The Iron Age 1915-01-14: Vol 95 Iss 2

HEOSULUTEETEEUUUEDEVEDDDDODEDE DUET A ERA UEEEER TE AEETELTEDTATT ETAT A TEATRO Wi ! THVUHAETHE Pie PPUUULELELLLLE LUE L Lr iit PULTE EEE stablished 1855 New York, January 14, 1915 Vol. 95: No. 2 Automobile Foundry Core-Room Economies Rearrangement of a Plant to Facilitate the Movement of Materials and Product —Saving Time and Labor in Pasting Cores The Detroit Foundry Company, Detroit, Mich., like those shown in the middle of the illustration perates a large jobbing foundry in which the work were used. The sand, drvers, re plates, core almost wholly for automobile manufacturers. boxes and other supplies are delivered to the work lhe problem presented is to produce the greatest men from an alley back of the benches, the sand itput in a minimum space and with a minimum being shoveled into the hopper shown and the othe mount of handling. The development of the work, supplies delivered to the shelves above the bench Fig. 1—For Cores Which Can Stand Some Handling, Benches Like Those in the Middle Are Used Sa Supplie Delivered from the Alley Back of Them. Core Cars at Right and Machine Benches t the changed conditions of the market, and the The individual existing benches were refitted t ‘-hange in the design of machines have necessitated meet these requirements. Individual rather than many changes in the foundry practice. To meet mritiple benches were used as eliminating the dif these it was necessary to increase the output of ficu.ty arising from one workman’s jarring the the core ovens as well as the output of the core bench on which another workman is trying to draw room. At the same time it was desired to use the a core box or conduct some similar delicate opera- existing equipment as far as practicable. tion. Fig. 1 shows a view in one part of the core The core makers place their cores directly on the room which illustrates several features of the de- core cars shown at the right. In the background velopment. For medium-sized cores which were may be seen cores placed on racks, where they are fairly bulky and could stand some handling, benches given an inspection while still in the green state 131 THE IRON AGE and then placed on the core cars by At the left of the delivery alley shown in the center of the picture there is a series of machine benches. These are arranged with pockets or bins into which the sand can be shoveled from the back, and with shelves to receive the wires, dryers and other supplies required by the core makers. The machines are of the roll-over type and are located along the face of the benches so that the man always has his core sand and bedding sand ready at hand in the bins. The cores made on the roll-over ma- chines are placed on the racks opposite the machines the inspectors. January 14, 19] and are taken from the racks by inspectors who pass them on to the core ovens. The more delicate most of which are made on the roll-over machines, are dried in drawer-type ovens. The ovens are arranged to work under forced draft. The original equipment consisted of a bat- tery of four Byram car ovens and four Byram drawer ovens. Three additional car ovens were constructed under the design of the H. M. Lane Company, Detroit, and these were also made by the Byram Company. The battery of seven car ovens are fired from one fire box and the four drawer cores, Fig. 3—Turn-table Bench for Pasting Cores in Dry Sand Molds nary 14, 1915 ; from another. The ovens are also provided exhaust fans to insure a positive draft under veather conditions. (he cores from the ovens pass through a sorting inspection department where the different ses of work are separated and prepared for the lers. Fig. 2 shows the series of inspection and ting benches. At the time this illustration was en active production was not going on, but the thed of operation is as follows: The core cars brought in on the left beyond the range of the ture and the cores are taken from the cars to the igh storage racks. From these they are passed through the racks behind the work bench so that h man always has a supply of cores immediately ehind him. On the work bench the cores are eaned, the vents opened, any blacking done, and any pasting required. The core is then set on the back of the bench and is later removed men who pass through the alley behind the enches with small push carts which carry the cores either to the final storage or to the ovens for drying pasted or blackened cores. The aim is to keep two s’ supply of cores ahead of the foundry to nsure maximum production. The smaller cores are handled in wooden tote boxes and the larger es on trucks. In this foundry most of the work is done in dry sand molds and the cores are assembled and pasted in the mold. Fig. 3 shows a turn-table bench for pasting cores in the molds. On each of the benches hown in the foreground there are two square turn tables. The laborer places a mold at the front of the turn table. The workman stands behind the table and swings the turn table around to bring the mold in front of him. Two men stand in a small space surrounded by racks which are supplied with res from the back. The mold is cleaned, the cores fitted and then pasted in place. After this the workman spins the table around, moving the fin- shed mold to the front and bringing another empty one in front of him. In Fig. 3 the workman near- est the camera had two completed molds on his table while the man at his right had one mold completed and was about to turn it around to bring an empty one before him. After the cores are pasted in the molds the mold is taken to the oven to dry the paste. Device for Changing Rolling-Mill Rolls Letters patent (U. S. No. 1,115,106) have re- cently been issued to W. H. Ramage, Youngstown, Ohio, on a device for changing rolls in rolling mills. It is designed to remove one roll and put a new one in its place in 10 to 30 min., and thus reduce mill delays due to changing rolls. Such an appliance is calculated to effect economies in operating costs as well as relieve the mill superintendent from one of his principal annoyances. As shown in the accompanying drawing, which illustrates the mechanism at the beginning of opera- tions about to remove a roll from the housings, the levice consists of an inverted L-shaped carrier, a, of |-beam or box girder section or a steel casting. The wer end b of the vertical leg is a casting made to fit the wobbler of the rolls, and a slight taper is provided in the inner surface to enable it to be igaged to the roll, or removed therefrom, quickly d easily. The hook of an overhead traveling crane *ngages the rider c, which is free to move along the »per or horizontal leg of the carrier, as is also the interweight d which is calculated to balance the rtical leg of the carrier. Both c and d are moved rward or backward along this horizontal leg by THE IRON AGE 133 the screw e, operated by the rope or chain wheel f, which is protected from injury by a steel plate guard, g. The pitch of the screw e is different at points c and d, being proportioned to keep the coun + practices - . Ww ¥ ‘ f/ ; : } = — ———— ~ 4 , _ os ind \ J ; 7 7 i i | } rf | ; “a 4 | terweight d in such a position that it will alway balance the vertical leg of the carrier when the rider ¢ is moved forward or backward. Suppose a roll suddenly breaks in the mill. While the millwright is loosening the boxes in the hous ings, the cranemen pick up the roll changer. If the crane hook is not directly over the center of gravity, a helper on the mill floor, by a few short pulls on the chain, puts the rider, and thus the crane hook, over the center of gravity of the device, as follows: As c moves, 7 also moves, but a different distance, owing to the difference in the pitch of the screw The entire device is now moved up by the crane and attached to the wobbler of the roll. A bar inserted through the stirrups h will enable this to be done with ease. The apparatus is proportioned so that the point of suspension then comes over the center of gravity of the roll and any slight variation due to wear may be corrected by adjusting the chain wheel f. This means that the roll remains horizontal when lifted from its bearings and carried about by the roll changer. Friction due to the weight of the roll prevents the carrier’s slipping off before desired. Then the crane runner, by moving his crane in the direction of the long axis of the roll, carries the roll though the housings, and can proceed with it to any desired point. The next step is to put in the new roll. The casting b grips the wobbler of the new roll, the entire arrangement is balanced by adjustment of f, and the crane shoves the roll endwise through the housing and drops it into the roll-boxes, ready for the millwright. The casting is loosened from the wobbler, and the crane carries the roll changer to its appointed place of storage. For convenience of storage, the roll changer can be so constructed that it may be folded back upon itself and occupy little space when not in use. bs a Lua wig am aot pera. PTS <6 ewe RF at. Soremsiey Se Three Recently Developed Die Heads A new type of self-opening die head designed to cut extremely short threads as well as ordinary lengths, both fine and coarse pitch, and large and small diameters on hand screw machines, turret lathes and other machines on which the tool is not revolved, has been brought out by the National- Acme Mfg. Company, Cleveland, Ohio. This is one of three types of die heads recently developed by this company. One of the other types is designed for ordinary threading work that is not extremely short on similar machines on which the tool is not revolved. These two types are generally known as hand die heads. The third series is designed for use on automatic screw machines, both cutters and other machines on which the threading tools re- volve while cutting. Both of the hand die heads are designed for work of large and small diameter and fine and coarse pitch and to cut clear up a shoulder. The three types have a number of similar fea- tures. They are simple in design and construc tion, having few parts. They do not have the usual cap over the face. This is omitted to permit the free circulation of cutting lubricant through the head so that grit and chips, which are quite likely to get into any die head, may be readily washed THE IRON AGE January 14, 19 5 finishing cuts can be taken. Smaller sizes are p vided with a knurled finger lever for releasing | chasers by hand. In adjusting the regular hand die head on t ret or hand screw machines after the die head set in the tool slide or turret of the machine, t stop is screwed back out of the way and the fi: thread is cut to the length desired. Then the n chine is stopped at that point with the chasers s engaged in the thread and the cam ring still be ing on the chasers. The stop is then screwed i and forced forward until the tool slide or turret is pulled back sufficiently to open the gap in the die head. The stop is further screwed up until the cam ring slides off the cammed chasers. Whe the gap is fully opened the chasers are released as the bearing arms of the cam ring slide down the bevels on the top of the chasers, and the chasers spring open and slightly back from the end of the thread. In the short-thread tool the bearing arms the cam ring rest on the extreme tops of the chasers on the edges of the square cut shoulders when the sides are closed for cutting. When the forward travel of the die hood or cup is stopped, and as the lead of the thread begins to pull the chasers for- ward, the bearing arms of the cam ring drop down to the shoulders of the chasers, releasing them in- Views of Three New Types of Die Heads That Have Been P ( g Extremely Short Threads, an Adjustable Die for Aut Us W here out by the flow of the oil or compound. It is claimed that this feature with the simplicity of parts makes the heads practically self-cleaning, and that chok- ing or clogging with the attendant delays is avoided. Both series of hand die heads are the same in many of their important features, the principal difference being in the methods of opening and clos- ing and in the design of the chasers. In the regu- lar type the chasers are cammed on the top and beveled from the front to the back. The bearing arms of the cam ring slide up and down these bevels in opening and closing. In closing the hand lever works from front to back and operates the chaser blocks. In the die head for short threads the chasers are also cammed at the top, but are square shouldered from front to back instead of being beveled. As the bearing arms of the cam ring drop down on the square shoulders in the short- thread die head instead of sliding down bevels the opening action, it is emphasized, is quick and sen- sitive, making it possible with this head to get on an extremely short piece and cut the thread the full length and open the die without damaging the thread or shoulder. In closing the hand lever works sidewise and operates the cam ring. Adjustment is made through a screw against which the clos- ing lever rests, the amount of adjustment being regulated by the graduated gauge on top of the head. When desired a small cam is provided at the base of the hand lever so that roughing and ed on the Market From Left to Right They Are a Dié tic Serew Machines nd the Regular Hand Die Head 01 Is Not Revolved stantly, this instantaneous action being equally sen- sitive on large and small diameters and on fine and coarse threads. When the forward travel of the die hood is stopped by the knockout stop and the proper length of thread has been cut, both types of hand die open automatically at the proper point on the next piece. If the length of thread must be exact a slight further adjustment of the stop may in some cases be necessary. The principle of fixing the travel and the point of opening for the hand die head by the adjustable stop applies to all types of machines, but the method of adjusting the stops must be governed by the construction of the machine. The die head for use on automatic screw ma- chines, bolt cutters and other machines on which the threading tool is revolved while cutting, is opened and closed automatically, while revolving, by a tripping device. On the maker’s automatic the die head opens when the forward travel of the hood is stopped, the lead of the thread pulling the chasers in the body out of the bearing arms of the cam ring. In closing, as the turret of the machine moves backward, the hood or shell of the die head is held by the yoke of the tripping device, and the turret then pulls the die body and chasers back into the shell until the chasers come under the bearing arms of the cam ring, when the whole head moves back with the turret as far as it goes. The auto- matic head can also be used for knurling instead of thread cutting by the substitution of knurling nuary 14, 1915 ks for threading chasers. ne as for threading. [he chasers of the three types of die heads can quickly taken out by removing the screws that d them without disturbing any of the other The operation is the shaft and Forging Centering Machine lo enable the centers of shaft and solid gun rgings to be determined quickly and accurately, Detrick & Harvey Machine Company, Balti- re, Md., has developed a centering machine. As noted from the accompanying illustration, the machine consists of two headstocks and se carriages mounted upon a bed similar in gn to that of an ordinary lathe. Both the car- ages and the headstocks can be adjusted by hand through a rack and pinions to any position on the ed to accommodate various lengths of the work. will noticed further from the engraving that in the vise carriages there is an internal wedge which directly in line with the spindles mounted in the headstocks. In this way it is possible to adapt machine for different pieces ranging from 2 14 in. in diameter, as when the vise is screwed to accommodate the smaller sizes, the position of he wedge does not change and the stock is gripped that the center line of the piece being handled in the proper relation to the spindles. Each headstock has a drilling spindle with ball hrust bearing and bronze bushed bearings. Thess pindles are directly connected by gearing with a whide idler to a 5-hp. adjustable-speed motor vith a range of from 3 to 1. Each headstock i: entirely independent and the use of long high-speed hafts is avoided. The spindles have a fine hand eed which is controlled by a handwheel through worm gearing and a quick movement controlled by pider handles. The former is thrown in auto- natically when the operator has finished using the quick traverse. The spindles have a No. 4 Morse taper and the operating speeds range from 90 to 160 r.p.m. The vise carriages have two sets of steel grips to accommodate different diameters of work, the jaws being operated by the handle on the front of the vise. In addition to the vises there ire two jack screws which may be placed on any portion of the ways. These are designed for use n chucking and supporting heavy work. The machine will handle work up to a maximum diameter of 14 in. and a maximum length of 12 ft. Che weight of the machine is approximately 16,000 b. The equipment furnished includes oil pumps ind the necessary piping for conveying cutting ubricants to the drill in one headstock and the ounterbore in the other. iif De two de- THE IRON AGE 135 Motor-Driven Inverted Drilling Machine b> A machine that reverses the customary and drills from the bottom upward by the Foote-Burt Company, Cleveland, is intended for drilling 0.90 per cent. 1 or 5 in. in diameter and 20 in. long. ture from the usual arrangement, it possesses the advantage that the driving spindle held rigidly at the bottom of the bration is reduced to a minimum on is of small size and 24 in. In reality practice is being built Ohio. It carbon billets This depar is emphasized, machine, and the drill, which long. the head of the machine is a gy Tor holding the pieces two additional sets of jaw and are provided to grip the upper and lower portion + of the billet, this being relied upon to insure center ing. An additional means for holding the billet ir place is provided by a jack screw. The machine driven by an & hp. Westinghouse direct-current adjustable-speed motor, operating at from 800 to 1600 control r.p.m. The speed Westinghouse drun tvpe secured Db controller which is mount ed on an iron framework attached to the rear the machine bed adjacent to the motor An Interesting Type of Motor-Driver Long Smali-Diameter Billets in Which Machine for Drilling the Drill Cuts Upward oe > 136 THE IRON AGE A STATIONARY BOILER STOKER A Locomotive Type with a Set of Crushing Rolls and Variable Feeding Mechanism The Kincaid Stoker Company, 507 East Pear! street, Cincinnati, Ohio, has brought out a new type of stoker for stationary boilers. The apparatus 1 entirely self-contained and is hinged on a fram bolted to the boiler front. In applying this stoke1 to a boiler that is already installed, it is pointed out that the only changes required in the setting or the boiler front are the removal of the firedoor and the attachment of a firedoor frame. If desired, the stoker can be swung entirely clear of the boiler whenever it is necessary to clean the fire or for an) other occasion that may arise. In the accompanying illustration the stoker is shown in position at th left, while the view at the right illustrates ho easily it may be swung out of the way. The small insert drawing gives details of the construction and operation of the stoker. The coal is fed toward the furnace in certain predetermined quantities, varying between 3 oz. and 2 |lb., according to the capacity of the furnace, b the worms and crusher rolls a. It is pointed out that the employment of crusher rolls makes it po sible to use coal of any size from slack up to 8 in across, as well as mixed sizes, such as run of min etc. After the coal has been crushed it drops int a rectangular space, b, directly in front of the ran c, Which is actuated by a steam piston that can be seen at the right of the hopper in t of the engraving. The worms a work intermit tently, so that when the ram is delivering a blow against the coal in the space b no fuel is being fed forward. The movement of withdrawing the ram preparatory to the next blow causes the worms to turn through a predetermined portion of a revolu tion. This arrangement, it is pointed out, caus the same quantity of coal to be fed to the ram for each successive blow, this quantity being cap able of ready variation by changing the throw of I he left portion The Two Views of a Stationary Stoker for Boilers Showing It in Position January 14, 191 the ratchet arm by which the worms are turne A rapidly acting valve admits steam to one si of the piston, which drives the ram in much t) same way that air is admitted behind the piston « a pneumatic hammer. This arrangement is reli upon to give rapid acceleration, and at the end the blow the piston is cushioned by a small quantit of steam trapped in the end of the cylinder, whi relied upon to eliminate any mechanical sho when the ram is brought to rest for the retu stroke. The pressure of the steam admitted behi1 the piston is varied by an adjustable traveli: mechanism to enable blows of four different inte: sities to be struck. The first or weakest stroke di livers the charge of coal over the front quarter the fuel bed, a second-degree blow delivers the fu to the next section of the bed and so on, the sprea ing being accomplished by the distributer plate d. The exhaust from the ram cylinder is led to rectangular nozzle, e, measuring “x x 3 in., and th ‘le of events is timed so that a blast of exhaus steam emerges at e at the Same time that a charg: of coal reaches the distributer plate. The stean thus assists in spreading the coal over the variou portions of the fuel bed, the intensity of the blas of exhaust steam varying directly with the fore of the stroke of the ram. The character of th preading is dependent upon the contour of the dis tributer plate d, which is varied to suit furnaces of different shapes and proportions. Varying the number of charges of coal thrown per minute and also the size of the individual harges are the means employed to accommodate the fluctuations in the demand on the boiler, the former being the principal method employed. This change in speed is accomplished by a small steam pilot piston, the speed of which in turn is controlled by a small water resistance piston to which it is yoked. The resistance of the water piston is varied by constricting or enlarging the passage through which the water is forced to flow from one end of the cylinder to the other. This arrangement, it is pointed out, gives easy hand and automatic control. cy( and Swung Back to Permit the Fire to Be Cleaned Insert at the Top Gives Details of Its Construction and Operation New Ball-Bearing Polishing Machine recent addition to the line of grinding and ng machines built by the F. E. Wells & Son any, Greenfield, Mass., is one equipped with earings and designed for an underdrive. This feature, it is emphasized, affords complete to the operator, as the driving belt is Ordinarily the machine is driven attached to the ceiling of the floor be hat on which the machine is installed, although where the machine is used in a uilding the shaft can be placed in a trench he bearings supported by the floor stand, this the arrangement the builder in its plant. tion inclosed. snatt cases one- used by he spindle runs in SKF ball bearings, inclosed lude dust and grit. The machine as illustrated wn equipped for grinding with a short spindle, brings the wheels close to the bearings. An ess belt is used to drive the machine, an idler nt Design of Polishing Machine s and an Under Drive with Ball selow Equipped from the Floo1 illey located inside the bed being employed to tighten the belt when it is desired to start the ma- nine. The handle at the side of the machine oper- ites this pulley, being raised to bring the idler into ntact with the belt and lowered to stop the ma- nine, The principal dimensions of the machine are liameter of spindle, 144 in.; hight of spindle from or, 36 in.; size of base, 17 x 22 in., and net weight machine, 510 lb. Another machine is being built with the drive an overhead countershaft. It is the same as the one illustrated, but will weigh 425 lb. When er machine is arranged for grinding the spindle %6'5 in. long and projects 7 in. on each side, ie when used for polishing the spindle is 48 in. ‘ and projects 13 in. on each side. sworth Haring has opened an office at 114 Liberty et, New York City, as a steel specialist. He will ile metals and specialties of various kinds, and in tion is prepared to give advice as to the grade of best suited for any particular purpose. The lines lled include high-speed and tool steels, steel balls, net, sheet and strip steels, drill rods, wire, nickel, ngs, hack saw sheets, etc. THE IRON AGE 137 New Arbor Press for Automobile Work For handling heavy tories, repair shops, ete. rigidity work in where high are essential Atlas Kalamazoo, factors, the Press Company, Mich.., { eeded which has the G. T. Eames suc Company, has placed two types of arbor presses on the market. Several improvements have been incorporated in the de | sign of these two presses, which are des ignated as the No. 26 and 28 sizes. Among | these are the ability t adjust the swinging plate over the openings in the base to accomm: s ; a date any size of work ‘ readily, the employment of a very long bearing \\ for the ram and ready access to the front of the machine from all dire tions. A lock is provided for the ram, which is r¢ lied upon to keep it In any desired. position that may Chuck Company Reorganizes and Expands The Chuck Company, Hartford, ‘ whose founder and president, Austin F. ¢ November 29, 1914, has the founder and urer of the company since 1885, has beer dent and Cushman ishman, died been reorganized Eugene | Cushman, son of and treas secretary chosen presi a new board of directors has been elected. The officers and directors follow: President, E. L. Cushmar vice-president (newly created office), A. P. Sloan; treas urer, Richard Cushman; secretary, Frederick H. Dean; ‘directors, E. L. Cushman, A. P. Sloan, Arthur E. Cush man, Richard Cushman and Harry E. Sloan. The new directors are: A. E. Cushman, Richard Cushman and H. E. Sloan, all of whom have been with the company many years. A. P. Sloan, who has been superintendent of the factory, becomes works manager and Harry E. Sloan, who has been a foreman, is made superintendent Mr. Dean, the new secretary, has been assistant secr: tary 20 years. The company has bought from the American Hard ware Corporation, New Britain, the plant formerly o cupied by the Universal Machine Screw Company at 806 Windsor street, Hartford. After alterations are made the Cushman Company will remove from its pres ent quarters at 30 Cushman street to its new building, which will permit of an expansion of the business. The property has a frontage of 351 ft. on Windsor street and 275 ft. along the tracks of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad and contains 119,870 sq. ft The building is of brick, one story, well lighted by over head windows as well as side windows, and is 160 x 197 ft. It has two wings, one 27 x 98 ft. and another 21 x ' 60 ft. The total floor space is 28,360 sq. ft Among the alterations to be made is the enlargement of one of the wings so that it can be used for office purposes. The alterations will be begun at once and the new owner will occupy the property early in the spring. The Reeves Mfg. Company, manufacturer of black and galvanized sheets, ete., Canal Dover, Ohio, has pur chased the entire business of the Ohio Stove Pipe & Mfg. Company, New Philadelphia, Ohio, including all its patents, machinery, manufactured stock, and good will. The company taken over has been one of the leading makers of stove pipe and elbows for some time, and its acquisition will greatly increase the Reeves Company’s already extensive line of nested stove pipe and stove pipe elbows. J pew 6 be Set- de Gm i ee te ctl a LE LA gees = Special Ball Bearing for Lighthouse The Auburn Ball Bearing Company, 21 Eliza- beth street, Rochester, N. Y., has supplied some special ball thrust bearings to the United States Government. These will be used at the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse, Florida, to revolve the flash pan els which give the light its distinctive periods of light and darkness. The bearings were made in ac cordance with the Government specifications, and among the interesting points embodied in their construction are the use of four ball bearing jacks to raise the upper races out of contact with the balls. The ball grooves are made according to the build- ers’ four-point cone contact principle, the shape of the groove being indicated in the accompanying line drawing. The ball races are of inserted tool steel and are ground to parallelism. They fit into lange rings of cast iron. After the races were ground they were tested with a template for the proper angle, and a further test was made by coat- ing each race with red lead and rotating it wit! the balls in place, the specifications covering this work requiring that each ball should show onl) two circles on it after several rotations of the race salls 114 in. in diameter were used, there being 36 in the bearing. The ball cage ring was made fron a single piece of brass, the upper and lower faces being finished exactly parallel. To facilitate the movement of this ring, 32 balls spaced equally in pairs around the inner and outer edges of the ring are used. To guard against the entrance of dust into the bearings a dust protector of hard sheet brass is secured to the upper track with screws. To remove the load from the balls when the light is not in operation and thus give them a chance to recover from the fatigue of the heavy load to which they are subjected when the flash panels are being revolved, four ball-bearing jacks are _ provided. These are shown in the halftone engraving, and one in the foreground has been removed, showing the construction of the jack and the arrangement of the bearing for it. To prevent the balls from fall- ing into the hole when the lower end of the jack is removed from its normal position, a brass tube *. in. in diameter is forced into the base. In connec A Special Ball Thrust Bearing for Lighthouse Service Equipped with Elevating Jack Screws to Relieve the Strain on the jalls When They Are Not in Use THE IRON AGE January 14, 1)15 tion with each jack, nine balls 3/16 in. in diam te; are used. The external diameter of the bearing is 2 u —_ 7 + \ Partial Sect nal Elevation Showing the Arrangemeé Parts and the Spee | Ball Bearing for the and the inner diameter is 17'5 in. The distance between the centers of the two rings of balls is 20 in. Cast-Steel Motor Truck Wheels The demand for a strong and enduring cast-steel motor truck wheel directed attention at the Automo- bile Exposition in New York last week to the wheel made by the West Steel Casting Company of Cleveland, Ohio. Wheels from the West foundry were shown as adapted to 3-ton, 5-ton, 744-ton and 10-ton motor trucks. In recent years French and Belgian cast-steel truc! wheels have been imported into this country, but it is understood that they have not given good results i service, due either to the quality of the casting or the design. The wheel produced at Cleveland is of steel made by the converter process and is understood to be a specially treated or alloy steel of medium car- bon content. Unusual precautions in molding and cooling are essential in turning out an acceptable prod uct. The steel varies from 65,000 to 75,000 Ib. per sq. in. in tensile strength, with an elastic ratio of 55 to 60 per cent. and good ductility. Ready for tires and ac- cessories, the wheel weighs 100 lb. less than the corre- sponding wooden wheel and the cost is less. About 8900 of these wheels are now in service and none have thus far failed. Record of a Cast-Steel Piston Rod An unusual record of a cast-steel piston rod for : Chambersburg type of steam hammer has been noted. It was necessary to make repairs to the hammer in thé shortest time possible, and as it was impossible to secure a forging of alloy steel just then, the Federal Steel Foundry Company, Chester, Pa., cast a rod of basic carbon steel, made from selected grades of low- phosphorus pig iron and scrap, the furnace practice 0! this foundry calling for the production of basic steel from acid scrap in a basic open-hearth furnace. Two rods were cast. One of these has been in use in the steam hammer for two and one-half years, operating 3! times both day and night, straightening engine frames, etc. It is reported to be in excellent condition to-day and has exceeded the expectations of its producers and the predictions of experts. Equipment in Fort Pitt RB nals for Changes in Pune ing Gag Holders—Clam BY GEORGI it a vear ago the Fort Pitt Bridge Works Pa., whose plant is located at Canons- a., installed a Thomas spacing tal built Standard Bridge Tool Company, Pittsburgh. hine was designed particularly to take care te punching, the company having about two installed a similar machine, which is now for punching angles. These machines punching all classes of rn il, 1 ie ago irgel) ed for iral material, such as chord angles, web plates, etc. Attention is called to some of the ing features of this equipment, illustrated. operation bridge and plates, some ‘ automatic, yunching is entirely ‘he Spacing Table In the Structural Shop ridge Works—Light Sig- hing—Method of Attach- ps for Guiding Angles P. THOMAS ng the gags and eliminates pos ties « On bridge and structural work, howev: of the frequer hanges, the gags ar trolled hand ers and to av signalling syst d nd é ( important changes ! The movement of t} | S nd the La I i Ze _ » I nro! A I rr Vard tn nstal [ ter stripping er ‘ ni machine and the ! r! i that on the shorter sp: tinuously. On the longe es where the rl ‘ cannot travel fast enoug ri} teria th Wooden Templet Machine t t Left of ept for the actual working of the gag-controlled hes on the punching machine. On bridge and tural work, as the number of duplicate pieces e punched for one job is, as a rule, comparatively |, the necessity of quickly setting up both the and spacing table for changing from one job other apparent. In designing these ma- es, this has been kept constantly in mind. On inch it involved considerable departure from rdinary standard design of punches, particu- n the design of the ram. in steel car work where large number of dupli- pal are obtained, the gags are ordinaril; lled automatically by means of a drum oper- rom the main shaft of the punch. This en- relieves the operator from the work of operat- 1 is ne Stopping the ri e W W it Differe Set of Pur I \ the next stopping point, the clutch on the punc! automatically disengaged, but again brought engagement the instant the carriage locks at tl next stopping point. This outfit is controlled from the left side of punch by means of an ordinary drum-type ‘ Ln — controller and two double-throw switches, all suitably located within easy reach of the operator. Thu f for an reason a quick stop is required, it is only necessary to throw out one of the switches and the pun immediately stops and the carriage, if traveli remains stationary at the next stopping point Throwing the switch back into position again starts the operation. The spacing movement of the carriage CO! trolled by means of full-size templet located on t} 9 ov 140 THE IRON AGE January 14, 1915 3 eS eee ae be increased in number (Be | necessary. To indicate to the | P| operator where holes for sti 7 Be ers or other changes occu ee the travel of the materia Te punching, flashlight signals ar i Hi | provided, as previously mep- 4 i | tioned. These lights are showy se | located near switches on the pe | punch. The circuit is made at 4 i, | the desired points, by means of ee a contact carried on the carriage 40 | and others fastened to the temp- at | let, which in turn are connected bs | to signal wires running the full ‘ length of the spacing table, These parts are clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 4. ‘; For punching the plates shown on the floor along side of the table in Fig. 1, flash signals f consisting of contacts fastened to the templet are provided at every ni point where the transverse holes , 7 are located. This indicates t * m the operator that all gags are t a4 Fig. 2—Gag Holders Are Fastened bys Single Bolt, The Controlling Levers he thrown in at these points The other parts of the signals side of the table. The stopping mechanism is are permanent parts of the machine. y actuated by the small steel pins in the templet, Two near views of the front side of the punch ee shown in Fig. 4, and the release of the carriage ing machine are shown in Figs. 2 and 3, one show- for the next movement forward is made automatic- ing the punching tools set up for punching plates ally by means of contact switch mounted on the and the other for punching angles. The special shaft of the punch. This switch is set to release design of the gag holders will be noticed in Fig. 2. EP and start the carriage at the moment the punches’ These are fastened to the ram of the punch by a | strip the material. The templet is a strip made of single bolt. The strain of punching is transmitted | regular templet lumber usually about *4 in. thick direct to the ram of the punch through the gags He and 21% in. wide and is ordinarily made in secticns, and the tension caused by stripping is carried by ie the length of the boards. Two rows of spacing projections on the gag holders, the bolt merely hold- pins are usually provided on each templet, the ing the holders in a horizontal position against th: spacing carriage equipped with two paddles. This faceof the ram. This arrangement of tools permits @ applies particularly to angles where the spacing quick setting and close spacing and also permits on each leg is usually different and the spacing removal of any unit without disturbing the others. for both is provided on the same strip. These On these machines, angles are punched back to strips are used over and over again on both sides, back, two pairs at a time. Means for gauging are >? as long as the pins will hold. When spacing with shown in Fig. 3. These consist of sliding parts, one line of pins the paddle for the other line is locked out of ee engagement. Changing the templet is a very simple operation and takes but a few moments. When arranging for punching the parts of a plate girder, sections of templets are provided for the full length for punching the chord angles and the cover plates. For the webs only, sections the length of the plates are used. If several cover plates are required, which are usually of different lengths on standard designs of girders, the same arrangement is used and only parts of the templet set up. ; The sections used are, of course, shifted to the proper position on the table. The advantages of using the same templet for . punching these different mem- mS epacgat= a bers which are to be assembled t- together is obvious. The gags on the punch are controlled by three levers and 4 vs be onerate Pro 2] sy side Fig. 3—The Machine Is Shown Rigged for Punching Angles, Having Sliding it . _ operated fr m either side Parts to Bring Each Pair of Angles Back to Back. The Flash Lights and te of the punch. These levers can Drum Type Electric Controller Are at the Left a nuary 14, 1915 the die holders, with a In descending, the ram cam motion acting on rollers, pushes these parts forward, thus bring the two angles tightly together and in the oper line for punching. With the ascending vement of the sliding head, the gauging parts e brought back to the starting position by means nall tension springs. The cam motion is so arranged that the gauges é losed before the punches strike the material | are again opened as soon as stripping occurs to free forward movement of the es coming the mills seldom straigh avoid undue friction on the carrying rolls, ’ are held in position on the shafts by This permits the rollers to adjust sidewise to the irregularities of the each side of er located to one side. the punch by ated on means of materia from are mean springs. hemselves iterial. In punching heavy angles, the strain on the iging clamps is very great, as this class of ma terial tends to curve and stretch. However, with this arrangement two pairs of the heaviest angles ip to 90 or 100 ft. long are punched with com- parative ease and the material comes out practically traight. Plates are much easier to handle. It is, how ver, essential to keep them free of the dies and to clear the fins caused by punching. These fins are <ely to be particularly troublesome if the punches and the dies are not exactly central with each other nd the material happens to be soft by interfering th the movement of the spacing carriage. To oid trouble from this source, rollers mounted on prings and located as near the dies as possible are rovided. These rollers are designed to carry the iterial about 4 in. above the dies. The ible occurs in punching angles, but to a less ex nt and the same means are used to free the ma al from the dies. same STRETCHING OF MATERIAL IN PUNCHING One particular advantage to be noted from the e of spacing tables for punching material, aside m the reduction in cost of punching, elimination marking, templet making, etc., is the accurate ing of holes in material stretching in punching. that on obvious these machines whatever AGE stretch occurs is thrown to the rear and can be eared afte punching. It is necessal n } this class materia entel by the old method » allow ! the stretching The te et maker estimates the amount of stretch, basing the allowance o1 previous the templet for experience and make ’ narKxing corre spondingly short. I obvious that this system is a mere gue and it is impossible to estimat« even closely, how much the terial will curate punching stretch and get ‘ Cover plates 80 to 90 ft. longs will stretch frequently over | in varying with the toughness of the material, a thick, soft plate stretching considerably and a thin hard one, very little; and no plates of the same e stretcl ing exactly the same amount In punching angles these cond tions become much worsé na count of the curving and cor sequent straightening The angles are first stretched in punching and stretched again traightening and to make matters st re difl these operations on eact eg ot ! t differs rie The spacing table removes all this gue vor} No account whatever is taken th tret nd the templet strips are made exactly t ieprint Lover plates 30 ft. long or 90 ft. long are punches exactly to the templet and whatever tretcn de velops shows up at the end of the material and heared off. The accuracy of spacing tained 01 hese machines was demonstrated, r ple he case of elever niate HU ! Vice } { I nd 21 ft ! Hole vere punch 1 » if 1d n A erted ‘ l aeep hole tormed tr I if pi « set together face to face On one » Inve ng large tonnage for a leading railroa ne ol est th material all punched on these ict three holes required reaming it of 67,000 field holes. It is difficult to give figure for cost of punch ng on these machines, as so many elements have to be considered Cost of labor, number of dupli cate pieces, number of holes and the size of piece facilities provided for handling the material on and off vary with every shop. The dling, however, is very important bearing on the ; factor of han and has great output of the machines. Usually it takes longer to handle the material than it takes to punch it. On short proportion being one for sometimes the three for material punching to handling. Cases have been found in some shops where the saving in the cost of punching was pra tically lost in the handling. The spacing table is covered | lInited State and foreign patents, as are also the design and attaching the gag holders to the ram ngle bolt, the method of of the punch with a gauging clamp for guiding angles, the system of carrying rolls, et The State Industrial Board of Pennsylvania ha ranged for a meeting of the committee in charge regulations for safety in blast furnace, iro which when ap drafting and steel plants throughout the proved will have the same force as law Pittsburgh January 20 State, The meeting will be held — Se. ww joo in SERB LE Scientific Management in the Office How Time Studies and Task Setting in Duplica- tion Work Have Succeeded Schedules for Execu- tives—Basis for Bonus Payments for Messengers BY ROBERT It is seen from the foregoing that it is a com- paratively simple matter to apply the principles of Taylor to routine work in the office, which is largely repetitive. At first sight it does not appear such a simple proposition to apply the same principles to work which is subject to interruption, or which varies from day to day and hour to hour. A little reflection, however, will reveal that nearly every type of office work can be analyzed to show that it contains some standard elements. For these stand- ard portions tasks can be set, and the rest of the day filled with unstandardized work. TASK WORK FOR THE STENOGRAPHER As an instance, time study will show the length of time a stenographer should require ior the tran NGS 7:30 - 7:45 le = Sort out Pattern Covers, Impression Bds. and Die Room orders. Place together and deliver to Die Roon. 2. = Sort out Ronte Sheets Specifications Stitched Patterns, R & B Patterns. Place together with Mfg. Orders 3. = Check up patterns on Mfg. Orders. scribing of an average letter. For the sake of argu- ment, assume it to be 3 min. for a letter covering three-fourths of the ordinary letter sheet. This is about the average length of the letters written in a business office. The task time for the stenographer on correspondence, for writing 25 letters, would be 75 min., plus the time consumed in taking the short- hand notes. It would be unfair to the stenographer, as well as impractical, to attempt to set a task for the taking of dictation. It is entirely practical, though, to ascertain the time spent in dictation, and to require that the dictation and transcription be completed, in the case in point, in the dictation time plus 75 min. If the work is done in this time, the bonus for correspondence is earned; otherwise it is lost. The same scheme can be applied to many other forms of office work, which apparently are as diffi- cult of standardization as the work of a corre spondence stenographer. SETTING TASKS ON INTERRUPTED WORK A modification of the above idea is the allowing of credits for task work which is interrupted at more or less frequent intervals. Thus at the Plimp ton Press the clerk who writes the operation tickets *Concluded from page 86 « T) ] lee. Januar’ 142 T. KENT ——— also makes out stores issue tags, or requisitions the store room. The nature of the business is su that these tags must be written on demand. When tags are needed the clerk must drop the work hand, whatever it may be, and write the tags. Inter ruptions for this purpose are frequent and of vary ing length. The elapsed time, therefore, for writ ing a given lot of operation orders will, as a rule, exceed by a good percentage the task time allowed for this work as shown by the table of Fig. 5. Ordi narily the circumstance of elapsed time exceeding task time will cause the employee to lose bonus. In this case provision is made for crediting the em ployee, first with the task time set for the operation orders, and second, with the time lost by writing the stores issue tags. The employee is not, how ever, permitted to lose as much time in this last work as he may see fit. While the amount of writ- ing varies with different tags, careful time studies, made over a long period of time and covering every class of tag, have shown that 1 min. per tag is a fair allowance for this work. The tags are written in duplicate, one of which remains in the planning room. At the end of the day the tags are counted and the employee is credited with as many minutes as there are tags. If the difference between the elapsed time on the operation orders and the cred- ited time is equal to or less than the task time, the employee will have earned bonus; otherwise, not. This may be somewhat clearer by a numerical example. Assume that the operation order clerk finds, in the morning, a series of tasks of writing operation orders laid out, the total time allowed for which is 714 hr., or 425 min. The record at the end of the day shows that 8'5 hr. (510 min.) were re- quired for this work. The cost department, how- ever, finds that during the 81% hr. the clerk also wrote 92 stores issues tags. Therefore, the actual time charged to the clerk for the writing of the operation orders is 510 92 418 min., or well within the task time. The clerk is therefore en- titled to bonus for the day. If, on the other hand, the clerk should have been found to have written but 52 tags, the calculation would be 510—52=455 min., and the bonus would be lost. USING A SCHEDULE AS A TASK BASIS There is one class of office work for which it would seem exceedingly difficult to set tasks—that is the predicting of a definite number of minutes in which each piece of work should be accomplished This is the work of an executive or semi-executive character, comprising conferences, the issuing of directions to subordinates, handling of correspond- ence and similar duties. Usually, however, ever) person doing such work has certain definite duties which must be attended to each day. In this case the task can be based on the performance of these duties at the time which will be most productive of benefit to the executive’s associates. This naturall) leads to the preparation of