The Iron Age 1915-04-29: Vol 95 Iss 17

TUUUESTUEEUREEEVUE UA OUBEEDE EAE U EEE EET ee POOPED EE PEATE LOUVAHUEEAN i! j TT lished 1855 New York, April 29, 1915 Vol 95 No. 17 A Machine Which Heats and Drives Rivets Heating Electrodes Combined with the Rivet Driving Punch on a Swinging Arm—Forging Another Application Frank P. Kobert of the Barnes & Kobert Mfg. mpany, Milldale, Conn., has invented and pat- ented a new type of electrical riveting and forging nachine, which has demonstrated its usefulness ind efficiency in commercial operation at the com- pany’s plant. The fundamental principle of the in- ention is the movable head which carries both the View of a Recently Developed Electric Riveting Machine in Which the El Punch for Driving lt on a Swinging Arm with a View The movement of a pivoted arm brings th punch over the work. The punch desc@nds on trip ping the press in the usual manner, and forms or upsets the head on the rivet. There is no appre ciable wear on the punch, which may be cut to im print a trademark or other impression on the rivet heads, if desired. The usefulness of the machine ectrode for Heating the Rivet Is Combine at the Rieht Showing the Swinging Arm, the EFlectrode and the Punch in Greater Deta trode and the punch. The control of the current 4 simple matter; the electrical pressure is very from 2 to 4 volts being used. The amperage high. he rivet is heated by a not highly skilled opera- e to within close approximation of the desired nperature, between 1500 and 1800 deg. F. No iger of electrical shock, it is emphasized, exists, low is the voltage. The machine does its work rapidly under commercial conditions, only 5 being required to bring a *%s-in. rivet to a rging heat. is by no means confined to riveting—it may be used with equal success in ferging metal The housings of the machine are those of a spe cially designed punch press. The upper electrode with its copper contact point and the punch are both mounted on a heavy movable arm, which is a part of the ram. The swing to the right or to the left is regulated by adjustable stops, located on the frame of the machine. The table carries the lower electrode and the die-bed which, with the dies them selves, is opened and closed by the action of the treadle at the right. The transformer is mounted 937 > he. THE in the rear, and has five positions for control of the current. Eight leads are used to give a large mass of copper and at the same time permit of flexibility in the cables making the connection with the swing- ing arm. As has been stated, the voltage is low, but the quantity of current is high. Under this arrange- ment the tendency toward heating is small, and is further reduced, practically to nothing, by a sys- tem of water cooling. One can lay his hand on the mass of copper of the electrode head without dis- comfort. The cycle of OWS: operation fol- The dies being open, the operator introduces the parts to be riveted and the rivet, and the dies. The head is swung to the right up against a stop, which brings the electrode point into exact position over the end of the shank of the rivet. ‘loses IRON AGE April 29 1915 Record of an English Blast Furnace The performance of an English blast furna campaign of 38 years is commented on by Alfred 9 Cochrane in the Proceedings of the Cleveland Ins tution of Engineers (England), under the title of “Nos; on No. 2 Ormesby Blast Furnace.” Its dim: were: Hight, 90 ft.; bosh, 28 ft.; hearth, 8 ft.: diamet, at nose of tuyeres, 6 ft.; in June, 1880, 7 ft. 4 in.: ang in 1890, 10 ft. The furnace was blown in in May. 1876, and blown out on May 30, 1914, having produce 1,365,349 tons 6 ewt. of pig iron. From 1877 t the average output per yea 23,091 tons, with a blast pri at the plug hole of 3.84 Ib., sumption of coke per ton of pig iron of 20.43 ewt. and a charge , iron ore of 66.21 ewt. In 1913 ¢ average output per year was 41,719 tons with a blast pressure at t} » ] ne lé plug hole of 5.55 lb. and a consump tion of coke per ton of pig iron of 21.60 ewt. and an iron ore ch Examples of Work Done by the Machine From Left to Right tensions o1 Bracket, While Above Are Shown Some The handle causes the contact which is main- tained until the desired heat is obtained. The lever is elevated and the head is swung to the left against the other stop when the punch is correctly located in relation to the work. The action of the left treadle causes the machine to act as a press and the rivet head is formed. In the heating position the ram cannot descend, being posi- tively locked for safety. It is claimed that the metal in the riveting process is so clean that small chance exists for the corrosion leakage and gas passages, which sometimes occur where rivets are heated in forges. The action of the punch follow- ing without appreciable delay the attainment of the correct heat is to fill the rivet hole completely with clean metal. The intention is to develop the rivet- ing machine for such work as the fabrication of structural steel and the building of boilers. All that would be required in such a design is a ma- chine having jaws of the proper depth, perhaps substituting a trip hagumer fora punch. The work would be fed to the machine on«suitable vehicles. The machine is furnished in four sizes, having capacities respectively for 14-in. rivets and smaller, \4-in. and smaller, *<-in. and smaller and this limit to 2 in. above In writing about Russia and her trade a writer in the Engineer, of London, says that no doubt in Russia indigenous names will supersede the German, and we shall see blossoming forth Kuznetzovs, Melnikovs and Shoulskis in place of the Schmidts, the Muellers and Schultzes of yore. The writer holds that it will be hard to oust the industrial, commercial and technical influence of the tenacious German after the war. He mentions that the majority of people forget that Russia is almost a German state, that the Baltic provinces, for instance, are entirely German in speech, thought and sentiment. Nearly all of the shop keepers in Petrograd and Moscow have German names. These 7g¢-In. Rivets That Have been Upset by the Machine Are a Forging, an Upset Eye and Some Studs or Ex of 66.46 ewt. There were two salamanders, an uppe! and lower, separated by a layer of kish. They analyzed as follows: Upper salamander Lowe! — salamander Center, Side, Center per cent. per cent per cent Iron es $1,12 $5.48 94.4 Mangane Se 8.28 o-UZ 0.1 Graphite , 3.45 14 2.7 Combined carbon 1.00 1.07 0.72 Silicon 1.13 1.88 1.35 Sulphur 4.60 1.07 0.09 Phosphorus 0.42 0.99 0.51 The relatively small quantity of phosphorus in the center of each salamander is pointed out as a remark able feature. Dr. Stead, after a metallographic exami- nation of specimens of the salamanders, said: “The chief point of interest is that the one half per cent. of phosphorus is completely diffused in the matrix in solid solution together with the silicon, the reason being a very long heating at tempetatures below 943 deg. C. |! had previously met with decarbonized portions of a fur- nace salamander from the Ferryhill furnaces which contained nearly,2 per cent. of phosphorus in solid solu- tion, but this is the first time I have met with cast iron containing all its carbon and silicon and as much as 0.5 per cent. of phosphorus in that dissolved con- dition. Pearlite was variable in different parts and quite absent in some portions.” An increase in the tariff on importations into Russia of 30 per cent. is announced in newspaper dispatches. According to Inspector of Finance Bark, the tariff is 4 temporary one to make up in part for the loss in revenue from the stoppage of the vodka traffic. Mr. Bark is credited with saying that Russia looks for a tremendous increase in her trade with the United States and her allies. Other. ways of making up for the loss of the vodka revenue, in all about $450,000,000, include a special war tax on railroad transportation, and on matches, .agar and other ordinary commodities. All-steel cars are being adopted on Egyptian state railroads, the first consignment of the 30 ordered hav- ing been received from Leeds, England. w%Q 1915 ecial Type of Slag Handling Crane special type of traveling crane designed for ng and handling slag and putting it into shape mmercial and loading it on was built by the Toledo Bridge & Crane Com- Toledo, Ohio, and erected at the plant of the itawney Furnace Company, Punxsutawney, The trolley of this crane is of a special design cludes complete auxiliary hoisting mechanism »ottom block, which is used in laying chains slag beds of blast furnaces and also for pull- the chains in breaking the slag. In addition to slag chain hoisting mechanism there is built the trolley a complete bucket operating mech [here is one drum for the operation of the ng and closing line and two drums for the ation of the holding lines on the bucket, the ng mechanism for the opening and closing line the holding lines being duplicate and operating endently by their own motors. lhere are four 30-hp. motors on the trolley and ) motor on the bridge. All of the motors are General Electric mill type. The two motors cars US erating the bucket mechanism are equipped with ne imic braking controllers. The trolley motor, the mechanism for the slag chains and the dge traveling motor are provided with standard trollers. he trolley, with the exception of the drum and ngs, is of steel construction throughout and is ery heavy construction to withstand the load on it when breaking the slag. The girders practically of the same design and construction any standard traveling crane, being of the eted box-section type with structural trucks lipped with rolled steel wheels and bearings of M. C. B. oil waste type. (he span of the crane is the runway is Ting Iny 75 ft. and the length approximately 150 ft. It is lipped with 1!so-yd. Hayward bucket with man- steel teeth. The maximum lift is approxi tely 30 ft. The crane can be furnished in either standard traveling or gantry type with canti- ever extensions, should they be desired. cial Traveling Crane Equipped with Auxiliary Hoisting Mechanism and Bottom Block for Laying the Chains Shown oreground in the Slag Bed and Pulling Them To Break the Slag for Commercial Use and a 1%-Y¥d Loading the Slag on Cars THE IRON AGE 939 Interlocking Brick for Hot Stoves The illustration shows a for hot-blast stoves which has been patented by Edwi E. Slick of Johnstown, Pa. The patent (U.S. 1,130,031 March 2, which withsta form of interlocking 1915) } covers a brick will the extreme changes temperature to which | } | | I | | | | } ' ) —_ - eee 4 J | | | | ' I I = ) | | i J \ Top |! \ i St, } ' : bricks ol the checker wort are aiternately supje ausing a contraction and expansion and the sudds explosions and blasts, both resulting in a shifting of the alignment and a reduction of the stove’s efficien The boundary edges of the brick are so shaped that | they will not be shifted from their original positior | They are so constructed that the regenerator flues wil be in a true alignment, so that cleaning apparatus cat be inserted easily. The illustration shows a top plat view of a section of the interlocking brick work, the brick being in plan and side elevation at one side The M. W. Kellogg Company, whose specialties ars power-plant piping and radial brick chimneys, wi move its office May 1 from 50 Church street to 90 Ws street, New York. / Es - cf a x ie | 4 ) ~ Bucket for French Steel Plants in War Time Whole Industry Enduring the Worst Blow in Its History—Many Works Operating Profitably—Plants in German Hands Large Demand for Foreign Steel BY FRANCIS MILTOUN The iron industry of France began only just previous to the Revolution scarcely a century and a quarter ago, starting as a side issue to agricul- ture, long after the textile industry had in a small way already become an established trade. In the eastern provinces, those next the German border, the old time smelting furnace was lighted when the crops had been gotten in and only extinguished with the planting of the next crop; thus the peas- ants, metayers and proprietors of these depart- ments lying between Paris and the Rhine had a source of productiveness throughout the year which many other regions lacked. It was from this that the great established iron and steel industries of France grew up, today largely localized as then in the regions to the east of Paris through which the invaders from over the Rhine marched in 1914 as they did 40 years before. The iron industry of France is centered chiefly in seven departments of the north, east and mid- sections of the country, but two departments, Meurthe et Moselle and the Nord, both of them to- day enveloped by the forces of the German armies, produce between them quite three quarters of the entire supply of the country. Meurthe et Moselle alone, of the old Province of Lorraine, furnishes today double the quantity of the other six producing departments. In this department is located one of the chief steel plants of France, the Usine de Joeuf, but ten steps from the German frontier, a part of the property, which was in full prosperity long before the Franco-Prussian war of ’71, having become German as a result of the Treaty of Frank- fort. Outside of the Lorraine output, the Depart- ments of the Saone et Loire and the Pas de Calais contribute two-thirds of the remainder of the home product. The ore used in the furnaces of French Flanders and Basse Bourgogne is, however, largely brought into these regions from other producing districts—the Alps or the Pyrenees, Spain, Elba, and above all, from France’s own North African possession of Algeria, where the celebrated Makta- el-Hadid is the veritable “mountain of iron” which its name indicates. The development of the steel industry of France is due to Schneider, the founder of the great works at La Creusot, who procured from Tasquin, a Belgian, the French rights in the English invention for producing basic steel. The chief of the Creusot company bought the rights for use in his own plant for 25,000 francs, but was constrained ultimately to pay 800,000 francs for working a process, the ownership of which was in doubt. PLANTS IN THE ENEMY’S HAND. Any consideration of the metallurgical industries of France comprehends in the first instance group- ing the elements geographically. The first region is that of the East and North, districts which are almost entirely in the hands of the invading Ger- man armies at this writing. As a result of the seven months’ battering they have received, these districts, individually and collectively, have suffered more than those of any other section where, if not an intensive, at least a modified activity has been steadily carried on. In the first rank are the famous Acieries de Longwy, one of the first fort;- fied French towns to fall before the 42-cm. Krupp guns which Germany, without so much as asking, prevented the Westphalian ironmaster from deliy- ering to the clients for whom he had made them: the Acieries de Micheville, the Forges du Nord et de l’Est and the Forges de Denain-Anzin in the midst of one of the most prolific French coalfields. These four establishments are situated in the zone actually occupied by the invading army since Aug- ust last. Here there is no possible question but that the economic value of these plants has been swept away and, so far as their value to France is concerned, it is as if they had never existed They may perhaps retain this status for years or forever should the territory come definitely to be acquired by the enemy by conquest. In the latter case never will their product find a market in France, for France will never willingly be a pur- chaser of commodities which are considered neces- sities, even from Germany. The question of the droits de gens with respect to the future of these properties is one quite apart from the present dis- cussion—a French enterprise on German soil being as undreamed of a project as a revival of the Ger- man hotel industry on the French Riviera, which in recent years had attained figures exceeding 5) per cent. of the total. Provided that these invaded regions ultimatel) revert to France it is indisputable that the set-back which the metallurgical industry will have received there will be insurmountable for many years, aggravated to some extent by the depredation which the plants have doubtless been subjected to and the practical impossibility of starting them up in full force anew. Furthermore, with regard to all these properties there is not the slightest available in- formation to hand which would indicate the exact fate which has befallen them, though it is a reason- able hazard to state that they are doubtless being worked for the enemy’s benefit. When one con- siders that the prime cost of an iron or steel plant in its most modern phase is figured in tens 0! millions of francs and its life in but comparativel) a few years it is obvious that it must be worked continuously and to the limit in order to show 4 balance on the right side of the profit and loss account. In default of having made a profit for its original owners it might conceivably happen, for one reason or another, that it might have to be scrapped and built up anew at practically a dupli- cation of its first cost, a cruel blow which, 1! !0- flicted on any one of a dozen known organizations in the danger zone, might prove one from which recovery was impossible. PLANTS IN MID-FRANCE Another prominent producing region is that © mid-France, of which that neighboring upon the headwaters of the Allier is the chief. The Forges e Messarge, in the Department of the Allier, produce 150 tons of iron in 1794 with the labor of 500 =e This was one of the first established iron plants © which there is a record in France. 940 29. 1915 rtain of the plants in mid-France have affilia- with those of other regions and since they ot been attacked, nor likely to be, they have | save the situation for the combined interests will accordingly weather the storm. Others e stricken districts, which may not be so rably situated and with small financial re- es, may not. In the first class are such ited organizations as Chatillon-Commentry and \cieries de la Marine. These two, though they sorely suffered, have been able to repair in small way the deficiencies of their balance sheets . doubled intensity of effort and output in their nlants situated in mid-France. But they have felt the temporary results of the blow which in the first davs of the mobilization robbed them of a large part if their labor. Today each has taken on a semblance f its former capacities and earning power. . Each s. and has been, a large army and navy government contractor and practically their entire outputs are commandeered at this time to that end, thus making « void in the supply of raw and semi-manufactured product which would ordinarily find its outlet in private demands, even with other concerns working to government order in supplying them with their provision of raw material usually drawn from these fountain heads. Referring again to the Lorraine frontier it is learned that what is known as the Bassin Minier de Briey and the district around Villerupt has been nvaded since early August and since the German army has kept its advances well up towards Paris ill along there has been no destroying bombard- ment by either side here and for that reason none if the attendant depredations of war have taken place within many miles. There are large combined French and German capital interests throughout this region, and obviously it has been the German nterests which have been protected during these seven months of war. The French military scheme from the first did not moreover comprehend any active campaign here which was immediately given to the invaders as a bait. East of a line drawn from Conflans-Jarney to Audun le Roman and Longuyon no combat has taken place. HE BLAST FURNACES AND MINES STILL INTACT German interests have for a long time extracted mineral in this region and it is probable that they ok to it to one day come definitely into their pos- session for all time. Their first care then was not to destroy but to conserve its resources, not to tear down but to build up. It is reported that the Ger- mans have made Professor von Kohlmann director of the school of mines at Thionville in Alsace, min- ng commissioner of all the invaded region of Lor- raine with headquarters at Villerupt. The Hauts Fourneaux de Micheville are reported ntact and those of Joeuf and Homecort ( Acieries de la Marine) have been placed under sequestration the German authorities in power, so that the resources may be conserved pending the ultimate itcome of the war. The Aubrives-Villerupt plants ire also unscathed. Of the mining properties them- selves producing iron ore those of the neighborhood | Saint Pierremont and Mouriere are still working, nough under a reduced pressure, the coal mines of Houve furnishing them electric current. The \cleries de Longwy are reported safe and the Mines Tucquegnieux which are their property are ally unaffected, as are those of Vallery, the er belonging to German interests exclusively. Srief though this specific comment is it affords THE IRON AGE 941 tate retreat takes place it is probable that conditions will change in a twinkling, for it is not likely that the German army will leave any warlike staffs on which the French army may lean as it comes up be hind. If peace terms are brought about before evacuation there is perhaps an even chance that these properties will remain untouched. Their status is, however, bound to be discounted DEMAND FOR FOREIGN SUPPLIES It is such conditions as the paralyzing of home sources of supply to a large extent and the curtail ing of the efficiencies of others which has brought about a demand for certain supplies which has al ready made itself felt in the United States, and certainly so far as private industry is concerned, there is a demand for raw and semi-finished ma terial vastly in excess of what there ever was be fore. The demand, too, will be greater before it is less. The Acieries de France have their principal plant at Isbergues in the Pas de Calais and up to the present, though the fringe of this department has suffered cruelly from the invasion, the effect has not been so far reaching as to have actually affected it, though the general mobilization of re serves and territorials, and the actual proximity of the fighting line has considerably discounted norma! working conditions. In addition these works were at the outbreak of the war undergoing a complete transformation, leading to their ultimate increased efficiency, and thus this effort has for the time being gone by the board and such product as is being turned out has been achieved under appreciably hard conditions for six months past. Commentry-Fourchambault is today in a quasi privileged situation inasmuch as its metallurgical plant in mid-France is working to the full in such lines as the times and circumstances permit, be sides which its coal deposits are being roughly worked to supply in a measure a coal shortage which has been brought about by the closed mines of the invaded districts of the north. In normal times the profits of this organization are produced about equally by its steel plant and its coal ex ploitation, but it is probable that under the present regime the latter is producing by far the largest proportion. This company is, nevertheless, paying a tribute to Germany by reason of the losses which it has undergone at Pont a Vendin, just to the north of Arras in the Pas de Calais, where it possesses a considerable interest in a steel plant situated in the very volcano crater of fire and flash- ing steel and bursting bombs. This Pont-a-Vendin enterprise has not, however, any participation in the profits of the parent organization, so it ac- quires a sort of half agreeable sensation out of the fact that nothing which has taken place has put any direct tax on its activities in the center of France. THE GREAT CREUSOT PLANT The most important of the units of the metal- lurgical industry of France is unquestionably that of the Creusot plant, which, it appears, is in alto- gether an exceptionally favorable situation as much by reason of being one of the main pivots in the national defense as by the magnitude of its opera- tions. For years the company has been by far the largest producer of common iron and steel in France and in the actual existing circumstances has suf- fered little diminution in its finished output. It is one of the world’s chief manufacturers of artil- i ae el | encouraging outlook for the present and the lery for the armies of the world and its plant 4) ‘ure in this sorely distressed region. If a precipi- shows evidence today as always of a super-activity + aad oe 4 942 which has no parallel within the borders of France. On land and sea there is a prodigious expenditure of ammunition and it may said that when a nation goes to war the whole of her metal industry must go to her support. It is along these-lines that the Creusot works is playing its great part, and this inspite of a general disorganization of labor as a result of compulsory military service. The Hauts Fourneaux de Caen, in which the Prussian firm of Thyssen was largely interested, has of course undergone a reorganization, and since their complete installation has not been achieved since the outbreak of the war, it is working under a considerable handicap, not only from this cause but also from the scarcity of labor. The ore which controls and which it cannot itself use at pres- ent can now be offered to other establishments and these newly exploited deposits of Normandy are now proved to be considerable. The annulment of the German contract has large quantities for general use. Other big French companies, more particularly devoting themselves to metal transformation, are the Société Francais de Metaux, the Tréfileries du Havre and the Electro-Metallurgie de Dives. Of these one only has undergone any direct damage; the first named, whose plant was at Givet, on the Relgian border, on a little tongue of territory al- surrounded by the invading armies and since has not for a moment had to the outside Fortunately the company operates four other plants which have in no way suffered. All three of these companies are working full on orders for semi-finished metal and parts for government be freed most an enclave, was speedily access world. account. THE GENERAL SITUATION to have as the war may not be said iron industry as seriously might have been supposed. Indeed, certain privileged plants, as has been shown, are working under ex- ceedingly profitable conditions, and will go further in this, direction as soon as production can be in- creased. It is not possible to compile rows of fig- ures for comparison with those of a former period, for many of the operations on behalf of the gov- ernment are shrouded in It is probable that the industry as a whole has suffered the worst blow of its career and some palpable losses from which recovery will be difficult if even possible in some instances. But it is also true of those plants which have not been affected that there is an under- current of quasi-prosperity which should prove a great stimulus to recovery throughout the industry Since the are working with the production of ore, of semi-finished and of finished material cannot completely fill the demands made upon them, and there is little likelihood of their meeting any outside competition, except that American plants may be able to break in in a veri- table invasion, their profitable operation seems as- sured for some time to come. What the ironmasters of France are looking for- ward to is a great development in the Lorraine basin, now largely “aggrandized,” which is the Frenchman’s naive way of saying simply that he hopes ultimately to recover by conquest all the iron- producing region which was lifted from him 40 odd years ago. In résumé, affected the secrecy. concerns which since The New York office of the Nordberg Mfg. Com- pany, Milwaukee, Wis., builder of engines of various types, air compressors, electric hoists, etc., has been moved from 42 Broadway to the new Equitable Build- ing, 120 Broadway... M..N. MacLaren is in charge. THE IRON AGE April 29 Automatic Spur and Bevel Gear Ma The E. J. Flather Mfg. Company, Nashua has brought out an automatic machine for spur and bevel gears. This machine, which is nated by the builder as its No. 2 size, will cut up to a maximum diameter of 24 in., the ma face width being 8 in. When an overhanging used, the maximum diameter of gear that handled is 17 in., and larger gears than the taken care of by an adjustable rim support. The cutter, which is mounted on an arbor in diameter ordinarily, can be adjusted sidewi machining bevel gears. The cutter is returned at rapid constant speed, the rate of return being entire- ly independent of the speed or feed of the cutte; Change gears provide for 8 different rates of speed and 12 feed changes. The cutter arbor has an oute; bearing and, if desired, can be removed and sizes other than the 7<-in. one substituted. The cutter carriage can be adjusted to any angle up to a ma) mum of 90 deg., the angle of elevation being cated by a series of graduations. The work spindle has a No. 12 Brown & Sha ry pt , New € loped Has Bee Uy to a Automati« for Gear Cutting Machine That Producing Spur and Bevel Gears mum Diameter of 24 In taper hole at the front end and is fitted to recel\ either a face plate or a fixture. A hole | in. diameter extends through the spindle for its entir length. The screw controlling the elevation of the work spindle head is mounted on ball bearings and is operated by a handwheel. The dial indicating the movement of the head is graduated to 0.001 in. The indexing mechanism operates at a constant speed. By the use of change gears all numbers of teeth from 12 to 100 and from 100 to 400, except prime numbers and their multiples, can be cut. The equipment furnished with the machine in- cludes a cutter centering indicator, tables, chang¢ gears, the necessary wrenches, a countershaft and an oil pump and fittings. The weight of the ma- chine, including the standard equipment, is approx! mately 2500 lb. Henry Potts & Co., iron and steel merchants, Real Estate Trust Building, Philadelphia, Pa., who have purchased the equipment of the Bellefonte Furnace Company, Bellefonte, Pa., together with that of the Scotia and Red Bank ore mines in that vicinity, 4re dismantling the properties and selling the machinery, all of which is in good condition. The furnace; when 1" operation, used. coke as fuel. - 29, 1915 THE IRON AGE xed-Throw Crank Grinding Machine the parts to be gauged, two hardened steel p spaced at a definite interval, an arm for multiph fixed-throw crank grinding machine, the ing the indication of the steel points \f which are designed for the rapid handling indicating the amount of deviation from the sta \kshafts when grinding pins, has been placed ard. The steel points market by the Landis Company, Waynesboro, \mong the special fea- f the machine are the ation of any necessity lexing the heads or tak- he crank out of the ma- efore it is finished and ility to use the grinding to a smaller diameter vas formerly the case. operating the machine ranks are fixed in posi- a locating pin which rs the hole in the flange the crank. These holes, h were drilled centrally the pins, are finally used hen clamping the flywheel to crankshaft. Both sin- gle and double throw cranks be accommodated by the es , eads, which are particularly avid Handling of Crankshafte Gee Vin ase Beas Gree one ie Taree os adapted for cranks having a a a a a oe ; flay re. and a scale f , + . 1 are cut at an angie usec The throw on the machine can be changed by 60 deg., to enter the threads readily and are spaced ising other crank carrying fixtures which can be either ‘2 or 1 in. apart. The plugs are placed in furnished to handle double-throw cranks up to 6 in. the thread of the tap, as shown, and any variatior and single-throw cranks up to 8 in. When the from the standard spacing is indicated by the mo\ former are being machined, it is pointed out that ing of the pivoted arm which extends back to the only changes necessary are the loosening of the point adjacent to the scale. This arm bears against clamping bolts in the crank carrying fixtures and the multiplying lever alongside of it, and the varia the turning of the crank around to grind the other tion from the standard is indicated by the pointer throws, passing over the scale at the left. The screw hold "he design of the heads permits the wheel to be ing block is milled to hold both large and sma worn down to a smaller diameter than is usually the diameter pieces. case. It is pointed out, however, that it is not pos- sible to use the wheel entirely up when grinding but it can be worn down to.a much smaller eter grinding line bearings. An invention which depends on the oe - carburizing agent which the inventor, Samue! S. Eve A New Carburizing Agent land, of Bryn Mawr, Pa., in his patent (U. S. 1,133,621 March 30, 1915) claims is more efficient in yielding Indicator for Testing the Lead of Taps up its carbon to metals and in causing it to penetrat : than substances heretofore used. is applicable not he Remington Tool & Machine Company, Bos- to the ordinary case-hardening process, but also Mass., has placed on the market a lead indica- cementation processes where large masses or plat: ‘his is a development of the line of special of metal are carburized. The material specified w lead indicators which have been made in the Vegetable substance containing a suffi ient am ia . —s ‘ar ‘ a nitrogenous constituent e pulpy mat or firms maintaining close screw standards. —n ane sir wes = ") ; phe pu . - or ‘ ‘Q ains s »Y : sue: } . npeen extracter designed for measuring the longitudinal pite nai ger Age ag ge seer ice. gees be aa ing the longitudinal pitch from the beet is abundant and consists of a fibrow ead of taps. As : ‘ mass which contains, in addition to carbohydrates, ove will be noticed from the accompanying en-_ = per cent. of protein, a nitrogenous substance. Th ng, the device consists of a block for holding inventor emy loys this material, dried or more o1 e charred, in the usual way ar! finds that the carburizatior more uniform and of great depth than that usually secure It is believed that the genous compounds effect easy and uniform penetrat the carbor Swedish state railroads a reported to have recently tracted for 200,000 tons of Ger man coal briquettes and 72,00! tons of German coke , mi ture of the two is to be used a a locomotive fuel on some lines The price is considerably z ' ws than that of British coal An Indicator for Measuring the Lead of Screws and Taps 944 Book Reviews Engineering Office Systems and Methods. Davies. Pages 544, 6x9% Published by McGraw-Hill New York. Price $5. By John P. in.; illustrations, 244. Book Company, Inc., The engineers and draftsmen of an iron works doing contracting and erecting of such structures as docks, railroads, power houses, etc., in foreign lands are in a position where omissions and mistakes are likely to be serious, to say the least. There was not long ago a cartoon in an engineering magazine, labeled “The Suc- cessful Bidder.” The picture showed the engineer sit- ting at his desk reading a letter of acceptance and say- ing to himself “What did I forget?” The author in his engineering experience has made a collection of notes covering not only the various propositions that came to him but extracts from engineering magazines and catalogues containing points on engineering office matters. Starting with the preliminary investigation of special engineering projects, such as sugar mills, power houses, water works, piers and bridges, the book out- lines the methods that may be used and points that are not to be forgotten in preparing the design and making up the estimate. The sections on foundations and soil testing outline with illustrations the various methods that can be followed under varying conditions. The book supplies sets of reminders on typical projects; and matters of transportation have not been overlooked. It will often be necessary to have a clearance diagram of the heaviest and largest pieces for transport over a railroad line. Similarly dock and pier or wharf work necessitates information concerning the character of the sea-bed and class of vessels that will lie alongside the wharf, also the government regulations that must be complied with. The outline for preliminary data on the sugar cane factory is suggestive for similar sched- ules for other industrial plants. When the proposition enters the designing room, it is looked at from the standpoint of the man on the board; and there are sets of reminders that can be consulted either before or after the completion of the design, to make sure that there were no serious omis- sions or errors. Here there are outlines for design of such items as a steel-frame office building, machinery foundations, electric traveling cranes and others of various nature which, if they could not be exactly applied, would perhaps suggest similar outlines. The checking of drawings gives considerable space to struc- tural steel matters, and reasons for the failures of some engineering structures. Most young engineers will welcome the aid in writing specifications. It would be very annoying to draw up an elaborate set of specifi- cations for material on a foreign contract and find that one had neglected to specify that the material must be knocked down for ocean shipment. In purchase office methods and forms, the author has not only outlined a system for engineering offices, but gives samples of forms and letters. Passing through cost keeping with the various methods of time keeping and overhead expenses, we are led into the cost of various items; and from the cost of items into general construction costs and estimates. Here are also found a set of reminders for various engineering estimates. The office engineer or draftsman, who occasionally is sent out on inspection work, meets conditions unusual to the man on the board; and some of the matter con- tained in this book on inspecting and testing material has been gathered from various works on that subject, including the samnvling and analyzing of materials of construction, as well as shop and field inspections. Both foreign and domestic shipping is reviewed, and typical examples are given of the details, such as bills of lading and freight classifications. In the progress of engineering work, it is necessary, especially in large offices where many jobs are going forward simultaneously, to maintain progress charts and follow-up systems. Methods are shown here for graphically illustrating the conditions of work and scheduling systems. In fact. a typical scheme is out- lined for filing, indexing and recording movements of various classes of data in a small engineering office, THE IRON AGE April 29, 915 even to details of loose leaf binders and index with points on cataloguing and filing. Mainly a reference book for draftsmen and «. \¢ ing engineers, there is a great deal in the bo will not be particularly interesting to the he large and well organized offices. To young eng ):cers the book will clear up many points that appear cated. Machine Shop Practice. By William J. Kaup. |'ayes 199 + xii, 5x8 in.; illustrations, 163. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York Cit, Price $1.25. The aim of this book, apparently, is to set down i; brief form the elementary facts pertaining to shop practice ordinarily acquired by students of a manual training course. The author’s desire is to arouse j; the student a train of thought leading to a definite con clusion rather than to present a complete or advanced treatise on shop practice. The book opens with two chapters on vise work, which deal with chipping and filing respectively, and covers also scraping and hand tooling; gives a little on materials of construction and their application, and takes up in some detail the commoner forms of drill presses, planers and shapers, lathes, boring mills and milling machines. The illustrations should prove of value to the student. Some idea as to the tools used on these machines is given, and in another part of the book, chapters describe the simpler types of cutting tools, their construction and their application to different metals. A chapter on grinding is worthy of note, as it pre- sents a subject ordinarily overlooked in treatises of this type. It is treated in a manner calculated to set the student thinking on a phase of machine shop prac- = which is claiming much attention in the modern shop. A concluding chapter, on system, relates to the clerical work in a machine shop and seems somewhat out of place. The Art of Estimating the Cost of Work. By William B. Ferguson, naval constructor, U.S.N. Pages, 97, 5% x8 in. Published by the Engineering Maga- zine, New York. Price $1. In the hope that at some distant day the art of esti- mating may become a science, the author has contrib- uted this small work as an incomplete discussion on this subject. It is mainly complied from memoranda which he issued from time to time to various members of the hull estimating and planning staff at U. S. Navy yards and is the result of his experience in preparing and checking estimates on ship repairs and construc- tion, including days work, piece work and premium systems. Methods of showing costs by curves are out- lined and the reduction of costs to a unit basis, such as costs per pound, per foot, per yard, per number or per completed group. Rather than guess the cost 0! driving rivets, he analyzes the case of scattered rivets, points out the piece rate paid the workman per rivet and how much time must be allowed for preparation when the work is not continuous. The cost of material in estimating presents little difficulty and the writer has rightly dealt with the uncer- tain quantity or the cost of labor. There are consid- erable cost data on ship plate work with actual costs on estimating, planning and ordering material, and some points on developing an estimating bureau. The printing of the book is poor and it will interest few except those of the shipyards and boiler shops. But to these it offers interesting data on their class of work with suggestions for eliminating haphazard methods in estimating. Installing Efficiency Principles. By C. E. Knoeppel. Pages, 258-4 viii, 7x10 in.; illustrations, 10%. Published by the Engineering Magazine, New York City. Price $3. In the past few years much has been written on the subject of efficiency as applied to works management. Much of this writing has been in the abstract only, and it is but recently that books similar to “Installing Eff- ciency Principles” have appeared wherein a definite 2g. 1915 made to treat the broad subject of efficiency applied and practical standpoint. ,uthor in presenting facts which embrace sub- diversified as the taking of time study on hocolates and the best manner in which to lay el mill, leads up to them by five introductory In these chapters is pictured a supposed w between an efficiency engineer and the board tors of a moderate sized concern which is rapidly hing bankruptcy. The author uses this method ¢ other things to bring home to both manager nd engineer the broad scope of efficiency work not only » questions to be answered but also by actual facts vieaned from practice. Having led up to the actual commencement of install- ng efficiency principles, lengthy chapters follow which jiseuss respectively: Time-study, the planning de- partment, standardizing the working conditions, and the bonus plan of wage payment. Much data are con- tained in these chapters, all of which represent the uthor’s applied practice. The chapter on time-study s faulty because it does not develop the final conclusions and application of this kind of work. The book is concluded by a chapter called the effi- ency clearing house, which reviews in detail the results obtainable by the application of efficiency prin- ciples, and by a chapter on manufacturing costs wherein the reader is referred to the works of A. Hamilton Church for more exhaustive reading on the subject. gc RB. “Dry Rot in Factory Timbers” is the title of a pamphlet issued by the Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, Milk street, Boston, calling attention to the losses caused by dry rot in structural timbers and suggesting methods of combating this disease. The fact that the “commercial longleaf pine” the market is composed of a variety of grades of pine, some very susceptible to dry rot fungi, has com- plicated the problem for factory owners. Where it is impossible for a firm to have its timber selected by a personal representative, it is suggested that the build- ng be thoroughly heated after its completion, moisture ind temperature being controlling factors in the life nd spread of dry rot fungi. Of the artificial anti- septics in use, soaking timber in a weak solution of ‘rosive sublimate is most widely indorsed. The As- ciated Companies are working for standard specifica- ns in the grading of longleaf pine as a means of pro- to owners and builders. At present, expensive experiments are being conducted by the Department ' Agriculture and the University of Wisconsin to de- ne causes of fungi and new preservative processes timber Information regarding benzol and coal tar products ‘given in Technical Paper 89 of the United States De- partment of the Interior, by Horace C. Porter. It in- ides a chapter on “Coal Tar Products Used in Explo- ives.” Dyestuffs and carbolic acid are also discussed. ‘Stimates place the output of light oil or benzol in this ountry at 4,500,000 gal. in 1913. It is stated that the possible annual production, if the recovery process were applied to all the coal made into coke and gas in this ‘ountry, would be over 100,000,000 gal. New benzol recovery plants now being constructed in connection with by-product coke ovens will add probably 2,000,000 gal. to the annual output. k _ “Houses for Mining Towns” is the title of Bulletin ‘, of the Bureau of Mines, United States Department ne Interior, by Joseph H. White. It concerns im- evements that go to shield the miner and his family unnecessary sickness and discomfort, as found in ican mines, the information being based on visits e by a author. It is illustrated by 17 plates and ographs. * Amer "he Smelting of Copper Ores in the Electric Fur- by Dorsey A. Lyon and Robert M. Keeney, is the ' Bulletin 81 of the Bureau of Mines of the United Department of the Interior. It is one of a series fy with the application of the electric furnace to melting of ores and the manufacture of alloys. THE IRON AGE 945 The authors discuss the possibility of smelting coppe ores in the electric furnace, the results of the experi mental work of other investigators on the electric smelt ing of copper, also the results of experiments by the authors on the electric smelting of native copper con centrates and sulphide copper ores, and make a com parison of the electric furnace with the blast furnacs and reverberatory furnace for copper smelting From the office of Robert H. Patchin, secretary the National Foreign Trade Council, New York, ha come a substantial volume containing the official re port of the Second National Foreign Trade Conventio held at St. Louis, January 21 and 22, 1915. The papers read at this convention were of unusual value and the proceedings were marked by discussions which brought out more of real importance on the vital phases of this country’s export trade than has been produced at any similar gathering. The full report, including all pa pers and discussions and the list of those in attendance, takes up 284 pages. The book is cloth bound and the pages are 6 x 9 in. The second volume of “The Seal of Safety,” the yearbook of the canning machinery built by the Max Ams Machine Company, Mt. Vernon, N. Y., has been issued. As compared with the first volume appearing approximately one year ago, the number of pages has been increased from 141 to 206. Lists of associations in the canning and packing industries are given, with a number of reference tables covering points of interest to the canner. Some 48 pages of illustrations and de scriptive matter are presented, embodying the various types of machines that are built for use in connection with the making of cans. Shop Progress is the name of a new monthly publi cation issued by the Cleveland Crane & Engineering Company, Wickliffe, Ohio. For a long time this com pany has been issuing a house organ called Crane-ing as an aid to its selling department, but the new paper is devoted entirely to its employees, being one of the various means that has been adopted to encourage fellowship, loyalty and efficiency among the workmen The paper contains interesting contributions by ©. Robbins, the general manager, other articles of and personal and newsy items about employees and hap penings in the p‘ant. interes A pamphlet prepared under the direction of the Chemists’ Committee of the United States Steel Corpo ration on the sampling and analysis of alloy steels ir now being distributed to its various chemical laborato ries. This makes the fifth pamphlet so distributed, the purpose of which is to unify and simplify methods of analysis. The first four pamphlets covered the sampling and analysis of iron ores, pig iron, plain steels and gases. To limit requests for copies of these pamphlets a charge of $1 each is now being made to persons and firms outside the corporation. The Vulcan Process Company, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn., has issued a third edition of its textbook on oxy-acetylene welding and cutting. The book is de signed to give