The Iron Age 1914-07-30: Vol 94 Iss 5

es ietiiaisicannciitenagptis = ULL Established 1855 LOVDODEUEUTET EU EE DAG VEAUDUA LOUDER DEADEO TEETER DEAN Theory Time, Temperature New York, July and HH 272700000 TEE eee en PHTENEA 7 30, 1914 Vol. 94: No. 5 and Practice of Sherardizing Motion in the Process—Inspection and Cleaning of Products Be Treated—Zine BY to Concerning the practical side of the article to be sherardized must sherardizing, be regarded, first, in respect to its ability to absorb zinc vapor, and then the condition under which zine produces vapor of iron in its different stages and forms, east iron, malleable iron, wrought iron, cold-rolled steel and steel in all its stages. Many kinds of iron articles have to be dealt with in many forms and stages and quite naturally they would have differ- ent rates of occlusion, due to the nature of the as SAMUEL TROOD Dust and Test for It o both elements of the process. In tl onnect it would be well to note that a critical point exists for the articles sherardized, for not all articles t be sherardized could be heated to the same degree without changing their physical properties. Fron this we see that the definite temperature for eac} special condition must be determined which is best for both the zinc dust and the treated article TIME AN IMPORTANT FACTOR Just as temperature, so time is an important fae tor in the process of sherardizing. Since articles of Phot crograph at Steel rdized Rolled Steel Showing Zin Section of Sher Cold Left is structure and form and quality of surface. The ar- ticles to be sherardized cannot be selected to an) extent and the specifications under which the arti- cles are being made cannot be changed without af lecting their cost. Therefore, the most favorable condition under which the given article will absorb the most zinc vapor must obtained. In be some Cases it will be a selection of temperature or pres- = ome cases it will be the treatment of the article, as annealing, or annealing under a reduc Ing at + mosphere, and in some cases, in the treatmen irface, mechanically (sand blasting and , or chemically (pickling). the theoretical discussion, mention was made fect of temperature as an important factor engines New ( stle, Pa wt s £ g the process for the first t tifically, was taker ul i! firs The Iron ige of Julv 2 I I SH ? rdizing wil - { Magnified Alloy 100 Times; tl Alloy, Mag ran different size, shape and character are treated, each were given its ideal condition of temperature and quality of zinc dust, the time of treatment of all would be alike, but this is not practical, for it is easier to vary the time of the process than the other factors. It is possible to obtain almost sherardizing in the « to a high temperature and allowed to pass through zinc dust instantaneous wire heated ase Ol! at normal temperature. In the case of many arti cles to be sherardized this method is impractical and so longer periods of time are required. Not only the time of heating the article during the pro ess should be considered but also the time of cool ing, for this process is not confined to any one par- ticular temperature, but takes place over a wide range of temperature. If the articles being treated have not become saturated riod, the process will still until the temperature falls below its mir during the heating pe continue upon cooling mum point, 246 There are two reasons for slowly cooling: First, to prevent loss from ‘exposing hot zine dust to the at- mosphere (the metallic zinc particles would quickly oxidize) ; second, to prevent the articles being chilled too quickly. MOTION DURING SHERARDIZING Sherardizing can be and is being done where the articles to be treated are placed in the zinc dust, heat applied, but no motion given to either the dusf or the articles during the process. This method is used in the case where large pieces, plates and sheets are being treated. If the transmission of heat through zinc dust were perfect and if the deteri- oration of the zinc particles were negligible, the motion of the articles during treatment Such, however, is not the case, for zinc dust is a poor conductor of heat and the de terioration of the zinc particles in intimate contact with the article treated requires a replacement of the same by new particles. would be innecessary. Since this process con until it the motion will pro during the tinues during the cooling period, reaches its eritical point, where it ceases, duce the same effect period. then as heating Since the process of sherardizing is being car ried on all over the country under different condi tions and for different purposes, it is impossible to give any specific rules for sherardizing. The fol lowing suggestions, however, can be applied in ger eral to all plants using this process. WHEN ARTICLES CANNOT BE SHERARDIZED The process of sherardizing can be divided int the following steps or stages, has a definite relation to the whole: 1. Inspection. 2. Cleaning or preparing of surface. 3. Zine dust. i. 1 . a: 2. eacn of wnicn Temperature time. 5. Equipment. As said before, the articles to be sherardized cannot be selected without increasing their cost, but this does not mean that everything can be sherar- dized. If the article is excessively corroded or cov ered by inburned slag (sometimes found with malle able iron) to such an extent that ordinary methods of cleaning will not remove it, it will not be advis able to attempt sherardizing. In this case such ar- ticles should be removed on inspection. Many peo- ple were of the opinion when taking up this process that anything would sherardize regardless of the condition of the surface, and this is the prime cause of the dissatisfaction at the process. Just as in the electro galvanizing and the hot galvanizing processes, so in sherardizing, the sur- faces must be thoroughly cleaned. A hot galvanizer or an electroplater would not think of galvanizing an article that was not free from scale, rust, grease, dirt or other impurities, and it is also important that this is done in sherardizing if satisfactory re sults are desired. DUST FROM introduction of the THE ZINC SMELTER There are two kinds of zinc dust on the market for commercial purposes, Grasselli and common blue dust. Blue dust is a by-product of a zine smelter and is mostly imported from Belgium and Germany. Grasselli dust is manufactured in this country from metallic zinc. The zine dust should be kept dry and if new zinc dust is used it should be dried out for several hours in the sherardizing drums at 100 deg. C., slowly rising up to 250 deg. C. The blue dust can be used with a lower metalli percentage. Less time is required for the run in THE IRON AGE July 30, 19)4 the oven (5 to 6 hr. The quality of coating better, as it is more uniform and solidified. spots are practically eliminated. There is 1 ger of fusion, bailing, balling and caking, ir id] tive of the various high temperatures. Hig peratures can be used. The drums, however, cannot be opene using blue dust until a relatively low temp has been reached, due to the very quick ox and danger of ignition. A longer period is the required for cooling. There are difficulties o{ ling this dust without a proper ventilating and adhesion of loose dust to threaded and ] surfaces occurs THE USE OF MANUFACTURED ZINC DUST A brighter metallic coating is obtained tha blue dust. Less time is required for cooli: less danger is encountered in opening the when hot. A higher metallic percentage is, however, 1 sary and a longer time is required for the the oven. There is also danger of fusion of : to slight overrunning of temperature. ZINC DUST TEST To prepare solution permanganate of potash titrati) it is not a clarifying solution) weigh 5 g. of pure fresh permanganate of potash cryst: weigh accurately—dissolve in 500 c.c. of pur distilled water at 60 deg. F. or thereabout upset the crystals into a dry glass stoppered and then fill up with water to the 500 c.c. mark not put the water in and then the crystals after wards, which would make the solution one t per cent. too weak. Place glass stopper in positior shake well till dissolved and then store in a dar cupboard. It will keep for about a fortnight or s but for competitive or buying or selling samples where extreme accuracy is wanted always make w a fresh solution. Welgh out from a previously carefully selected sample of zine dust, 1 g., weighing same to a hair; suspend in about 2 in. of distilled water in a glass beaker 3 in. in diameter—beaker large enough t hold a pint. Add to this 12 to 20 g. (according to presumed metallic value of dust) of pure ferr sulphate, and stir it and grind it with a glass rod for 20 min. off and on till all the zinc dust and all the ferric is dissolved with the exception 0! a few possible impurities at the bottom. Test these however, by grinding them with the glass stirring rod and hold beaker up to a strong light and looking through it from the bottom and if any action (bul- bling or movement) is seen on these impurities give the solution a little more time to dissolve them Then add another inch or so of pure water to sav intense heat when acidulating, then add 25 strong sulphuric acid C. P. (for ordinary shop work good soft clean tap water if free from organic mat ter, and good quality commercial acid will Stir the acid in. Before adding the acid the solution is of a rust orange color. After adding the acid the solution is of a light emerald color. Having done this, take a 100 c.c. graduated mea uring glass tube, with a cock at the bottom, 1-¢ about 915 in. high and 11% in. or less in diameter and graduated by centimeters from 0 to 100 © and fill it up to the 100 c.c. mark with the perma! ganate of potash solution. Gradually pour this into the zine solution. 4 first the pink color will almost instantly disappe#! then go slower and hang cloudy. Keep stirr the time until the end, i.e., when the last drop » 1914 d and well stirred will just turn the whole throughout a pale salmon pink. Then stop. from the glass how much of the solution and multiply this by 1.0364. The result he actual metallic percentage of the zine ple: 49 e.c. of solution used to give the r. Then 49 1.0364 = 50.7836 per cent. ne. Thirty to 40 per cent. dust will do 15 g. ferric. Over that make sure by 20 g. ferric. Excess does not harm. TEMPERATURE AND TIME erature and time are factors which, de- ipon each other, are very important in the sherardizing. They depend on the choice ty of zine dust used and also on the re- and physical properties of the sherard- erial. can be said in regard to equipment unless les to be sherardized are determined. If bolts, nuts, washers, stampings, forgings les of malleable cast iron, the equipment ery different than in the case where large naterial, structural iron, etc., are treated, continuous sherardizing is applicable, 2s wire cloth, nails, sheet metal etc. How to sherardize smaller work, such tioned above, will be described later. re, woven (To be continue dad) Record Coal Output in 1913 production of coal in the United States has roken all previous records, the output for 1915 70,048,125 net tons, which is considerably more ible the production of 1900 and more than eight production of 1880, according to a statement ied by the United States Geological Survey, ires compiled by Dr. Edward W. Parker, coal! The value of the coal mined in 1913 is $760,488,785. Compared with the previous output for 1913 shows an increase of 35,581, or nearly 7 per cent. The increased activity by these figures was well distributed through- ' coal-producing States, 23 of which showed and only 6 decreased production, the decrease these, Colorado, being due solely to labor Twelve of the states showing increases made ania mined more coal in 1913, both an nd bituminous, than in any previous year in of the industry. The production reached us total of 265,306,139 net tons, valued at at $388,220,933, which is one-fifth of the tput. Of this 91,524,927 tons was anthracite, 195,181,127, and 173,781,217 tons was bitu ied at $193,039,806. The total tonnage previous record for 1912 by 19,079,053 net arly 8 per cent., the proportionate increase the same for both anthracite and bitumi- rain in the value of anthracite, however, was or about 10 per cent., over 1912 and it oal $23,669,309, or 14 per cent. The total 1912 was $41,227,810, or nearly 12 per cent. for the great floods of 1913 Dr. Parker esti- from 5 to 10 million tons of coal would added to the year’s total output. The de- al for blast furnaces and steel works shows rease, tive men in blast furnace, steel works ill operations will be named to cooperate experts of the Pennsylvania State Depart- or in the framing of uniform regulations at such plants. About twenty committees £ various lines of industry have been named partment and their drafts of regulations will ted in the latter part of the year. y THE IRON AGE 247 A Small Bevel Gear Generating Machine A small size generating bevel gear planing ma- chine has been developed by the Works, Rochester, N. Y. It follows in general the construc tion of the builder’s line of two-tool gear generat ing machines, but is intended for making smaller bevel gears of the finest pitches. It Gleason is mounted on a pedestal which is integral with an oil pan, and there are features incorporated in it to facilitate rapid changing of the work. The ma chine will handle any bevel gear having a cone dis tance of not less than 2'4 in. and a *4-in. face. The largest pitch recommended is 8 diametal pitch, and the smallest for which the tools are made as standd ard is 32. It is possible to cut smaller pitches, but the extent to which this can be done is limited by the fact that the tool must have sufficient thickness at the point to stand up to the cut. A rack and pinion with a lever and a micromete: stop is supplied for shifting the head to any desired distance from the cone center of the machine. When the distance from the apex of the gear to the back of the hub is known, it is simply necessary to set the micrometer stop to this distance the bring the head up to the stop, the locking being a complished by a single lever. The use of tool gauges is simplified considerably by a limit gauge which is 0.0005 i . over and under the desired length, with a separate gauge for the pressure angle. The ma chine will generate a tooth in 4 sec. as a minimum and 40 sec. as a maximum. The extremes of tool speed are 400 and 120 strokes per min., and a slip gear arrangement is provided for throwing the tools out of gear while making changes. The indexing mechanism, which is positive in action, runs in an oil bath, as does the feed mechan ism. Square gibs are used for all of the wearing surfaces and the shaft bearings have bronze linings. The net weight of the machine is 1250 lb. and a floor space of 32 x 44 in. is required. An oil pump for flooding the work while the cut is being taken forms a part of the regular equipment of the ma- chine. several new and 248 NEW TURRET SCREW MACHINE A Universal Machine for Manufacturing Dupli- cate Parts from Bar Stock A new turret screw machine known as the No. 4 universal turret screw machine, designed for the manufacture of duplicate parts from bar stock, cast- ings and forgings, with simultaneous power opera tion of both carriage and turret and other interest- ing new features, has brought out by the Warner & Swasey Company, Cleveland, Ohio. The power longitudinal and cross feeds for the carriage make it a distinctly universal machine. As many as 11 tools can be used at one time, and the machine is claimed to be equally adaptable for manufacturing in large quantities or for the economical production of a small number of interchangeable parts. The machine has a capacity for bar stock up to 1!» in. in diameter and 10 in. in length. Screw machines with feed on the carriage are not uncommon, but this is the first machine to be provided with power longitudinal feed for the carriage. To add greatly to the possibility been CTOss power the and production, the carriage has a feed independent of the hexagon turret, being driven by a separate feed shaft, as in the company’s Nos. 2A and 3A universal hollow hexagon turret lathes. Another feature is the fact that the feeds of the carriage can be reversed entirely independently of the the turret, so that if necessary the turret can be fed toward the chuck while the carriage feeds awa) from the chuck. Two diameters can thus be turned at once or the outside of a piece can be turned with tt working with carriage increasing tne important ‘ feeds of the carriage while the hole is being bored from the turret. Another important feature is the arrangement in the carriage for chasing threads. A screw ma chine which can be used to chase threads from thi carriage on large-diameter pieces is a decided ad vance over the ordinary screw machine, and thus considerably widens the field for the machine. The head and bed are cast in one piece to insure strength and rigidity. Unless otherwise specified, the machine is equipped with the standard cone pul- THE IRON AGE July 30 1914 ley drive, but a single pulley-driven all-gear: d may be substituted, taking power from a plain tigi; and loose pulley countershaft, or driven diré hb a motor. The machine illustrated in the standay cone-pulley drive type. The cone pulley of this ty, has three steps with ratios especially design the proper spindle speeds and the maximum powe; the diameter of the steps being 61, 8%4 and the face of the pulley being designed for a 3-in. belt In case a greater range of spindle speeds is desir; eu a triple friction countershaft is furnished. Whe this countershaft is used the driving cone pulley has steps 82, 9%, and 11 in. in diameter. The counter. shaft driven at 225 r.p.m. gives spindle speeds of 174 to 450 r.p.m., and with back gears, 35 to 9] r.p.m. With the triple friction countershaft, speeds of 150 and 334 r.p.m. give spindle speeds ranging from 115 to 435 r.p.m., and with back gears, 23 t 87 r.p.m. With an all-geared head a driving pull 10 in. in diameter with a 2°%4-in. face is used, and the six spindle speeds range from 36 to 450 r.p.n [hese speeds and the reverse are obtained by sliding gears in the head operated by small levers in f: The geared head may be belted to a constant-spe motor of about 2 hp. placed at the rear, or be belt a plain countershaft. The spindle is a forging of high-carbon steel a! ground to The bearing boxes are of speci composition babbitt, carefully scraped and _ fitt The bearings are straight, and steel adjusting ‘ lars and rings are provided for taking up the e! driven from 51zZe. thrust. Oil grooves carry the lubricant over 't entire bearing surface of the spindle. The matic chuck and bar feed, operated bs a long lev on the front of the head, grips and releases the w instantly. With one movement the operator opel: the chuck and feeds the bar stock without stopp the machine. A stepped wedge operating fingers provided with rollers to reduce friction au! matically adjusts the for slightly \ diameters of stock. The feed gear box provides the changes power longitudinal and cross feeds for the carriag' as well as the power longitudinal feeds for the tur ret. Driving the turret and carriage by se} shafts is claimed to add greatly to the efficiency collet 0, 1914 oss S ‘ ad the Square achine, as the feeds are thus independent proper feeds can be used for either. are obtained by shifting the two levers on t, each giving four feeds for the turret or These are doubled by the pull pin at end, thus providing eight feeds of wide range each. The feed gears are of steel, assuring suf nt power for maximum cuts. [he carriage with the cross slide and square tur of entirely new design. It spans the flat ways s constructed for ease of control, strength and ptability. The power longitudinal feed is en red by the lever at the lower left-hand corner of pron. The thrown out six inde adjustable stops carried on a stop roll, these dead stops for gauging finished lengths feed regarded as an extremely valuable feature, Feed irriage. feed is by rriage is reversed by a sliding worm rmits the carriage to be fed in either direc nd as the carriage is operated by a separate s independent of the hexagon turret in i direction of feed. The power cross feed is n by the short lever under the cross slide. ross slide is operated by a ball handle and fitted with a large graduated dial and adjust dicators for accurately gauging the depth of When heavy forming cuts are taken the car nay be locked to the bed by a binder handle ol posts and a square turret are regularly ed. The square turret, adapted for the use ols, is quickly indexed without lifting from and clamped in each position by the handle the bolt and a central perates lock taper device. turret slide and saddle unit is of the build ndard type. The slide has a length of feed which is extremely long for this size of It has also a very long bearing on its The saddle is provided with a supple- taper base and the slide is fitted with each these being fitted nent of the turret after it has worn slightly, t is not expected that any of these parts 1 adjustment for a long time. The turret is hexagon and measures 8" in. across the flats. w hexagon turret can be _ supplied if ribs on for side, turret slide is operated by turnstile, rack : n. The turret is automatically indexed by THE IRON AGE the backward firmiy to its it revolves. ment pass through the turret, movement of the slide, being held large steel si seat DY a ud lhis stud ipon is tapere d, providing a for wear, and is bored so that long stock can tnus allowing snort stil tools to be used. The lock bolt is of a special g of steei, hardened and ground. It is operated vet tically and locks into hardened and ground steel bushings. The locking is at the tront end of the slide, almost directly under the working tool. The tool holes in the solid hexagon turret a1 in. in diameter, with binder bushings for holding tools with round shanks. Each face has also four tapped holes for bolting tools dir to th rl Tool holes may be bored to any special size spe In the hollow hexagon turret the tool hol in. in diameter, with a bolt hole each side tool hole. The power feed to the turret is through a f1 tion clutch, instead of the ordinary worn é Eight changes are obtained through the geat and are automatically tripped by the independent These stops operate automaticall for each position of the turret. The for their full length and are readily the length of each cut. Each stop a binder screw for retaining adjustable stops. f are threaded adjustable for s provided wit! when set its position rhe cylindrical arm of the taper attat hment into a corresponding boss on the ick of the bed At the outer end of the arm is a T-block. Che bast of the attachment bolted into the T-slots at th: rear of the cut-off slide. To this base is fitted the tool block itself, this being in turn operated by tl HACK. taper bar at the This taper bar is adjustabl for tapers up to 3 in. per foot in lengths 6 In doing taper work it is not necessary to disconne the cross feed screw when turning tapers, tn taper is not obtained from the cut-off slide itself but from the tool block of the attachment Phi tool block is arranged for either inside or outside tapers. The taper attachment does not interfere with the operation of the hexagon turret or the square turret. Both « ndrical and taper work ca) be done on the same piece with the carriage without removing the taper attachment. The chasing attachment for cutting threas from 3 to 32 pitch operates by means of a leader, A quick return being effected by n the opposite direction. A follower, B, ’, threaded and leader, ( gle lever, D, controls the followers for both leader thus governing the chasing feed and the quick r¢ turn for the tool. By placing the chasing lever in it is brought When ng lever D follower E horizontal position the chasing follower B into engagement with the chasing leader A. the thread has been chased the chas lifted, thus bringing the returning into 250 engagement with the returning leader C and throw- ing the chasing follower B out of engagement with its leader A. As the returning leader C and follower E are threaded in a direction opposite to that of the chasing leader and follower the carriage is thus returned to its starting point. It is not necessary to reverse the countershaft or spindle for returning the chasing tool to its starting point. Each leader and follower cuts threads in multiples of one and four of its own pitch. A micrometer screw attached to the cross slide provides a fine adjustment for the depth of cut. The taper and chasing attachments are furnished as extras. They greatly increase the working range of the machine and make it possible to finish work on this machine for which engine lathes were formerly required. The oil reservoir is of cast iron bolted to the pan and fitted with a strainer to prevent chips from entering. A screw plug in the bottom provides a means of cleaning. A partition in the reservoir pre vents sediment from entering the pump. The oil pump is driven by a belt from a pulley on the countershaft and operates when running in either direction. It delivers an abundant supply of oil, which is distributed by two pipe lines. The oil pan is of pressed steel. The principal dimensions and specifications not given above are as follows: Swing over bed, in 6 Swing over carriage guides, 1 “wing over Carriage cross Sl Cross. travel of carriage, i Longitudinal travel of carriage, Turning movement of turret t one setting of saddle along bed, in Greatest distance from face of omati chuck to turret, in.... ; Floor space of machine, approxin : Net weight of machine, lb 2,450 Crated shipping weight, lb 2,650 Export shipping weight, Ib 3,175 Contents of case, cu. ft l The machine is regularly furnished with geared friction head, automatic chuck and bar feed in- cluding master collet and one set of round bushings, -arriage with geared power longitudinal and cross feeds, front and rear tool posts, quick indexing square turret tool post with rocker wedges, solid hexagon turret with independent adjustable stops and geared power feed, oil pan and pump, and double friction countershaft. Oxy-Acetylene Welds A paper on the strength of welds made by the oxy- acetylene process was presented at a joint meeting of naval architects and engineers held at Newcastle, Eng- land, July 8, by Prof. A. Campion and William C. Gray, of the Royal Technical College, Glasgow. The results of a series of repeated impact tests showed that the thicker the plate the less reliable was the weld and the greater the reduction in strength. Thick material also generally showed less improvement by annealing; in fact, under ordinary working conditions it was usually impracticable to anneal the material. As the result of a large number of tests and experiments upon autog- enous welds, the authors came to the conclusion that, although there was a wide field of usefulness for oxy- acetylene and similar processes for joining or repair- ing steel plates, bars, etc., which were not required to resist very severe stresses, considerable caution should be exercised and due regard paid to all the conditions before making use of them. A very serious responsi- bility attended the use of autogenous welding in cases where the parts were likely to be subjected to considera- ble mechanical strain. Autogenous welds always repre- sented a somewhat uncertain quantity, as there was no method, except by destructive tests, of ascertaining whether a weld was good or bad. The production of sulphate of ammonia in Ger- many now amounts to 500,000 tons per year, 400,000 tons coming from the districts west of the Elbe. THE IRON AGE July 30, i914 A Device to Prevent Cupola Explosions An article in Stahl und Eisen for February 2¢ 1914, by Franz Osswald explains a device fo) re. venting explosions in cupolas. Apparatus hithert, used to guard against the occurrence of such dents in foundry cupolas consists mostly of valves safet Dev to l’revent Cupola Explosi in the blast pipe or on the wind boxes of the cupola, which are intended to weaken the effect of such an explosion. Or they sometimes consist of throttles in the pipes near the wind box, which become closed during the temporary shutting down of the cupola and are supposed to prevent the entrance of carbo! monoxide into the blast pipes and its ignition mixed with air, in the glowing cupola when the blast is again turned on. With this in mind the operators sought to prevent the cause of such explosions, the collection of carbon monoxide, by their instructions regarding the holding open of the blast pipe valves when the blast was stopped and started up again But the satisfactory carrying out by workmen of such directions is not always easily attained. The new automatic safety device, shown in the illustration, should overcome this difficulty. It con- sist of a perpendicular cylinder (a) attached to an opening in the windbox, which is closed top and bot- tom by a sievelike perforated hemispherical cap. |! the lower part is a valve which is held open by spring as long as the blast is off and which does not close until the blast pressure is equal to the weight of a column of water of 200 mm. Through the lower perforated cap and the open valve fresh air streams in while the cupola is not in operation, so that the carbon monoxide gases can burn. When the blast is again turned on the gases in the windbox are driven through the valve, which is still open, int the outside air and are rendered harmless. The gradually increasing blast pressure closes the valve and the blast streams through the tuyeres into the melting zone of the cupola. The upper valve is held closed by means of 2 spring and opens only when the blast pressure mounts higher than is customary. This device offers a safety valve for all eventualities. Besides it relieves in certain cases the burden on the blast and the motors, for it assists a part of the blast to escape freely when there is a scorifying of the blast pipes or tuyeres. The device is said to be placed to the best advantage on the side of the cupola opposite the tapping hole. 1914 T 0) Hich-Speed Multiple Drilling Machine Baush Machine Tool Company, Springfield, has recently developed a new design of high- iltiple-spindle drilling machines. These ma- ossess a number of new features and are four sizes, the largest of which is the one ted. While, as will be noticed from the ac- ing illustration, the machine is massive and onstruction, it is emphasized that at the e it is very light and convenient for the r to handle. The spindles are, of course, ar- o that they can be readily removed when not needed, so that only the necessary of the machine are in operation at a time. er of conveniences are provided, so that s can be quickly set up for an irregular main drive consists of a pair of spiral vhich are inclosed in the gear box A. The ; of steel and the gear is of bronze, and run in a bath of oil. The weight of the shaft and these gears is taken on a ball bearing. Two cables and an equalizer pro- r counterweighting the head of the machine. les pass over a safety locking device which ed upon to keep the head from falling, should ‘one or both of the cables fail. A large recess vided in the counterweight for the addition extra weights that may be needed to keep ead in balance when heavy drills and sockets being used. feeds which are four in number are ar- ranged so that two changes are obtained with a one pulley, and this number is doubled by gearing n the feed gear box B. The gears are controlled a jaw clutch which in turn is operated by a ever, C, located within convenient reach of the perator. The advantage of this arrangement is f cast iron is being machined, the two coarser would be used and the belt would be placed he step of the cone pulley which would give desired rate. If, on the other hand, steel were e drilled exclusively the belt would be set to two finer rates and ordinarily never red. The lever D on the side of the machine controls a swinging worm engages and dis- iges the feed. This worm is carried on a ball bearing in a swinging frame, and both the ind the worm wheel are kept submerged in \n automatic feed stop, E, is provided, and ad is returned by hand by manipulating the at the left of the machine. ‘he head is rectangular and various sizes can pplied up to maximum dimensions of 24 x 52 "he arms and the spindles, which range from ‘0 in number, according to the size of the ire adjustable in all directions within this and there are no projections in the shape or bolts to keep them apart, so that it is to operate them on centers equal to the nose diameter plus a slight running clear- \n independent ball thrust bearing is regu- rnished with the spindles, each of which ndependent vertical adjustment at G for lengths of drills. The adjustment is con- y a Single screw on the extreme outside end rm, which makes a convenient arrangement. n spindle gearing in the gear chest of the sin oil. Steel is used for all of the pinions, perate in bronze bushed bearings. s shown in the engraving, the design of and bed is very massive. A _ return ‘or lubricant, skimmer, weir and tank are for the bed, so that it is possible to The 4 é The THE IRON wt — AGE 2! An Improved Type of Machine Having High-Speed Multiple-Spindle Drilling Number of New Features and supply pipe readily, if the material being handled renders attach the pump character of the this necessary. Working Hours in German Steel Plants New regulations, which will into force in December next, have been issued in Germany concerning the hours of labor in the heavy iron and steel industry, according to the London Iron and Coal Trades Review They provide that: (1) The particulars required to be furnished as regards employees on overtime on ordinary days, or in any circumstances on Sundays or holidays, and also with regard to cases of emergency, in which the normal conditions as to intervals of rest, ete., are set aside, are to be sent to the factory inspector i! stead of to the local police. (2) The principal interval of rest must in the future be so fixed as to fall betweer the end of the fifth and the beginning of the tenth hour. Hitherto this interval, which must be of at least an hour’s duration, has had to fall between the end of the fifth and the beginning of the ninth hour of the shift This interval may be reduced exceptionally, but not below half an hour, by permission of the higher admir istrative authorities, in establishments where suitable rooms are provided in which men may take their meal near the place of work. (3) Where the shift exceeds eight hours in duration the minimum period of uninter rupted rest between two successive periods of work is to be increased from eight to ten hours. The period of work including overtime, between two such rest periods of 10 hours each, must not exceed 16 hours, in- cluding pauses. (This does not apply to double shifts worked at the time of changing shifts). Further, work ers may only be employed in double shifts of 24 hours in length if they have periods of 12 hours’ rest before and after such shifts. come Delegations from the National Hardware Associa tion of the United States (wholesale), the Nationa! Supply & Machinery Dealers’ Association, the Sheet Metal Club and from organizations in the wholesale dry goods and jewelry trades called on President Wil- son on Wednesday, July 29. The interview was ar- ranged to give the wholesale interests of the country an opportunity to present their views to the President on the business situation as affected by legislative pro posals. 959 252 THE IRON AGE July 30, 1914 NEW TYPE MOLDING FRAME the accompanying engravings, while the su stages in the operation of the frame are bro The Combination of a Simple Pattern Drawing in the other. As will be noticed from the engravin; ; a © of the frame itself, there are sets of cam n er Mechanism with a Pattern Carrier in the corners which are controlled by a . Frank J. Becker, Hamilton, Ohio, has patented levers and links. an improved molding frame. It is intended for usé In use the frame is placed on the drag a t} with flask and solid mold frames, pattern carriers, are mounted on a follower board. After t] match plates, or any type of cope and drag, and con has been placed in the flask as shown in th sists of a pattern drawing mechanism applied on the left-hand corner the drag is reversed and t} side of a pattern carrier of the ordinary type. The placed under the pattern in the molding frame. Thi; advantages claimed for the use of the frame are that is the position shown in the upper right-hand ey the patterns are automatically drawn from the part The molder then moves the operating leve ing plane, perfect molds are made in a short space left to right and first raises the pattern fran of time and the output of the shop is increased. of the cope, and as the lever is moved still] The frame is similar in construction to those of the molding frame is raised still further fr the ordinary type, except that it has a mechanical cope, and at the same time the Crag is raised movement for raising the cope from the pattern, there is sufficient space between the frame a: draws the pattern from the cope and drag or makes’ two parts of the flask, as shown in the lower complete lift and draw of the mold. The frame hand corner, for the former to be removed w with a pattern mounted in it is illustrated in one of damaging the mold in the flask. The machine wit F rtd ~ = Se el 8 a ae View Showing Successive Stages in the Operation of a Recently Developed Molding Frame 1914 rn drawn is shown in the lower right rdinary gate of patterns or a pattern plate sed, and it is a simple matter to attach any 4 Rear View of the Frame patterns to the frame, as it is handled like After a gate is completed another is about 10 min. being required to change A New Belt-Driven Ventilator of the Fan Type itor of the fan type placed on the market time ago by the Burt Mfg. Company, Akron, recently been redesigned and improved, a ve being substituted for the former friction This type of ventilator, which in its earlier illustrated in The Iron Age, September 28, designed particularly for use in foundries and manufacturing plants where difficult conditions net with and where it is desired to remove smoke nd fumes quickly. It is stated that it will remove 10 as much air in a given length of time as the iverage stationary ventilator. A forced air draft is mehanically secured by the fan, which is located in the ywer part of the ventilator. This fan is driven at a speed of 250 to 300 r.p.m. The ventilator is provided with a damper connected with fusible links which will eak in case of fire and cause the damper to drop and it off the draft. \ny one of four methods of driving the fan can be ed, depending on conditions and convenience. One utside belt drive from a lineshaft over idler pul- the driving pulley connected with the fan. An- an inside belt drive from the lineshaft and is ised when the lineshaft is directly under the ventilator. ther drive is from a direct-connected motor in the ng on the outside of the ventilator. The fourth 1 isan inside belt drive from a motor conveniently ited beneath the ventilator. The fan is equipped ball bearings. The ventilator is made in four 24, 30, 36 and 48 in., and the power required to ite each fan is from 4 to % hp. depending upon Was times th, Patterson Tool & Supply Company, dealer in ery, tools and supplies, Dayton, Ohio, expects January 1, 1915, to occupy two stores, 40 x 120 an and 4 stories and basement in hight now ected. This space, together with an additional ng on the rear for a garage and steel warehouse, mit this company to concentrate its machinery, d supply business under one roof. The thirty- inniversary of the establishment will, it is ex- be celebrated in the new quarters. T. E. Fritch, dent and treasurer; W. R. Kemper, secretary, 6. Moorman, assistant secretary, recently cele- their twenty-fifth anniversaries of entering the tary Garrison announces that the Panama Canal pen for commerce to vessels not needing more ft. of water on August 15, 1914. Probably the a ssel to pass through will be the Cristobal, a " partment steamer, now at Colon. There will be ilities, all ceremonies being left for the official . When the international fleet will pass through | in March, 1915. THE IRON AGE 253 A Protective Panel for Electric Cranes The Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., has placed a new electric crane protective panel on the market. This is intended for use in connection with manually oper ated or non-magnetic controllers and serves a two fold purpose, as it provides complete protection to the crane motors and electrical equipment from overloads, grounds and _ short-circuits, and als prevents injury to the workmen while making re- pairs by locking the line switch in an open position Each side of the line is opened and closed by a magnet switch controlled by a series relay in each motor circuit, and one in the common side of the main circuit. Should the current at any time rise above the setting of the relay the magnet switches are opened and the current is thus cut off. The use of relays on both sides of the line is relie upon to prevent them reason of grounds. they from failing to operate by After the relays have automatically reset, but the magnet switches will remain open until a push button in the crane cab is pressed. In this way protection the motors starting up unexpectedly is secured A double-pole switch is used to control the line cur rent, and this is arranged so that it can be locked open by padlocks inserted by the men at werk upor operated are fron A Recently tion Developed Protective Panel with Manuall (oy rated Cr ne Controlle the crane, and cannot be closed until all the pad locks are removed. In this way, it is pointed out, all danger to workmen from the current being acci dentally turned on is eliminated. Production of Fluorspar The quantity of domestic fluorspar reported to the United States Geological Survey as marketed in 1913, according to Ernest F. Burchard, was 115,580 net tons, valued at $736,286, compared with 116,545 tons, valued at $769,163, in 1912, the year of largest output. The average price per ton for the whole country, conside ing all grades of fluorspar—gravel, lump and ground was approximately $6.57 a ton in 1913, compared with $6.60 in 1912, a decrease of 23 cents. Fluorspar was produced in 1913 in six States—Illinois, Kentucky, New Mexico, Colorado, New Hampshire and /.rizona—in the order named. About 80 per cent. of the domestic out put of fluorspar is consumed as a flux in basic open hearth steel furnaces. The Maryland Steel Company has started up about half the plant of 126 Koppers by-product coke ovens which have Point, Md. been under construction at Sparrows Historical interest and metallurgical interest are not often found combined in modern iron operations. The average one of to-day is developed from purely commercial surroundings and considerations. lron mining, dating back to 1734 and continuing to the present day; an historic mountain-top furnace, from the pig iron of which the Constitution’s anchors came; old forges that manufactured iron from which cannon ball and chain for our ancestors’ army and navy were forged—an unbroken line of such opera- tions leading up to modern mining and smelting is traced, connecting an organization of to-day with events that formed the ground work of its begin- nings. It will probably surprise the average person to learn that in Connecticut there exists an iron ore and blast furnace enterprise, extensive in its scope, important in its product and intensely historically. The operations which led up to the formation of 3arnum Richardson Company, of Rock, interesting the Lime Extent for Undergr« Present Condition of the Weed Mine, Showing of and the New Power House and Shaft the yund Mining Mine, the Conn., of Barnum Historic Iron \; Ore Mining Dating fry Cannon Leading Up to a Mok lutionary Conn., go back to very early days. When Connecti was being settled by the colonists, the northweste1 part was regarded as a wilderness. It was not long before iron ore was discovered which soon became the chief magnet which drew thrifty farmers, toa locality now known as Salisbury, a town in the northwestern portion of the state, and unknown t many of the colonists until about 1731. At this time the Colonial Assembly granted to Daniel Bissell, o! Windsor, 100 acres of the ore bed in Salisbury, com prising the present Ore Hill mine. Since that time iron mining and smelting in some form or other has offered an occupation for a large majority o! the people of that thrifty town, and in the earl days it was the center of all that development of this industry. The chief iron ore mines of this part of the state are located in the vicinity of the town of Salisbur and for many years the pig iron made from these ores has been known as Salisbury iron. The prit- cipal mines are known as Old Hill now Ore Hill), Davis and Chatfield and are located on the eastern slope of the Tocconuc range of hills which are the foot hills of the famous Berk- shire Mountains. The Davis bed 1s located near the village of Salisbury, the Chatfield and Ore Hill beds ar about two miles southwest of it. It is estimated that the vein of ore which these and other mines part extends from down in New York state to a considerable distance into Massachusetts and possibly Vermont. The first ore was dug at Ore Hill. It was worked by hand as an opel mine for many years by means of a number of pits carried into the si of the hill. This mine yielded the firs! J ore between 1730 and 1735 and has since been worked constantly. It ! estimated that between 1837 and the the concerned are s Open Mir mm in Connecticut ; ing Revo- d ; — Developments ih Enterprise the civil war about 6000 tons a year were ut. Since then this amount has greatly in and the present estimate is about 20,000 For many years this mine was con- y an association of proprietors, owners of ne, and a mining company who took out the former was paid a duty by the latter, who ore to furnace owners. This was the ar until about 1898 when the Barnum n Company bought out the association and the mine. mining has been discontinued. The ore is tained by mining to a distance of 1800 ft. ind. The illustration which heads this ws the extent of the operations at this in the eighteenth century. Near enter is shown the effect of the principal operation, while at the left center the pparatus for shaft mining is shown, as wel wer house, the washers and the arrang¢ loading into cars. The m which the photograph was r about 200 ft. high and le by dumping ore refuse year r. The bottom of the old out 200 ft. below the origi- and they are about one- mile wide by three-fourths long. Two other illustra- the skip hoist and crusher ne, as well as the method of the ore from one skip to the year. el< eaPriy arest mine to Ore Hill is the ed, where only open mining arried on. About 75 years ns per year were taken out ne mine has been abandoned ally nothing has been taken s vi er 20 years. The third mine ury is known as the Davis ited about three miles from The Present Apparatus for Shaft M Ore Hill. Only open mining has been used here and its enormous pit gives an idea of the length of time it was operated. This also Barnum Richardson Company, but has doned for about ten ye: While there are portance in this general terr bed is owned by the been aban irs. other mines of more or less im itorv only one 1s of In terest so far as present operations are concerned. This is the one known as the Weed mine, located about 15 miles from Salisbury, just over the line i1 New York State. It was operated as an open mine 50 or 60 years ago when it furnished ore for the Millerton Iron Company, but it has not been worked for about 25 \ any longer in existence. It is now owned by the Barnum Richard son Company, which is making active preparations to take out ore which with The operations and a new power plant ears, nor is the company will be smelted in conjunction ng from the Ore Hill mine will be entirely shaft mining is nearly completed at tl the ore now con new Hoist and Crusher t the Ore Hill Mine 256 THE IRON AGE July 30 19)4 well-preserved condition, exhibiting scar evidences of rust or deterioration. About 1748 a forge was erected in the village of Lakeville, then called Furnace Vil! 1762 John Hazeltine, Samuel Forbes and Allen, of Ticonderoga fame, purchased the and built a blast furnace which is regarded ing been the first one in the state. A rey drawing shows a sectional view of this old which is said to have produced 21% tons in 24 the charge having consisted of 3 tons of ore bushels of charcoal per ton of iron. The apparatus used fer this furnace was a gr trast to the large blowing engines of the day. It consisted of two large old-fashioned bellows driven by a water wheel, the shaft of was provided with tuppets which engaged wit} lug attached to a lever by which the bello operated. A year after it was built this furnace v ; to Charles and George Caldwell, of Hartford , - = who operated it until 1768. It was then Richard Smith, a royalist, who controlled Met} ( ( s some years, and ran it successfully until the - tionary war began, when he left the count) mine for this purpose. One of the illustratio the furnace without an agent. The colonial ; shows this mine in its present state, the extent o! ment then took possession of it, but did 1 the open mining being evident and the point being fiscate it. Joshua Porter was chosen agent an shown where the underground mining will start as ployed 59 men. He proceeded to manufacturé well as the new buildings. non, cannon-balls, shells, shot, camp kettles