The Iron Age 1914-12-03: Vol 94 Iss 23

i))NTUDLADELNDOGUONTOVOROTOVOGUOOUONDEVDONEEGDADDATEODOOTEVERDAGUOGUAODEOAEULEGUOOOETOOOMOLOOUOAUEOAEATENTERLEOO LGU TO HOU EAOSOO SO AADENDAUTRSDEOTEOTDPOEOESU UDA GEU UE EOEEL ROAD EDSD EAU ED TOURED AEDT ET EE EET ViLUHUADELUEOOOORUATAAT inten AUVEUDUUAUEUEOEDEDEOG ERNE GENER Hae VUPUUUUUER UD EDAT ETO EEU EPEAT ME Established 1855 New York, December 3, 1914 Vol. 94: No. 23 Sand Mixing Plant for a Large Foundry How Four Different Core Sand Require- ments for Five Core Rooms Are Met by the Aluminum Castings Company, Detroit rhe Aluminum Castings Company, of Detroit, cases special sands, without having t nterfere Mich., has a foundry arranged on the unit plan. with the intermediate departments by trucking [here are 5 foundries and 5 core rooms. Thecore’ through them, and at the same time to insure core rooms and foundries are separated by a central pas- mixtures accurately proportioned and of uniform sage which also serves as a furnace room. The strength. The general arrangement of the equip sand mixing plant is located at one end of the series ment finally adopted is shown in Fig. 1. This con- of core rooms. sists of two 6-ft. batch mixers and a roll blending The old plant was taxed to its capacity and it machine furnished by the Standard Sand & Machine 7 x ’ 7 Fig. 1—General View of the Sand Mixing Dey tment ’ decided to rebuild it in such a way as to reduce Company and a pan mill furnished by the Wads toa minimum. The methods of handling the worth Core Machine & Equipment Compar and the general work of production are under bn on on . ~ ‘i idl . ~ N ») STORAGE harge of F. A. Parkhurst, organizing engineer. ae Seen design of the sand handling machinery and the The sand storage consists of a wooden building rangement of the rooms and the storage was’ 175 ft. long with a railroad track at each side of it | ed after by the H. M. Lane Company, Detroit. arranged so that the sand can be shoveled from the . the problem was to deliver to any one of 5 core’ cars directly into the sand bins on each side of the ns 4 different types of core sand, and in some building. A portion of one of the walls of this 1273 — N ~) eo THE ] ad iv x ne 4 I Z rie t ist Snow’ he large door the en he storage track whic! ermits the placing of a car inside the plant fo lt loading ! old or storn veatner rhe molding sand is piled in a bin at the right of the car rt rings it as close tne ounar’ posSIbDI{e Tine netais are unloaded at tne leit ant Ken thi gr the metal storage roon Running through the interior of the sand stor ive building there is a central passage, as shown 1! Fig. 3. Access had to the bins thro igh openings n incline. This the drawing osed with planking placed al ws the removal of the first vith the sand above or without fl on a the lower plank and from the bin witnout interfering sand ooding the passage th sand. The bin re designed sufficient ca pacity to carry the entire winter’s supply of the various grades required The posts are anchored n concrete at the bottom and are tied together with rods above. There is also a series of timbers be tween the bins which act as braces and prevent the pressure of the sand from forcing the walls in. The passage 1S lighted by skvlights at intervals through ‘ut its length, and also has a series of electric lights yverhead for work at night or on dark days. The door leading from the sand storage into the nixing room is shown at the left hand in Fig. 4. \t first it was planned to measure the sand at the but later it was found better to bring it in in ins, IRON AGE ' December } \ ~ yulk ind ple { t the side o tne room is s n Fig. 4 THE PROPORTIONING OF THE MIXTURES lo insure an accurate proportion betwee. nder and the sand used everything entering the core mixture is either measured or weigh: To minimize the distance the man must trave making up his mixture, a supply of the binders kept as close to the mixing machinery as possible 1 shows the barrels of oil, glutrin, flour, et located between the conveyors which take the buck ets to the n In practice the mix is propo t that the total amount of san in even 16-qt. pails. For wooden foundry pails are used filled the several varieties the right in Fig. 4, and the prope pails for the mixture is placed on the arrier so that they are run by gravit the mixing machine. Fig achines. ioned in such a wa\ nvolved can be measured this purpose 16-qt. from These pails are sand used, at number of yravit) For instance, a mix may co! 5 pails of old sand, 3 pails of Delray san and 2 pails of Michigan City sand. This total of 1! pails will be started down the conveyor. The ma at the head of the conveyor counts the pails in eac! set and, as the man at the foot glances up the co vevor, naturally counts them and if there has mistake made he reports it to the othe man, which gives a check on the mixture. Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of the conveyors at the mixer end. The man stands between tw conveyors with the full buckets coming down at the left and the empty buckets going back at the right In the illustration the empty buckets have blocked in place so as to make them remain near the machine. As soon as the batch has been thorough! mixed the man in charge opens the bottom of the machine so that the material passes directly into the boot of a bucket elevator which removes it as fast as it comes from the machine. As soon as the ma chine is empty he closes the discharge and dumps in the buckets of sand comprising a mix. He has his binder already measured out and dumps it next. This is followed by the necessary amount 0! water. As fast as he empties the buckets he sets them on the conveyor at his right when they retur! by gravity to the filling end which is shown in Fig 1. A row of buckets being fed to one of the ma- chines is also very clearly shown in Fig. 5. sist of ne been any bee! The men in charge of the room operate one ! chine at a time usually. When the bin above December 3, 1914 : | ! the S the Mixing Room. The Mixes Ars Sending Them Down the Gravity Carriers to the Machines in Ar Kept Between the ¢ riers Where the Met the desired amount of sand has into it, they step to the next ma- until the proper amount of sand een put into that bin. the old mixing plant the material was shov nto the mixer and then shoveled away and it found that the time necessary to fill the ma- ne and remove the material from it was greater the mixing operation. When the machine is ed by the bucket method the filling operation is rried out in about half a minute, which doubles the capacity of each machine. In addition to this accurate measurement of the material gives uni rm strength to the cores and makes it possible to work much closer to the limits of strength required the finished cores. lhe binders, which consist of flour, rosin, pitch, n and oil, are stored in a back of the ng machines. This seen at the ht of Fig. 1 and a portion of it in greater detail rig. 6. ne is filled or ntroduced and operate it ; space space can be In Fig. 6 are also seen the rosin and h grinders which are used for grinding the raw terial. These are located between the rosin sup- nd the mixing machines and are run by the men who tend the mixing machinery DELIVERY OF MIXED SAND TO CORE ROOMS \s already stated the discharge of each of the hines is into a bucket elevator which carries the into storage bins overhead. The elevators are inged with top take-ups which makes it possible mploy a stationary shaft at the bottom of the ators. There are four storage bins and ordi- ly three of them are used for core mixtures and fourth one for bedding sand. nder the spouts of the bins the original sand installation was used as shown in Fig. 7. The car travels on a track through the roof trusses er the core rooms. It is arranged with a bottom imp and can deliver sand into the storage bins in of the core rooms. If small batches of special nd are required, they are put through one of the tch mixers and into one of the storage bins until given batch is made up and put into a storage The larry then draws out the special batch in or more loads, takes it to the core room where it required, and drops it into the core room storage The principal mixers, however, that are used arge quantities are generally kept constantly in of the storage bins. The swinging bin gates THE IRON AGE Made by Filling Buckets wit the Dnfte Proportion to Forn | } i" Measure the \ t draw the sand If! for enabling the workmen t the bins to the larry are clearly shown in Fig. % THE DRIVING OF THE MACHINERY Each machine or group of machines is driven b a separate motor. At the left in Fig. 1 is shown the wall close to the roll blending machine a of starting switches all inclosed h On this can also be grou} suitable box« seen tne motor tor ariving tne roll blending machine which is located above it At the right on the second floor the motor for driv ing the two batch mixers is located This bate} mixer motor is also shown at the lower left han corner of Fig. 7. The Wadsworth mill is driven b motor located on a bracket supported from a colum: in the center of Fig. 4 The elevators are driven from a motor locate in the upper part of the structure, but not shown i of the illustrations Each individual elevato1 is driven by a leather ight or loose pulley from a jackshaft. The belts are controlled by belt shifters operated with chains from the floor of the mixing room. The installation of this plant has reduced labo: charges and has, it is emphasized, quality of the cores greatly by mixing of the material. any a peit on at improved the insuring an accurate Fig. 5 Batch Mixer ind Hopper for Conditions THE IRON AGE in Cleveland Metal Trades Industria onditions i metal-working in Cleveland. On are sho report prepared by the Committee or Ind Developn ent of the lo Chambe ( Commerce based on ZS replies to ir liries sent to manufacturers of iron and steel, machi ery, machine tools, and other iron and steel products Similar data were secured from manufacturers in othe ines, as well as from various wholesale and tail dealers. The figures show considerably heavier loss¢ in business in iron and ste ines thar other mat ufacturing industries. Taking October, 1913, and the first 10 months of 1915 as a basis of comparison, the percentage of ir crease or decrease this year. The ines lf! the 10-month period was only 71.4 is shown for the corresponding period volume of business in iron and steel per cent oO December 3, 1914 rresponding 1913. cent. In of Octobe the « period of oniy 62.2 per montn a year ago. rhe figures show considerable dis« epancies betwee the volume of businse and number ol employees al hours of work daily. Taking the 10-month period, > he volume of business was 71.4 per cent. as co! pared with last year, the number of employees was & per cent. and the number of hours per work daily w 90.5 per cel as compared with the first 10 months « 191] With October business only 62.2 per cent. i compared with that a year ago, 77.6 per cent hou yvOiIUMe aS many men were employed and the number of of work daily was 85.6 per cent. Reports from makers of automobiles and automo bile parts are more favorable. These show that the plants employed 87.1 per cent. as many men as in the first 10 months of 1913, and that in October the nun ber of men employed was increased to 99 per cent. 94 pel for the months and 98.2 per cent. for October. Analyz ucts, the irel l! volume of their business was cent. ing the figures relating to iron and steel pr report states that they show that manufa these lines ar to serious the e carrying their employees along in order ease, as far as possible, an otherwise muc! more situation, and that it is particularly notal that number of hours per day or week has been cut i in many cases so that employees, while earning les ire still able to maintain themselves The committee is of the opinion that the figures taken indicate that conditions as to unemployment ar‘ not so serious as was first supposed, although there a indications that unless business general improves that the employers have taken upon then g their plants will prove too heavy to be maintained the policy of part time « in rder the bu selves in keepi running in excess of sale ind shipme Regarding furnishing ployment for as many men as possible, the committe has the following to say: “Where it is necessary irtail operations, the practice of operating the larges' employees possible at a fewer number of hot rorce oft per day and week is commendable and should be e tended by employers in every possible case. This wi mean that, while the aggregate income of employees will be smaller, the income in each individual case wW1! sufficient to meet present needs.” 1914 December 3, feavy Multiple Drilling Machine multiple-spindle machine designed for drilling p to maximum of “, in. in cast iron under feeds has been developed by the National Au- Tool Company, Richmond, Ind. This ma- which is designated by the builder as its No. e, is designed for use with high-speed drills | drive from six to eight drills or their lent in cast iron. Various sizes of round and rular heads that may be equipped from 2 to layout 1-in. t linet capable of adjustmen 1? naies, the range of the heads and also having a adjustment to take care of variations in the of the drills, are provided. column, which is of heavy box section, has e face to give a large bearing for the table A coarse pitch steel rack is securely fastened face of the column and the hardened used for elevating the table mesh with it. is provided within the column to take care ounterweights for balancing the table and a cast around the outer edge of t the oil from falling on the floor. * box reinforced by th an extended top. The table idjustable hand lever or pilot on the right wer feed lever beneath it at the left. Ar motion of the latter lever engages the power hich is thrown out by pulling the lever down. eed can also be tripped automatically by an After the feed is tripped the table position determined by the spring the knee, which may be moved up or lepending upon the hight of the The use of the automatic drop table, it is out, enables the operator to run two or more to load another set of jigs while one ne is drilling. A channel catching the of the lubricant is provided and there are steel the base to ae ae The table section, internal rit is operated ble dog. to a below work es or for THE IRON 1277 AGE T-slots at both ends of the table to enable jigs be clamped in position. The head is fastened to the column by a + tongue hat car and groove and bolts and the various sizes be supplied can be equipped with different combina cluster boxes, flange around the head being relied upon to give rigid support to the arms. The drill spindles, wh are of crucible steel, are hardened and ground have ball thrust bearings and lock nuts on the upps end to take up wear. They are Morse tapers or are tions of adjustable arms or wide bored for standar irnished with collets ror u The straight shank drills. spindle bearings are phosphor bronze and are fastened to the sen adjustable arm of I-beam section the builder patented construction that enables the drill spind to be adjusted for drills of different lengths « and quickly. This vertical adjustme by tightening or loosening the hexago1 stud, and it accessible, lower is pointed out always regardless Oo now cCiosel what position the spindles may be grou way it is possible to adjust the drill spindle vert cally for different lengths of drills without ing the position of the adjusting rm universal joints employed each of which Ss are composed miiead parts, irom the soli all friction. surfaces are hardened The di pinions on the center block are milled integra it, no inserted pins or screws being uses A feed box giving three changes | geared feeds is located on the left side near the of the column and is driven from the er pull by a Morse silent chain. The feed chang n be secured while the machine is running and the gea are hardened and run at moderate speeds i1 bath. gear, tne Phosphor bronze is used for the feed worn pei ing pre vided with al exyTra Dali thrust Alloy Steel Forging Company to Enlarge The Alloy Steel Forging Company ha time een operating i fan-to adiacent to tne of the Braeburn Steel Comp it Braeburn, P near Pittsburg! It has bee Oo iccessful that decided to material y el large it faciliti to tne ma ifacture of manganese tee peciaitie It ha piac« a contract with the Riter-Conley Mfg. ¢ pany, Pi burgh, for a ste bullding, LUO UU Tt it Carnegie Pa., where a tract of eight acre nas bee ecures furnishing ample om for f} f t exte sions. The site 1 located on tne P ttsburgh, Chart & Youghiogheny Railroad, and has excellent fa tie for receiving and shippir The ne building tain three bays, each 33 x 300 ft The two side bay will have han ranes, while the iddle ba ( commanded | i 20-t elec M« the new equipment to be installed ha ef nase lh compar y's p oduct l lude wove! ! invanese Lee screens, billet ar | onveyt a A eT vanese s g 7 , 000 orgings tT nuive nema hiner’ trolle. vearing | \ meeti Canad e | , ire to e neld t Amhe N ~ nside t rade oppo es and resp¢ tir hat have bes opened up as a result of the w St B. Ell | | } 5 i ‘ al ey wit manager of the Maritime N; _ompan\ ind mem De of the time } turers Britain, executive committee Associatio after a study of industrial conditior there. He found a great demand for the product his factory and he has brought ack excellent I Great Britain recognizes the debt that she owes to he overseas dominions, and in the matter of trade sup plies she is likely to give them first onsideratior Failing to get from Canada the goods she wants, the United States market will! be utilized 1278 BLOOMING-MILL ENGINE TEST Notable Performance of Tod Reversing Engine at Brier Hill Plant The blooming mill of the Brier Hill Steel Com- pany, Youngstown, Ohio, whose open-hearth plant and sheet-bar, billet and slab mills were illustrated in The Iron Age, April 2, 1914, is a two-high 40-in. mill and is driven by a twin tandem-compound en- gine having 44-in. high-pressure and 76-in. low- pressure cylinders with a 60-in. stroke. A view of the engine was given in the issue mentioned. It was built by the William Tod Company, Youngs- town, in co-operation with Julian Kennedy, con- sulting engineer for the Brier Hill Steel Company, and is notable for its compact construction. The low-pressure cylinders are set closely side by side with the high-pressure cylinders directly connected to the main frames. The resulting short double- throw main shaft is of interest, in that it is re- versible end for end, and has but three bearings. It is emphasized also that with the short shaft the power impulses of the cranks are applied nearer the general center line of the engine than other wise, reducing the horizontal leverage to which is applied the working action of the reciprocating parts, and reducing the twisting action to the en gine as a whole. The engine was tested recently. Steam supplied at 160 lb. pressure and 35 deg. F. super- heat. Fiften passes are used in rolling an 18 x 20-in. ingot to a 71/16 x 714-in. bloom. The later passes are regarded as a little more difficult to con trol, perhaps because the piece has become sma! and does not offer so much resistance per revolu- tion as the earlier passes. Not having space for showing all of the 30 diagrams of the indicator cards and the mean effective pressure curves, pass No. 11 has been selected as a good one for showing the engine control. Eight continuous indicator were taken simultaneously during the rolling of some 20 ingots. The cards for pass No. 11 are here shown and the total mean effective pressure referred to one low pressure cylinder for the same pass is also given. The total number of revolutions required for rolling the ingot was 47 and the working revolutions were 36.7, leaving for idle and plugging revolutions, 10.3. This is an average of 2/3 revolution per pass more than was necessary for the piece to clear the mill. The average speed of the engine while rolling is not over 70 r.p.m., due, it is held, to its making was cards THE IRON AGE December 3, 19}, so few useless revolutions. The distributio work done in per centum of total work h:; figured as follows: Total work, 100 per cent. Friction work, 13 per cent. Acceleration or plugging work, 13.6 per Net work to rolling of steel, 73.4 per cé The following information has been 0} from the Tod Company: The ingot on wh Brier Hill test was made was one that ha reheated and consequently was not sufficient at the center. The coefficient for this ingot according to the Neeland-Gasche formula 17,300. The actual steam consumption as ured from the high pressure card of the con card, allowing 25 per cent. condensation fact: working and plugging steam, is 462 Ib. per ton of steel rolled. The engine is proportione: condensing, but at present is exhausting to an oper feed water heater. It is quite customary to allo 25 per cent. for the saving of condensing operatio; but to be conservative 20 per cent. may be allowe as the net saving. With this condition the engin will roll a gross ton of steel with 371 Ib. of stean These figures show the results obtained und the operating conditions, it is interesting but cL ingot t Bloom reduce these results to the condition of rolling thoroughly heated ingot. Ordinary hot ingots « this mill give C 13,000. The ratio of these nun bers (C 17,300 to C 13,000) shows the rat of excess work done by the engine in rolling th colder ingot over to what is ordinarily expended i! rolling a hot ingot. This factor, then, is the on to be used in correcting the steam consumption t arrive at hot rolling conditions. Correcting for the temperature effect obtained from the coefficients 0: the Neeland-Gasche formula, we arrive at the low steam consumption of 350 lb. of steam per gross ton of steel rolled. If we then farther correct f the probable saving due to condensing operatio1 stated before we find that the engine will rol gross ton of steel with 280 lb. of steam. This saving is regarded as due in part t following items: 1. The steam in the receiver being all shut is saved. 2. Due to this saving, a corresponding sav! is made in the steam used for plugging. 5. The receiver pressure being kept up gives the high-pressure cylinder a higher point fron which to begin compression when plugging. 4. The steam retained in the receiver is aval! able for immediate use in starting the engine 10 Tné De ber 3, 1914 THE owing pass, thus helping the engine to start mptly. The total number of revolutions per pass kept down, thus diminishing total friction work nd at the same time keeping down the high rota. ve speeds and permitting of rolling a larger imber of ingots per hour. 6. The low-pressure cylinder not having steam relieves the plugging due to its own negative work. lhe sixth item possibly requires an illustration make the point clear. In a steam engine as ordi- run the working steam is acting on one side piston and the exhaust steam is acting op- tely on the other side of the piston. But in this e the throttle valve is closed so promptly that ird produced is a working card below the ex- ne instead of above the exhaust line. The of this is to help stop the engine instead of ng it forward. Numerous negative working ire produced with an average negative mean ve pressure of 5 or 6 lb. per inch. igh this is not a large pressure it must be square hered that the low-pressure cylinders are and spoons are being turned out in large in Sheffield, England, for the army. One has received an order for 400,000 unplated Ger er tablespoons, while five other Sheffield com e filling another order for 800,000. This is order for these ever awarded. Nearly 100 metal is necessary to produce them. Sheffield eady turned out nearly a million spoons for the Its ability to turn out razors fast enough is ously taxed and talk of a government razor heard. An army order for a million razors ted as about to be awarded. At Birmingham, manufacturers are very busy on government ’ all kinds. Every lathe and press is said to . with others being produced as fast as possible ming difficult to secure operators for the ma- ise Tucker Tool & Machine Company, 75 Murray New York, has been appointed sole distributer National Umbrella Frame Company, Thirtieth C‘hompson streets, Philadelphia, Pa., manufacturer washers. IRON 97a mets AGE A Combination Geared Scroll Chuck The E. Horton & Son Compa Conn., has recently added a scroll chuck to the line already manufactured. Ea of the jaws may be operated \\ inds« I combination gears ] depe ndent] screw or the scroll gearing will operate all of t! jaws, either three or four, and it is this featur: gives the chuck its name. Aside from this arranges ment, another feature is that a special for screw carrier has been designed, which is reli¢ upon to prevent the screws dropping out wher jaws are removed to reverse then The screws employed for the ment of the jaws are somewhat and the nadependent arger than us throug} it th ‘* are of Same section ‘ Zz \ tire length, thus doing away with the necess! necking down the screw to form a bearing. The screws are self-contained in a steel screw carrier socket, the outer surface of which is an arc large. than a semi-circle, this arrangement upon to prevent the screw from dropping out whet the jaw is run out of the chuck, a plug threaded to the end of the carrier and locked in place by tw binding screws being designed to keep the screw place. The pinion operating the scroll gear has steel band pressed on its hub, an arrangement whic! it is pointed out not only takes the end thrust ot! the pinion, but also adds to its strength. Both the being relied pinion and the independent screw are operated | the same wrench. In the design of the chuck, which is built ir sizes ranging: from 4 to 24 in. in diameter, the bod; is practically of U section, which, it pointed out i SILT EEEFT slalelaiaielal a . P } bs be} een } } PPT TET | HHH y | | PiPiPar iT } AEE — ~~ ae } HERR RRR oP } ssp fy sessed | gives strength and stiffness The gearing has the bevel teeth cut so that those at the larger end of the gear are reinforced by the strength of the end of the gearing. Standardization in the Factory What Has Been Accomplished in a Large Electrical Manufacturing Establishment — Temporary Standards Committees BY CARL BENNET AUEI The subject of this paper covers broad a t | the d ! a lie ad idvantaye tnat there are t eld as to preclude its being handled within the drawings to handle, an especially serious fines of a single discussion, in any but the most when the apparatus is at all complicated. tragmentary manner. A‘ rdingly, in what follows, promise arrangement was therefore adopte hich is a brief outline it a tew ot tne ways ann sting a natural grouping orf pieces or p: neans employed by a large electric: est Singie arawing. Each piece 18 assigned al n their work of standa ation, no reference will number and a list of the material involved ‘ ny ade tX the tan ry it } ne mt er } eniently on the drawing arranged ) mucts. Rather wil attentio! pe directer “a a ording to item numbers. In the escription cert ethods and process¢ re nized standards, the company arbit s hoped may prove ot interest t nul re é pol ir sizes of drawings, the smalle general, regardless of their particular ware ibdi\ ns of the larger. All blueprints fro In the early d the mpal the re 1 nade by machine but are f =f ry to n K€ adrawilt ) 4) ? ned, i VW ¢ as aried D machine, man\ qi Sé nt f () é I e al i are . ied 1 t! \ rks lnm 1 2b eV f is ) at , wal To T 8 Fr Jows HEB nein ~—. yl it — 4 / | i { | 4) gut aa) } \ aE te! a note was placed specify ing tne material re A standard drawing ot a line of wing nuts, ired to manufacture it. When drawings for new ranged, however, in such manner that the various ve cut into cards and issued to the rkmen who can attach them to the belt-shifte: new drawings in complete detail so that the work f their machines while working is reproduced. | apparatus were made and any of the old parts tems may | ould be used, these parts were snown again on the we en would not have to refer to any other drawing. might be suggested that a simpler form of drawins Such a system was admirable from the standpoint would consist of one picture only, each part bei! the workmen; but, it is obvious that errors could _ lettered, statement immediately below contain e, and were committed, in transferring old parts’ the differing dimensions of each size of nut. WI new drawings, and considerable time was re thi true, experience shows that with tabulate juired for such reproduction; furthermore, vari dat: f this kind there is a decided tendency ations occurred in the copying process due either t« the workmen to misread dimensions, taking p' the ideas of the individual designers or to the fact haps one of them from the line immediately at that they were unable to locate drawings showing r below the proper line. As would be expect the old parts. el complete reference index is maintained The scheme of making elemental drawings, that that the danger of duplicating items is reduced making but one piece on a drawing was next minimun ynsidered; but, while this would insure the greatest Materials used throughout the works are ar accuracy in the duplication of a piece at any time, trar divided into two classes, productive and &. pense, the former entering directly into the ma! 5a ctodiocec ce a Rater qaceting of the facture of the company’s products, the latter aD iroe indirectly; as examples of each may be mention a ne + ie Cammany, ent 0 ; a axle steel for armature shafts and leather for necember 3, 1914 elting; occasionally, however, material may both classes. When either the quantity portance of the items warrant, specifica- arefully prepared for the purchasing and tion departments who use them in the pur- {| the subsequent inspection of such ma As a rule the engineering departments specifications pertaining to productive le the manufacturing departments handle A typical speci cold-drawn be men resenting expense items. is kind is that itomatic screw stock, and it may passing that the general arrangement is with the standards of Americal Materials. are tn covering nce the r Testing ‘uotations r from manufacturers whose goods have received, eitner on new isly been used, samples are generall These are subjected to such tests as eemed necessary; and the results prove the manufacturers of the materials n an approved or standard list fron irchasing department free to choost orders. r equally important line of work co! e development of manufacturing processes ile which, when standardized, are re permanent form and issued to the various iring departments involved. In this wa: n product is assured, there is no need on of lessons or experiences previous! and the company is made independent ot vidual’s knowledge. These specifications ile are revised from time to time a experience, new equipment or other reasons and are used by the inspection depart checking the company’s products during the manufacture. ery one who has had to do with production he need of a means of portraying in the actual output of a department with past well as de- To many shop men figures ap re forcibly than do curves, they readily understood; but, it is believed, ; some nanner mparing it with ormance, as since are re wn are so plain as to preclude any objec ick is the daily total machines or pieces obtained by add- he total on hand, the number received each ibtracting the number shipped. Curve maximum possible output of which the score. Curve a of raers, nt is capable in a month. Curve c is the itput for the same period. While these er are both straight lines, their shape could be altered, though with a loss in sim- Curve d indicates the actual output and a between it and curve ¢ tells whether working up to its schedule ehind. Curve e is that of actual daily hese load diagrams, as they standardized and are quite ighout the works, though there are, of ertain departments where their use would ittle. rst steps in standardization naturally f pon the drafting department. As the r further standardization became ap e work was transferred to the engineer- rtiment is or de- are called, used gen s}] eil ment where the scope was very much and standard books and card indexes epared and placed in every department eeded. As the benefits of standardization further appreciated, a standards division gineering department and a standards e€ were created, whose functions are the THE IRON AGE standardization of existing materials and parts, a chairman and a 1281 + bu in nowise interfering with or having to do with, the development of apparatus as such This committee has but two permanent member Subjects which S¢ secretary, A ; r fof / fa Lig if" suitable for standardization either originate w the permanent members of the committee or are called to their attention by various members < the engineering or manufacturing department Sub-committees whose members are drawn from the engineering, manufacturing, purchasing, storekeep ing and other departments, are then appointed the permanent chairman and with structions and suggestions pertaining t to undertaken. The chairman of sub-committees form the*temporary members of main committee, which passes upon all furnished tne wor! be these sever: reports pre sented by the sub-committees. As a report is a cepted, the corresponding sub-committee is ¢ solved, its chairman at the same time ceasing t be a member of the standards committee The work of the standards committee has bee varied in the extreme, such matters as punched circular washers, thumb and wing nuts, oil-hol ‘overs and hinges, furniture, anchor holes in bear ings, wood handles, sizes of tap drills, stresses i eye-bolts, thickness of babbitt in bearings, liner trucks, etc., having been successfully handled Standardizing cutting tools means not alon iniform production from machine put it increased and of the are effected in the making of the cutting tools then and in the kinds amounts terials from which they are made. For shaft ing machines, wheels are now purchased for largest size and used with them until the dian eter is reduced to a certain predetermined figure, when they returned to the storerooms to issued in due course, for use with the next smaller Or same class, means also that saving selves and of raw ma grind t) 1 are nes, mandrels and 1 milling mact size and so on. 1282 THE IRON AGE December *}, 1914 collets have been standardized, and on lathes effort made of metal, those without wheels Le is now being put forth to standardize the spindles scopic for economical stacking. For tray with respect to the diameters and the number of besides the standard gauge steam and narr: : threads per inch so that chucks may be used inte electric storage battery cars, three forms changeably. are used, hand, platform-lifting and elect, Considerable attention is being given to the age. Before installing the electric storag: economical handling of the smaller materials; and careful tests were made to determine the while the complete solution is still far removed, saving over hand trucks, the result being evertheless certain gains have been made ove: single electric storage truck with a crey previously existing methods. Much of the ver men was found equivalent to two hand tru small material is packed preparatory to transpot a total of four to five men. One of the ma tation, in misprint cloth bags which can be pu direct gains made by the use of these tru hased at*very low figures and used many times in the receiving or unloading department, wh These have the advantage over wrapping paper 01 ability to remove material almost as fast as u paper bags in that they do not tear readily whe from incoming freight cars, eliminated fro the material is oily. Larger material is placed’ sideration the necessity of providing add directly in tote boxes, either with or without wheels ; floor space for a department that with on] and, while originally of wood these are now being truck facilities had become badly congested Rapid Finishing of Automobile Castings Use of a Duplex Attachment on a Stand- ard Milling Machine to Cut Production Time—Output Increased Over 157 Per Cent. + An interesting instance of a reduction in the on this general class of work. The machine a time required for finishing automobile castings ment, which is also a product of the Rockford effected through the use of a duplex attachment on pany, and the work in detail and the group ot the standard type of milling machine is found in chines are illustrated. The pieces in question the plant of the Mechanics Machine Company, Rock- quired finishing on opposite sides, and as former! ford, Ill. Here a group of three machines built by machined necessitated two settings of the piec the Rockford Milling Machine Company is employed The routine followed, before the machines we: uplex Attachment for Finishing Automobile Castings. Thé the Work and Has Increased Production from 60 to 155 Pieces pe! er 3, 1914 enabled two men to turn ped with attachments, Since the machines een equipped as shown the same two men have le to put out about 155 of these transmission it 60 castings per day. the same machines each day. duplex attachment is unique in the manne1 with knee type milling the method of fastening the attach- a heavy flange support, er with the carrying of the drive above and the spindle, makes e of two slab mills for this job on opposed es. The gearing for driving the attachment is arranged in a manner similar to the g which is used back of the main spindle for the attachment. With a similar flange and suitable right-angle bearing sleeve the e may be equipped with a vertical-spindle attachment. These attachments are adapt any of the builder’s milling machines, in the No. 2 heavy all-geared universal type brought out by this company. s machine is an exceptionally rigid tool with bearings running in high-duty type Hyatt bearings. Sixteen spindle speeds are obtain- om but three levers, a starting and stopping eing placed on either side of the main column. eed reverse levers are located on either side knee, and the machine is also provided with trip lever which will engage or disengage eed in use. The 16 changes in spindle speeds approximately geometrical progression from 176 r.p.m. The feeds. are all automatic and e, With a range from 9/16 to 20 in. per min. ork measuring up to a maximum of 28 x 8 x an be handled. A table is provided with a ri g surface of 11'5 x 50 in. and is operated quick return. The machine is designed for a nt-speed drive belted directly to the lineshaft. ving pulley has a diameter of 14 in. and is ed to run at 390 r.p.m. For motor drive a init is suitable. The net weight of the is 4200 lb. ise in connection nes, and +} he main column by dent of main possible THE IRON AGE 12835 Reciprocating Thread Rolling Machine To enable a thread of greater length to be rolled than was possible on its standard screw thread rolling machines, the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company, Waterbury, Conn., has develope: a line of special reciprocating screw thread rolling machines having extra deep dies. Special is laid upon the fact that machines the stiffness and rigidity in the frames the standard machines have been retained, and othe: improvements, empnas in the design of thes such as additional strength dus the use of tie rods at the part of the frame where the strain comes while the threads are being rolled have been added. Machines of this type are built t t} and automatic magazine hopper feeding for less blanks, and the use of these tie rods relic upon to prevent springing of the frame whe threads of considerable length are being rolled an to Insure urate length. feed, the plate resting on an adjustable depth gauge whic! an act thread throughout When the machine is operated with hai work is placed in front of a start set to give the length of thread required At t proper time the blanks are pushed forwart gripped by the moving dies and the threads rolled. The magazine feed is employed for headles blanks that have to be threaded either on one both ends or the entire length, the threading in the last two cases being done in one operation. TI type of feed is especially threading adapted for narvester machinery, screws skates buckles, and other work that re quires a right hand thread on one hand one on the other. Where the threads are rolled simultaneously on each end of the blanks, the dian eter and the pitch must, such as used in for electrical apparatus, special bolts, etc., pieces are and tur! end and tt a it ; of course, be the same, and in cases where a blank portion remains between the threaded portions, the dies are or a number of separated wit! fillers to make up the distance that is not to be threaded. The dies can be used to roll either right or left hand diameter of threads, as mav be desired. The maximun work handled by these machines Ll wy \ Special Reciprocating Screw Thread Rolling M Extra Deep Dies vesigned for Re v (are Thread TI ‘ossible with the Stan The machines are built with pump, tank and lubri- cating system for flooding the dies with lubricant while the work is being threaded. The Cressman-Kleinman Manuf ( Drexel Building, Philadelphia, has changed ame to the N. C. Cressman Comnany Heat-Treating Plant for Forge Shop Work New Department of Anderson Forge & Ma- chine Company Designed to Supply Automo- ; aie ml . bile Builders with The heat treatment of their products has bee given but little attention by commercial drop forging plants until quite recently. The automobile industry created an immense demand fo1 and this industry the use of alloy and stimulus to the demand for the heat all kinds of steel, other manufacturers outside of the automobile industry being quick to see the advantages of heat-treated steel. For several years it was the general custom of automobile builders to purchase the various forged parts as they came from the forging hammers and to give these parts such heat treatment as they desired in their heat-treating plants. Recently, however, pro prietors of drop-forging plants have come to realize that there is a good field for them in heat treating, as well as making, forgings, and during the past vear or two there has been a growing tendency on the part of buyers of forgings, particularly the automobile builders, to place orders for forgings heat forgings, has been largely responsible for increased steel gave a great treatment ol own treated according to specifications. The indications are that this call for heat-treated forgings will increase materially and that the commercial drop- forging plant that is not properly equipped heat-treating work will soon find itself seriously handicapped. It is stated that from 65 to 75 per cent. of all automobile forgings, both in alloy and carbon steels, are given some kind of heat treatment. Buy- ers in some cases give three or four different heat- treating specifications for a single part. The usual heat-treating operations specified for forgings for for Heat-Treated Forgings automobile parts are to bring the metal t to the highest tensile strength, reduction in area. A heat-treating plant that is of particula, terest because it is designed particularly for th, heat treatment of automobile forgings has be: cently installed by the Anderson Forge & Machi; Company, Detroit, Mich. This company erected new plant three years ago, but its heat-treating ¢, partment at that time was not given a great of consideration, and the facilities installed entirely elongat ae; vert inadequate to supply present needs. Th new plant was provided to meet the special requir: ments for heat treating drop-forged work, and j equipped so that forgings can be supplied heat treated according to any specifications of t} purchaser. The heat-treating department occupies a brik building, 60 x 60 ft., with sufficient window space t make the room well lighted. A large monitor ex tension affords ventilation through the roof. Th floor is partly brick and partly concrete. The fw nace equipment consists of 13 heat-treating fu naces, 11 new furnaces having been installed. Along one side of the room is a battery of seven singk opening oil-burning furnaces of the semi-muffle typx with heating chambers 32 in. wide, 60 in. dee and with a 17-in. arch, these furnaces being used almost entirely for heat treating and annealing alloy steels, and particularly for treating gear work and connecting rods. These furnaces were built by the Bellevue Furnace Company, Detroit. Thre nz Allov Steel Forgings for Automobiles December 3, 1914 THE IRON AGE 1285 rge oil-burning furnaces are used for heat treating annealing large automobile parts, such as rankshafts, axles and camshafts, and for annealing year forgings. These have heating chambers 8 ft. de, 8 ft. deep and 30 in. high from the floor of the furnace to the arch. There are also two oil fur- es for temper drawing, a Frankfort furnace heat treating high-speed steel and a lead hard- furnace. \ll the heat-treating furnaces are connected with kins water-jacketed indicating pyrometer fur- by the Hoskins Mfg. Company, Detroit, water jacket for the connection at the back h furnace being provided to secure more te readings than would be possible were the iment affected by the changing temperature in om. The cold end junction on the pyrometer back of each furnace is protected by a water onnected with coils, through which water is circulation. The three large furnaces have ible pyrometer connection, one at the front and ther at the back of the inside of the firebox the steel is heat treated its hardness is deter a scleroscope, and another instrument, a ope, is used for taking temperature, thi a check on the readings of the pyrometer former instruments were furnished by the strument & Mfg. Company. quenching there are three large water tanks eet steel and concrete, located convenient to rnaces. One of these is 96 in. long, 34 in. nd 60 in. deep; one 72 in. long, 24 in. wide n. deep, and the third is 48 in. x 48 in. and deep. Water is supplied to each of these a 2'»-in. pipe connected with the company’s pumping system. These tanks are used for ng simple carbon steel forgings, such as hafts, connecting rods, camshafts, etc. For alloy steel there is a large oil cooling tank ng, 6 ft. wide and 56 in. deep. This tank is ted with an oil cooling tank outside the build- | ing, placed underground, the oil being cooled circulating it through coils of 142-in. pipe. The length of this pipe in the cooling tank, together with the pipes leading to and from the quenching tank, 1s 1500 ft. The oil is discharged in the center of the bottom of the quenching tank. It is kept in circu lation by a Blackman motor-driven rotary pump, which forces it through the coils into the quenching tank, from which it flows by gravity back to an overflow, from which it is pumped through the coils and back again to the quenching tank. The water in the outside of cooling tank is supplied through a 2-in. inlet, and overflows from a 3-in. outlet into the sewer. Fuel oil used for the heat-treating furnaces and the furnaces in the forge shop is stored two 20,000-gal. storage tanks. One Blackman direct connected motor-driven pump is used for pumping the supply to the heat-treating furnaces, but in case of a breakdown one of the two forge shop pump 1286 can be used for this purpose. Air is supplied to the heat-treating department at a 9-oz. pressure by a 16-in. American Blower Company’s motor-driven direct-connected blower. Arrangement is made so that the various power units may be driven by the ompany’s own power or by current furnished by a ommercial power line. Adjoining the heat-treating building is a pick- : f H shed, 16 x 60 ft., in which are four large pickling tanks 5 ft. long, 39 in. wide and 30 in. deep. These tanks are set can be drained off work after being treated the pickling tanks, being in solution in copper baskets that are handled with a trolley hoist. track is provided the handling of naterial around heat-treating department, one pickling solution igain. All is put into : neat and ienched nersed in the pickling for convenient the the special cars which are arranged for the shoveling of parts from one side being shown. The apacity of the plant is indicated by the fact that ver 30,000 lb. of forgings have been heat treated it in one day A 300-Hp. Gas Engine Switching Locomotive The McKee Motor Car Con pal , Omaha, Neb., r tly built 00-hp. switching locomotive equipped vith a gasoline engine, which will exert a tractive effort ef 12,000 lb. at a speed of 6 miles per hr., with powe) developed by a six-cylinder engin There are tw airs of driving wheels and at the ends of the front o main driving axles and the rear driving axle aré¢ ounterbalanced crank disks which are connected by side rods. The power transmission, which is pneu matically operated, employs a sprocket the crank shaft, the chain passing through a sleeve working free the rear driving axk The power is then trar erred through multiple-disk friction clutch which delivers it through a chain to the forward driving axk vhere a series of gears are employed to produce heavy} active effort and high torque for starting purposes o ne power 1s One of the special features of the engine two exhaust ab, which is he center, and delivered directly to the driving wheels is the use o pipes extending through the roof. Th constructed entirely of steel, is placed it that the n uninterrupted view in all directions. it is pointed ou engineer ha Matador, Texas, switching service Junctio1 and Pacific petween the Qua that point nah, Acme & S on eon >a tt springs all way. THE IRON AGE justment was recently supplied to the Pitt r} in a concrete gutter so that the and used over An industrial The locomotive nade the trip fr