + ONE FIRM SEES BUSINESS UNCERTAINT! Metal Working Tools.—For some time business dull and our plant was not run to its capacity ity \ February, however, we have run at full capac! Y Was “iy incertainty in business at this time does not wal! our increasing our plant. Cutting-off Machines, Etc.—We have purcnast “ machinery and are now concentrating our efforts cutting-off machines and turret lathes. Several other firms advised that they a creased their facilities in one way or another others said they had not done so and had intention. Another wrote: “We have not increas errr our space or equipment, but are running W'* 15 THE IRON AGE 107 ind overtime. We do not feel that due to war orders calls for any ir shop.” ed that additions to shop capacity | by delayed deliveries of machin- another that many manufacturers .e glad to add to their plants if it secure a sufficient amount of help The writer added: “We can get it it takes time to éducate them. demand for machinery, due to the for some time.” Corrus Asbestos Roofing and Siding twelve years of experimenting the tison Company, Ambler, Pa., has rrugated asbestos roofing and sid- the final step in the process of ch first took flat sheets of asbestos and bent them while soft into the one corrugation at a time. This ipplemented by the placing of iron MOLES FOR WIRES MUST ALWAYS @€ DRMLED THROUGH TNE HIGH PART OF THE CORMRUGATION TOVE BOLTS ALVANIZED IRON CLIP. ne | i TMICK, WIDE. USED FOR i “\. S1OES(BUT NEVER FOR ROOFS) r_2{-by i ) OF Buaomes 2 i tN i | es | PURLIN, OR ‘ 5 i _ MORIZONTAL IRON reen between the layers of asbestos terial greater tensile strength. It ever, in some cases where the mate- ed to corrosive fumes or to salt air moisture would enter through minute convex side of the corrugations, ulti- the reinforcing material to disin- process of manufacture was then t the material could be compressed rrugated condition, a pressure of ap- 00 tons per square foot being em- resulting product, it is emphasized, is thoroughly compacted structure that rough treatment and not be affected luences., this material the Hatschek process, e invention of Ludwig Hatschek, an employed. Hydraulic cement is first ixed with water and asbestos fiber in engine similar to that employed in the of paper pulp. Prolonged, vigorous gitation to which the material is sub- it is claimed, in the formation of having the properties of a colloidal which is that small solid particles Suspension indefinitely. The mate- ses to the vat of a modified paper ere it is kept in a state of agitation ip in thin coatings by a fine wire screen cylinder, from which it is passed by belt to a second rotating cylinder, accumulates in layers until the de- s is secured. The material is then removed in the form of sheets, which are piled one upon another and placed between metallic plates. These are subjected to heavy pres sure to compact the material, drive out excess water and eliminate all voids and fissures. The numerou layers provide for the crossing of the asbestos fibers in all directions, which, it is emphasized, gives the finished material a texture of great homogeneity and toughness. The corrugated sheets are made with a uniform width of 27‘ in., or eleven complete corru gations, and in lengths ranging from 4 to 10 ft. The corrugations are 2'5 in. wide and | in. deep from top to bottom of the corrugation. The mate rial varies in thickness from 3/16 to 5/16 in. and weighs from 2.8 to 3 lb. per square foot. The method of applying and supporting the ma terial for roofing and siding purposes is shown in the accompanying drawings. The roofing is lapped two corrugations sidewise and 6 in. endwise, the inclined joints in succeeding courses being stag gered from those of the perceding ones by the amount of the side lap. The supporting purlins are spaced so that the maximum distance between them is not more than 36 in. for roofing and 40 in. for siding. The method of attaching the roofing sheets GALVANIZED (POW . - cue s i* ia }srove-acer | i> ia i to steel and iron framework that is recommended is aluminum tie wires. Two holes are drilled through the asbestos, one just above and the other just below the purlin, the holes being located in the tops of the corrugations and made no larger than is neces sary for the passage of the wire fasteners. The outer end of each tie wire has a head similar to that of a wire nail and holds a soft lead washer. The inner surface of the washer and the head of the wire are daubed with plastic asbestos cement before the wires are drawn up against the roofing, the inner ends of the wires being twisted together around the purlin as shown in the illustration. Iron wire nails with lead washers are substituted for the aluminum tie wires where the material is to be applied to wooden purlins. Where siding is used the arrangement for fastening is somewhat differ- ent. Here a galvanized iron clip bent so that the inner end rests over the purlin or other horizontal iron support is employed. The clip itself is fastened to the material by two 14-in. stove bolts, the heads of which are outside of the siding and rest against soft lead washers. As is the case with roofing, nails are used for fastening the siding to wooden framework. For protecting corners and ridges, rolls of the same material are employed. The corner protective devices are half cylinders made in lengths of 16, 42 and 56 in. and applied so that the ends overlap. The ridge rolls have 6-in. wings which overlap the corrugated roofing. To enable the ridge roll to be applied to any peak or angle, it is made in two parts, the half cylindrical ones turning one within the other to provide the desired angle for the wings. . . a ee ray i 4 Machine Accounting in a Pump Works | How Tabulating Machines in the Wor- | thington Plant Effect a Saving in Clerical | Expense Reckoned at Twice Their Cost BY SIDNEY G. KOON “In addition to the extensive and important The system covers the applicati data made available, the application of tabulating ards to all stock, labor, product machines to the cost accounting system, at the records, what is known as a dual car ij Worthington Works, has resulted in a saving of The left end of the card receives the « i) clerical expense amounting to at least twice the ten entry in properly arranged for cost of the machines and the special stationery used right end, laid out for punching the in connection with them. The indirect savings due the data written at the left. This makes card a complete record which can be traced [ to the original source, and at the sams , : : | used immediately in the machines for : + ' | required. Sa The Worthington factory cost accouw : tem has been developed, along the a described, for the following purposes t i the tota net factory | | é it the end of the value of inventories ; the end of ever monthly statement of sales | nly the volume of busin« rritor but so the correspondi: from such business similar statement for fn hineryv « t nt once each m evel sales ter t or t l mont eve nport t iten i x ctor a \ -~ ( h oper tio! Tir ( C I t I Vv reported we uC ( ever ade rr lres f ls bor } t \ £ nd per to the utilization of the compiete data made ava { : ‘ : ti . cl operat . riy ‘ ndard labor ue a. able by these machines are many times their cost fore the first order for thé 4 This quotation, in a communicati rom Georg of a The differ R. Townsend, general manager of the Hen R oa t standard rat ee ; ° : , y OT rie S mie pro ict, when Worthington Hydraulic Works, Harrison, N. J., tells te ng due to : : : : i erc of savings each department ¢ in brief what the Hollerith tabulating systen A pelicans gg Sage Perey Pec ene doing for that company in the preparation of regu ecure a monthly statement comparative analysis of tl lar daily, weekly and monthly reports, as well as it burden or overhead special studies of particular features of the bus - ssa ness. It is also found possible, with a very smal ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK amount of labor, to obtain any kind of analysis re \ll material drawn from stock is entered quired, whether relating to prices, costs, profit he dual card or order form shown at the to] + stock, or what not. rroup engraving, which is known as the stock —— ; ow ; ; j ; teoes 9 ‘Other? ¥ | i, 99S,,.j30. © _ . rf ‘ Z Phd : Ueto 9 ee iit pee ay 2 12 8e2 32 ‘ . = y bi aad 3 G Pet ab 3 2 33)9323 3) : behdit a : : +4 44 é | 5 PEE a 2 rea] rt 65 5.9 545 5 5:5 5! C ai ko Ne . f, ' al +2 . a ag et on a ¢ Y. bat ee ; - ba a8 7 7777 je 777 ’ 277 7 38 8 RRB 28 Cea 202- 919999919999 89199 99919 999 9! pawhes 4 Weta peers eee oh 2 eon “ t A Typical Card Upon Which All the Data Reg ost n Order Are Entered after It Is Con pera THE IRON AGE 109 his card, inge color, formation acter and be issued. parts the d is print- thus ¢call- tle writing. oth elimi- s and saves of orders especially se of orders which in stock ma- be handled 25.000 of month, or abt per day, are cb vineering de ded green, form ck receipts, s returned to Ss ptl— se ot r been drawn so 8 7 iterials purchased A 1 t into stock. About 7 * \ t f * are handled each eo ~ o . *< the order for mate- ee for castings from the ndry, a brown form is sed, about 5000 cards being lired per month. For nes from the brass foun- ry a blue ticket is used, as the bottom of the roup. As no material is is- on one of the wn, a perfectly ac- erial cost record is their use. ING FOR LABOR or and other separately, on ffer only in de- ird, of which ised each month; other labor upon a 50,000 per month. The time in kept directly upon these labor rec- which is provided for each man As soon as the operations in ire completed for a lot of parts, the ollected by the labor department, ded. The cards are then punched aggregated on the tabulating ma- s from each department. ling list of completed orders for h department, being turned daily irtment for rating and extending r values. Comparison between the rd labor values and actual labor costs determine the daily efficiency of and to locate immediately all items e cost. This makes it possible to ency to undue cost before it has to do much damage—something question in any other method of “ rmation. ao . ly summarizing, the time cards, ‘ey ring machine according to order r ed in the open order files. These ; -_ Some of the Cards Used por 1s re- Order Number LABOR LABOR | ORDER | MATERIAL ' ad i ‘| HOURS FOUNDRY! OTHER [oc] NUMBER | CHARGES jCReorrs } . : Over Bo Amount ' og9oec0 0c ajooc a0|Iso0 0 CN TVIL VTL VALVE. evisa49dy ’ we gxOOAS »% 9000 ee.8@ 2 @ “ fo) ee ee jp9000 ‘ Lo s Lh LSS ae 8 oo in the Mechanical Cost Svysten It Will Be Noticed Is in the Same Position on Each of the C files thus show, under each order or account num- ber, all charges against that number, whether for material purchased, material disbursed from stock, castings made or for labor of any kind MAKING UP THE REPORTS Referring to a complete set of cost cards forms, as shown in the group engraving, it will be noticed that the order number is in the same vertical column on each of the six cards, and all other items call- ing for the same data are placed in columns similarly located. The advantage of this lies in the ability to sort out all of the cards for any order number by the same setting of the sorting machine, no matter what these cards may represent. Only one cost record file is needed, and the setting of the tabulating machine for the various items remains the same from one month’s end to the other; be- cause each item is always in the same location, and the machine will record it in the same way, no mat- ter which card is used. By running through the tabulator all of the six types of cards on any order number, or any desired group of orders, the simultaneous additions of amounts are all segregated. Thus, in the five-counter : ¥ meine “Caer go's 2 A RR Al TO ANAT ar A Ne swemasaiie, Bs nae Wee ee ne ee | 5 i | ie a 7 { + i) +: f ed LN ra | oye BE aii nS Ceo HH ‘ 4 aE & be | 5 hsp basil Mancina ohn 00 ee ee Se ee a itn cr in pail ni ai laa es a ae: nth OM 410 THE IRON AGE Hirostsinenncisiesiinesinhinnaraniaioabetivanttinisigaethinsndintiicapintsine The Machine Emploved to Punch the Cards It Operates Like Typewriter by Depressing the Number ! Has an Escapement Like a Typewriter Carriage machine used, the first counter adds total hours of the hole in the card passes over the brush cet labor. The second and third add foundry labor and contact is made which opens a magnetic switch g other labor, separately, in dollars and cents. The shunts the card into one of the pockets shows fourth and fifth accumulate the values of material the center of the sorting machine illustration, 1 charges and material credits, also separately. Thus machine operates at the rate of 250 cards per mi all of the required information is aggregated simul- ute, a speed which the eye cannot follow with, taneously, and in just the form needed. This is all certainty. It works with unerring mechanical indicated by the heading over the group of cards. curacy and can handle more work of this sort th As a single instance of the use of this method, could be done by a dozen clerks. an exact inventory of the value of all labor and Once the cards are sorted into groups they material represented by open orders is obtained run through the tabulating machine at the rate once a month simply by running through the tabu- 150 per minute. This machine provides a contiz lating machine all the cards in the open order file ous running total of the amounts under five separ without necessity for sorting of any kind. headings simultaneously, thus giving in effect, a When an order is closed, a card showing invoices der maximum working conditions, 750 totals and cost of sale is furnished the cost department minute. This operates on the same principle by the billing department. Upon this card the bill- closing an electric circuit through the hole int ing department enters the information under the card, thus actuating a magnet connected witht headings, invoice number; order number; amount eounters. of invoice; territory; class of sale; quantity and group number. The latter term indicates the size | and style of machines covered by the sale. By “class of sale” is meant a general classification such as centrifugal pumps, condensing apparatus, water meters, etc. The record cards from the open order files are then put through the tabulating machine by the cost department to secure the total costs, as already explained. These costs are posted on the invoices and “cost of sale” card, and the data punched on the right end of that card. The total sales, costs and profits are secured at the end of each month for the various classifications of sales by sorting these cards, according to the classification desired, and then aggregating on the tabulator the figures for each classification. MACHINES USED WITH THE CARDS The method by which these cards are handled in the machines is simple once the details are mas- tered. The punch used in perforating the cards has twelve keys like those on a typewriter, and is oper- ated in the same way. The escapement, which car- ries the card from column to column, as a hole is cut in each, operates just like a typewriter, and the punching is very rapid. These cards, with their round holes cut in them, are then passed through the automatic sorting ma- _ chine, in which a flexible wire brush is pressed The Automatic Sorting Machine Which Operates j > ne ; ‘ s3+7 + . : ny . at a Speed of 250 Cards Per Minuté . ie. against the card, in a position corresponding to the Out the Cards Having. Entries That It Is I column which is the basis of the sorting. When sired to Tabulate THE IRON AGE 411 nvolving the handling of mil- has shown that the errors in in sorting and in aggregating of those experienced in hand be sorted and analyzed over from the same original data, punched never changes. Com- scription of hand-made records » another—the frequent errors, yures, omissions or duplications which are absent in the mechan- ; apparent how the latter gives such implicit reliance can be n to these features, monthly and e obtained sometimes a whole best results of hand labor, and ie of the machines for cost and made very evident. And for illed for all of a sudden, wanted erhaps never repeated in exactly ting Machine Which Will Handle eriod, as Additions Under Each « machines are of inestimable already on the cards. All that selection in the sorting machine ‘f cards, and then the aggrega- on the tabulator. In many rt of this sort has been obtained hours, the amount of work in- ide report would have required rohibitive expense. Keystone Steel & Wire Com ently held a convention which the greater part of the time resses on practical subjects by It is stated that the company orders for 100,000 tons of barb A new factory, 80 x 250 ft., of oat gates, is in course of con for 1915, according to data fur- partment of Agriculture, are esti- bushels of winter wheat and 941,- inter rye, increases over 1914 of respectively. The figures refer to pt Poland. the Five Heads Are M e Sim Combination Wrench for Pipes and Nuts An automatic combination self-adjusting pipe and nut wrench has been brought out by the Hay ward Wrench Company, 700 Cass Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. One of the features upon which special em 1 New Combinatior Wrencl for Pipes and Nuts H Somewhat Special Type of Gripping Mechar phasis is laid is the ease with which the wrench can be adjusted to any size of pipe or nut within its capacity. eS SAE ESE! ur ry } 0? Cards Per Niinute nad (sive oT The gripping mechanism is of a somewhat unusual type, both jaws being actuated from the handle through a series of links and levers. It is pointed out that the greater the force applied to the handle the tighter the pipe or nut is gripped, but the former is not crushed. A quick release and a ratchet movement are also provided, which in com bination with the automatic adjustment make it 2asy to handle pipes or nuts. The pins on which the various members of the wrench turn are protected with a view to eliminating chance of clogging with dirt or grease. All of the parts of the wrench are high carbon steel dri p forgings. Three sizes with maximum openings ranging from to 1% in are made. Solivia’s output of tin for 1914, according to data just published, was 36,263 metric tons, calculated on a tin content of 60 per cent in the Bolivian concentrates The output in 1913 was 44,595 tons and in 1912 it was 38,379 tons. Imports from Germany into the United States for May, 1915, were only $3,172,630, compared with $14, 661,923 in May, 1914. The largest item was toys at $447,976, the next being earthen, stone and china ware at $225,758. ee Paby ch 4 a pat oa’ | { ae ; ae ae ale eat m9 ome + DANIO CANA ID satel hi 9 ol pa ER Hae eo rath ere eet ap Fa codiieainGptacieenty jt ee ee ee ach ei nl eS a, ri A ae ay creat et die ee see 20 al Fe RE omg ni ire He = malt 2c NR, gE Nat ge re cakes hacienda tenctedeeetaonmsib ers 412 THE IRON AGE TWO LARGE HYDRAULIC VALVES Twelve-Foot Units Weighing 90 Tons Regulate Admission of Water to Turbines Two hydraulic valves that are believed to be the largest valves of any type ever made have recently been built by the Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company, Cleveland, Ohio, and are being erected in connection with the Oneida development of the Utah Power & Light Company, Salt Lake City, Utah. These are 12-ft. valves of the Johnson type, several of which in smaller sizes have been installed in similar plants. They operate under a head of 140 ft. and are in- stalled in riveted steel penstocks in the valve cham- ber just outside of the main power house. They are located close to the turbines which are supplied by these penstocks and are operated by penstock pres- sure. The turbines have an output of 10,000 hp. each. The valves consist of a plunger that moves in a large internal operating cylinder. A portion of each cylinder is cast integral with the outer casing, and the barrel of the cylinder is bolted to that por- tion. On the rear end of the cylinder is mounted a dome which serves as a deflector for the incoming water as well as a head for the cylinder. The plunger has a shoulder at its end so that there is a difference in its diameter and this forms an annular chamber when the plunger is assembled with the in- ternal cylinder. Admission of penstock pressure into the annular chamber causes the valve to open. When the control valve admits pressure to the an- nular chamber it discharges the water in the large chamber. The valve is closed by the admission of penstock pressure into the cylinder, the water push- ing the plunger forward. The valve body is a steel plate section that is bolted to the discharge section, and at the other end is riveted to the penstock. The smaller of the ac- companying illustrations is a shop view of the valve, this photograph being taken before the body had been bolted to the discharge section as shown at the right. The porthole in the discharge section at the right is the admission port for opening the valve and the discharge port when closing it. The admission port for closing and the discharge port for opening are shown at the left at the top of the dome in this illus- tration. Both of these ports are 8 in. in diameter. The larger opening just below this port is for the indicator shaft to show the position of the valve at the to Being tly Been Very Large hydraulic V at any time. before assembling, showing the plunge, the discharge section in the center, ; and dome at the right. The dome j a set of separator bolts, one end of t! tened to the dome in the smaller holes the other to a cast steel supporting ring which § around the outside of the valve body. The valve opening is 12 ft. in dian Built Before the Bod The other engraving over-all length of the valve from plunger to the tip of the dome wher closed is 23 ft. 4 in., the travel of the val in., and the largest diameter, which charge section, is 15 ft. 4 in. f is st each valve is 90 tons, the largest part, the section, weighing 15 tons. steel ring for the valve body is 1 in. thick ¢ in diameter. 30 in. from the center line, in the position as s! in the photograph, and the rear portion of th steel supporting ring is anchored into wall about A" The valve is buried in « steel pipe connects each valve wit casing. The valves are of cast iron except the | supporting ring. Although the castings are ’ usual foundry practices were followed them, ordinary sweep and core methods lowed in the molding room. casting ranges from 2 to 2'% in. in thickn cylinder is Left, the Discharge Section in the Center Assem|l 9 _ in. thick and the dome fro ind the Cylinder and Dome at icret ’ y herr ? The discharge The total weig and ni t e i ft. thick. A short piece of +h I nare al ‘ nr : 4 The supporting cast » + Wi et () THE IRON AGE 113 are provided on the outside of h the dome and discharge sec- rs ’ i the dome tip is bolted to the = ning operations, including the der to fit the plunger and the rge section, were done on a ver- havin th a 22-ft. table built by the ronze mounted. The operating th bronze and the plunger is prevent the possibility of stick- n. The plunger is ground to a tests made in the field on the ; been installed, show that not- isual size it is absolutely water- ts it was found that it took 450 alve with a ‘4-in. port opening -in. opening. It was opened in. port opening and in 170 rt opening. 1uipped for both hand and elec- equipment for electrical control ain switchboard in the power ngly simple, a single movement being sufficient either to open The movement of the valve th by an indicator on the valve in electrical indicator on the the same type were built Seaver-Morgan Company for the npanyv, Niagara Falls, Ont., and S r Power Company, Altman, N. Y. e of the valves and the place of , considerable difficulty was experi the parts to their destination as iled 22 miles over narrow moun- rses were hitched to the difficult t rt elgnt ne the plunger, the most Heater Utilizing Gas Engine Exhaust waste gases from in- well as that lost walls into the water jacket, the Pa., has brought out a heater gas engine economizer. This entirely of cast iron in round up in number and size ac- epower of the engine to which it ections are faced to give a metal- are connected by screw-threaded iction assuring a uniform con- on. Each section is provided umferential groove forming a fice which is calked with suitable Passages for the exhaust gases section of sufficient area to e on the engine. When the heater more sections, these passages are tion to section so that the hot in contact with the greatest surface. The water spaces com- he walls of the gas passages. used for producing low- 20 lb. being the maximum, that can eating buildings or for industrial ted amount of low-pressure steam ilso can be used for providing a ter supply. The system can be ar- heat from either the cylinder te gases from the exhaust, or both lized. It is stated that heat from will convert 21% to 3 Ib. of water tne neat in engines, as + i] pe into steam at 5-lb. pressure per horsepower-hour To generate steam the system includes a closed stor age tank with a centrifugal circulating pump and a safety valve set at the desired pressure. It is claimed that should there be no use for the heated water or steam, the installation of the heater would be along the line of economy by reducing the gas consumption because of the better engine work conditions resulting from recirculating the jacket water at a uniform high temperature. The inlet from the exhaust to the heater may be at the bottom and the outlet to the atmosphere at the top, or the reverse. When conditions require it, a horizontal installation may be provided. Various combinations can be worked out by the arrangement of water connections on different sections of thé T : LS 1 1) 1) try Snap SRCRERER a r --_- er ~ } ry ~ — e AA {| | al. Se eT Ay | [) 4 qa'f j | ‘ ! ia LA ; N [| [| 2 iy i 4 a Cost 4 V4, _ } vay (| i for TOP i.) 4 Ly Ly -_ 3 : : o a zy J a i / \ Heater Utilizing e Heat in the W f an Internal C< E That Radiated thr ] the ¢ heater, such as heating water at different tempera tures and making steam and hot water at the same time. In a typical installation designed for furnish ing hot water heat for a building, the jacket water passes from the top of the engine to the bottom of . the heater, from the top of the heater to the heating system and then back to the engine. An temperature regulator should be part of installation to guard against excessive temperature when the demand on the system is light. A table prepared by the company indicates that a 10-hp. gas engine will heat from both exhaust and jacket in one hour, 873 lb. of water to 150 deg. Fahr and 545 Ib. of water to 210 deg. From the exhaust alone 365 Ib. of water will be heated to 150 dee and 220 lb. to 210 deg. A heater for a 10-hp. en gine is 12 in. in diameter, 18%, in. high and posed of three sections. automatk sucn an is com- tC ‘ cnet nel aa ie entree eC a NPT OOPS ane npn Ne. we ei tea ne CAIN, spent ee ‘Sivek ah oe egg RR tea a cm te ne EA TE RC RS o> Rowers nett gO ANA A ISL a ere PR pe mete Rice an th tet ~~ oy OW Sexe ‘ ce Ht oy =e — sc aR ARE tl i i NN th Re APOE i SABI aE ee hae As RGR eal Oe loom SSeinenD Khthinecasiyne eae tncath Pirie 414 Alternating-Current Magnetic Brake A new alternating-current magnetic brake has just been put on the market by the Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa. It has been designed especially for use with induc- AY A} for Uss iting-Current Magnetic Brake T t Is Designed on Induction Motors on Cranes and Various C ses of ng-Mill Ma tion motors operating hoists, roller lift bridges and many different classes of mill machinery, and it is applicable wherever frequent stops and reversals are necessary. cranes, The operating magnet is single-phase and can be used on polyphase circuits. The action of the brake is simple. When the con- troller is thrown to the off position two brake- shoes are forced by springs against a cast-iron brake wheel which is keyed to the motor shaft. When the motor is started the magnet coil is energized and the action of the magnet, operating through a lever and a toggle, forces the shoes apart and releases the brake. In the design of ments are embodied. this brake several improve- It is a complete self-contained unit that can be mounted directly beside the motor or on a special sole plate. Since the application of its braking action is not dependent upon gravity, it can be mounted in any position, from the horizontal to 90 deg., in such a direction that the movable magnet lever has no tendency to fall away from the stationary magnet cover. This makes it especially desirable for applications where the position of the motor changes during the operation, as on a roller lift bridge. The over-all height has been reduced to a minimum so that it can be used in places where headroom is limited, for instance, in crane service. The insulation is such that the brake is adaptable for use outdoors and exposure to the weather without any modification whatever. No dashpots are used, thus all possibility of trouble due to sticking is eliminated. The brakeshoes are made of cast iron to which fastened woven asbestos fabric linings. The wheel is made of cast iron, and the coefficient of friction between the brake wheel and shoes is not materially affected by oil, grease or water. The pressure on the brakeshoes can be varied by nuts on the spring rods, and wear on the shoes can be taken up by an adjusting screw. Two springs are used and only two adjustment points are neces- sary. If the operator fails to take care of the adjustment which compensates for wear on the shoes the result will not be a failure of the brake to set. It will only mean that the machine cannot be started, as the brake will not release. With a view to facilitating repairs, axle steel as, are THE IRON AGE pins held in place by cotter pins wherever possible. A pair of pli: driver are the only tools necessary | mantle or assemble the brake. This brake, which is known a: cA te in sizes ranging from 5 to 100 h — 25 and & cycle, 220, 440 and 550 volt circuit Some Handy Gasoline Engine Formy, BY W. F. SCHAPHORS Here are some formulas that have fon . ant ove LOUN handy for the determining of the brake hy power, indicated horsepower, and friction hors power of gasoline engines of the hit and n iss type Friction horsepower = 0.00000152 AD'N’y _ ; Mechanical efficiency = (N; — N V Indicated horsepower friction rsepower 1 — mechanical efficiency). Brake horsepower indicated horsepower friction horsepower. | cross-sectional area of flywheel square inches (see sketch herewith) D distance in feet, center of gravity t Cm of gravity of sections measured thr« center of the shaft The center of f section of this kind is most found by cutting out a piece of stiff board shaped exactly like the sectic balancing on a Knife edge in sever tions This is an old, well known \ number of revolutions per minut fivwheel ace iber of flywheels, exactly alike times engines of this type have tw — ymetimes only one flywheel 3 time in seconds required for the eng come to a standstill after closing the ive \ he number of explosions in the linder while operating at full normal speed ‘ N the number of explosions in the « é tim cylinder while operating at no loa: «4 mal speed as These formulas furnish a brakeless method fe testing engines of the hit and miss type. N Prony brake is needed, nor is an indicator although the method will by no means supplam the indicator. The indicator is still the best mea for determining the interior condition of the cylin der as regards compression, ignition, I developed the formulas rationally, basin them upon the first fact that the friction hors power of an engine is constant regardless of loa as was first pointed out by Robert Thurston, anf upon the second fact (closely related to the fi that when an engine comes to a dead stop, afte closing the needlevalve, the deceleration is constani In other words, the deceleration is similar to tha of a body projected vertically upward. For example, take an engine in which needed exnaust, é 1 16 sq. in m= 4 it t = 60 sec Ni 105 2 Nn 16 \ 240 Inserting in the formulas I find the trict horsepower is 3; the mechanical efficienc) 105 16) 105 = 85 per cent; indicated hor power 3 (] — 0,85) 20: and brake hor power = 20 — 3 = 17.” In actual tests, in which I have compare method with the indicator and Prony | the errors (or differences) were so slight as almost negligible. The United Furnace Company, which wi! new blast furnace at Canton, Ohio, has electe lowing officers: President, H. G. Dalton of Mather & Co., Cleveland; first vice-pr‘ Ross Jones; second vice-president, Ed Langem treasurer, E. P. Williams, Cleveland; secretary Hang. These officers, with Harry Picka: ds, of land, form the board of directors. o@ a Blank to Prevent Demurrage What One Company Does to Effect Rapid BY H. aded or unloaded promptly for does not pay to switch them day. Furthermore, it is better or unloaders than to pay de- ou get no return. The fore- s branch of the factory or mill eans of knowing just how much car. Since the daily average ent went into effect some years Handling of Railroad Cars Without Incur- ring Costs Disproportionate to Savings A. RUSSELL has not been yet exhausted, consequently the illustration shows a separate column for box cars. 3y keeping the foreman properly posted saving at the end of each month is many times cost of keeping the record accurately. Probably firm, which handles as the the every any quantity of cars daily, is familiar with the system of credits and debits, so we will not repeat it here, but a little study of the illustration will show clearly the prac months will handle hundred cars. rm illustrated we know each day sufficient to offset the debits or ’ long to handle the various cars. foreman’s attention is called to exceeded the 48-hr. limit of free yreement first went into effect, it keep box cars separate from all credit for the unloading of a 24-hr. period could not apply on of cars. Now, however, Our first supply of forms i some we kinds tion. = ae. ~ fi fj | te ee! save Z| 7) Ist ie I I ] f cia | LA. \sagahIs\ | W775i 2d | ig | os | | f o/.| | uy i D centaltaaal 4 eee | Le) ~ 1 = ji pS) ae er 4 | | yi e } LZ t } ad file GAStHyy/e | - | N77 \ | F 4 i acl cde Mell Md \ahsevd 7 | - | i 1777 | |} | ' . Mt FM aerneliceicataadl LAL \ tatty $7 \-| i7e| iri | EZ, I { H} | | “ | Pat J LHEVI Z < ee + a Le aE LS ps 4 + se 4 | aa a a e t Gg G +4 y ” 4 LLL tila Lie TG iu Ae 142 | UA + + | j \| } \\ iz | ° th. of (ag acy 4 Recast LAebLVd\ ~\ i | Zar | AVS + , | 4} - - : iy } Wf 2.4 t fj | kAL_\tteme\To0\ ie i LAL) é ify. 4 = | | { 2 Of = is | lL 1@ Isl) | #24 Lh \¢afwo\ Jon 7) Rc) iri Ai I Zi {| 2 : lef. | = } 7 i IZ, I ‘ + nthe - +—-—4/2.21 7 4 + +4 . + So ia) ied | | fe_\ fate Zaaz| tev) ic | | $A t i : | o | + } | , LZ fe lhadonel Lome \ztapa\Zhs| . | .—t pea) ha 4 + + eo | y | { 4 | iia eta 1 4 ZF 16-7 of Hf 4 } OA, | GI72 72.4 ~ yy Ls} i Z | | Wel i 7 ivy e | ts “MB ekewpel pen -| i} | | Woe) je 07 ft ‘ i f- | ot. : ~1A LLy t +—t—- 4 Y 4 RAD. Hilfe wot, spac 1 é) dad 42 Zi 4 2 I |Z / 9 20997 Po fA > Vro r 4 ++, F r + - wand tah LIE 2 oy pe a OL +—+—_4 ik ; +4 4 j g, 7 {| - { is} | L2seets di ot | W241 15127 1Z3 217 I 2 £5 the 1 fy s/\Z26| - | I 17. 1 IZ | i a+ —_| | A a y, ' { i # é 4 Lagee7s) 727) + pins fi + yd “ . a ] I i Lila, \easveegs | | | | bel ir Z | { rAd \3e¢ TZ ? | / “a Le LS a oh ret 4L, Ley winihimaniat a ee 2 a SA re ping Tr I Demu ( r track of every incoming or out-_ ticability of keeping the record. It is easy to locate time required is not over five’ the trouble if the debits are larger than the credits because we have divided the cars into two distinct groups, those to loaded and those to un loaded. Many times we use up all the free time on the unloading of a car, but will make a credit of one point on the loading. Under the date of July 12, car 27,317, we notice a debit of four points This car was loaded with lumber which was not up to the specifications, and as several days elapsed before the mill representative came to adjust the matter the debits accumulated. In an instance of this kind our usual method is to charge this amount to the shipper providing that our debits are in excess of the credits at the end of the month. be be 415 : | 416 THE IRON AGE . ‘ STEEL MAKING IN TABLET FORM 0p of 40 per cent scrap material a ao of the pig iron. The tablet also s} . j ; ‘ ; = , > neae oan See 4 7 Wall Panel Attracting Attention at the Panama- "'“'* analysis ” eae mer rail s put | as rectly from the converter, the appr ea h | Pacific Exposition of rail steel obtained from the oper . | | A pictorial method of telling steel-making opera- and the analysis of duplex metal y : tions through the use of a wall panel or tablet has 0 the converter is passed through been adopted by the Maryland Steel Company at the ‘furnace, as indicated. The analys Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The steels are as follows: : scheme of appealing to the public is so clever that Bi er! steel; C 0.45; Mn 0.9 1 photograph of the exhibit panel is here repr« my cea aaa ee ‘a $s = duced for the educational and suggestion value N 00; 1 i.4 which it has. The panel, which is of wood hung at Some of the general features « © conmi c | me end of the Maryland Steel exhibit space in the exhibit of the Maryland Steel Compa; and Hy Palace of Transportation, excites attention particu Pennsylvania Steel Company were give, n TH larly through the windows in the board containing IRON AGE of July 15. As supplementary. moni , samples of the ore, coke, limestone and the like, and may be made of some exhibits of r; ee hd 1 : ; through the miniatures of the blast furnace, con- exhibit shows, for example, a- Baltimore . verter, etc., shown. The board is calculated to show 120 lb. open-hearth rail which was subjected to ij it a glance not only the products going into and drop test on supports 3 ft. apart wit! ball weight Ht coming out of the blast furnace, but the combina- of 2000 lb. and a fall of 18 ft. A permanent | tions for Bessemer steel, for open-hearth steel or of 0.65 in. was recorded. In the case of a Pp pt for the more modern process of duplexing. sylvania 100-lb. open-hearth rail, also s} LP OPERATION AT MARYLAND STEEL COMPANY. t iat RAW MATERIAL‘ WODULITED MAYAR! IRON ORE DAIQUIRI 1RON ORE MSC : reer ” Lt a] ae vy as ~ a 2 Ld Cy _ on ” ~ 2 ed : Re i i ee ee BY A ee anaurert Se i i ih © ied] peepee ry ‘ Lad - Ss . on ON ee Oe | - —_ Pt de Oe a naa Se eel AnaaweS OF CURLER weTac ae i - = - } . BESSEMER RAR STEEL . Cee Me kd Cc AOe ~ 90% a. o. W T et \i t ’ ge B ‘ t the nar Pacifiic Exposition Exhibit of t As the letters and figures suffer yy the pnoto- permanent set of 1.10 in. Is reported i ne graphic reproduction, the following explanation of of some tests on rail joints are also show! what the tablet conveys may be made. It shows case of a joint using Mayari steel bolts, it is note { first the typical mixture per ton of 2240 l