The Iron Age 1913-11-13: Vol 92 Iss 20

THE RON AGE Established 1855 New York, November 13, 1913 Vol. 92: No. 20 a" nag A Puzzle in Intricate Iron Castings F An Inquiry for Suggestions How Gray Iron . " : ; , Could Be Formed in the Delicate Shapes “ . . . Shown in the Accompanying Illustrations The accompanying reproductions from photographs, utes at a time and sometimes resp t a1 és slightly enlarged, show objects of common gray cast iron in a root Some of the formations ar » delicate that et that look like delicate vines and low-growing ferns and they have been broken in somewhat carel handling : in some cases suggest Japanese carvings. The specimens Quite a number of guesses regarding the process or t were produced by a metallurgical engineer and chemist, procedure have already been made but these are for the } who found so much interest taken in them that he has sug- present withheld n tw r three weeks a sufficient num- ) n in Flower-Like and Other Delicate Forms. Attention Calle the Res I R Sight Hand Corner to a Bunch of Grapes in the One Case ar ls : , a ight ; o . Sie » Old Tree She » Its Roots eft Side Sox = , : er Looks Not Unlike Low-Growing Ferns on a S p of a : ving ; » * ' ; oes ‘ ' : the Group o Three Immediately Above tl st Has e Appearance ‘ oR ested TL j r ; re : ‘ «| . ‘ ‘ . rrant of ‘ : : 8 resentation of the results in The Jron Ag ‘ i : irral ia F | invitation to its readers to offer their ex ng them al , ' ie 7. the procedure necessary to get such remark- fore 7} is 1 to enter the fi . adie <} z he tendrils, if they may be so called, are so sion of the | € paper in subse iging pringy that, if touched, they vibrate for min- nswer. fine ar eA 1096 THE IRON AGE November Wire Drawing Block with Automatic Stop The Morgan Construction Company, Worcester, Mass.., Is equipping its coarse wire drawing blo ks with automatic safety devices. The blocks built by this company are driven by individual friction clutches of the coil type located within the blocks and the take-up mechanism is designed so that a clutch may be released by applying but little weight on the stopping side of the ot treadl | yhasis is laid upon the ict that the a it of force necess oO disengage the clutch is constant and is absolutely inde pendent of the amount of work which is being performed he way in which the necessary motion is automatically imparted to the foot treadle in case of accident is brought out in the accompanying drawin S loop throu wl ch the W e pas ts he di nn 1" sm ill steel bell \ S al I 1 a xX‘ 1 I The horizontal arm of this casting the top o the plunger whose lower end when ne running bears against the stopping side ot treadle In both this drawing and the engraving of the machine, thi device is shown in the operating position. A kink, loop o1 tangle in the wire, irrespective of whether it has caught the arm or leg of the operator, must, of course, come up against the safety loop as it is drawn toward the die. A forward motion of the loop produces a downward motion of the horizontal arm of the steel crank and the plunget depresses the foot treadle slightly, breaking al yoo] joint in-the treadle mechanism and disengaging the clutch it stantly. The stiffness of the device is determined by a spring which may be seen in the plunger housing and by choosing a spring of the proper stiffness the device can bt made more or less sensitive, according to the requirements of the product. Emphasis is laid upon the fact that the design of the stop is such that there is no way in which the parts can be cramped or thrown out of alignment by any unusual condi- tion of the tangled wir: \s its primary motion is a swiveling one around a fixed point, there is practically no chance for it to become jammed or obstructed by accumu lations of dirt, as will be the case if the loop had a recipro- cating motion. Another advantageous feature of the de- vice is that its operation does not cut the wire, but stops the block and gives the operator a chance to straighten out the tangle and continue the draft, thus keeping a full weight bundle. The safety loop is employed frequently for stopping the block during the process of the draft to gauge and inspect the wire, or to split a bundle, it being more convenient tor this purpose than the foot treadle. I Another safety device has been applied to the block and can be seen just below the rear end of the die box in the drawing. Its function is to stop the block instantly when the bundle runs out or the wire breaks, thus prevent- ing the loose end of the wire from thrashing around, ag it would if the block continued to revolve. Referring to-the A Vertical-Spindle Bull Frame Equipped with \utomat Stop wiv) ic Satety drawing, it will be noticed that the die being fastened directly to the top plate, is steel casting, b, which swivels slightly about Drawing § wing the Principle of Operation Satety Stoy just below the die box. A hole drilled in the under the die box, contains a heavy compression sprit which pushes against the casting above the pivot, and w! the block is not running, causes the horizontally projecting arm to keep the safety plunger down. When wire is being drawn the pull on the die carries the box forward slightly depressing this spring and allowing the plunger ar treadle to assume their normal working positions. As soot as the die pull ceases, due to the finishing of the draft or the breaking of the wire, the spring, acting throug! casting and depressing the safety plunger, causes the block to stop instantly. Another advantage of this device, apart from its value as a safety appliance, is its convenience. Py its use it is not necessary for the wire drawer to stop his attendance upon other blocks and hurry to stop one where the draft has just finished. As will be noticed from both the engraving and drawing, the parts of these two safety devices ar number and all are outside of the frame and al ible. Their construction, also, is substantial. re few in wavs vis An Enterprising Lehigh Valley Bar-Iron Maker The Slatington Rolling Mills, Slatington, Pa., manu- facturer of forging, engine bolt, and specification bar iron has put in operation in the last month five ne tubular waste heat boilers above five of its pudd naces. These boilers, in combination with a larg water heater injecting system, are found to be capable o! producing enough steam to run the entire plant on wast heat. Although this rolling mill is of a limited capacity, ™ is claimed to be in a position to compare very favor in manufacturing cost and efficiency with many 0! larger mills that make good muck-bar iron. It is grat!) ing to note that this small mill has withstood the inr of steel in the last decade, which speaks well for the « pany’s efforts in keeping the question of quality param punt, The management of the company has mad bg oe changes in the personnel of department heads, and secured A. B. Olds, late of the Interstate Iron & ae Company, East Chicago, Ind., as day superintendent, an¢ . eetuirn W 1 £ j ef Nas E. C. Hamilton, late of the Nicetown Plate Washer (0 pany, as night superintendent. J. R. Spencer has been pointed sales agent for the New England States A Tropenas converter has been installed at N . folk Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va., for the purpose 0! . ducing steel castings. The foundry has hereto! iron castings only. a ° Feonomic and Commercial Situation in Peru A Study, in View of the Use of the Panama Canal, of the Possibilities of Business Expansion —Power Development for Mining Operations October 25, 1913.—Peru’s economic at lepends in a large degree on its minet utput of the mines shares with rubber in forming the chief elements nerce. The returns from the mines the form of mining machinery and partly in general merchandise. ugh various reasons the citv of Lima ant illao are experiencing a period of dullness, the The I tions of the country are not bad. l 1 © tons to 27,000 tons at the prevailing prices. min ners have no reason to complain and do not. tl iln- mmer- incial Good the ag- prod- otton, Q nd wool, staple ts. also ind re than lrop in »f rub- The rubber luced in stant S and le Dios and the I does sly af- local the itself juiet, perous 140,000 with mu- prove- ially Grade on the ay. It is one of the most attractive pla ca, and the United States colony, which railways and general business have drawn duct is copper, and with an annual exporta nadiu { S¢ T t e 4 t ‘ ne an I vn t t I sumed that t re u t » and n Europe and t uiling a e for the failure inue 1 \V he ‘ \ 9 te il } Yeruvian Andes he told t ina ' Mar ‘ he + ec ‘ ‘ . 1+ ted he deposits _ ste , neral, but 1 dy guessed what ey wert lly ne i i was denoun ed,’ is the P 1 an I r lir a m is il | thie Peru Vv in mining laws oal claims un cover double the ea of laims for other miner ls So it iD pened thatthe fortunate ind1 vidual who filed the claim g ot double the area that he would under ordinarv _entrai es as well contented as Americans ever are settled permanently in a foreign land. Rich Vanadium Mine at Present Quiescent ng to mining conditions in their relation to busi- re and abroad, passing note may be made of the (American vanadium mine up in the heart e on developments in the trade of the United Sta The first dealing, with general South American and European activity the opening of the Panama Canal le , "™erce via the Panama Canal, appeared in e- 16 ¢ o! tes The 1097 es. Ss a a stances. Li cally the vana- dium is given the name of its discoverer and frequently ap- pears under this name in railway and mining statistics. The Oroy Hy droelectric Devel opme nt The most im- portant mining development in Peru Cerro de since the Pasco fields were ac- quired a dozen years ago by the American syndi cate and rail- It and ways bu! smelters erected at a heavy ex Railroad in Peru pen diture of capital, is the ; ' yf the great hydroelectric plant at Oroya by the Oroya formerly was the terminus of the erection same company. Central Railway, which Henry Meiggs built in the face ulties, and which I think is n the world, both from its engineering features and from its majesty as a scenic of stupendous engineering diff still the most remarkable railway line. It is 140 miles from the sea coast and lies in a cross anyon of the Andes. The Cerro de Pasco ‘ ' to secure rail trans ‘“ompany built its own line so miles north in order The Per an Corporation, which operates the Peruvian railway system, has extended the portation for the mines main section to the south also that Oroya now is at the prong of two railway forks NS Engineers who from time to time have reported on Too8 ns $1 es | ct col he DE the the Vast poss a ( el I (nde ] j trical energ alway ( l \ ible eyes on ya as a Site f a centt powe! sé The Cerro Pas ( ! I SiX seve irs ago made detailed . 1 ; 1 1 < ind ad ( l t the 1 cle in electrical ill mn t Uroy: l > l hac een s§ 1 + ‘ Iter ] n n é ‘ ne el ind othe! } d ex ents \ ( ( 1 no I su es | . 1; ‘ a bios i Liey \ l if t ] ir¢ I I ina il Ll C vas demons ed tha ‘ ' trical instal I nomies W voul Id pay for sel thre i | ny to the il Zw Cal ne L¢ ce Pa erties that the unt necessa r the Oroya in LLIOI S id t in the neig rn od ot S$: 000 nes out of the earnings of the company. The plant will in operation before the new year and will furnish 10,900 This is the largest installation yet made vy any of mining companies. It is only a fraction, however, of lectrical energy that is latent in these Andean streams THE IRON AGE November his year the exports are expected to be ab (he exports of other metals are so small negligible. Mineral Oil Resources to Be Develop: Mineral oil is now receiving attention. 7 Oil Company seems to have decided to enter ilields possibly as a measure of self-prot present capacity of the district in northern is now under exploitation, the Talara, Lobit gritas fields, is said to be about 200,000 tons an: the Standard is reported to have assured itself one-half of this quantity. The demand of ( oil for refining is being met by the norther Peru. The consumption of fuel oil along the coast ing. The Central Railway for several years past oil-burning locomotives. The Southern Railway by the same corporation, which runs from M Lake Titicaca and Cuzco, and which is the trad (he Oroya installation solves what was becoming a ry important labor problem. The Cerro de Pasco mines 1 ated more than 14,000 It above sea level. The e population at these altitudes is sparse. The natives he sierras, or mountain districts, at lower altitudes, trom 5000 it. to 10,000 ft., experienc almost as difficulty in working at 14,000 feet as do those from level. It is this perennial problem of getting workmen the mines in the upper altitudes, which in the view nced operators has placed a serious limita on the de pment of Peru’s rich mineral resources Copper Ore Exports I ition 1s e eno! cost transporta a U4 La lwa es yer dow t th x ‘ ‘ at > . SS1 I I little less > € o! the gzest mine nis , mtiti The answe ] ra the ‘ oO! ailway ra | ¢ é S vevet ‘ di d, and ther estiol it ul el p ra way lines wil ipitalists O ect t perate as well as | lwavs want 5 1 heavy tor n sig I ea be the engar¢ in enterprises eT ‘ . lihey | SUDSI¢ fre } he (, é ( pper inclu I itte ' 1 ‘ lat 1 proportion of the mineral exports Peru 1 th ures are of interest ear th pper bars ex porte 1 te the I I states ere luce ] } ximatelvy at $ 4 000 ( t 2 ox and the Cathedral, Lima southern Peru and of a section of Bolivia, has ontinue the use of coal. The difficulties of estal a tank station at Mollendo is partly responsible decision. There is no harbor and the water rough that tank steamers would have very great ties in unloading their cargoes. It was figured use of fuel oil would effect a saving of 25 per <« the company found that by the use of super-! other economies it could import its coal from and save 20 per cent. It therefore decided that tional saving of 5 per cent. was not worth the The Peruvian Steamship Company, whic! backing of the Peruvian Government, built a fast passenger and freight steamers in Englar for the traffic between Panama to Callao, after ing with oil as fuel on one of the steamers hange them all from coal burning to oil burnins now being done Working of Coal Fields Still Checked How far oil will supersede the use of coal lematical, but with an abundant supply so rea its utilization seems bound to be extended + +hem plentiful coal deposits of its own, some ot t and some bituminous. The heavy cost of pr portation facilities heretofore has prevented mercial exploitation of even the richest depos! exception. The Cerro de Pasco. Company built line to Gollarisquizga, about 30 miles in length, at 1 the field there for its own purposes. The Centr d some deposits along its line beyond Oroya, ses to exploit for domestic purposes, but this be on a large scale. The Government in negotiation with the mining companies Pasco district to build a railway to some new ich the engineers report to be extensive an The Go available. ernment proposes t n are to the construction of the railway, but t sition is an expensive one, and it is not likely through in the near future deposits in northern Peru were acquired a American company whicl is unable to raise the money needed for th lway, and therefore had to abandon its con possibility ot these 1 century ago by an exploiting anthracit een revived by the reported intention of th to establish a military port at Chimbote, on the rrol. Chimbote has the best harbor in Peru to time tentative suggestions have been mad esirability as a coaling station for the United Droves of Llamas, the Ore C but the Navy has never asked the Govern quire it. It will serve Peru as well as it would United States, for it has great capabilities as a | port as well as a military port. leiggs, in his grand schemes for the develop eru, had a broad plan for irrigation as a mean ting immigration and for a railway similar to the nd on the same magnificent scale of construction, f expense. The railway from Chimbote has ng along to the interior, and in the course of the active support of the Peruvian Government uestionably be prolonged to the Hualgayoc coa t like the other railways which are necessar to render Peru’s rich mineral deposits available t a project for the immediate future ‘ Beds Not Considered Commercially Valuable irs ago it was thought that a new source of! ealth and of national revenue had been disco the existence of nitrate beds in Southern Peru reports were favorable, and the administra resident Leguia sent a special representative to the States with a view to interesting American capital xploitation. If the nitrate was found to exist in ntity supposed, it was proposed to exploit them as nt property through private companies, somewhat by Chile, and to levy an export tax equal to the ix levied by* Chile. An American company en- ga the manufacture of explosives became interested its own field engineers and experts to examine sits. A most thorough investigation was made, at THE IRON % a L0Q90 AGE n expense of $50,000 i result was disappou VV le there are super il deposits thev are not i kin » eI rage exploitatior ()t] S eries are i ive been ide in a dis t adjoining the one from w S m was xpec ed it thus i the e} ts nhrm the existen } il ] ] nitTa I ern IP I e g c er the neral s n the « ntry vNa lly i i wie i aA S got LOT id tl i en the Panama Canal ened f t he Peru is goin | 1 wn trom the Andes less cargoes of { rals The mu 1 mdustry ilthy and norma I n. Peru is 1 goin ne suddenly p the ec ing t tf its mineral t hut the develop ent is goin: » continue gradual 1 pe | en slow r the reasons stated in connection with the cost of build ing railway lines. The f the Peruvian Government the matter of its mineral weal Iways has been n servative kxtensive ofhcial data exist which give all the facts These are supplemented from time to time sad al ers of the Andes, at Casapalca authentic information, this information being also of ar official character. Better Port Facilities Necessary for Peru With rather Canal, Peru is The shipping the increased trafh« reference to for preparing itself main difficult facilitic that tl and that tl lume of traffic as it ymplicated local and political slowly nm the utterly inadequate personal centers < { allao | worse now than they were five should say from observation are years aZzo, port is unable to handle as large a handled even ten years ago. ( matters intermixed with financial affairs partly account { this condition. It is to be said, however, that whenever measures are taken to improve the port facilities of Calla they are likely to be on an adequate scak The Govern ment has employed Jacob Kraus, the Dutch eng planned the Valparaiso harbor rks, to make a st of the proposed Callao port works. Some of his assistant are already here. After their examination has been and their report submitted it will be for the Government to find the means of carrying out their recommendatior unless Callao, which means substantially all Peru, is t be left behind, not only by Valparaiso but by small: ports. The Government is already aware that if it is t have the full benefit of the Panama Canal traffic it must provide facilities for 15,000-ton vessels. That is the type of vessel which Mr. Schwab proposes to put on for the ore transport of the Chilian mines which the Bethlehem Steel Company has acquired, and vessels of this type will not take cargo in and out of Callao until they can be given harbor accommodations. 1100 THE IRON AGE Peru’s Foreign Trade Steadily Growing The foreign trade of Peru, notwithstanding the present depression, which seems largely local, continues to grow at a satisfactory rate. In 1912 it was approximately $63,- 000,000, the exports exceeding the imports by nearly $1o 000,000. This should give a comfortable balance to meet oblig ns tord some en rage eI { I ect I nat I evel | eT Trade with the United States has grown in about the same proportion as that with European countries With the ening of the Canal there should be a larger growth It is the testimony of the heads of important commercial houses in Lima that American manufacturers are showing a better comprehensi f the needs of the Peruvian mar ket, though many individual manufacturers still have much to learn. While the great corporations which have estab lished themselves here for the sale through their direct representatives of their products have been subjected to criticism, they have really opened the way for the small manufacturer and exporter who is operating either on his own account or through commission houses. They have made American wares and American quality better known and have established confidence in American goods gen- erally. This in particular is true of iron and steel prod ucts. [he degree to which Peru is going to increase its pur chases in the United States and elsewhere during the next two years is dependent partly on the success of President Billinghurst’s administration in floating a new national loan. The Government wants about $33,000,000, chiefly for the purpose of refunding previous loans, several of which were of a temporary character. If the loan can be floated it will enable a considerable saving to be made in the way of interest charges and will also permit some pressing obligations to be paid off. The condition of the money market in the United States and in Europe is held re- sponsible for the failure up to this time to place the loan rather than lack of confidence in Peru’s resources or her financial ability. The budget which has been laid before Congress offers the inducement of economy in public affairs. The na- tional revenues are estimated at $17,000,000 and the cur- rent expenses at $15,000,000. Substantially one-half the revenues comes from the customs. The balance is made up of various forms of internal taxation, including the alcohol and tobacco monopolies of the State. The export tax on rubber has been of some consequence as a means of revenue, but the returns from it will most. likely diminish, since in order to meet the competition of rubber from the Malay Straits the Government may have to re- uce the export duty, as Brazil and Bolivia already have done. It should not be assumed, however, that rubber production in Peru is going to cease. Like so many other this character the present one is temporary. Much Depends on Effecting a National Loan Should the proposed national loan ultimately be se red a portion of the proceeds will be used in railway nstruction, and this will mean the purchase of material ind equipment in the United States. The railway policy of President Billinghurst’s administration for the next year is a modest one, since the President does not believe that the condition of the country’s finances justifies en- ouraging the more ambitious projects. His programme alls for $2,000, to be spent mainly on extensions of existing lines. If this $2,000,000 becomes available it will mean the expenditure of a larger sum next year and still larger sums as the national finances improve There is, of course, political background to the na- tional administration in Peru, just as there is in the United States. But here there is no question of the tariff of a new banking law. The Peruvian tariff is not a urdensome one and offers no bar to the importation of foreign goods with possibly one exception. Native cotton mills have been established and encouraged by protective duties. Manchester has felt their competition and has lost the market for some of the coarser cotton fabric. The market of the United States for this class of goods was not large enough to be permanently affected. Peru’s monetary system is the outcome of a period of national bankruptcy following the war with Chile in 1879- 81. In the midst of internal political convulsions and international embarrassments, Peru went to the gold stand- November ard and has since maintained it. This finan is one of the factors that lessens the effects commercial and industrial depressions Relations with other South American cou some influence on the investment of foreign well as on general business. The various Sout! republics usually have disputes pending with sor neighbors, but Peru at this time seems to have ontroversies than for many years past. T1 with Chile have improved greatly. A bounda: versy with Ecuador is causing anxiety, but reaches the breaking point the influence of States may be expected to be exerted for peac: exerted three years ago, when both Ecuador thought they ought to go to war over a disputed A boundary commission is delimiting the frontiers Peru and Bolivia, and that controversy is past where it threatened the peace of South Ameri A New Method of Drying Ladles A new ladle-drying apparatus which has beer some large German steel works is the inventi Widekind, consulting engineer, Diisseldorf, Germany. 1 construction is simple, and it is claimed that with half ¢ fuel cost it will heat ladles more gradually and thor in half the time practicable by the old method of using ; DW, LMAMzczAZZEZ, Zz epbiy tL aa SS Z Z VY Va a IV 2B Vj Ma: Sica inti New Ladle-Drying Apparatus Using Gas wood fire under the over-turned ladle. A bright red can easily be obtained without excessive fuel consumpt The apparatus will work equally well on coke, coal, or gas. The heating operation is performed by for and gases of combustion into the mixing chamber w neath the ladle, which rests solidly with its entire rim s face on the heating furnace, as shown in the illustrat and the mixture of the moisture and products of com! tion is drawn off to a stack outside in such a manner as t pre-heat both the gas and air on their way to the 1 chamber. The effect of this arrangement is a gradual heating the lining. While by the old method the heat rising up 1m! the hollow of the inverted ladle interfered with the es of moisture and gases, in the new device the water | is the first to be drawn off and goes up the stack. lining gets drier and hotter, the waste gases get also and on their way to the stack these latter autor cally raise the pre-heating temperature of the incoming and gas, which in their turn produce a hotter flame burner. The length and volume of this are regulated »y slide valves. The lining dried in so thorough and gradu a manner thus has a better chance to preserve its solidit The waste heat may be utilized for other heating poses. The apparatus is claimed to be useful to open plants using ladles the size of which does not | their being turned over, as well as to steel four making medium-sized and small castings. + #ne R. B. Charlton, general superintendent of waukee plant of the Illinois Steel Company, states that new order limiting employees to six days per wee not affect his plant, as the rule has been in force for many years. the Mil- wil there Nove! r 13, I913 Vital Points in Good Foundry Practice* ctors Essential to Successful Manage- nt—A Radical Change in Conditions BY J. J. WILSONT nting a short paper on this subject I hope to you some of the things we are apt to overlook is to bring out some discussion on ordinary ubles. The scarcity of papers on the subject licate that most of us are loath to air our fore our associates. The following of such a ver would result in a benefit to the general ur members Three Important Essentials rst essential to a successful foundryman is of rough knowledge of the business. This is mphasized at the present time by the change nditions from those existing 20 years ago to ronting us today. Then skilled labor was com- ow it is the exception. The executives of the re the mechanical brains, for, to use foreign generally employed in foundries, patterns must structed, and so many devices added to facilitate ng that almost any illiterate foreigner can be use them and produce good castings within a ne. Ability to judge the quality of raw material re and molding sands, and all of the smaller s a most necessary requisite, for many times great nge on mistaken judgment as to the suitability of rial used for the work in hand. T second essential involves a thorough knowledge he game we are playing in all of its branches, that is, a mplete familiarity with the processes of the core room, the foundry proper, the mixing and melting of metal, and he cleaning, testing and inspection of the castings. This means that one must keep up to date with all the advances in foundry practice in general. It also means association with our neighbors and exchanging ideas with him; attend- ng the conventions and taking advantage of the papers d. In our line of work things change rapidly and ndryman is now often called upon to judge of the bility of a new design and a wide knowledge of lern methods is invaluable. he third essential is a capable organization. The fore- d assistant foreman must be trained to handle the f labor which is available. The qualifications of a foreman must be broader than formerly, for he a good teacher as well as an executive. The old ‘tices cannot be followed where molding machines re used with any success. Under present conditions pat- plated, gated, jar rammed, rolled and drawn nical means, and if cores are to be set, jigs can levised for the locating so that the whole opera- Imost fool proof and requires little more than a rout simple operations easily taught the laborer. S tances require but little instruction from the fore- hey are the exception for usually they cannot be to such an extent. The personal equation of lan enters into the case materially. If the ram- o soft the casting may swell, which, besides re machining, may throw the locating points in extent that it is only fit for the scrap pile. too hard we have other troubles in the shape | blows. If the bottom boards are not bedded nay have distorted castings. If gauges be setting cores, one must be sure that they are ised properly. In short, it requires much constant efforts to drum into the laborer the r his following directions implicitly and pay- ttention to the small details. An Harmonious Organization organization as referred to above must have tween the foremen of all departments in order he successful operation of each department. The lent by the use of a little diplomacy can often tty jealousy and lack of co-operation between foremen and without the latter the balance e on the wrong side. A good executive will before the American Foundrymen’s Association, vs ent American Foundrymen’s Association, Cadillac mpany, Detroit. THE IRON AGE not neglect these matters which may seem trivial but at the same time are all important in procuring the end in view—good castings and increased production The co-operation of the departments allied to the foundry, the pattern and machine shops, is essential. The need of the close proximity of the pattern shop is self evident. Frequent consultation between the foundry and pattern shop on new designs is necessary before pattern equipment is made in order to arrive at the best and most economical method of production for the foundry. Unless this is done it frequently means that the pattern equip- ment must be entirely changed or made anew A Good Cost System Necessary [ am positive from observation that some of th foundries do not maintain a good cost system. I believ« in one. It can be effective though simple; a foundry should not take work from a customer at a loss. This has been done repeatedly in the past, and is being done now. Later the management wakes up to the fact; con- siderable business has been done but profits commensurate with the amount of business transacted are not forthcom- ing. Then perhaps follows reorganization or failure and a realization of the necessity of knowing certain essentials. The standard cost system, recommended by the American Foundrymen’s Association a few years ago, | have found to be very effective and simple and applicable to any foundry. In short, a cost system should not be so elaborate that it will cost more to maintain it than the profits will amount to. The final factor essential to the reputation of the foundryman is that he should aim for quality, and to get this, rigid methods of inspection and testing of castings are necessary. A reputation for quality will often get busi- ness at a higher price than the foundry producing mediocre work at a lower price. That is to say, if the foundryman were to forget the matter of profit for a time and give his entire attention to raising the quality of his product, he would soon find that he would reap the benefits of his seeming sacrifices in that he would have all the work he desired at his own price. Philadelphia Foundrymen’s Association A large number of foundrymen, particularly those in- terested in the manufacture of steel castings, attended the regular monthly meeting of the Philadelphia Foundrymen’s Association, held at the Hotel Walton, in that city, on th: evening of November 5. A paper on “The Wills Com bination Steel Furnace” was read by E. Cooper Wills, superintendent of the foundries of the Morris Iron & Steel Company, Frederick, Md. The paper was illustrated with a number of lantern slides, showing views of the furnace which has been in operation at the company’ plant. The Wills furnace is designed for use as either an open-hearth, side-blow converter or electric furnace. It i of the rotary type and is claimed by the inventor to be economical in operation. Oil fuel is used, and the con trol of the various mechanical operations is electrical 3y the Wills process, the metal to be refined is first melted in a cupola, then transferred to the rotary type furnace for either open-hearth or side-blow refinement Heats of various sizes are permissible. Mr. Wills stated that the several heats which have been run in the new furnace produced steel of high grade and exceptionally fluid, and that the resulting castings were clean/and solid Following the reading of the paper a luncheon wa served, and brief addresses made by Thomas Devlin, Howard Evans, E. H. Jamison, H. O. Evans and others A process by which steel is hardened by means of com pressed air is now in use by a German firm in cases where only certain parts of the metal require hardening, accord- ing to Compressed Air. The customary methods of hardening by chilling the steel in water, oil, or special baths is not satisfactory in such cases, owing to the ten sion created between the hardened and unhardened portions of the treated metal. In the new procedure the con pressed air is sprayed over the metal through specially designed nozzles, by means of which, by varying the num ber and spacing the openings, the degree of hardening may be accurately graded. Paes pee ore s et) Vin Nie aa ae 1102 THE IRON AGE Novembe The Care of Steel Mill Rolls as Se Sue oes et Se Ser Sk oem rolled. Now, we have duplicate rolls all fitte: Storage and Turning Shop of the Am housings, ready to lift over to the mill, cutti: erican Bridge Company, Pencoyd, Pa down to a mere trifle. : “The present endeavor to produce a perf: S lemen e pap efore the American Iron and is few passes as possible has led to a more Steel Institute by J] \ S, assis eral superin the method of ragging the rolls without injury endent of.t St Com Buffalo, N. Y., or causing laps that will show in the finished printed in 7 e of October 30 and November 6, “The more perfect the equipment, the bette: may be presented 1 ccompanying reproduction of two and so it would seem that a knowledge of ti 5 g | ige and the roll turning understanding of the furnaces and heating of e Per d plant of the American Bridge Com run the lathe and turn the rolls, a mechani yany These pl graphs é ob : tained from Her L. Jame uperin endent | ( ent Km ! iridge Compal Pe yd, Pa., whose SS101 Mr thias’s paper was 2 the issu f November 6 specting the roll shop, it should ( ( oned that the lathes have an endless chain underneath to pull the turnings out to the charging box, sav ing in re-handling them rhe lathes é ! I l (a1 r } tted rolls in tl roll shop to insure perfect fit and thus to minimize eliminate delay in the rolling mill The rolls weigh 12,000 lb, each and the picture of the roll storage shows the number one can get in a small spac Each roll is separated from the others, which is found a good ar rangement to prevent injury to the rolls. contrasting roll design as it is today and as it formerly was, Mr. James writes a follows “In the early days of rolling, much was guess Storing Rolls So They Do Not Touch One Another ‘ a > he American Bridge Company, Pencoyd, Pa work, with dire results, as rolls would go. in the mills room experience, an eye open to the percentages ©! wast many times before they would work, causing losses of time which can be decreased by skillful roll designing and money, but each failure was an experience by which above all, a personal supervision of the rolls, roll designing has grown to where we find it today. In all-around designer of today. As we look bach previous years, the breaking of a roll meant hours of delay, pioneers, we are aroused to pay tribute to thos¢ pulling shapes and billets from the furnace and recharging, experience, taught us the principles of our business Boas w Cars for Industrial Plant Use some Interesting Special Types De- sned to Meet Particular Conditions momical transportation of material in ywer plants, the Orenstein-Arthur-Koppel ttsburgh, Pa., has developed a number of type rs ur of the most recent which are used videly different kinds of materials are illus- th The one at the top of the accompanying ravings was designed for handling long pieces curves. That at the left is intended for th utomatic machines which has to be placed on rying or for the output of the machines needed ferred directly to the packing room At the is a combined track and car which can be used ns of a plant and yet does not require a large mT if ( 1 Use Between Automatic Machines and Packing Rooms 1913 THE IRON AGE 1103 ee ] \ i i T € I ‘ Nal Y ecTial \ ice utomat ally y mat s i¢ ivs The iv« 1 xed x le \ w ‘ ed vh el the pp re . : } ir will turt ll radius his car willa 10 sets i I I vid i hight 1 ) \ irge 1 ? icks tha ould be ru fa was di ired to reduce the amount of power ne for makin long runs between points in the same building or between different buildings of the plant \ truck w ned it which two large wheels with a flat tread are pla enter < f the ir an ne caste! wheel at each end whi ] casters are higher from the floor than t larger wheels When the truck is being pushed around on the floor, it acts like one of the rdinar ister wheel type, but the Special Car for Handling Long Pieces A Combined Car and Track. An Ash Handling Car for Power Plant R RECENTLY DEVELOPED TYPES OF CARS FOR THE HANDLING OF MATERIAL IN INDUSTRIAL AN POWER PLANT wer for long runs, and directly underneath ir for handling ashes, as in a boiler plant. ber mills or manufacturing plants, for carrying m one place to another, it is generally consid sary to install the industrial railway track wit) ery small radii. If the material being handled long pieces such as steel bars, sheets or lumber, iry to use a correspondingly long car, mounted trucks to give it the proper support and at the ermit it to run around the small radii curves on eing necessary in some cases to provide radial that the cars can remain coupled while passing urve. With a view to overcoming the need cial drawbars, the Orenstein-Arthur-Koppel designed a car, largely for a lumber company which the trucks are built to extend beyond he platform. The coupler is fastened directly frame instead of to the body. As the trucks always face in the same direction as_ the ssible to use a simple coupler, even with smal! n the trackage. type of car handling a number of trays has for use in a large soap and chemical com- This car is a development of the rack car used for some time in brick and tile plants langs d ’ fit ‘ he head of a rail \ ingle rail has been installed, and when the truck is t over caster wheels are f travel for a long distance it is run on the rail and placed so that the grooves in the small wheels fit over the ra head. In this way it is pointed out that one nian can pus! the truck easily without having to waste any of his effo in guiding it, and at the same time an efficient means of handling material has been secured The Calumet & Hecla Copper Mining Company has recently made a number of extensive improvements in its power plant and one these includes the handling of the ashes directly from the pit without having to rake them ut and then shovel them into cars or wheel barrows The car was designed to run directly underneath the boiler erate and receive the ashes. The filled car can be run 1 the ash dump outside the boiler house, or it can be lifted by ‘rane and dumped directly into a standard-gauge car for removal. The body of this car is made of 3/16-in. plate with reinforcing to prevent warping due to the heat of the load. The wheels of the car are of cast steel with rolle: } ' earings in the hubs. The car is very low, the hight being only 24 in. It is 12 ft. long and 65% in. wide. being de signed to run on a track having a gauge of 36 in. The capacity of the car is approximately 95 cu. ft., and it stated that the use of these cats has caused a wreat reduc 1104 THE IRON AGE Novem S \ T S if en its ( ¢ t ‘ nee C ‘ { Lut r { ‘ . t > AC speed T 1 parts Clarence A W e t s new t cimes ( ] (y ’ “A ] ac ect ne ( ‘> r { t its l la S ( I t The change will nt on ¢ Corbin Screw Corpor 2 he roduct the Ss wi ich I TT t S15 ts ess ll thie evzin nd in which t roblems 1anufacture and ke fere those ‘ther lines, and it affords the Corbin Automat Products Company an opportunity development and expansion in the manner best adapted s growing needs and the trend of the trade The new npany W ll assum charge f the aing \ le ted the production ¢ e goods it l ( 1 1 new six-story ilding wil 11s ber erecte giving largely in eased pr duct apat There will be no change in the policy or general meth is under which the business is now done The change simply made in the interests of better service to the trade and a closer application of individual treatment to the manufacturing and sale problems involved The Galion Iron Works & Mfg. Company, Galion, Ohio, recently incorporated, was organized to take over the plant of the Galion Iron Works Company. Because of the increase in business it was found necessary to pro- vide more capital and the new company was formed with a capital stock of $1,000,000. A Three-High Universal Plat Plates Rolled from 4 to 18 I; Wide and as Thin as No. 15 Gaug, Harrisburg Pipe & Pipe Bending ( rg, Pa., has recently designed and built 21-in, universal mill for its rolling mill de decided to build this mill, which takes the grooved mill, in the early part of Ju the first slab delivered to the mill on Sept: cessfully rolled to width and gauge. Fr ints both of time and successful operat omewhat remarkable, when the limited mpany, both in the engineering depart: ops, for doing work of this character nsideration. The capacity of the mill { to 18 in. in width, having a minimum thi in., which corresponds to No. 15 gauge Very heavy construction characterizes the parts having been made over size wherever housings are made of air furnace iron a to give the mill rigidity. The boxes and pract the fillings are made of steel and all the bushed with a view to facilitating the makin The bearings for the middle roll are readil from the outside, and the employment of a ancing apparatus permits the roll to be rem other one substituted in a very short time f rapid removal was also considered in the d vertical rolls. In making this change the bor moved from the yokes carrying the bevel g rest bars taken from the front of the mill, after the rolls can be taken from their housings and n put in. Special attention has been paid to th vertical roll bearing, which it is pointed out occas siderable trouble in mills of this type. The extens the bronze bushing into a groove turned in the rol is relied upon to protect the bearing from water scale. A hole running the entire length of the vertical r at its center is designed to give positive lubrication t bottom bearing, and it is stated that an examination the vertical rolls and their bearings after five wee service showed such a small amount of wear that View of a Recently Developed Three-High 21-In. Universal Plate Mill \ 3. 1913 THE IRON AGE 105 Cross-Sectional Elevations of the Harri will last several months before it becomes remove them from the mill. The working vertical roll is 14% in. in diameter and the in. in diameter. eter of the main rolls is 21% in., and the { in., a design which tends to give a rigid roll the shortness of the working body, the length 23 in. Two hydraulic cylinders under the top ngs balance it in the customary way, while the roll is lifted by a cylinder located on the side of here it is readily accessible for packing and necessary adjustments. For leveling the mill ng out straight material, the top and bottom main edges. By reason of the small amount of adjustment required on the vertical rolls, ratchets are pro them in and out, although it is possible to it any time, if the occasion should arise. rew-down on this mill is somewhat faster than in ordinary practice, a 35-hp. Westinghouse ing connected to the screws through a worm gear having a ratio of 16 to 1. General Electric gnetic switch control and a brake built by the Electri ntroller & Mfg. Company are employed to operate the isis is laid upon the fact that with this con the production of the mill is not limited or the screwsman, but is governed only by the rolls and the ability of the table runner to and remove the finished product. is operated in conjunction with a three-high nd, which serves as a finisher. The con- this stand is also rigid, and,it is possible to reductions on it, thus reducing the plate or thickness. When the two mills are operated one as a rougher and the other as a fin- izes can be rolled and material accurately ige and with a surface free from scale and is secured. It is possible to ship the output either in lengths cut to order or in coils, er may require, the necessary equipment hav- g deer talled. rolled in this mill are of basic open-hearth maximum sulphur and phosphorus content nt. As these are made in small furnaces hav- ty of but 40 tons from selected pig iron and ap, It inted out that the product of the mill is idapted for stamping, deep drawing and cold rg Three-High Universal Plate M lling processes, or for any work where a steel of a curate analysis and great uniformity is required. Tate-Jones Furnaces for Panama Foundry Tate, Jones & Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, have furnished th« furnace equipment for the new Government foundry at Balboa, Canal Zone. This equipment comprises an oil burning furnace for annealing various sizes and kinds steel castings; an oil-burning furnace for drying mold for steel castings; four oil-burning ovens, of which one used for drying large cores for steel, iron and brass cast ings, and three for drying smaller cores. The annealing furnace is 18 ft. 9 in. long and 15 ft in. high. It is provided with an all-steel car and track the latter extending 24 ft. into the shop. This furna and its equipment are capable of handling castings up t 15 tons in total weight. The mold-drying furnace is 18 ft. 5 in. wide, 27 ft. 6 in. long and 12 ft. 6 in. in extrem« hight, and is provided with double tracks and with car or trucks for transporting all sizes of flasks up to 15 tons The largest of the core ovens is 12 ft. 6 in. wide, 18 ft. 8 in. long and to ft. 8 in. high and is provided with remov able shelves 18 in. wide, spaced 24 in. apart, also being equipped with track and cars. Each of the three smalle: vens is about 3 ft. wide. 4 ft | ng af d 6 ft. high, and al ‘ are equipped with shelves of the revolving type. The annealing furnace is provided with 6 burners, t! mold-drying oven with 3, the large re oven with 2 ar each small core oven with 1. These burners use either steam at 85 to 100 Ib. pressure per sq. in., for atomizing the oil and air, at 4 to 6 oz. pressure per sq. in. for com bustion. According to the London Iron and Coal Trades R« view, it appears that the manufacture of steel by the ele tric process is progressing steadily in France. From 13,445 tons in 1910 and 13,850 tons in 1911, the output increased to 15,922 tons in 1912. The region of the Alps produces about 10,000 tons of this total. These figures compare as follows with those of Germany and Austria: Germany, 36,188 tons in 1910 and 74,075 tons in 1912; Austria, 19,891 tons in 1912, against 22,870 tons in 1911 % ie eo Ty. — ee New Design Double-Spindle Engine Lathe J. J. McCabe Church street, New York City, has ide several eme! in the double-spindle lath« which in 1 | form was illustrated in The Jron Age March & yor \mong the change w desig yed, tl é the and the us d re el gears t] I lace t cas | lat S ¢ sign Y¢ il r sh W strec ailw ‘ S \ ee] n Id ng it i en vhe ling res universal pos een added \ é ] e,a nged for n \ S esented in the a oO ¢ e bed now exte! to the floor at 1as been mad e! 1 2 red ( vla provides ratio of 72 to I is mad f semi-steel lrop forged steel s employed for the apron gearing, som«¢ f which was rmerly ca | eters of the spindle and steady est ] V¢ bet cTreast il in noe! eT mv ences have ( et To adapt the lathe t ! I el i new wheel ] ing itt hm¢ vith a ( steel dr I irm socket late ind { bus n t the rnal has this is regarded mounted on an removed or not. The own in the cut, has a the tool while the wheels With attachment the machine as capable of gripping any style of whether the new wheel tur universal tool post for been added wheel axle, motor gear is 1 . 1 which is sl ing rest holding are being turned, an exclusive feature, it is stated, on this lathe As illustrated, the lathe is driven by an alternating- ‘urrent multi-speed motor, designed to give four speeds 600, 900, 1200 and 1800 r.p.